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9,881 results on '"Ravi A"'

1. Heterosis studies and molecular characterization of three-line rice hybrids

Author: Kumar, Ravi, Kant, Ravi, Vennela, M., Varma, D. Dinesh, Kumar, Ravi, Kant, Ravi, Vennela, M., and Varma, D. Dinesh
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken at the Hybrid Rice plot of TCA, Dholi, and Muzaffarpur, and molecular analysis was conducted in the Molecular Laboratory of Postgraduate Dept. of Genetics & Plant Breeding, RPCAU, and Bihar to generate heterosis studies for 18 traits and molecular characterization using SSR markers. The experimental material comprised 31 three-line rice hybrids and 3 commercial checks evaluated in the RBD design. Among the tested varieties, Rajendra Sweta performed best in terms of grain yield per plant. Two rice hybrid genotypes, namely, IR68897A × KMR-3R and Rajendra-3A × RRR–4, exhibited superior standard heterosis over all three tests for trait grain yield per plant. By utilizing 12 primer pairs, a total of 33 shared alleles and 13 unique alleles were produced as amplified products. Among the 12 primers, seven primers were found to be comparatively informative for all nineteen hybrids and eleven parents. Only five primers, namely, MRG2894, RM515, RM520, RM538, and RM555, were able to confirm the hybridity (F1) with the respective parental lines.
Published: 2024

2. A Privacy-Preserving Unsupervised Speaker Disentanglement Method for Depression Detection from Speech.

Author: Ravi, Vijay, Ravi, Vijay, Wang, Jinhan, Flint, Jonathan, Alwan, Abeer, Ravi, Vijay, Ravi, Vijay, Wang, Jinhan, Flint, Jonathan, and Alwan, Abeer
Abstract: The proposed method focuses on speaker disentanglement in the context of depression detection from speech signals. Previous approaches require patient/speaker labels, encounter instability due to loss maximization, and introduce unnecessary parameters for adversarial domain prediction. In contrast, the proposed unsupervised approach reduces cosine similarity between latent spaces of depression and pre-trained speaker classification models. This method outperforms baseline models, matches or exceeds adversarial methods in performance, and does so without relying on speaker labels or introducing additional model parameters, leading to a reduction in model complexity. The higher the speaker de-identification score (DeID), the better the depression detection system is in masking a patients identity thereby enhancing the privacy attributes of depression detection systems. On the DAIC-WOZ dataset with ComparE16 features and an LSTM-only model, our method achieves an F1-Score of 0.776 and a DeID score of 92.87%, outperforming its adversarial counterpart which has an F1Score of 0.762 and 68.37% DeID, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that speaker-disentanglement methods are complementary to text-based approaches, and a score-level fusion with a Word2vec-based depression detection model further enhances the overall performance to an F1-Score of 0.830.
Published: 2024

3. Reviewing migraine-associated pathophysiology and its impact on elevated stroke risk.

Author: Ravi, Vikas, Ravi, Vikas, Osouli Meinagh, Sima, Bavarsad Shahripour, Reza, Ravi, Vikas, Ravi, Vikas, Osouli Meinagh, Sima, and Bavarsad Shahripour, Reza
Abstract: Migraine affects up to 20 percent of the global population and ranks as the second leading cause of disability worldwide. In parallel, ischemic stroke stands as the second leading cause of mortality and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between migraine and stroke, highlighting the role of genetic, vascular, and hormonal factors. Epidemiological evidence shows a positive association between migraine, particularly with aura, and ischemic stroke (IS), though the link to hemorrhagic stroke (HS) remains inconclusive. The shared pathophysiology between migraine and stroke includes cortical spreading depression, endothelial dysfunction, and genetic predispositions, such as mutations linked to conditions like CADASIL and MELAS. Genetic studies indicate that common loci may predispose individuals to both migraine and stroke, while biomarkers such as endothelial microparticles and inflammatory cytokines offer insights into the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, hormonal influences, particularly fluctuations in estrogen levels, significantly impact migraine pathogenesis and stroke risk, highlighting the need for tailored interventions for women. The presence of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) in migraineurs further complicates their risk profile, with device closure showing promise in reducing stroke occurrence. Furthermore, white matter lesions (WMLs) are frequently observed in migraine patients, suggesting potential cognitive and stroke risks. This review hopes to summarize the links between migraine and its associated conditions and ischemic stroke, recognizing the profound implications for clinical management strategies for both disorders. Understanding the complex relationship between migraine and ischemic stroke holds the key to navigating treatment options and preventive interventions to enhance overall patient outcomes.
