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Understanding the motivations and benefits of citizen science (CS) participants is critical to the success of environmental science projects that rely on data collection from engaged citizens. Tailored communication with citizen scientists is essential, leading to the need to target specific societal groups for extensive and high-quality data sets. The purpose of the study was to apply marketing concepts such as stakeholder analysis, value proposition canvas (VPC), and key performance indicators (KPIs) to CS projects. The study examined the extent to which these strategies can be applied to CS projects and add value, resulting in improved recruitment and retention of participants, as well as improved project management. The dynamic landscape of CS projects requires adapted business-oriented approaches supporting ongoing participation with high motivation, acknowledging community needs, and recognizing institutional scientists, akin to targeting potential customers. The case study focuses on the CityCLIM initiative, an EU-funded project collecting urban climate data, especially air temperature, using mobile weather stations. The CityCLIM VPC, analyzing stakeholder groups, facilitated tailored communication strategies by analyzing stakeholder groups and highlighting the effectiveness of the CS cycling initiative within the “Stadtradeln” program. Impact KPIs served as a roadmap for strategic refinement, while data quality KPIs identified deficiencies, guiding adjustments to the campaign. Applied marketing tools improved project planning, engagement, and evaluation, demonstrating the potential of this concept. Adapting marketing tools to recruitment and communication strategies benefits CS projects by targeting specific groups. The holistic integration of stakeholder analysis, VPC, and KPIs streamlines project management and creates a framework for sustainable success. This adaptation forms a robust toolkit for CS project coordinators, contributing to effective communic

The Grunehogna Craton (GC) in the Atlantic sector of East Antarctica is situated in western Dronning Maud Land between approximately 2 and 15°W. The GC was part of or adjacent to the Archaean Kalahari Craton of southern Africa and became attached to Antarctica during the Jurassic breakup of Gondwana. We report on magnetotelluric (MT) measurements from 20 sites in the vicinity of Neumayer III research station, which is located on the Ekström Ice Shelf (EIS) at the eastern coast of the Weddell Sea. The MT data was collected using broad band instruments with an average site spacing of 5 km. Contrary to sea ice, ice shelves originate from a glacier or ice sheet that flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. Therefore ice shelves are firmly attached to the land masses and the EIS overlays in parts the GC. The MT data, particularly the inductions vectors, clearly mark the transition from areas which are underlain by sea water and where the ice is directly grounded on the craton. The MT sites located on the GC show generally high resistivity, which can be expected for Archean rocks.

The Grunehogna Craton (GC) in the Atlantic sector of East Antarctica is situated in western Dronning Maud Land between approximately 2 and 15°W. The GC was part of or adjacent to the Archaean Kalahari Craton of southern Africa and became attached to Antarctica during the Jurassic breakup of Gondwana. We report on magnetotelluric (MT) measurements from 20 sites in the vicinity of Neumayer III research station, which is located on the Ekström Ice Shelf (EIS) at the eastern coast of the Weddell Sea. The MT data was collected using broad band instruments with an average site spacing of 5 km. Contrary to sea ice, ice shelves originate from a glacier or ice sheet that flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. Therefore ice shelves are firmly attached to the land masses and the EIS overlays in parts the GC. The MT data, particularly the inductions vectors, clearly mark the transition from areas which are underlain by sea water and where the ice is directly grounded on the craton. The MT sites located on the GC show generally high resistivity, which can be expected for Archean rocks.

