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This chapter contributes to the understanding of how change within auditing is initiated and formed through collaboration and negotiation between FAR and other actors within the organisational field of municipal auditing in Sweden. The empirical data is based on documents and interviews with actors within and outside the audit profession. Thus, the data represents different perspectives and interests throughout the change process. The analyses show that it was different partial jolts that made the various actors feel institutional pressure to get involved in the change process. At the end of the change process, an additional partial jolt, initiated by an outside actor, facilitated and accelerated the process as it reinforced the understanding of interdependence between the actors involved.

Der vorliegende dritte Teil des Schlussberichtes zum Forschungsprojekt «Entwicklung eines leistungsdifferenzierten Honorierungssystems für den Schutz der Umwelt (UGÖ)» fasst die Ergebnisse des dritten Moduls zusammen, in dem die zentralen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse über die gesellschaftlichen Leistungen des Ökolandbaus zusammengefasst und komprimiert dargestellt werden.

Der vorliegende dritte Teil des Schlussberichtes zum Forschungsprojekt «Entwicklung eines leistungsdifferenzierten Honorierungssystems für den Schutz der Umwelt (UGÖ)» fasst die Ergebnisse des dritten Moduls zusammen, in dem die zentralen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse über die gesellschaftlichen Leistungen des Ökolandbaus zusammengefasst und komprimiert dargestellt werden.

Dual-output regulating rectifier is highly desired in wireless power transfer (WPT) for sub-100mW bioimplants. Such rectifiers perform voltage rectification and dual-output regulation simultaneously, thus avoiding post DC-DC conversions and cascaded power losses [1 –4]. However, the conventional dual-output structure suffers from a low voltage conversion ratio (VCR) (< 1) due to the full bridge rectifier (FBR) topology (Fig. 1), severely limiting the receiver operation when wireless link condition varies [1–2]. In order to extend the operational range without increasing the power demand from the transmitter, [3] presents a charge-pump based dual-output rectifier; however, it uses 10 power transistors (PTs) and 8 off-chip capacitors, degrading the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and increasing the integration cost. Alternatively, the current-mode dual-output rectifier can realize a VCR higher than 1, but the output power is limited to less than 10mW [4], which is insufficient for advanced bioimplants. In this work, a 13. 56MHz single-stage dual-output voltage doubler (DOVD) is proposed to address the above limitations, which employs only two PTs and a fully integrated design. lt can achieve a peak VCR of1.78 and outputs power up to 8lmWwith a 91.8% peak PCE., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Electronic Instrumentation, Microelectronics

Transitioning from the ‘take-make-dispose’ linear production system to a circular economy can strengthen sustainability, and governments play a vital role. Recent scholarship has investigated policies for circular economy transition, but few studies take a perspective on circularity reform that spans geographies, industries, and product life-cycle stages. This article fills that gap by introducing a policy framework for the circular economy that includes over 100 policy instruments. The framework is developed from a review of 572 studies published in the academic and grey literature, along with policy databases and other documents. The findings are validated and supplemented by data from 33 semi-structured interviews with circular economy experts including scholars, policymakers, and representatives from NGOs and businesses. Derived primarily from the EU context but broadly applicable, the framework categorizes circular economy policies into nine groups. Six groups correspond to stages of the product life-cycle and three are overarching, capturing a holistic perspective mostly lacking in the literature. This study aims to promote a more structured discussion about circular economy policies and provides directions for future research by identifying topics where scholarship is thin. In addition to advancing theory, the framework can also serve as an assessment lens for designing circular economy policies., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Circular Product Design

This chapter takes a wider perspective on profiting from innovation and discusses firm, ecosystem, industry, and policy-level aspects relevant for developing 5G/6G. To date, mobile communication networks have been seen as enabling technologies, the innovations potential of which can be characterized by looking at technology complementarity, standardization, and intellectual property issues. With 6G, especially in combination with artificial intelligence, the mobile network will gain features of a general-purpose technology platform with specificities regarding the appropriability of value. This chapter will discuss the potential value appropriability and conditions in the context of 6G, as well as the instruments, processes, and outcomes of value appropriation in 6G, reflecting those against earlier developments. The chapter concludes with implications for innovation policy, regulatory authorities, firms, and entrepreneurs.

This work examines the generation and transmission expansion planning problem of offshore grids under different market clearing mechanisms: a home market design, a zonally cleared offshore bidding zone and a nodally cleared offshore bidding zone. It aims at answering two questions. Is knowing the market structure a priori necessary for effective generation and transmission expansion planning? And which market mechanism results in the highest overall social welfare? To this end, a multi-period, stochastic generation and transmission expansion planning formulation is developed for both nodal and zonal market designs. The approach considers the costs and benefits among stake-holders of hybrid offshore assets as well as gross consumer surplus. The methodology is demonstrated on a North Sea test grid based on projects from the European network of transmission system operators’ ten-year network development plan. An upper bound on potential social welfare in zonal market designs is calculated and it is concluded that from a generation and transmission perspective, knowing the market structure a priori is not strictly necessary but planning under the assumption of a nodal offshore bidding zone is recommended as it results in the highest overall social welfare and best risk adjusted return.