Published: 2024

4. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Schumacher, A, Kyu, H, Aali, A, Abbafati, C, Abbas, J, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, M, Abbasian, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abdurehman, A, Abebe, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, T, Abeldaño Zuñiga, R, Abhilash, E, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Abreu, L, Abrha, W, Abrigo, M, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Acuna, J, Adair, T, Addo, I, Adebayo, O, Adegboye, O, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Adepoju, A, Adetunji, C, Adeyeoluwa, T, Adeyomoye, O, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adikusuma, W, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afework, A, Afolabi, A, Afraz, A, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agasthi, P, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmadzade, M, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Ajumobi, O, Akalu, G, Akara, E, Akinosoglou, K, Akkala, S, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, Al Homsi, A, Al Qadire, M, Ala, M, Aladelusi, T, AL-Ahdal, T, Alalalmeh, S, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, Z, Al-amer, R, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Aldridge, R, Alemi, S, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhabib, K, Alhalaiqa, F, Al-Hanawi, M, Ali, A, Ali, B, Ali, H, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, Z, Alian Samakkhah, S, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Aligol, M, Alimi, R, Aliyi, A, Al-Jumaily, A, Aljunid, S, Almahmeed, W, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, S, Almazan, J, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, O, Alomari, M, Alonso, N, Alqahtani, J, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Sabah, S, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvi, F, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Alzoubi, K, Amare, A, Ameyaw, E, Amhare, A, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amiri, S, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Amzat, J, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrade, P, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angappan, D, Anil, A, Anjum, A, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anuoluwa, I, Anwar, S, Anyasodor, A, Appiah, S, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, R, Arab-Zozani, M, Arafat, M, Araújo, A, Aravkin, A, Aremu, A, Ariffin, H, Aripov, T, Armocida, B, Arooj, M, Artamonov, A, Artanti, K, Arulappan, J, Aruleba, I, Aruleba, R, Arumugam, A, Asaad, M, Asgary, S, Ashemo, M, Ashraf, M, Asika, M, Athari, S, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Attia, S, Aujayeb, A, Avan, A, Awotidebe, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, G, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Ayyoubzadeh, S, Azadnajafabad, S, Azhar, G, Aziz, S, Azzam, A, Babashahi, M, Babu, A, Badar, M, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Baghdadi, S, Bagheri, N, Bagherieh, S, Bah, S, Bahadorikhalili, S, Bai, J, Bai, R, Baker, J, Bakkannavar, S, Bako, A, Balakrishnan, S, Balogun, S, Baltatu, O, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, B, Banik, P, Bansal, H, Barati, S, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barr, R, Barrero, L, Basharat, Z, Bashir, A, Bashiru, H, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, J, Basu, S, Batra, K, Batra, R, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, N, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Begum, T, Behboudi, E, Behnoush, A, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Bell, M, Bello, A, Bello, M, Bello, O, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bendak, S, Bennett, D, Bensenor, I, Benzian, H, Berezvai, Z, Berman, A, Bermudez, A, Bettencourt, P, Beyene, H, Beyene, K, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, G, Bhatti, J, Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Binmadi, N, Bintoro, B, Biondi, A, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, R, Bitaraf, S, Bjørge, T, Bleyer, A, Boampong, M, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, A, Bolarinwa, O, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borodo, S, Borschmann, R, Botero Carvajal, A, Bouaoud, S, Boudalia, S, Boyko, E, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Browne, A, Brunoni, A, Bulamu, N, Bulto, L, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Cai, T, Calina, D, Cámera, L, Campos, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, C, Cardenas, C, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carugno, A, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, A, Cattaruzza, M, Caye, A, Cederroth, C, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, K, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chacón-Uscamaita, P, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chan, J, Chang, C, Charalampous, P, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chavula, M, Cheema, H, Chen, A, Chen, H, Chen, L, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cherbuin, N, Chew, D, Chi, G, Chirinos-Caceres, J, Chitheer, A, Cho, S, Cho, W, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhary, R, Chowdhury, R, Chu, D, Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chung, S, Cini, K, Clark, C, Coberly, K, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Conti, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Cousin, E, Cowden, R, Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Culbreth, G, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, da Silva e Silva, D, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, Z, Dalal, K, Dalli, L, Damiani, G, D'Amico, E, Daneshvar, S, Darwesh, A, Das, J, Das, S, Dash, N, Dashti, M, Dávila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, Debele, A, Degenhardt, L, Dehbandi, R, Deitesfeld, L, Delgado-Enciso, I, Delgado-Ortiz, L, Demant, D, Demessa, B, Demetriades, A, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deribe, K, Dervenis, N, Des