BackgroundExercise training increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, but its effect on HDL function is unclear. In hypertensives, exercise improves endothelial dysfunction, which is related to HDL function. In the present study, we assess for the first time the effects of different exercise modalities on two cell-free assays of HDL function.DesignThe study was conducted as a prospective randomized controlled trial in 75 hypertensive patients.MethodsPatients were randomized in three groups: (a) handgrip isometric training five times weekly; (b) placebo-handgrip; and (c) aerobic exercise training at least three times per week. HDL function was assessed in serum samples at baseline and after 12 weeks of training by two independent assays that determine the proinflammatory phenotype (haptoglobin content) of a specific amount of HDL (Haptoglobin-HDL [HPHDL]) and oxidized HDL (HDLox) as a measure of reduced antioxidant function of HDL. HDL function measures were normalized by the measures of a pooled control of sera from healthy participants and by HDL-C levels (normalized ratio, no units).ResultsAerobic exercise led to significant reduction of the HDLox from 0.99 ± 0.27 to 0.90 ± 0.29 (no units, p = 0.03). The HPHDL did not change in any training group. Changes of HDLox correlated with reduction of the systolic blood pressure only after aerobic exercise (R = 0.64, p = 0.03).ConclusionsAerobic but not isometric exercise improves the antioxidant function of HDL in patients with hypertension. This improvement correlates positively with reductions of blood pressure.

We present a deep electrical resistivity image from the passive continental margin in Namibia. The approximately 700 km long magnetotelluric profile follows the Walvis Ridge offshore, continues onshore across the Kaoko Mobile Belt and reaches onto the Congo Craton. Two-dimensional inversion reveals moderately resistive material offshore, atypically low for oceanic lithosphere, reaching depths of 15–20 km. Such moderate resistivities are consistent with seismic P wave velocity models, which suggest up to 35 km thick crust. The Neoproterozoic rocks of the Kaoko Mobile Belt are resistive, but NNW-striking major shear-zones are imaged as subvertical, conductive structures in the upper and middle crust. Since the geophysical imprint of the shear zones is intact, opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous did not alter the middle crust. The transition into the cratonic region coincides with a deepening of the high-resistive material to depths of more than 60 km.

We present a deep electrical resistivity image from the passive continental margin in Namibia. The approximately 700 km long magnetotelluric profile follows the Walvis Ridge offshore, continues onshore across the Kaoko Mobile Belt and reaches onto the Congo Craton. Two-dimensional inversion reveals moderately resistive material offshore, atypically low for oceanic lithosphere, reaching depths of 15–20 km. Such moderate resistivities are consistent with seismic P wave velocity models, which suggest up to 35 km thick crust. The Neoproterozoic rocks of the Kaoko Mobile Belt are resistive, but NNW-striking major shear-zones are imaged as subvertical, conductive structures in the upper and middle crust. Since the geophysical imprint of the shear zones is intact, opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous did not alter the middle crust. The transition into the cratonic region coincides with a deepening of the high-resistive material to depths of more than 60 km.

We present a deep electrical resistivity image from the passive continental margin in Namibia. The approximately 700 km long magnetotelluric profile follows the Walvis Ridge offshore, continues onshore across the Kaoko Mobile Belt and reaches onto the Congo Craton. Two-dimensional inversion reveals moderately resistive material offshore, atypically low for oceanic lithosphere, reaching depths of 15–20 km. Such moderate resistivities are consistent with seismic P wave velocity models, which suggest up to 35 km thick crust. The Neoproterozoic rocks of the Kaoko Mobile Belt are resistive, but NNW-striking major shear-zones are imaged as subvertical, conductive structures in the upper and middle crust. Since the geophysical imprint of the shear zones is intact, opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous did not alter the middle crust. The transition into the cratonic region coincides with a deepening of the high-resistive material to depths of more than 60 km.

Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up and the role of hot-spot related magmatism. Several geophysical experiments (Seismics, Magnetotellurics and Seismology) were therefore carried out 2011 and 2012 in northern Namibia to image crust and upper mantle at the landfall of the Walvis Ridge. The aim of these studies is to shed light on the present-day structure of this area to understand the dynamics of the breakup of Pangaea and the processes involved. First results of the seismic part of the project show anomalous velocity structures and reflective properties in the mid- and lower crust. The lower crust (onshore) is characterized by an unusual high velocity body which might be associated with magmatic processes of the plume continent interaction. The distribution of the upper mantle wave propagation velocities shows a rather complex, very inhomogeneous pattern. Onshore magnetotelluric (MT) data were acquired at 167 sites in a ~140 km wide and ~260 km long corridor from the Atlantic Ocean through the Kaoko Mobile Belt onto the Congo Craton. The data are generally of excellent quality. A first inspection of magnetotelluric and vertical magnetic transfer functions indicates significant three-dimensional (3-D) structures in the crust and upper mantle, particularly in the Western Kaoko Zone in the vicinity of prominent shear zones. The seismological team operates a passive-source seismic experiment for two years onshore/offshore NW Namibia. The seismic network consists of 28 land-based and 12 ocean-bottom stations covering an area of 400km x 800km. Different seismic methods, such as body wave and surface wave tomography, receiver function, shear wave splitting, etc, will be used to image the seismic anomalies in the upper mantle and to map the thickness of the crust and mantle lithosphere in this ocean-continental transition area. The aim is to find the mantle deformation styles related

The motion of tectonic plates is accommodated at fault zones. One of the unanswered questions about fault zones relates to the role they play in controlling shallow and local hydrology. This study focuses on the Arava/Araba Fault (AF) zone, the southern portion of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the Middle East. We combine seismic and electromagnetic methods (EM) to image the geometry and map the petro-physical properties and water occurrence in the top 100 m of this active fault. For three profiles, P-velocity and resistivity images were derived independently. Using a neural network cluster analysis three classes with similar P-velocity and resistivities could then be determined from these images. These classes correspond to spatial domains of specific material and wetness. The first class occurs primarily east of the fault consisting of 'wet' sand (dunes) and brecciated sediments, whereas the second class composed of similar material located west of the fault is 'dry'. The third class lies at depth below ca. 50 m and is composed of highly deformed and weathered Precambrian rocks that constitute the multi-branch fault zone of the AF at this location. The combination of two independent measurements like seismics and EM linked by a stringent mathematical approach has thus shown the potential to delineate the interplay of lithology and water near active faults.

Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up and the role of hot-spot related magmatism. Several geophysical experiments (Seismics, Magnetotellurics and Seismology) were therefore carried out 2011 and 2012 in northern Namibia to image crust and upper mantle at the landfall of the Walvis Ridge. The aim of these studies is to shed light on the present-day structure of this area to understand the dynamics of the breakup of Pangaea and the processes involved. First results of the seismic part of the project show anomalous velocity structures and reflective properties in the mid- and lower crust. The lower crust (onshore) is characterized by an unusual high velocity body which might be associated with magmatic processes of the plume continent interaction. The distribution of the upper mantle wave propagation velocities shows a rather complex, very inhomogeneous pattern. Onshore magnetotelluric (MT) data were acquired at 167 sites in a ~140 km wide and ~260 km long corridor from the Atlantic Ocean through the Kaoko Mobile Belt onto the Congo Craton. The data are generally of excellent quality. A first inspection of magnetotelluric and vertical magnetic transfer functions indicates significant three-dimensional (3-D) structures in the crust and upper mantle, particularly in the Western Kaoko Zone in the vicinity of prominent shear zones. The seismological team operates a passive-source seismic experiment for two years onshore/offshore NW Namibia. The seismic network consists of 28 land-based and 12 ocean-bottom stations covering an area of 400km x 800km. Different seismic methods, such as body wave and surface wave tomography, receiver function, shear wave splitting, etc, will be used to image the seismic anomalies in the upper mantle and to map the thickness of the crust and mantle lithosphere in this ocean-continental transition area. The aim is to find the mantle deformation styles related

