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1. Propagule size and sex ratio influence colonisation dynamics after introduction of a non-native lizard

Author

Fargevieille, Amélie, Reedy, Aaron M., Kahrl, Ariel F., Mitchell, Timothy S., Durso, Andrew M., Delaney, David M., Pearson, Phillip R., Cox, Robert M., Warner, Daniel A., Fargevieille, Amélie, Reedy, Aaron M., Kahrl, Ariel F., Mitchell, Timothy S., Durso, Andrew M., Delaney, David M., Pearson, Phillip R., Cox, Robert M., and Warner, Daniel A.

Abstract

The composition of founding populations plays an important role in colonisation dynamics and can influence population growth during early stages of biological invasion. Specifically, founding populations with small propagules (i.e. low number of founders) are vulnerable to the Allee effect and have reduced likelihood of establishment compared to those with large propagules. The founding sex ratio can also impact establishment via its influence on mating success and offspring production. Our goal was to test the effects of propagule size and sex ratio on offspring production and annual population growth following introductions of a non-native lizard species (Anolis sagrei). We manipulated propagule composition on nine small islands, then examined offspring production, population growth and survival rate of founders and their descendants encompassing three generations. By the third reproductive season, per capita offspring production was higher on islands seeded with a relatively large propagule size, but population growth was not associated with propagule size. Propagule sex ratio did not affect offspring production, but populations with a female-biased propagule had positive growth, whereas those with a male-biased propagule had negative growth in the first year. Populations were not affected by propagule sex ratio in subsequent years, possibly due to rapid shifts towards balanced (or slightly female biased) population sex ratios. Overall, we show that different components of population fitness have different responses to propagule size and sex ratio in ways that could affect early stages of biological invasion. Despite these effects, the short life span and high fecundity of A. sagrei likely helped small populations to overcome Allee effects and enabled all populations to successfully establish. Our rare experimental manipulation of propagule size and sex ratio can inform predictions of colonisation dynamics in response to different compositions of founding populat

Published
2022
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2. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author