Jarlais, D, Desai, H, Desai, R, Deuba, K, Devanbu, V, Dey, S, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Dhingra, S, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Dima, A, Ding, D, Dirac, M, Dixit, A, Dixit, S, Do, T, do Prado, C, Dodangeh, M, Dokova, K, Dolecek, C, Dorsey, E, dos Santos, W, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Douiri, A, Dowou, R, Driscoll, T, Dsouza, H, Dube, J, Dumith, S, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, O, Dutta, S, Dzianach, P, Dziedzic, A, Ebenezer, O, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, C, Ed-Dra, A, Edinur, H, Edvardsson, D, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Eghdami, S, Eikemo, T, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekpor, E, Ekundayo, T, El Arab, R, El Morsi, D, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemam, N, Elgar, F, Elgendy, I, Elgohary, G, Elhabashy, H, Elhadi, M, Elmeligy, O, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emami Zeydi, A, Emamverdi, M, Emeto, T, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Eshetie, T, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Estep, K, Etaee, F, Eze, U, Fabin, N, Fadaka, A, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahimi, S, Falzone, L, Farinha, C, Faris, M, Farjoud Kouhanjani, M, Faro, A, Farrokhpour, H, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, N, Fazeli, P, Feigin, V, Fekadu, G, Fereshtehnejad, S, Feroze, A, Ferrante, D, Ferrara, P, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flaxman, A, Flor, L, Florin, B, Folayan, M, Foley, K, Fomenkov, A, Force, L, Fornari, C, Foroutan, B, Foschi, M, Francis, K, Franklin, R, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, S, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Gaal, P, Gadanya, M, Gaihre, S, Gaipov, A, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galehdar, N, Gallus, S, Gan, Q, Gandhi, A, Ganesan, B, Garg, J, Gau, S, Gautam, P, Gautam, R, Gazzelloni, F, Gebregergis, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremariam, T, Gerema, U, Getachew, M, Getachew, T, Gething, P, Ghafourifard, M, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, K, Ghajar, A, Ghanbarnia, M, Ghasemi, M, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, R, Ghimire, S, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Ghuge, A, Gialluisi, A, Gibson, R, Gil, A, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Glasbey, J, Gnedovskaya, E, Göbölös, L, Goel, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golestanfar, A, Golinelli, D, Gona, P, Goudarzi, H, Goudarzian, A, Goyal, A, Greenhalgh, S, Grivna, M, Guarducci, G, Gubari, M, Gudeta, M, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Gunawardane, D, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, I, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gutiérrez, R, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Hachinski, V, Haddadi, M, Haddadi, R, Haep, N, Hajj Ali, A, Halboub, E, Halim, S, Hall, B, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamidi, S, Hamiduzzaman, M, Hammoud, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, G, Hannan, M, Haque, M, Harapan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, F, Hasan, I, Hasan, M, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hasanpour- Dehkordi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanian-Moghaddam, H, Hassanipour, S, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hbid, Y, Hebert, J, Hegazi, O, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Helfer, B, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hettiarachchi, D, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Hoffman, H, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, M, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, V, Hu, C, Huang, J, Huda, M, Hugo, F, Hultström, M, Hussain, J, Hussain, S, Hussein, N, Huy, L, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Idowu, O, Ijo, D, Ikuta, K, Ilaghi, M, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Inbaraj, L, Iradukunda, A, Iravanpour, F, Iregbu, K, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Ismail, N, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Iwu-Jaja, C, Iyer, M, J, L, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Jairoun, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, R, Jamshidi, E, Jani, C, Janko, M, Jatau, A, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jeganathan, J, Jema, A, Jemere, D, Jeong, W, Jha, A, Jha, R, Ji, J, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jomehzadeh, N, Jones, D, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, C, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, H, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kahe, F, Kakodkar, P, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, L, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamath, A, Kamireddy, A, Kanagasabai, T, Kandel, H, Kanmiki, E, Kanmodi, K, Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karami Matin, B, Karanth, S, Karaye, I, Karim, A, Karimi, H, Karimi, S, Karimi Behnagh, A, Karkhah, S, Karna, A, Kashoo, F, Kasraei, H, Kassaw, N, Kassebaum, N, Kassel, M, Katamreddy, A, Katikireddi, S, Katoto, P, Kauppila, J, Kaur, N, Kaydi, N, Kayibanda, J, Kayode, G, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kazeminia, S, Keikavoosi-Arani, L, Keller, C, Kempen, J, Kerr, J, Kesse-Guyot, E, Keykhaei, M, Khadembashiri, M, Khafaie, M, Khajuria, H, Khalafi, M, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khan, T, Khan