The motion of tectonic plates is accommodated at fault zones. One of the unanswered questions about fault zones relates to the role they play in controlling shallow and local hydrology. This study focuses on the Arava/Araba Fault (AF) zone, the southern portion of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in the Middle East. We combine seismic and electromagnetic methods (EM) to image the geometry and map the petro-physical properties and water occurrence in the top 100 m of this active fault. For three profiles, P-velocity and resistivity images were derived independently. Using a neural network cluster analysis three classes with similar P-velocity and resistivities could then be determined from these images. These classes correspond to spatial domains of specific material and wetness. The first class occurs primarily east of the fault consisting of 'wet' sand (dunes) and brecciated sediments, whereas the second class composed of similar material located west of the fault is 'dry'. The third class lies at depth below ca. 50 m and is composed of highly deformed and weathered Precambrian rocks that constitute the multi-branch fault zone of the AF at this location. The combination of two independent measurements like seismics and EM linked by a stringent mathematical approach has thus shown the potential to delineate the interplay of lithology and water near active faults.

Petroleum systems located at passive continental margins received increasing attention in the last decade mainly because of deep- and ultra‐deep-water hydrocarbon exploration and production. The high risks associated with these settings originate mainly from the poor understanding of inherent geodynamic processes. The new priority program SAMPLE (South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution), established by the German Science Foundation in 2009 for a total duration of 6 years, addresses a number of open questions related to continental breakup and post‐breakup evolution of passive continental margins. 27 sub‐projects take advantage of the exceptional conditions of the South Atlantic as a prime “Geo‐archive.” The regional focus is set on the conjugate margins located east of Brazil and Argentina on one side and west of Angola, Namibia and South Africa on the other (Figure 1) as well as on the Walvis Ridge and the present‐day hotspot of Tristan da Cunha. The economic relevance of the program is demonstrated by support from several petroleum companies, but the main goal is research on fundamental processes behind the evolution of passive continental margins.

Petroleum systems located at passive continental margins received increasing attention in the last decade mainly because of deep- and ultra‐deep-water hydrocarbon exploration and production. The high risks associated with these settings originate mainly from the poor understanding of inherent geodynamic processes. The new priority program SAMPLE (South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution), established by the German Science Foundation in 2009 for a total duration of 6 years, addresses a number of open questions related to continental breakup and post‐breakup evolution of passive continental margins. 27 sub‐projects take advantage of the exceptional conditions of the South Atlantic as a prime “Geo‐archive.” The regional focus is set on the conjugate margins located east of Brazil and Argentina on one side and west of Angola, Namibia and South Africa on the other (Figure 1) as well as on the Walvis Ridge and the present‐day hotspot of Tristan da Cunha. The economic relevance of the program is demonstrated by support from several petroleum companies, but the main goal is research on fundamental processes behind the evolution of passive continental margins.

Southern Africa and its southern continental margin offer an unrivalled region, where continental accretion, continental breakup and magmatic processes over a period of more than 3.5 billion years can be studied. The Agulhas-Karoo Geoscience Transect is part of the South African - German cooperative research project Inkaba yeAfrica, which aims to investigate this part of the continent and ocean in a cone-shaped sector from core to space. Geophysical and geological data and samples were collected along this transect which spans from the Agulhas Plateau across the Agulhas-Falkland fracture zone, the Outeniqua Basin, the Cape Fold Belt, the Namaqua-Natal Belt onto the Karoo Craton. A combined onshore-offshore deep crustal seismic reflection and refraction survey as well as several magnetotelluric surveys provide information about tectonic and magmatic structures and constraints for physical parameters from sedimentary sequences to the upper mantle. The main objectives include an understanding of the crustal nature of the Agulhas Plateau, the processes accompanying and succeeding the crustal shearing process along the Agulhas-Falkland Transform/Fracture Zone, the offshore basin formation in relation to breakup, the deep-seated tectonics of the Cape Fold Belt, and the geometries and sources of the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly and the Southern Cape Conductivity Belt. The geophysical data are integrated with geological, petrological and geochemical analysis on rock composition, age and alteration history to form an overarching geodynamic model of the evolution of this region and its sedimentary, tectonic and magmatic units.