Reinke, Beth A., Cayuela, Hugo, Janzen, Fredric J., Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lawing, A. Michelle, Iverson, John B., Christiansen, Ditte G., Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rose, Francis L., Nelson, Nicola, Keall, Susan, Crivelli, Alain J., Nazirides, Theodoros, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, Henle, Klaus, Mori, Emiliano, Guiller, Gaëtan, Homan, Rebecca, Olivier, Anthony, Muths, Erin, Hossack, Blake R., Bonnet, Xavier, Pilliod, David S., Lettink, Marieke, Whitaker, Tony, Schmidt, Benedikt R., Gardner, Michael G., Cheylan, Marc, Poitevin, Françoise, Golubović, Ana, Tomović, Ljiljana, Arsovski, Dragan, Griffiths, Richard A., Arntzen, Jan W., Baron, Jean-Pierre, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Tully, Thomas, Luiselli, Luca, Capula, Massimo, Rugiero, Lorenzo, McCaffery, Rebecca, Eby, Lisa A., Briggs-Gonzalez, Venetia, Mazzotti, Frank, Pearson, David, Lambert, Brad A., Green, David M., Jreidini, Nathalie, Angelini, Claudio, Pyke, Graham, Thirion, Jean-Marc, Joly, Pierre, Léna, Jean-Paul, Tucker, Anton D., Limpus, Col, Priol, Pauline, Besnard, Aurélien, Bernard, Pauline, Stanford, Kristin, King, Richard, Garwood, Justin, Bosch, Jaime, Souza, Franco L., Bertoluci, Jaime, Famelli, Shirley, Grossenbacher, Kurt, Lenzi, Omar, Matthews, Kathleen, Boitaud, Sylvain, Olson, Deanna H., Jessop, Tim S., Gillespie, Graeme R., Clobert, Jean, Richard, Murielle, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Fellers, Gary M., Kleeman, Patrick M., Halstead, Brian J., Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Byrne, Phillip G., Frétey, Thierry, Le Garff, Bernard, Levionnois, Pauline, Maerz, John C., Pichenot, Julian, Olgun, Kurtuluş, Üzüm, Nazan, Avcı, Aziz, Miaud, Claude, Elmberg, Johan, Brown, Gregory P., Shine, Richard, Bendik, Nathan F., O’Donnell, Lisa, Davis, Courtney L., Lannoo, Michael J., Stiles, Rochelle M., Cox, Robert M., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Bonnaire, Eric, Grayson, Kristine, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, Baskale, Eyup, Muñoz, David, Measey, John, de Villiers, F. Andre, Selman, Will, Ronget, Victor, Bronikowski, Anne M., Miller, David A. W., Reinke, Beth A., Cayuela, Hugo, Janzen, Fredric J., Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lawing, A. Michelle, Iverson, John B., Christiansen, Ditte G., Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rose, Francis L., Nelson, Nicola, Keall, Susan, Crivelli, Alain J., Nazirides, Theodoros, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, Henle, Klaus, Mori, Emiliano, Guiller, Gaëtan, Homan, Rebecca, Olivier, Anthony, Muths, Erin, Hossack, Blake R., Bonnet, Xavier, Pilliod, David S., Lettink, Marieke, Whitaker, Tony, Schmidt, Benedikt R., Gardner, Michael G., Cheylan, Marc, Poitevin, Françoise, Golubović, Ana, Tomović, Ljiljana, Arsovski, Dragan, Griffiths, Richard A., Arntzen, Jan W., Baron, Jean-Pierre, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Tully, Thomas, Luiselli, Luca, Capula, Massimo, Rugiero, Lorenzo, McCaffery, Rebecca, Eby, Lisa A., Briggs-Gonzalez, Venetia, Mazzotti, Frank, Pearson, David, Lambert, Brad A., Green, David M., Jreidini, Nathalie, Angelini, Claudio, Pyke, Graham, Thirion, Jean-Marc, Joly, Pierre, Léna, Jean-Paul, Tucker, Anton D., Limpus, Col, Priol, Pauline, Besnard, Aurélien, Bernard, Pauline, Stanford, Kristin, King, Richard, Garwood, Justin, Bosch, Jaime, Souza, Franco L., Bertoluci, Jaime, Famelli, Shirley, Grossenbacher, Kurt, Lenzi, Omar, Matthews, Kathleen, Boitaud, Sylvain, Olson, Deanna H., Jessop, Tim S., Gillespie, Graeme R., Clobert, Jean, Richard, Murielle, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Fellers, Gary M., Kleeman, Patrick M., Halstead, Brian J., Grant, Evan H. Campbell, Byrne, Phillip G., Frétey, Thierry, Le Garff, Bernard, Levionnois, Pauline, Maerz, John C., Pichenot, Julian, Olgun, Kurtuluş, Üzüm, Nazan, Avcı, Aziz, Miaud, Claude, Elmberg, Johan, Brown, Gregory P., Shine, Richard, Bendik, Nathan F., O’Donnell, Lisa, Davis, Courtney L., Lannoo, Michael J., Stiles, Rochelle M., Cox, Robert M., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Bonnaire, Eric, Grayson, Kristine, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, Baskale, Eyup, Muñoz, David, Measey, John, de Villiers, F. Andre, Selman, Will, Ronget, Victor, Bronikowski, Anne M., and Miller, David A. W.

Abstract

Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging, yet ectothermic tetrapods are under-represented in this comparative landscape despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We provide the first comprehensive study of aging rates and longevity across tetrapod ectotherms in the wild, utilizing data from 107 populations across 77 species of reptiles and amphibians. We tested hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life contribute to aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms displayed a higher diversity of aging rates than endotherms, and included many groups with negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history tactics further explained macroevolutionary patterns of aging. By including ectothermic tetrapods, our comparative analyses enhance our understanding of aging evolution.