suheb, M, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, H, Kheirallah, K, Khidri, F, Khodadoust, E, Khormali, M, Khosrowjerdi, M, Khubchandani, J, Khusun, H, Kifle, Z, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kimokoti, R, Kinzel, K, Kiross, G, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kiss, J, Kivimäki, M, Klu, D, Knudsen, A, Kolahi, A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Kosen, S, Kostev, K, Kotnis, A, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Kravchenko, M, Krishan, K, Krishna, H, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamoorthy, Y, Krohn, K, Kuate Defo, B, Kubeisy, C, Kucuk Bicer, B, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kujan, O, Kulimbet, M, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, N, Kumar, R, Kumar, S, Kumari, M, Kurmanova, A, Kurmi, O, Kusnali, A, Kusuma, D, Kutluk, T, Kuttikkattu, A, Kyei, E, Kyriopoulos, I, La Vecchia, C, Ladan, M, Laflamme, L, Lahariya, C, Lahmar, A, Lai, D, Laksono, T, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lallukka, T, Lám, J, Lamnisos, D, Lan, T, Lanfranchi, F, Langguth, B, Lansingh, V, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Larijani, B, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Latief, K, Latif, M, Latifinaibin, K, Lauriola, P, Le, L, Le, N, Le, T, Lee, M, Lee, P, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Legesse, S, Leigh, J, Lenzi, J, Leong, E, Lerango, T, Li, M, Li, W, Li, X, Li, Y, Li, Z, Libra, M, Ligade, V, Likaka, A, Lim, L, Lin, R, Lin, S, Lioutas, V, Listl, S, Liu, J, Liu, S, Liu, X, Livingstone, K, Llanaj, E, Lo, C, Loreche, A, Lorenzovici, L, Lotfi, M, Lotfizadeh, M, Lozano, R, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Ma, J, Ma, S, Ma, Z, Mabrok, M, Machairas, N, Machoy, M, Madsen, C, Magaña Gómez, J, Maghazachi, A, Maharaj, S, Maharjan, P, Mahjoub, S, Mahmoud, M, Mahmoudi, E, Mahmoudi, M, Makram, O, Malagón-Rojas, J, Malakan Rad, E, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, A, Malhotra, K, Malik, A, Malik, I, Malinga, L, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Manla, Y, Mannan, F, Mansoori, Y, Mansour, A, Mansouri, V, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, 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Published: 2024

5. Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2021, with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: V Bhattacharjee, N, E Schumacher, A, Aali, A, Habtegiorgis Abate, Y, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Shawel Abebe, S, Abiodun, O, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Beressa Aboye, G, Guimarães Abreu, L, Aberhe Abrha, W, M Abrigo, M, Abtahi, D, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Me Abu-Rmeileh, N, Girum Girum Adal, T, Molla Adane, M, Atanda Adeagbo Adeagbo, O, Adesoji Adedoyin, R, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Victor Adepoju, A, O Adetokunboh, O, Bunmi Adetunji, J, Adedayo Adeyinka, D, Israel Adeyomoye, O, Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Felix Afolabi, R, Afyouni, S, Sohail Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Opoku Ahinkorah, B, J Ahlstrom, A, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, M Ahmad, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, A Ahmed, L, Saleh Ahmed, M, Anees Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Taddesse Akalu, G, Akbarialiabad, H, Olusola Akinyemi, R, Ahmed Akkaif, M, Akkala, S, Al Hamad, H, Mahfuz Al Hasan, S, Al Qadire, M, Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal, T, O Alalalmeh, S, A Alalwan, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Mustafa Al-Amer, R, Mashhour Alanezi, F, M Alanzi, T, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, T AlBataineh, M, Alemi, H, Alemi, S, Mulugeta Alemu, Y, Al-Eyadhy, A, Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, A, F Alhabib, K, Alhajri, N, Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa, F, Kaba Alhassan, R, Ali, A, Abdulqadir Ali, B, Ali, L, Usman Ali, M, Ali, R, Shujait Shujait Ali, S, Mohammad Alif, S, Aligol, M, Alijanzadeh, M, M Aljasir, M, Mohamed Aljunid, S, Al-Marwani, S, Uy Almazan, J, M Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, O, A Alomari, M, Al-Omari, B, S Alqahtani, J, Yaseen Alqutaibi, A, M Al-Raddadi, R, Khalifah Al-Sabah, S, Altaf, A, A Al-Tawfiq, J, A Altirkawi, K, Oyine Aluh, D, Jawad Alvi, F, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Mohammed Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Aly, S, H Alzoubi, K, Kwabena Ameyaw, E, Tawfik Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, S, 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Braithwaite, D, Brauer, M, K Breitborde, N, Bryazka, D, B Bulamu, N, Buonsenso, D, Burkart, K, A Burns, R, Bustanji, Y, Shafique Butt, N, A Butt, Z, Luciano Caetano Dos Santos, F, Calina, D, R Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, F, Cao, S, Capodici, A, Carreras, G, Carugno, A, A Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Sofia Cattaruzza, M, Caye, A, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cerin, E, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chalek, J, Shi Kai Chan, J, Charalampous, P, Kumar Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Paul Chavula, M, Chen, A, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chi, G, Chichagi, F, Chien, J, R Ching, P, S Cho, W, Choi, S, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Gajanan Choudhari, S, J Christopher, D, Chu, D, Sunday Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chung, S, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Ciuffreda, R, M Claro, R, Coberly, K, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, H Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Magali Cuadra-Hernández, S, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dahiru, T, Dai, Z, Dalton, B, Damiani, G, Mohammad Darwesh, A, K Das, J, Das, S, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Alberto 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Ghazy, R, Ghimire, S, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Ghorbani, M, Gopal Ghoshal, A, Digambarrao Ghuge, A, Urievich Gil, A, K Gill, T, Giorgi, M, Girmay, A, C