This dissertation examines the relationship between identity, professionalism and regulation in Australian paramedics. This project specifically focuses on the period during the transition to national registration of paramedics in Australia. Paramedicine has existed in some form in Australia for almost a century and a half with origin in 19th century military and civil ambulance corps. Major reforms in the latter half of the 20th century led to the advent of “modern” paramedicine and seen the profession grow exponentially in size, scope and complexity. University education for paramedics was introduced in Australia in the mid-1990s. Advanced medical skills considered ground-breaking in the 1970s and 1980s now constitute a basic part of the paramedic’s clinical toolkit. Education, research and governance have developed at a significant pace in the last few decades to support this growing profession and its broadening scope and function. Today’s paramedics make complex, evidence-based and nuanced decisions about a range of health and social issues. An increased scope of decision making brings risk to the profession as the traditional “transport to hospital” paradigm of practice yields to a diverse set of complex treatment and referral options. Increasing employment outside of traditional statutory employers meant organisational governance, once the only form of oversight, became less and less suitable for regulating the profession. Also, issues existed with who could claim to be a paramedic as there was no standardised definition, scope or qualification levels. This increasing risk and complexity in paramedicine created a need for greater accountability. Regulation was invariably seen as the logical path for a discipline demonstrating increasing signs of professionalisation and greater levels of autonomy. After 10 years of lobbying, paramedicine was included in the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for health practitioners in 2018, becoming the 15th profe

Die erste Winterfütterungsperiode nach den neuen Fütterungsrichtlinien für Wiederkäuer der Bio Suisse ist vor circa zwei Monaten gestartet. Wie sieht die erste Zwischenbilanz aus? Ist der Harnstoff dieses Jahr tiefer als auch schon? Und wie sieht es mit der Milchleistung aus?

Das Vorgehen für die Probenahme zur Rückstandsanalytik ist kompliziert und manche Betriebe wünschen sich zugeschnittene Hilfestellung. Der Leitfaden bietet Hilfestellung zur Probenahme für Rückstandsanalytik auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Bio-Wertschöpfungskette.

Die erste Winterfütterungsperiode nach den neuen Fütterungsrichtlinien für Wiederkäuer der Bio Suisse ist vor circa zwei Monaten gestartet. Wie sieht die erste Zwischenbilanz aus? Ist der Harnstoff dieses Jahr tiefer als auch schon? Und wie sieht es mit der Milchleistung aus?

Criminologists have long recognised the importance of individual actors and settings for understanding offending. Our knowledge of alcohol-related violence in and around licensed premises has been enhanced through research investigating the contribution of perpetrators, victims, and offence settings including licensed premises. However the unique role of licensed premises place managers in contributing to, or reducing violence in and around their premises has received little attention. The research presented in this thesis extends existing scholarship by fusing situational crime prevention's concept of place management with regulatory theory to propose and explore a new integrated theoretical model - the Place Manager Regulatory Compliance Model - for understanding the role of place managers, competitors and regulators in reducing intoxication and violence on licensed premises. The first of three studies presented utilises a survey (N = 97) of licensed premises' place managers and demonstrates how place managers' willingness to comply and ability to comply culminate in the new theoretical construct of Place Manager Potential. Place Manager Potential is explored to examine the extent to which it explains licensed premises place manager's creation of a compliance culture at their premises. Study two utilises data from the survey to explore how informal regulation provided by competitors and the compliance actions of the formal regulator explain place managers' decisions for controlling intoxication and violence on their premises. Finally, study three explores the relationship between Place Manager Potential and actual police recorded offences occurring at the premises of place managers who completed the survey. Results of the research demonstrate the utility of Place Manager Potential in understanding how place managers operate their premises. They also demonstrate that place managers pay close attention to the actions of competitors and regulators, with each impactin, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Crim & Crim Justice, Arts, Education and Law, Full Text

Alors que l’érosion côtière met en péril nombre de territoires littoraux, l’effet érosif du batillage, soit les modifications hydrodynamiques provenant du déplacement des bateaux, ne fait pas l’objet d’un encadrement normatif spécifique et généralisé au niveau international qui soit susceptible d’être adopté en droit interne, et ce, contrairement à d’autres impacts de la navigation, comme les déversements d’hydrocarbures. Délaissant la perspective usuelle de la gestion de l’érosion à partir du littoral, les auteurs de la présente étude comparative examinent la manière dont les droits français et canadien régulent les déplacements nautiques de façon à réduire le phénomène d’érosion des berges. Les auteurs explorent ainsi ces cadres normatifs et soulignent les liens entre une réponse appropriée environnementalement et certains facteurs, tels que la spatialité de la norme, l’harmonisation de l’interface terre-mer et l’inclusion des parties prenantes au moment de l’élaboration normative. L’exercice révèle également ces lieux juridiques où le littoral bénéficierait d’une considération supplémentaire du batillage., While many coastal areas are threatened by bank erosion, the erosive effect of wake, i.e., hydrodynamic changes caused by vessel movements, is not subject to a specific and generalized normative framework at the international level which could be incorporated into domestic law, unlike other impacts of navigation, such as oil spills. Eschewing the traditional perspective of erosion management from the shoreline, the authors of this comparative study examine how French and Canadian laws are used to regulate nautical movements so as to reduce the phenomenon of shoreline erosion. The authors explore these normative frameworks and highlight the links between an environmentally appropriate response and certain factors, such as the spatiality of the norm, the harmonization of the land-sea interface and the consultation of stakeholders when making laws. This study also reveals those legal loci where an enhanced consideration of the erosive effect of boat wake would benefit the coastline., Resumen: Aun cuando la erosión costera pone en peligro un gran numero de territorios litorales, el efecto erosivo de la acción de las olas, es decir, los cambios hidrodinámicos resultantes del desplazamiento de las embarcaciones, no es objeto de un marco normativo específico y generalizado a escala internacional que sea susceptible de ser adoptado en el derecho interno, a diferencia de otros impactos del transporte marítimo, como los derrames de petróleo. Dejando de lado la perspectiva habitual de la gestión de la erosión a partir del litoral, los autores de este estudio comparativo examinan la forma en que el derecho francés y el canadiense regulan los desplazamientos náuticos con el fin de reducir el fenómeno de erosión de las riberas. Los autores exploran estos marcos normativos y ponen de relieve los vínculos existentes entre una respuesta ambientalmente adecuada y determinados factores, como la espacialidad de la norma, la armonización de la interfaz tierra-mar y la inclusión de las partes interesadas en el momento del desarrollo normativo. El ejercicio también revela igualmente esos lugares jurídicos en los que el litoral se beneficiaría de una consideración adicional sobre la acción de las olas.