Published
2022

3. Diverse aging rates in ectothermic tetrapods provide insights for the evolution of aging and longevity

Author

Reinke, Beth A., Cayuela, Hugo, Janzen, Fredric J., Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lawing, A. Michelle, Iverson, John B., Christiansen, Ditte G., Martínez-Solano, Íñigo, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rose, Francis L., Nelson, Nicola, Keall, Susan, Crivelli, Alain J., Nazirides, Theodoros, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, Henle, Kalus, Mori, Emiliano, Guiller, Gaëtan, Homan, Rebecca, Olivier, Anothony, Muths, Erin, Hossack, Blake R., Bonnet, Xavier, Pilliod, David S., Lettink, Marieke, Whitaker, Tony, Schmidt, Benedikt R., Gardner, Michael G., Cheylan, Marc, Poitevin, Françoise, Golubovic, Ana, Tomovic, Ljiljana, Arsovski, Dragan, Griffiths, Richard A., Arntzen, Jan W., Baron. Jean-Pierre, Le Galliard, Jean-Françoise, Tully, Thomas, Luiselli, Luca, Capula, Massimo, Rugiero, Lorenzo, Mccaffery, Rebecca, Eby, Lisa A., Briggs-González, Venetia, Mazzotti, Frank, Pearson, David, Lambert, Brad A., Green, David M., Jreidini, Nathalie, Angelini, Claudio, Pyke, Graham, Thirion, Jean-Marc, Joly, Pierre, Léna, Jean-Paul, Tucker, Anton D., Limpus, Col, Priol, Pauline, Besnard, Aurélien, Bernard, Pauline, Stanfor, Kristin, King, Richard, Garwood, Justin, Bosch, Jaime, Souza, Franco L., Bertoluci, Jaime, Famelli, Shirley, Grossenbacher, Kurt, Lenzi, Omar, Matthews, Kathleen, Boitaud, Sylvain, Olson, Deanna H., Jessop, Tim S., Gillespie, Graeme R., Clobert, Jean, Richard, Murielle, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Fellers, Gary M., Kleeman, Patrick M., Halstead, Brian J., Campbell Grant, Evan H., Byrne, Phillip G., Frétey, Thierry, Le Garff, Bernard, Levionnois, Pauline, Maerz, John C., Pichenot, Julian, Olgun. Kurtulus, Üzum, Nazan, Avci, Aziz, Miaud, Claude, Elmberg, Johan, Brown, Gregory P., Shine, Richard, Bendik, Nathan F., O'Donnell, Lisa, Davis, Courtney L., Lannoo, Michael J., Stiles, Rochelle M., Cox, Robert M., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Bonnaire, Eric, Grayson, Kristine, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, Baskale, Eyup, Muñoz, David, Measey, John, De Villiers, F. Andre, Selman, Will, Ronget, Victor, Bonikowski, Anne M., Miller, David A.W., Reinke, Beth A., Cayuela, Hugo, Janzen, Fredric J., Lemaître, Jean-François, Gaillard, Jean-Michel, Lawing, A. Michelle, Iverson, John B., Christiansen, Ditte G., Martínez-Solano, Íñigo, Sánchez-Montes, Gregorio, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez, Jorge, Rose, Francis L., Nelson, Nicola, Keall, Susan, Crivelli, Alain J., Nazirides, Theodoros, Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret, Henle, Kalus, Mori, Emiliano, Guiller, Gaëtan, Homan, Rebecca, Olivier, Anothony, Muths, Erin, Hossack, Blake R., Bonnet, Xavier, Pilliod, David S., Lettink, Marieke, Whitaker, Tony, Schmidt, Benedikt R., Gardner, Michael G., Cheylan, Marc, Poitevin, Françoise, Golubovic, Ana, Tomovic, Ljiljana, Arsovski, Dragan, Griffiths, Richard A., Arntzen, Jan W., Baron. Jean-Pierre, Le Galliard, Jean-Françoise, Tully, Thomas, Luiselli, Luca, Capula, Massimo, Rugiero, Lorenzo, Mccaffery, Rebecca, Eby, Lisa A., Briggs-González, Venetia, Mazzotti, Frank, Pearson, David, Lambert, Brad A., Green, David M., Jreidini, Nathalie, Angelini, Claudio, Pyke, Graham, Thirion, Jean-Marc, Joly, Pierre, Léna, Jean-Paul, Tucker, Anton D., Limpus, Col, Priol, Pauline, Besnard, Aurélien, Bernard, Pauline, Stanfor, Kristin, King, Richard, Garwood, Justin, Bosch, Jaime, Souza, Franco L., Bertoluci, Jaime, Famelli, Shirley, Grossenbacher, Kurt, Lenzi, Omar, Matthews, Kathleen, Boitaud, Sylvain, Olson, Deanna H., Jessop, Tim S., Gillespie, Graeme R., Clobert, Jean, Richard, Murielle, Valenzuela-Sánchez, Andrés, Fellers, Gary M., Kleeman, Patrick M., Halstead, Brian J., Campbell Grant, Evan H., Byrne, Phillip G., Frétey, Thierry, Le Garff, Bernard, Levionnois, Pauline, Maerz, John C., Pichenot, Julian, Olgun. Kurtulus, Üzum, Nazan, Avci, Aziz, Miaud, Claude, Elmberg, Johan, Brown, Gregory P., Shine, Richard, Bendik, Nathan F., O'Donnell, Lisa, Davis, Courtney L., Lannoo, Michael J., Stiles, Rochelle M., Cox, Robert M., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Bonnaire, Eric, Grayson, Kristine, Ramos-Targarona, Roberto, Baskale, Eyup, Muñoz, David, Measey, John, De Villiers, F. Andre, Selman, Will, Ronget, Victor, Bonikowski, Anne M., and Miller, David A.W.