Southern Africa and its southern continental margin offer an unrivalled region, where continental accretion, continental breakup and magmatic processes over a period of more than 3.5 billion years can be studied. The Agulhas-Karoo Geoscience Transect is part of the South African - German cooperative research project Inkaba yeAfrica, which aims to investigate this part of the continent and ocean in a cone-shaped sector from core to space. Geophysical and geological data and samples were collected along this transect which spans from the Agulhas Plateau across the Agulhas-Falkland fracture zone, the Outeniqua Basin, the Cape Fold Belt, the Namaqua-Natal Belt onto the Karoo Craton. A combined onshore-offshore deep crustal seismic reflection and refraction survey as well as several magnetotelluric surveys provide information about tectonic and magmatic structures and constraints for physical parameters from sedimentary sequences to the upper mantle. The main objectives include an understanding of the crustal nature of the Agulhas Plateau, the processes accompanying and succeeding the crustal shearing process along the Agulhas-Falkland Transform/Fracture Zone, the offshore basin formation in relation to breakup, the deep-seated tectonics of the Cape Fold Belt, and the geometries and sources of the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly and the Southern Cape Conductivity Belt. The geophysical data are integrated with geological, petrological and geochemical analysis on rock composition, age and alteration history to form an overarching geodynamic model of the evolution of this region and its sedimentary, tectonic and magmatic units.

Southern Africa and its southern continental margin offer an unrivalled region, where continental accretion processes over a period of more than 3.5 billion years can be studied. Along a geoscientific transect from the offshore Agulhas Plateau across the Agulhas Fracture, the Outeniqua Basin, the Cape Fold Belt, the Namaqua-Natal Belt into the Karoo Province, geophysical and geological data and samples have been collected in order to build a model of the evolution and crustal accretion as well as the continental break-up of this region. With this transect, which is a component of the German - South African project Inkaba ye Africa, objectives are addressed such as the Mesoproterozoic accretion processes along the southern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, the extent of Pan-African inliers in the Cape Fold Belt, the formation of the Cape Fold Belt, the sources for the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly and the Southern Cape Conductivity Belt, the continental/oceanic origin of the Agulhas Plateau, the formation of the Agulhas Fracture Zone and its consequences for basin formation and uplift processes. A combined land-sea deep crustal seismic reflection and refraction survey as well as a magnetotelluric survey along the transect provides detailed structures and constraints for physical parameters from the upper crust to the upper mantle which will be integrated with geological, petrological and geochemical analysis on rock composition, age and alteration history to form an overarching geodynamic model for the evolution of the region and its tectonic units.

Southern Africa and its southern continental margin offer an unrivalled region, where continental accretion processes over a period of more than 3.5 billion years can be studied. Along a geoscientific transect from the offshore Agulhas Plateau across the Agulhas Fracture, the Outeniqua Basin, the Cape Fold Belt, the Namaqua-Natal Belt into the Karoo Province, geophysical and geological data and samples have been collected in order to build a model of the evolution and crustal accretion as well as the continental break-up of this region. With this transect, which is a component of the German - South African project Inkaba ye Africa, objectives are addressed such as the Mesoproterozoic accretion processes along the southern margin of the Kaapvaal Craton, the extent of Pan-African inliers in the Cape Fold Belt, the formation of the Cape Fold Belt, the sources for the Beattie Magnetic Anomaly and the Southern Cape Conductivity Belt, the continental/oceanic origin of the Agulhas Plateau, the formation of the Agulhas Fracture Zone and its consequences for basin formation and uplift processes. A combined land-sea deep crustal seismic reflection and refraction survey as well as a magnetotelluric survey along the transect provides detailed structures and constraints for physical parameters from the upper crust to the upper mantle which will be integrated with geological, petrological and geochemical analysis on rock composition, age and alteration history to form an overarching geodynamic model for the evolution of the region and its tectonic units.