The inherent stochasticity of metabolism raises a critical question for understanding homeostasis: are cellular processes regulated in response to internal fluctuations? Here, we show that, in E. coli cells under constant external conditions, catabolic enzyme expression continuously responds to metabolic fluctuations. The underlying regulatory feedback is enabled by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP receptor protein (CRP) system, which controls catabolic enzyme expression based on metabolite concentrations. Using single-cell microscopy, genetic constructs in which this feedback is disabled, and mathematical modeling, we show how fluctuations circulate through the metabolic and genetic network at sub-cell-cycle timescales. Modeling identifies four noise propagation modes, including one specific to CRP regulation. Together, these modes correctly predict noise circulation at perturbed cAMP levels. The cAMP-CRP system may thus have evolved to control internal metabolic fluctuations in addition to external growth conditions. We conjecture that second messengers may more broadly function to achieve cellular homeostasis., BN/Sander Tans Lab

Die erste Winterfütterungsperiode nach den neuen Fütterungsrichtlinien für Wiederkäuer der Bio Suisse ist vor circa zwei Monaten gestartet. Wie sieht die erste Zwischenbilanz aus? Ist der Harnstoff dieses Jahr tiefer als auch schon? Und wie sieht es mit der Milchleistung aus?

Die erste Winterfütterungsperiode nach den neuen Fütterungsrichtlinien für Wiederkäuer der Bio Suisse ist vor circa zwei Monaten gestartet. Wie sieht die erste Zwischenbilanz aus? Ist der Harnstoff dieses Jahr tiefer als auch schon? Und wie sieht es mit der Milchleistung aus?

La Conseillère aux États Maya Graf est depuis des décennies favorable au bio. Elle attribue un rôle clé au FiBL.

La Consigliera agli Stati Maya Graf è da decenni impegnata in politica a favore del biologico. Per lei il FiBL svolge un ruolo chiave.

Knospe-Tiere sollen artgerecht und möglichst vollständig mit Knospe-Futter gefüttert werden. Das Ziel «100 % Biofutter» ist bei den Wiederkäuern, bei Pferden, Kaninchen, Zucht- und Mastschweinen sowie auch bei den älteren Tieren beim Geflügel erreicht. Ferkel und Junggeflügel dürfen noch höchstens 5 % konventionelles Futter fressen, sofern es sich dabei um Eiweisskomponenten handelt. Für Wiederkäuer besteht das gesamte Futter aus Schweizer Knospe-Anbau.

Ständerätin Maya Graf politisiert seit Jahrzehnten biofreundlich. Dem FiBL attestiert sie eine Schlüsselrolle.

Das Vorgehen für die Probenahme zur Rückstandsanalytik ist kompliziert und manche Betriebe wünschen sich zugeschnittene Hilfestellung. Der Leitfaden bietet Hilfestellung zur Probenahme für Rückstandsanalytik auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Bio-Wertschöpfungskette.

Das Vorgehen für die Probenahme zur Rückstandsanalytik ist kompliziert und manche Betriebe wünschen sich zugeschnittene Hilfestellung. Der Leitfaden bietet Hilfestellung zur Probenahme für Rückstandsanalytik auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Bio-Wertschöpfungskette.

Die erste Winterfütterungsperiode nach den neuen Fütterungsrichtlinien für Wiederkäuer der Bio Suisse ist vor circa zwei Monaten gestartet. Wie sieht die erste Zwischenbilanz aus? Ist der Harnstoff dieses Jahr tiefer als auch schon? Und wie sieht es mit der Milchleistung aus?

Knospe-Tiere sollen artgerecht und möglichst vollständig mit Knospe-Futter gefüttert werden. Das Ziel «100 % Biofutter» ist bei den Wiederkäuern, bei Pferden, Kaninchen, Zucht- und Mastschweinen sowie auch bei den älteren Tieren beim Geflügel erreicht. Ferkel und Junggeflügel dürfen noch höchstens 5 % konventionelles Futter fressen, sofern es sich dabei um Eiweisskomponenten handelt. Für Wiederkäuer besteht das gesamte Futter aus Schweizer Knospe-Anbau.

The EU and the PRC have recently introduced new regulatory standards governing specific online platforms, intermediaries, and markets. As an agenda to enhance digital governance, regulatory initiatives have been made on various frontiers governing digital services and digital markets to enhance both domestic and cross-border online transactions. These developments arguably enhance the relevance of the evolving European and Chinese regulatory frameworks as a stimulating subject for comparative law studies. The present paper examines the evolving key regulatory standards governing digital services and markets in Europe and the PRC and assesses their effectiveness in enhancing digital governance. The paper examines the specific regulations governing online platforms, intermediaries, and digital markets to determine the interests, obligations, and liabilities of key stakeholders. The paper assesses the effectiveness of newly introduced market regulatory standards to protect businesses and end users from the dominance of key online players. The paper argues the need for other key jurisdictions, including China, to rejuvenate their domestic digital regulatory framework with reference to the evolving European regulatory standards. The paper concludes with an analysis based on the key findings of the paper and points out the referential utility of the European experience for prospective legal harmonization needs.

The EU and the PRC have recently introduced new regulatory standards governing specific online platforms, intermediaries, and markets. As an agenda to enhance digital governance, regulatory initiatives have been made on various frontiers governing digital services and digital markets to enhance both domestic and cross-border online transactions. These developments arguably enhance the relevance of the evolving European and Chinese regulatory frameworks as a stimulating subject for comparative law studies. The present paper examines the evolving key regulatory standards governing digital services and markets in Europe and the PRC and assesses their effectiveness in enhancing digital governance. The paper examines the specific regulations governing online platforms, intermediaries, and digital markets to determine the interests, obligations, and liabilities of key stakeholders. The paper assesses the effectiveness of newly introduced market regulatory standards to protect businesses and end users from the dominance of key online players. The paper argues the need for other key jurisdictions, including China, to rejuvenate their domestic digital regulatory framework with reference to the evolving European regulatory standards. The paper concludes with an analysis based on the key findings of the paper and points out the referential utility of the European experience for prospective legal harmonization needs.