Glasbey, J, Göbölös, L, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Vali Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, C Goulart, A, Goyal, A, Matthew Graham, S, Grivna, M, Guan, S, Guarducci, G, Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, M, Dechasa Gudeta, M, Guicciardi, S, Gulati, S, Gulisashvili, D, Asanga Gunawardane, D, Guo, C, Kumar Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Kumar Gupta, M, Gupta, M, Gupta, S, Bala Gupta, V, Kumar Gupta, V, Haakenstad, A, Habibzadeh, F, R Hadi, N, Haep, N, Hajibeygi, R, Haller, S, Halwani, R, R Hamadeh, R, M Hamdy, N, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Han, Q, J Handal, A, J Hankey, G, Nuruzzaman Haque, M, Maria Haro, J, I Hasaballah, A, Hasan, I, Jahid Hasan, M, M Mahmudul Hasan, S, Hasani, H, Saquib Hasnain, M, Hassan, A, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, I Hay, S, J Hebert, J, E Hegazi, O, Heidari, M, Helfer, B, Hemmati, M, Yuliana Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hessami, K, Hezam, K, Hiraike, Y, Quoc Hoan, N, Holla, R, Horita, N, Mahbub Hossain, M, Bellal Hossain Hossain, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Chia-Rong Hsieh, V, Hu, C, Huang, J, Mamun Huda, M, Humayun, A, Hussain, J, R Hussein, N, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Emmanuel Ibitoye, S, Maria Iftikhar, P, Stephen Ilesanmi, O, M Ilic, I, D Ilic, M, Immurana, M, Raja Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, A, Rabiul Islam, M, Elkudssiah Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iyer, M, J, L, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, A, Jain, N, Abdulrahman Jairoun, A, Jakovljevic, M, Jamshidi, E, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Kumar Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Ha Jee, S, Jeganathan, J, K Jha, A, Prakash Jha, R, Jiang, H, Jokar, M, B Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, N, Ehimwenma Joshua, C, Joukar, F, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, H, Kabir, Z, Kalani, R, R Kalankesh, L, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamath, R, Kamath, S, Kanchan, T, Wedam Kanmiki, E, Kazeem Kanmodi, K, S, S, Kumar Kansal, S, S Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karami, M, M Karaye, I, Zaffar Kashoo, F, Kasraei, H, J Kassebaum, N, B Kassel, M, H Kauppila, J, Kazemi, F, Kazeminia, S, H Kempen, J, Shoshannah Kendal, E, Keshtkar, K, Keykhaei, M, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Ahmed Khalil, A, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, I, Nuruzzaman Khan, M, Khan, M, Jobair Khan, M, Ab Khan, M, Khang, Y, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khavandegar, A, Reza Khayat Kashani, H, Fatima Khidri, F, Khormali, M, Ali Khosravi, M, Khosrowjerdi, M, Teklesilasie Kidane, W, Demelash Kifle, Z, Sojin Kim, J, Seo Kim, M, W Kimokoti, R, E Kinzel, K, Tsegay Kiross, G, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolahi, A, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Korzh, O, Kosen, S, Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Krishan, K, Krishna, V, Krishnamoorthy, V, Kuate Defo, B, M Kubeisy, C, Kucuk Bicer, B, Abdul Kuddus, M, Kuddus, M, Kuitunen, I, Kulimbet, M, Kumar, H, Kundu, S, Rotimi Kunle, K, P Kurmi, O, Kusnali, A, Kusuma, D, F Kyei, E, Kyriopoulos, I, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Awwal Ladan, M, Laflamme, L, Lahariya, C, Teck Ching Lai, D, Kumar Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lám, J, Lamnisos, D, Landires, I, Lanfranchi, F, Langguth, B, Laplante-Lévesque, A, Jane Larson, H, O Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Latief, K, Latifinaibin, K, Khanh Dao Le, L, Huu Hanh Le, N, Diep Thanh Le, T, Ledda, C, Lee, M, H Lee, P, Won Lee, S, Han Lee, Y, Kiros Lema, G, Leong, E, L Lerango, T, Li, A, Li, M, Li, S, Li, W, Li, X, S Ligade, V, S Lim, S, Lin, R, A Lindstedt, P, Listl, S, Liu, G, Liu, J, Liu, X, Liu, Y, Llanaj, E, López-Bueno, R, D Lopukhov, P, Lorenzovici, L, A Lotufo, P, Lubinda, J, Lucchetti, G, Lugo, A, Lunevicius, R, Lv, H, Feei Ma, Z, Lynn Maass, K, Machoy, M, M Madureira-Carvalho, Á, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, A Maghazachi, A, Mahjoub, S, Adam Mahmoud, M, Majeed, A, N Malagón-Rojas, J, Malakan Rad, E, Malhotra, K, Azam Malik, A, Malik, I, 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Malagón-Rojas, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Kashish Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malik, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A Mamun, Yosef Manla, Yasaman Mansoori, Ali Mansour, Borhan Mansouri, Zeinab Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Joemer C Maravilla, Mirko Marino, Abdoljalal Marjani, Gabriel Martinez, Ramon Martinez-Piedra, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Miquel Martorell, Sharmeen Maryam, Roy Rillera Marzo, Alireza Masoudi, Jishanth Mattumpuram, Richard James Maude, Andrea Maugeri, Erin A May, Mahsa Mayeli, Maryam Mazaheri, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Anna Laura Wensel McKowen, Susan A McLaughlin, Steven M McPhail, Rahul Mehra, Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G Menezes, George A Mensah, Alexios-Fotios A Mentis, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Mohsen Merati, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Abera M Mersha, Tomislav Mestrovic, Pouya Metanat, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda, Sachith Mettananda, Adquate Mhlanga, Laurette Mhlanga, Tianyue Mi, Tomasz Miazgowski, Georgia Micha, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ted R Miller, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Moonis Mirza, Roya Mirzaei, Ashim Mishra, Sanjeev Misra, Philip B Mitchell, Chaitanya Mittal, Babak Moazen, Abdalla Z Mohamed, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Mouhand F H Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Soheil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Mustapha Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Peyman Mokhtarzadehazar, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Sabrina Molinaro, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Rafael Silveira Moreira, Negar Morovatdar, Shane Douglas Morrison, Jakub Morze, Abbas Mosapour, Elias Mossialos, Rohith Motappa, Parsa Mousavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Sumaira Mubarik, Lorenzo Muccioli, Francesk Mulita, Kavita Munjal, Efrén Murillo-Zamora, Jonah Musa, Fungai Musaigwa, Ana-Maria Musina, Sathish Muthu, Saravanan Muthupandian, Muhammad Muzaffar, Woojae Myung, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Gabriele Nagel, Pirouz Naghavi, Ganesh R Naik, Gurudatta Naik, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Firzan Nainu, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gustavo G Nascimento, Abdallah Y Naser, Mohammad Javad Nasiri, Zuhair S Natto, Javaid Nauman, Muhammad Naveed, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba, Hadush Negash, Chernet Tafere Negesse, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Chakib Nejjari, Samata Nepal, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W Ngunjiri, Dang H Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Phuong The Nguyen, QuynhAnh P Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Yeshambel T Nigatu, Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis, Ali Nikoobar, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Chukwudi A Nnaji, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi, Efaq Ali Noman, Shuhei Nomura, Mamoona Noreen, Nafise Noroozi, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Mengistu H Nunemo, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Dieta Nurrika, Jerry John Nutor, Bogdan Oancea, Kehinde O Obamiro, Ismail A Odetokun, Nkechi Martina Odogwu, Martin James O'Donnell, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, James Odhiambo Oguta, In-Hwan Oh, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Patrick Godwin Okwute, Andrew T Olagunju, Omotola O Olasupo, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Gideon Olamilekan Oluwatunase, Hany A Omar, Goran Latif Omer, Obinna E Onwujekwe, Michal Ordak, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Verner N Orish, Doris V Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto Ortiz, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Wael M S Osman, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Olayinka Osuolale, Adrian Otoiu, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Amel Ouyahia, Guoqing Ouyang, Mayowa O Owolabi, Yaz Ozten, Mahesh Padukudru P A, Mohammad Taha Pahlevan Fallahy, Feng Pan, Hai-Feng Pan, Adrian Pana, Paramjot Panda, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Georgios D Panos, Leonidas D Panos, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian, Romil R Parikh, Seoyeon Park, Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Ava Pashaei, Roberto Passera, Hemal M Patel, Jay Patel, Shankargouda Patil, Dimitrios Patoulias, Venkata Suresh Patthipati, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Spencer A Pease, Amy E Peden, Paolo Pedersini, Minjin Peng, Umberto Pensato, Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito, Prince Peprah, Gavin Pereira, Mario F P Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Norberto Perico, Simone Perna, Richard G Pestell, Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha, Hoang Tran Pham, Anil K Philip, Daniela Pierannunzio, Manon Pigeolet, David M Pigott, Evgenii Plotnikov, Dimitri Poddighe, Peter Pollner, Ramesh Poluru, Maarten J Postma, Ghazaleh Pourali, Akram Pourshams, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Disha Prabhu, Sergio I Prada, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, Manya Prasad, Akila Prashant, Bharathi M Purohit, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Ibrahim Qattea, Deepthi R, Mehrdad Rabiee Rad, Amir Radfar, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Pourya Raee, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki, Alireza Rafiei, Seyedeh Niloufar Rafiei Alavi, Cat Raggi, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Md Jillur Rahim, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Vahid Rahmanian, Masoud Rahmati, Niloufar Rahnavard, Pramila Rai, Diego Raimondo, Ali Rajabpour-Sanati, Prashant Rajput, Prasanna Ram, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Juwel Rana, Kritika Rana, Shailendra Singh Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Nemanja Rancic, Amey Rane, Shubham Ranjan, Chythra R Rao, Indu Ramachandra Rao, Deepthi Rapaka, Davide Rasella, Sina Rashedi, Vahid Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Azad Rasul, Zubair Ahmed Ratan, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Nakul Ravikumar, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Bharat Rawlley, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Nazila Rezaei, Aida Rezaei Nejad, Mohsen Rezaeian, Abanoub Riad, Mavra A Riaz, Jennifer Rickard, Reza Rikhtegar, Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden, Célia Fortuna Rodrigues, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Ravi Rohilla, Debby Syahru Romadlon, Luca Ronfani, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Bedanta Roy, Nitai Roy, Priyanka Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Susan Fred Rumisha, Tilleye Runghien, Manjula S, Chandan S N, Aly M A Saad, Zahra Saadatian, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Morteza SaberiKamarposhti, Siamak Sabour, Fatos Sada, Basema Saddik, Bashdar Abuzed Sadee, Ehsan Sadeghi, Erfan Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Sher Zaman Safi, Dominic Sagoe, Manika Saha, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Monalisha Sahu, Zahra Saif, Joseph W Sakshaug, Payman Salamati, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Mohamed A