Abstract

Comparative studies of mortality in the wild are necessary to understand the evolution of aging; yet, ectothermic tetrapods are underrepresented in this comparative landscape, despite their suitability for testing evolutionary hypotheses. We present a study of aging rates and longevity across wild tetrapod ectotherms, using data from 107 populations (77 species) of nonavian reptiles and amphibians. We test hypotheses of how thermoregulatory mode, environmental temperature, protective phenotypes, and pace of life history contribute to demographic aging. Controlling for phylogeny and body size, ectotherms display a higher diversity of aging rates compared with endotherms and include phylogenetically widespread evidence of negligible aging. Protective phenotypes and life-history strategies further explain macroevolutionary patterns of aging. Analyzing ectothermic tetrapods in a comparative context enhances our understanding of the evolution of aging.

Published
2022

4. Selection on Sperm Count, but Not on Sperm Morphology or Velocity, in a Wild Population of Anolis Lizards

Author

Kahrl, Ariel F., Kustra, Matthew C., Reedy, Aaron M., Bhave, Rachana S., Seears, Heidi A., Warner, Daniel A., Cox, Robert M., Kahrl, Ariel F., Kustra, Matthew C., Reedy, Aaron M., Bhave, Rachana S., Seears, Heidi A., Warner, Daniel A., and Cox, Robert M.

Abstract

Sperm competition is a widespread phenomenon that shapes male reproductive success. Ejaculates present many potential targets for postcopulatory selection (e.g., sperm morphology, count, and velocity), which are often highly correlated and potentially subject to complex multivariate selection. Although multivariate selection on ejaculate traits has been observed in laboratory experiments, it is unclear whether selection is similarly complex in wild populations, where individuals mate frequently over longer periods of time. We measured univariate and multivariate selection on sperm morphology, sperm count, and sperm velocity in a wild population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei). We conducted a mark-recapture study with genetic parentage assignment to estimate individual reproductive success. We found significant negative directional selection and negative quadratic selection on sperm count, but we did not detect directional or quadratic selection on any other sperm traits, nor did we detect correlational selection on any trait combinations. Our results may reflect pressure on males to produce many small ejaculates and mate frequently over a six-month reproductive season. This study is the first to measure multivariate selection on sperm traits in a wild population and provides an interesting contrast to experimental studies of external fertilizers, which have found complex multivariate selection on sperm phenotypes.

Published
2021
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5. Sperm morphology and count vary with fine-scale changes in local density in a wild lizard population

Author

Kustra, Matthew C., Kahrl, Ariel F., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., Cox, Robert M., Kustra, Matthew C., Kahrl, Ariel F., Reedy, Aaron M., Warner, Daniel A., and Cox, Robert M.

Abstract

Given that sperm production can be costly, theory predicts that males should optimally adjust the quantity and/or quality of their sperm in response to their social environment to maximize their paternity success. Although experiments demonstrate that males can alter their ejaculates in response to manipulations of the social environment and studies show that ejaculate traits covary with social environment across populations, it is unknown whether individual variation in sperm traits corresponds to natural variation found within wild populations. Using an island population of brown anole lizards (Anolis sagrei), we tested the prediction that sperm traits (sperm count, sperm morphology, sperm velocity) respond to natural variation in the risk of sperm competition, as inferred from the local density and operational sex ratio (OSR) of conspecifics. We found that males living in high-density areas of the island produced relatively larger sperm midpieces, smaller sperm heads, and lower sperm counts. Sperm traits were unrelated to OSR after accounting for the covariance between OSR and density. Our findings broaden the implications of sperm competition theory to intrapopulation social environment variation by showing that sperm count and sperm morphology vary with fine-scale differences in density within a single wild population.

Published
2019
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