Knospe-Tiere sollen artgerecht und möglichst vollständig mit Knospe-Futter gefüttert werden. Das Ziel «100 % Biofutter» ist bei den Wiederkäuern, bei Pferden, Kaninchen, Zucht- und Mastschweinen sowie auch bei den älteren Tieren beim Geflügel erreicht. Ferkel und Junggeflügel dürfen noch höchstens 5 % konventionelles Futter fressen, sofern es sich dabei um Eiweisskomponenten handelt. Für Wiederkäuer besteht das gesamte Futter aus Schweizer Knospe-Anbau.

This paper analyzes how technology has transformed the compliance function. RegTech, as a subsector of the FinTech industry, was born with the objective of guaran-teeing efficiency in the compliance areas based on the optimization of processes with new technologies, such as: artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing, biomet-rics, blockchain, among others. Business scalability, flexibility facing regulatory changes, lower costs, less internal bureaucracy, are just some of the benefits generated by the im-plementation of a RegTech tool. Therefore, the interest of this paper in analyzing RegTech from different perspectives, understanding the present and the future of the sector., Este artigo analisa como a tecnologia transformou a função de compliance. Re-gTech, como subsetor da indústria FinTech, nace com o objetivo de garantir eficiência nas áreas de cumprimento a partir da otimização de processos em base a novas tecnologias, como ser: inteligência artificial, machine learning, tecnologia cloud, biometria, blockchain, entre outras. Escalabilidade do negócio, flexibilidade diante das mudanças regulatórias, redução de custos, menos burocracia interna, são apenas alguns dos muitos benefícios gerados pela implantação de uma ferramenta RegTech. Daí o interesse deste trabalho em analisar a RegTech sob diferentes óticas, compreendendo o presente e o futuro do setor., El presente trabajo analiza de qué manera la tecnología ha transformado la función de compliance. RegTech, como subsector de la industria FinTech, nace con el objetivo de garantizar eficiencia en las áreas de cumplimiento a partir de la optimización de procesos en base a nuevas tecnologías, como ser: inteligencia artificial, machine learning, cloud computing, biometría, blockchain, entre otras. Escalabilidad de los negocios, flexibilidad ante los cambios regulatorios, menores costos, menor burocracia interna, son sólo algunos de los tantos beneficios generados por la implementación de una herramienta RegTech. De allí el interés de este trabajo en analizar al RegTech desde diferentes perspectivas, en-tendiendo la actualidad y el futuro del sector.

In this paper, we once again analyze the challenges that influencers pose to us, but from a point of view limited to their relationship with communication and adver-tising, regulated both by the European standard and by the recently published Spanish General Law of Audiovisual Communication. The foregoing without failing to analyze the legal challenges posed by the increasingly original forms of digital marketing used by these communicators, O presente trabalho, voltamos a analisar os desafios que os influenciadores nos colocam, mas desde um ponto de vista limitado à sua relação com a comunicação e a publicidade, regulada tanto pela norma europeia como pela recém publicada Lei Geral da Comunicação Audiovisual espanhola. O anterior sem deixar de analisar os desafios jurídicos colocadas pelas formas cada vez mais originais de marketing digital utilizadas por estes comunicadores., En este trabajo, nuevamente analizamos los desafíos que nos plantean los influencers, pero desde un punto de vista acotado a su relación con la comunicación y publicidad, reguladas tanto por la norma europea como por la recientemente publicada Ley General de Comunicación Audiovisual española. Lo anterior sin dejar de analizar los desafíos jurídicos que nos plantean las cada vez más originales formas de marketing digital utilizados por estos comunicadores.

One of the greatest challenges in the domain of emotional regulation is comprehending the functionality of strategies and their utilization in various social contexts. In this sense, this study analyzes differences in the use and efficacy of regulation strategies, particularly of interpersonal strategies like altruism, social support, negotiation, mediation, regulation, and rituals, in samples of workers (N = 687) and students (N = 959) from Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Spain, and Uruguay, and athletes (N =144) from Spain. Participants answered questions pertaining to measures of affect or emotional regulation (MARS and ERQ self-regulation scales and EROS heteroregulation), as well as questions of a wellbeing scale (PHI) and questions related to emotional creativity (ECI), humor styles (HSQ), and adjustment to stress. Athletes reported less emotional discharge, use of humor, and affection, and greater confrontation and use of rituals than students and workers. A congruent relationship was found between the use of functional strategies (like direct coping, distraction, reevaluation, and active physiological regulation) and adjustment to stress, well-being, and creativity. Seeking social support, negotiation, and, to an extent, altruism, confirmed their predicted adaptive character. Mediation and delegation did not confirm their predicted adaptive character. Rumination, social comparison, rituals, confrontation, and suppression were maladaptive for workers and students, but the first four strategies were functional for athletes, who display a higher self-control and a more team-oriented and competitive emotional culture. Finally, the results show that adaptive regulation strategies mediate the relationship between well-being and adjustment to stress.

In this dissertation, I seek to contribute to the critical legal studies on international law and colonialism. I will focus my analysis on the Agreement signed between Argentina and the IMF in July 2018. This Agreement has been strongly criticized for being contrary to the institution's regulations, and for supporting a political party’s presidential electoral chances in 2019. I will use this Agreement as a case study to argue that international law legitimizes and reproduces neocolonial relations between Global North and Global South states. Thus, this dissertation is guided by the following questions: What role does international law play in regulating relations between states in the Global North and Global South? And how do transnational actors manage to impose their private interests and reflect them into public policies? From a postcolonial and poststructuralist understanding of law and power, I will refer to Enrique Mari’s body of work, especially to his concept of law as a part of a dispositif that legitimizes and reproduces power relations. I will further highlight the “colonial legacies” of modern law. That is, during the last centuries, law has evolved pierced by a political and social context of colonial expansion, and it has adopted the strategic function of legitimizing these relations. The legal discourses reflect an ideology that aims to perpetuate dynamics of power and dominance that favor Global North states, transnational private actors, and local elites. In this context, the International Monetary Fund played a key role since the 1970s in imposing neoliberal policies to Global South states, promoting transnational governance, and reducing local sovereignty. The rulemakers’ role was then adopted by private actors, according to their own interests. The consequence of this process was the privatization of democracy. The case study will be helpful to observe how this process takes place in the Argentinian context of the 21st century. I aim to reveal h

leading to multi-faceted ecological, economic and health impacts worldwide. The Iberian Peninsula comprises an exceptionally biodiverse Mediterranean region with a high number of threatened and endemic aquatic species, most of them strongly impacted by biological invasions. Following a structured approach that combines a systematic review of available information and expert opinion, we provide a comprehensive and updated multi-taxa inventory of aquatic NIS (fungi, macroalgae, vascular plants, invertebrates and vertebrates) in Iberian inland waters. Moreover, we assess overall patterns in the establishment status, introduction pathways, native range and temporal introduction trends of listed NIS. In addition, we discuss the legal coverage provided by both national (Spanish and Portuguese) and European NIS regulations. We inventoried 326 aquatic NIS in Iberian inland waters, including 215 established, 96 with uncertain establishment status and 15 cryptogenic taxa. Invertebrates (54.6%) and vertebrates (24.5%) were the groups with the highest number of NIS, with Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata being the most represented phyla. Recorded NIS originated from diverse geographic regions, with North and South America being the most frequent. Vertebrates and vascular plants were mostly introduced through intentional pathways (i.e. release and escape), whereas invertebrates and macroalgae arrived mostly through unintentional ways (i.e. contaminant or stowaway). Most of the recorded NIS were introduced in Iberian inland waters over the second half of the 20th century, with a high number of NIS introductions being reported in the 2000s. While only 8% of the recorded NIS appear in the European Union list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern, around 25% are listed in the Spanish and Portuguese NIS regulations. This study provides the most updated checklist of Iberian aquatic NIS, meeting the requirements set by the EU regulation and providing a baseline for the evaluation

Das Vorgehen für die Probenahme zur Rückstandsanalytik ist kompliziert und manche Betriebe wünschen sich zugeschnittene Hilfestellung. Der Leitfaden bietet Hilfestellung zur Probenahme für Rückstandsanalytik auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen der Bio-Wertschöpfungskette.

The practice of locked coercive care of children occupies a unique position in the Swedish welfare state. It is one of the most intrusive interventions into private life the State can practise, and the only welfare intervention that involves the use of coercion: firstly, through the involuntary placement of a child in a locked institution, and secondly, through the use of coercive measures, such as placement in isolation cells, body searches and restrictions on the use of mobile phones or internet. It is justified on the grounds that it is an act of protection and that the state has the ability to improve the child's life, but is repeatedly criticised for exposing children to neglect, violations and violence. This dissertation examines the translation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) into coercive care legislation as a regulatory response to the above-mentioned issues. The turn to universal rights as a way to solve complex problems at a local level often results in unintended problem formulations and tensions. In this case, the translation of the CRC into national coercive care legislation actualises a tension between lawful use of coercion in order to ensure children a safe and secure care, and demands on respecting children as autonomous subjects of rights. This study specifically addresses how this tension is articulated and negotiated in the translation process. Through an analysis of official documents, interviews with Members of Parliament and audit inspectors, the study highlights an overreliance in the CRC and the translation process as means to address issues of neglect, violations, and violence within locked coercive care. It raises awareness of how children’s rights function as strategies of power, used to legitimise increased coercion, discipline and control. Further, it illustrates how children’s individual rights are expected to regulate the welfare state’s use of coercion, and discusses how this results in increased demands on ho

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a technological upheaval with the potential to change human society. Because of its transformative potential, AI is increasingly becoming subject to regulatory initiatives at the global level. Yet, so far, scholarship in political science and international relations has focused more on AI applications than on the emerging architecture of global AI regulation. The purpose of this article is to outline an agenda for research into the global governance of AI. The article distinguishes between two broad perspectives: an empirical approach, aimed at mapping and explaining global AI governance; and a normative approach, aimed at developing and applying standards for appropriate global AI governance. The two approaches offer questions, concepts, and theories that are helpful in gaining an understanding of the emerging global governance of AI. Conversely, exploring AI as a regulatory issue offers a critical opportunity to refine existing general approaches to the study of global governance., La inteligencia artificial (IA) representa una revolución tecnológica que tiene el potencial de poder cambiar la sociedad humana. Debido a este potencial transformador, la IA está cada vez más sujeta a iniciativas reguladoras a nivel global. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, el mundo académico en el área de las ciencias políticas y las relaciones internacionales se ha centrado más en las aplicaciones de la IA que en la arquitectura emergente de la regulación global en materia de IA. El propósito de este artículo es esbozar una agenda para la investigación sobre la gobernanza global en materia de IA. El artículo distingue entre dos amplias perspectivas: por un lado, un enfoque empírico, destinado a mapear y explicar la gobernanza global en materia de IA y, por otro lado, un enfoque normativo, destinado a desarrollar y a aplicar normas para una gobernanza global adecuada de la IA. Los dos enfoques ofrecen preguntas, conceptos y teorías que resultan útiles para comprender la gobernanza global emergente en materia de IA. Por el contrario, el hecho de estudiar la IA como si fuese una cuestión reguladora nos ofrece una oportunidad de gran relevancia para poder perfeccionar los enfoques generales existentes en el estudio de la gobernanza global., L'intelligence artificielle (IA) constitue un bouleversement technologique qui pourrait bien changer la société humaine. À cause de son potentiel transformateur, l'IA fait de plus en plus l'objet d'initiatives réglementaires au niveau mondial. Pourtant, jusqu'ici, les chercheurs en sciences politiques et relations internationales se sont davantage concentrés sur les applications de l'IA que sur l’émergence de l'architecture de la réglementation mondiale de l'IA. Cet article vise à exposer les grandes lignes d'un programme de recherche sur la gouvernance mondiale de l'IA. Il fait la distinction entre deux perspectives larges : une approche empirique, qui vise à représenter et expliquer la gouvernance mondiale de l'IA; et une approche normative, qui vise à mettre au point et appliquer les normes d'une gouvernance mondiale de l'IA adéquate. Les deux approches proposent des questions, des concepts et des théories qui permettent de mieux comprendre l’émergence de la gouvernance mondiale de l'IA. À l'inverse, envisager l'IA telle une problématique réglementaire présente une opportunité critique d'affiner les approches générales existantes de l’étude de la gouvernance mondiale.

The practice of locked coercive care of children occupies a unique position in the Swedish welfare state. It is one of the most intrusive interventions into private life the State can practise, and the only welfare intervention that involves the use of coercion: firstly, through the involuntary placement of a child in a locked institution, and secondly, through the use of coercive measures, such as placement in isolation cells, body searches and restrictions on the use of mobile phones or internet. It is justified on the grounds that it is an act of protection and that the state has the ability to improve the child's life, but is repeatedly criticised for exposing children to neglect, violations and violence. This dissertation examines the translation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) into coercive care legislation as a regulatory response to the above-mentioned issues. The turn to universal rights as a way to solve complex problems at a local level often results in unintended problem formulations and tensions. In this case, the translation of the CRC into national coercive care legislation actualises a tension between lawful use of coercion in order to ensure children a safe and secure care, and demands on respecting children as autonomous subjects of rights. This study specifically addresses how this tension is articulated and negotiated in the translation process. Through an analysis of official documents, interviews with Members of Parliament and audit inspectors, the study highlights an overreliance in the CRC and the translation process as means to address issues of neglect, violations, and violence within locked coercive care. It raises awareness of how children’s rights function as strategies of power, used to legitimise increased coercion, discipline and control. Further, it illustrates how children’s individual rights are expected to regulate the welfare state’s use of coercion, and discusses how this results in increased demands on ho

This article advances the analysis on how the covered bond, a financial instrument specialized for mortgage lending, contributes to household financialization. By providing financial systems with relatively safe debt instruments and letting banks to efficaciously draw credit on international debt markets, ‘…covered bonds allow banks to lend not only more, but also more safely’ (European Commission, 2018). Zooming in on Sweden, one of Europe’s most financialized economies, the article explores why and how covered bonds were institutionalized and how the instrument has affected mortgage lending, securitization and Sweden’s overall financial system. The covered bond concept was imported by Swedish lobbyists via a European banking forum in the late 1980s. While covered bond legislation were temporarily vetoed by central bankers, instead preferring an advanced securitization industry to develop, lengthy bank lobbying and overall developments in Europe’s political economy convinced policymakers that covered bond legislation was essential to avoid deteriorating financial market competition vis-à-vis other EU member states. All in all, covered bonds have on the one hand halted securitization to develop in Sweden. Meanwhile, by increasing the credit supply, covered bonds have on the other hand proved to be an efficient instrument for household financialization.

This thesis embarks on a journey to investigate the discourse contained within the policy documents examined by utilizing the topic modeling technique labeled Latent Dirichlet Allocation. The aforementioned investigation will be conducted through the theoretical lens of Systems Theory and Discourse Analysis Theory. The thesis aims to identify the core constituents, form a consensus and enrich the scientific communities’ understanding regarding how these core constituents alongside the discourse contained within the policy documents shape the overall landscape of AI governance in continental Europe. Furthermore, prior to an in depth investigation of the methods and theoretical frameworks mentioned above commences, an introduction is presented to give additional insight to the background of AI & the problem formulation. The results of this study reveal 8 inferred themes. These inferred themes are then thoroughly discussed in alignment with the principles and concepts set forth by the theoretical frameworks. The thesis then provides a conclusive penultimate subchapter that encapsulates the key points and directly addresses the research question before highlighting possible future research opportunities.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in securing a more sustainable livelihood for the world's growing population. An expanded cultivation of multifunctional and environmentally smart crops like industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) can thus be part of the solution in meeting the increasingly high demands of sustainable development. However, earlier research indicates that the global cultivation of industrial hemp is hindered, and that hemp is an underutilized resource relative to its potential benefits. During the 20th century hemp cultivation was banned in large parts of the world. Sweden lifted the ban in 2003, later than most other European countries. In 2017, Swedish hemp cultivation was by far one of the smallest in the European Union. This study thus aims to analyze the position of industrial hemp in Sweden – by using the theoretical framework of political ecology – to investigate which social and societal structures and processes that dictates the access to and the control of industrial hemp in Sweden today. A historical analysis of power relations as well as ideological and cultural contexts – with significance for the cultivation of hemp – is done to make the relationship between Cannabis sativa L. and Swedish society appear more clearly. The material for the analysis has been collected through a literature search and qualitative method using in-depth interviews with Swedish authorities and a national hemp association. The study discusses the relationship between hemp and human society, which is found to be characterized by a complex interconnectedness. Furthermore, the study shows that Swedish industrial hemp production is negatively affected by, among other things, cultivation bans, strict regulations, government controls, drug conservatism, and group as well as state conformity. Through a more progressive policy, industrial hemp is expected to become a positive contributing factor to reduced greenhouse gas emissions and to a growing fossil-free

The insights from the 2008 financial crisis were that the banking sector was in need of change of regulation. The period from 2008 and onwards has involved several changes, of which capital requirements, MREL requirements and the resolution tool are three main regulations which have been introduced. The question being asked is whether we are now in a new macroeconomic regime, or whether the previous market regime which still prevails. To answer the question, the regulation that was added after 2008 is examined, as well as how these have motivated strengthening financial stability. The empirical evidence underlying the analysis consists of documents published by relevant authorities acting or working with regulation and/or supervision of the financial sector. The study has been carried out via an idea analysis where empirical ideas are used to answer the question of which macroeconomic regime currently prevails. The former regime is referred to as the market regime and is characterized by a belief in efficient markets through deregulation, independent central banks and a belief in a free market as the key to financial development. The regime that emerges shows both similarities and differences with the market regime. The fundamental political ideology that prevailed under the previous regime persists even today, but at the same time there are indications of a breaking point in the regime. Today's regime is more restrictive and the view of responsibility has clearly changed. Market regime thus still prevails but in a new guise, which was named neo-market regime to describe the differences between the period before 2008 and the period after.

leading to multi-faceted ecological, economic and health impacts worldwide. The Iberian Peninsula comprises an exceptionally biodiverse Mediterranean region with a high number of threatened and endemic aquatic species, most of them strongly impacted by biological invasions. Following a structured approach that combines a systematic review of available information and expert opinion, we provide a comprehensive and updated multi-taxa inventory of aquatic NIS (fungi, macroalgae, vascular plants, invertebrates and vertebrates) in Iberian inland waters. Moreover, we assess overall patterns in the establishment status, introduction pathways, native range and temporal introduction trends of listed NIS. In addition, we discuss the legal coverage provided by both national (Spanish and Portuguese) and European NIS regulations. We inventoried 326 aquatic NIS in Iberian inland waters, including 215 established, 96 with uncertain establishment status and 15 cryptogenic taxa. Invertebrates (54.6%) and vertebrates (24.5%) were the groups with the highest number of NIS, with Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata being the most represented phyla. Recorded NIS originated from diverse geographic regions, with North and South America being the most frequent. Vertebrates and vascular plants were mostly introduced through intentional pathways (i.e. release and escape), whereas invertebrates and macroalgae arrived mostly through unintentional ways (i.e. contaminant or stowaway). Most of the recorded NIS were introduced in Iberian inland waters over the second half of the 20th century, with a high number of NIS introductions being reported in the 2000s. While only 8% of the recorded NIS appear in the European Union list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern, around 25% are listed in the Spanish and Portuguese NIS regulations. This study provides the most updated checklist of Iberian aquatic NIS, meeting the requirements set by the EU regulation and providing a baseline for the evaluation

Firm-level bribery and regulation are two of the many determinants of firm performance. However, most of the existing studies examine the direct and linear effects of bribery and regulation and overlook their indirect effects. Using firm-level data, covering 20,343 firms in 78 developing countries, and employing a threshold model, the effects of firm performance’s standard determinants vary based on the bribery and regulation levels. Our findings reveal that the impact of bribery and regulation on firm performance varies significantly depending on corruption and regulation levels. Access to external finance improves firm performance if and only if the firms are exposed to bribes and firm-level regulation is below a given threshold. Furthermore, exports boost the performance of the firms that are exposed to more bribery and spend more time with regulation than those that face lower levels of regulation and bribery. While bribery harms firm performance, our findings reveal that spending time with regulation could improve firm performance if firms are exposed to low levels of bribery. Our findings confirm the ‘sand the wheels’ hypothesis and limiting firm-level bribery improves firm performance.

Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS), leading to multi-faceted ecological, economic and health impacts worldwide. The Iberian Peninsula comprises an exceptionally biodiverse Mediterranean region with a high number of threatened and endemic aquatic species, most of them strongly impacted by biological invasions. Following a structured approach that combines a systematic review of available information and expert opinion, we provide a comprehensive and updated multi-taxa inventory of aquatic NIS (fungi, macroalgae, vascular plants, invertebrates and vertebrates) in Iberian inland waters. Moreover, we assess overall patterns in the establishment status, introduction pathways, native range and temporal introduction trends of listed NIS. In addition, we discuss the legal coverage provided by both national (Spanish and Portuguese) and European NIS regulations. We inventoried 326 aquatic NIS in Iberian inland waters, including 215 established, 96 with uncertain establishment status and 15 cryptogenic taxa. Invertebrates (54.6%) and vertebrates (24.5%) were the groups with the highest number of NIS, with Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata being the most represented phyla. Recorded NIS originated from diverse geographic regions, with North and South America being the most frequent. Vertebrates and vascular plants were mostly introduced through intentional pathways (i.e. release and escape), whereas invertebrates and macroalgae arrived mostly through unintentional ways (i.e. contaminant or stowaway). Most of the recorded NIS were introduced in Iberian inland waters over the second half of the 20th century, with a high number of NIS introductions being reported in the 2000s. While only 8% of the recorded NIS appear in the European Union list of Invasive Alien Species of Union concern, around 25% are listed in the Spanish and Portuguese NIS regulations. This study provides the most updated checklist of Iberian aquati

This brief presents an improved single-controllermultiple-output (SCMO) digital LDO regulating four separate outputs with only one digital controller. The shared digital controller employs a priority-time-multiplexing scheme for optimal performance. The area of the digital controller is reduced by 25% compared to the sum of four separate controllers. Deadzone control is utilized to save quiescent power during steady state. Two 2-level comparators are employed to generate a 4-bit signal with minimum quiescent current. Clamping loops are also implemented to reduce the undershoot/overshoot. This SCMO digital LDO is verified in a 65-nm CMOS process. There is no cross regulation, and the proposed priority-time-multiplexing scheme ensures an efficient assignment of clock cycles to the most needed output. IEEE

Many plant diseases and pests cannot be controlled on-farm as they spread from one field or region to another. This opens up a series of interconnected social, political, and economic questions besides the common technical questions about the spread, impact and management of the disease or pest. A new genotype of the soil-born fungus Fusarium, called Tropical Race 4, is extremely virulent, widely destroying banana crops destined for domestic and international markets, and spreading rapidly in Southeast Asia and recently to other countries in the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America. It threatens both staple food production and the export of bananas. The international research and policy-making communities on bananas have been alarmed and are calling for concerted action to control this disease. This paper supports the idea that Fusarium wilt control has to be regarded as a public good but also finds that the public good is being conceptualized in divergent ways. It raises the question as to what gaps exist in the current understanding of providing that public good. The paper identifies a set of key problems, including the problem of anticipation by governments, a neglect of histories of political economic oppositions in the banana sector, the strictures of sovereignty-thinking in multilateral responses, and the aversion that neo-liberal models of governance develop to the public good.

Impact Summary Prior State of Knowledge: Young Swiss people consume news via their smartphones, which are offered to them through news portals, various apps, or via social media feeds, on which they usually come across news by chance and consume it casually in their free time. Novel Contributions: Structural factors of media environments (i.e., access, regulation, and news consumption routines) play a major role in young people’s news consumption. These structural factors can be influenced by parents, teachers, and peers. Practical Implications: For schools in particular, the paradigm that emerges from these findings is to reduce barriers to accessing news content and to rethink certain regulations, and to make recommendations and establish routines that encourage young people to consume news., Several media studies have investigated the news consumption of young people and discussed where they get information and what motivates them to consume news. Little is known about the structural factors that influence young people’s news consumption behavior. The aim of this paper is to fill this research gap by focusing on structural factors that play a major role in young people’s news consumption. In a mixed-methods study, we investigated Swiss youth media behavior in news consumption from 2019 to 2020 in Switzerland. The results show that news consumption of people aged 12–20 is determined by three structural factors at home and outside: 1. access to media and internet; 2. regulation by parents and teachers, and 3. routines at home or school. These three factors shape the individual media environment and are related to young people’s news consumption behavior. Changes in news consumption behavior were evident in school transitions where young people not only change teachers and get a new peer group but are often involved in a change of location. These changes can be normative transitions which have an influence on the structural factors of the individual media environment and thus influence the news consumption behavior of young people.

The recent worldwide introduction of RemoteID (RID) regulations forces all unmanned aircrafts (UAs), also known as drones, to broadcast in plaintext on the wireless channel their identity and real-time location, for accounting and monitoring purposes. Although improving drones' monitoring and situational awareness, the RID rule also generates significant privacy concerns for UAs' operators, threatened by the ease of tracking of UAs and related confidentiality and privacy concerns connected with the broadcasting of plaintext identity information. In this article, we propose anonymous direct authentication and remote identification (A2RID), a protocol suite for A2RID of heterogeneous commercial UAs. 2RID integrates and adapts protocols for anonymous message signing to work in the UA domain, coping with the constraints of commercial drones and the tight real-time requirements imposed by the RID regulation. Overall, the protocols in the 2RID suite allow a UA manufacturer to pick the configuration that best suits the capabilities and constraints of the drone, i.e., either a processing-intensive but memory-lightweight solution (namely, CS-2RID) or a computationally friendly but memory-hungry approach (namely, DS-2RID). Besides formally defining the protocols and formally proving their security in our setting, we also implement and test them on real heterogeneous hardware platforms, i.e., the Holybro X-500 and the ESPcopter, releasing open-source the produced code. For all the protocols, we demonstrated experimentally the capability of generating anonymous RemoteID messages well below the time bound of 1 s required by RID, while at the same time having quite a limited impact on the energy budget of the drone.

The purpose of this work was focused on characterizing the value of the general law of land transportation in the inhabitants of Huanta, Ayacucho, Peru. The research corresponds to a quantitative method. (Héctor Cárcamo Vásquez, 2009) This law decrees the general, organizational and regulatory orientation of land transportation that governs the entire Peruvian territory (Palma, 2022). General Law of Land Transportation and Transit N. 27181, incorporated by Emergency Decree N. 019-2020, 4-A-1 establishes various obstacles for certain natural and legal persons to obtain authorized domain rights for the assistance of transportation or auxiliary services while the interference would be justified in the protection of the referred constitutional rights (Chafloque Tullume, 2022). Transportation in Peru is governed under free market principles, with legal facilities for permits and services under Law No. 27181, which establishes the general economic, organizational and regulatory criteria for road transportation and transit and applies throughout the territory of the Republic. The transporter, complying with regulatory requirements such as safety, technical condition of the vehicle, without monopolization or price standardization, has the opportunity to access, with prior authorization, on non-saturated roads, according to the services provided that are in areas or roads classified as saturated (Risco, 2020). So one of the criticisms to the people of Huanta is that they should put into practice the good management of the general transportation regulations, in order to stop committing accidents due to the same recklessness of the driver., El propósito de este trabajo fue centrado en caracterizar la puesta en valor de la ley general de transporte terrestre en los pobladores de Huanta, Ayacucho, Perú. La investigación corresponde a un método cuantitativo. (Héctor Cárcamo Vásquez, 2009) La presente Ley decreta la orientación general, organizacional y reglamentaria del transporte terrestre que rige en todo el territorio peruano (Palma, 2022). Ley general de transporte y tránsito terrestre N. 27181, incorporada por decreto de urgencia N. 019-2020, 4-A-1 establece diversos obstáculos para que ciertas personas naturales y jurídicas obtengan derechos de dominio autorizados para la asistencia de servicios de transporte o auxiliares mientras la injerencia estaría justificada en la protección de los referidos derechos constitucionales (Chafloque Tullume, 2022). El transporte en el Perú se rige bajo los principios del libre mercado, con facilidades legales para permisos y servicios de Ley N° 27181, que establece los criterios económicos, organizativos y normativos generales del transporte y tránsito por carretera y se aplica en todo el territorio de la República. El transportista, cumpliendo los requisitos reglamentarios como seguridad, estado técnico del vehículo, sin monopolización o estandarización de precios, tiene la oportunidad de acceder, previa autorización, en vías no saturadas, de acuerdo con los servicios prestados que son en zonas o caminos clasificados como saturados (Risco, 2020). Entonces una de las críticas hacia los pobladores huantinos es que puedan poner en práctica el buen manejo del reglamento general de transporte, para así dejar de estar cometiendo accidentes por la misma imprudencia del conductor.