Saleh, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Z Y Salem, Sohrab Salimi, Sara Samadzadeh, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Nima Sanadgol, Francesca Sanna, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Haaris Saqib, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Aswini Saravanan, Babak Saravi, Yaser Sarikhani, Tanmay Sarkar, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C Sarode, Arash Sarveazad, Brijesh Sathian, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Anudeep Sathyanarayan, Abu Sayeed, Md Abu Sayeed, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Winfried Schlee, Art Schuermans, David C Schwebel, Falk Schwendicke, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Pallav Sengupta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Dragos Serban, Edson Serván-Mori, Yashendra Sethi, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Seyed Arsalan Seyedi, Allen Seylani, Mahan Shafie, Jaffer Shah, Pritik A Shah, Ataollah Shahbandi, Samiah Shahid, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Ahmed Shaikh, Masood Ali Shaikh, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Mohammad Anas Shamsi, Mohd Shanawaz, Abhishek Shankar, Mohammed Shannawaz, Medha Sharath, Sadaf Sharfaei, Amin Sharifan, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Manoj Sharma, Rajesh Sharma, Ujjawal 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Subramaniyan, Muhammad Suleman, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Abida Sultana, Jing Sun, Chandan Kumar Swain, Bryan L Sykes, Lukasz Szarpak, Mindy D Szeto, Miklós Szócska, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Shima Tabatabai, Karen M Tabb, Mohammad Tabish, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Jabeen Taiba, Ardeshir Tajbakhsh, Iman M Talaat, Ashis Talukder, Mircea Tampa, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Ker-Kan Tan, Haosu Tang, Derbie Alemu DA Tareke, Mengistie Kassahun Tariku, Vivian Y Tat, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Mojtaba Teimoori, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani Temsah, Masayuki Teramoto, Dufera Rikitu Terefa, Riki Tesler, Enoch Teye-Kwadjo, Ramna Thakur, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Rekha Thapar, Samar Tharwat, Rasiah Thayakaran, Nihal Thomas, Ales Tichopad, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Marcello Tonelli, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Eugenio Traini, Jasmine 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Wakwoya, Cong Wang, Denny Wang, Fang Wang, Shu Wang, Yanzhong Wang, Yuan-Pang Wang, Paul Ward, Emebet Gashaw Wassie, Stefanie Watson, Marcia R Weaver, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Daniel J Weiss, Katherine M Wells, Yi Feng Wen, Ronny Westerman, Taweewat Wiangkham, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Peter Willeit, Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegene, Felicia Wu, Juan Xia, Hong Xiao, Gelin Xu, Suowen Xu, Xiaoyue Xu, Ali Yadollahpour, Shirin Yaghoobpoor, Tina Yaghoobpour, Sajad Yaghoubi, Zwanden Sule Yahaya, Danting Yang, Lin Yang, Yuichiro Yano, Habib Yaribeygi, Pengpeng Ye, Renjulal Yesodharan, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Amanuel Yigezu, Paul Yip, Dong Keon Yon, Naohiro Yonemoto, Yuyi You, Mustafa Z Younis, Zabihollah Yousefi, Chuanhua Yu, Yong Yu, Chun-Wei Yuan, Nima Zafari, Fathiah Zakham, Nazar Zaki, Giulia Zamagni, Milad Zandi, Ghazal G Z Zandieh, Moein Zangiabadian, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Haijun Zhang, Meixin Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Chenwen Zhong, Juexiao Zhou, Bin Zhu, Lei Zhu, Magdalena Zielińska, Zhiyong Zou, Samer H Zyoud, Christopher J L Murray, Amanda E Smith, and Stein Emil Vollset
Abstract: Background: Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to inform policies involving resource and health-care needs, labour supply, education, gender equality, and family planning and support. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 produced up-to-date and comprehensive demographic assessments of key fertility indicators at global, regional, and national levels from 1950 to 2021 and forecast fertility metrics to 2100 based on a reference scenario and key policy-dependent alternative scenarios. Methods: To estimate fertility indicators from 1950 to 2021, mixed-effects regression models and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression were used to synthesise data from 8709 country-years of vital and sample registrations, 1455 surveys and censuses, and 150 other sources, and to generate age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) for 5-year age groups from age 10 years to 54 years. ASFRs were summed across age groups to produce estimates of total fertility rate (TFR). Livebirths were calculated by multiplying ASFR and age-specific female population, then summing across ages 10-54 years. To forecast future fertility up to 2100, our Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) forecasting model was based on projections of completed cohort fertility at age 50 years (CCF50; the average number of children born over time to females from a specified birth cohort), which yields more stable and accurate measures of fertility than directly modelling TFR. CCF50 was modelled using an ensemble approach in which three sub-models (with two, three, and four covariates variously consisting of female educational attainment, contraceptive met need, population density in
Published: 2024

6. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Author: Gemini Team, Reid, Machel, Savinov, Nikolay, Teplyashin, Denis, Dmitry, Lepikhin, Lillicrap, Timothy, Alayrac, Jean-baptiste, Soricut, Radu, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Firat, Orhan, Schrittwieser, Julian, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Anil, Rohan, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Dai, Andrew, Millican, Katie, Dyer, Ethan, Glaese, Mia, Sottiaux, Thibault, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Molloy, James, Chen, Jilin, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul, Hennigan, Tom, McIlroy, Ross, Johnson, Melvin, Schalkwyk, Johan, Collins, Eli, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Meyer, Clemens, Thornton, Gregory, Yang, Zhen, Michalewski, Henryk, Abbas, Zaheer, Schucher, Nathan, Anand, Ankesh, Ives, Richard, Keeling, James, Lenc, Karel, Haykal, Salem, Shakeri, Siamak, Shyam, Pranav, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Ring, Roman, Spencer, Stephen, Sezener, Eren, Vilnis, Luke, Chang, Oscar, Morioka, Nobuyuki, Tucker, George, Zheng, Ce, Woodman, Oliver, Attaluri, Nithya, Kocisky, Tomas, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Chen, Xi, Chung, Timothy, Selo, Vittorio, Brahma, Siddhartha, Georgiev, Petko, Slone, Ambrose, Zhu, Zhenkai, Lottes, James, Qiao, Siyuan, Caine, Ben, Riedel, Sebastian, Tomala, Alex, Chadwick, Martin, Love, Juliette, Choy, Peter, Mittal, Sid, Houlsby, Neil, Tang, Yunhao, Lamm, Matthew, Bai, Libin, Zhang, Qiao, He, Luheng, Cheng, Yong, Humphreys, Peter, Li, Yujia, Brin, Sergey, Cassirer, Albin, Miao, Yingjie, Zilka, Lukas, Tobin, Taylor, Xu, Kelvin, Proleev, Lev, Sohn, Daniel, Magni, Alberto, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Gao, Isabel, Ontanon, Santiago, Bunyan, Oskar, Byrd, Nathan, Sharma, Abhanshu, Zhang, Biao, Pinto, Mario, Sinha, Rishika, Mehta, Harsh, Jia, Dawei, Caelles, Sergi, Webson, Albert, Morris, Alex, Roelofs, Becca, Ding, Yifan, Strudel, Robin, Xiong, Xuehan, Ritter, Marvin, Dehghani, Mostafa, Chaabouni, Rahma, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Lai, Guangda, Mentzer, Fabian, Xu, Bibo, Li, YaGuang, Zhang, Yujing, Paine, Tom Le, Goldin, Alex, Neyshabur, Behnam, Baumli, Kate, Levskaya, Anselm, Laskin, Michael, Jia, Wenhao, Rae, Jack W., Xiao, Kefan, He, Antoine, Giordano, Skye, Yagati, Lakshman, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Natsev, Paul, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Liu, Fangyu, Martins, Danilo, Chen, Nanxin, Xu, Yunhan, Barnes, Megan, May, Rhys, Vezer, Arpi, Oh, Junhyuk, Franko, Ken, Bridgers, Sophie, Zhao, Ruizhe, Wu, Boxi, Mustafa, Basil, Sechrist, Sean, Parisotto, Emilio, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Larkin, Chris, Gu, Chenjie, Sorokin, Christina, Krikun, Maxim, Guseynov, Alexey, Landon, Jessica, Datta, Romina, Pritzel, Alexander, Thacker, Phoebe, Yang, Fan, Hui, Kevin, Hauth, Anja, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Barker, David, Mao-Jones, Justin, Austin, Sophia, Sheahan, Hannah, Schuh, Parker, Svensson, James, Jain, Rohan, Ramasesh, Vinay, Briukhov, Anton, Chung, Da-Woon, von Glehn, Tamara, Butterfield, Christina, Jhakra, Priya, Wiethoff, Matthew, Frye, Justin, Grimstad, Jordan, Changpinyo, Beer, Lan, Charline Le, Bortsova, Anna, Wu, Yonghui, Voigtlaender, Paul, Sainath, Tara, Gu, Shane, Smith, Charlotte, Hawkins, Will, Cao, Kris, Besley, James, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Omernick, Mark, Gaffney, Colin, Surita, Gabriela, Burnell, Ryan, Damoc, Bogdan, Ahn, Junwhan, Brock, Andrew, Pajarskas, Mantas, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Noury, Seb, Blanco, Lorenzo, Swersky, Kevin, Ahuja, Arun, Avrahami, Thi, Misra, Vedant, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Iinuma, Mariko, Polozov, Alex, York, Sarah, Driessche, George van den, Michel, Paul, Chiu, Justin, Blevins, Rory, Gleicher, Zach, Recasens, Adrià, Rrustemi, Alban, Gribovskaya, Elena, Roy, Aurko, Gworek, Wiktor, Arnold, Sébastien M. R., Lee, Lisa, Lee-Thorp, James, Maggioni, Marcello, Piqueras, Enrique, Badola, Kartikeya, Vikram, Sharad, Gonzalez, Lucas, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Senter, Evan, Devlin, Jacob, Qin, James, Azzam, Michael, Trebacz, Maja, Polacek, Martin, Krishnakumar, Kashyap, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Tung, Matthew, Penchev, Ivo, Joshi, Rishabh, Olszewska, Kate, Muir, Carrie, Wirth, Mateo, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Newlan, Josh, Kashem, Sheleem, Bolina, Vijay, Dabir, Elahe, van Amersfoort, Joost, Ahmed, Zafarali, Cobon-Kerr, James, Kamath, Aishwarya, Hrafnkelsson, Arnar Mar, Hou, Le, Mackinnon, Ian, Frechette, Alexandre, Noland, Eric, Si, Xiance, Taropa, Emanuel, Li, Dong, Crone, Phil, Gulati, Anmol, Cevey, Sébastien, Adler, Jonas, Ma, Ada, Silver, David, Tokumine, Simon, Powell, Richard, Lee, Stephan, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Hassan, Samer, Mincu, Diana, Yang, Antoine, Levine, Nir, Brennan, Jenny, Wang, Mingqiu, Hodkinson, Sarah, Zhao, Jeffrey, Lipschultz, Josh, Pope, Aedan, Chang, Michael B., Li, Cheng, Shafey, Laurent El, 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Sebastian, Dai, Andrew, Millican, Katie, Dyer, Ethan, Glaese, Mia, Sottiaux, Thibault, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Molloy, James, Chen, Jilin, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul, Hennigan, Tom, McIlroy, Ross, Johnson, Melvin, Schalkwyk, Johan, Collins, Eli, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Meyer, Clemens, Thornton, Gregory, Yang, Zhen, Michalewski, Henryk, Abbas, Zaheer, Schucher, Nathan, Anand, Ankesh, Ives, Richard, Keeling, James, Lenc, Karel, Haykal, Salem, Shakeri, Siamak, Shyam, Pranav, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Ring, Roman, Spencer, Stephen, Sezener, Eren, Vilnis, Luke, Chang, Oscar, Morioka, Nobuyuki, Tucker, George, Zheng, Ce, Woodman, Oliver, Attaluri, Nithya, Kocisky, Tomas, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Chen, Xi, Chung, Timothy, Selo, Vittorio, Brahma, Siddhartha, Georgiev, Petko, Slone, Ambrose, Zhu, Zhenkai, Lottes, James, Qiao, Siyuan, Caine, Ben, Riedel, Sebastian, Tomala, Alex, Chadwick, Martin, Love, Juliette, Choy, Peter, Mittal, Sid, Houlsby, Neil, Tang, Yunhao, Lamm, Matthew, Bai, Libin, Zhang, Qiao, He, Luheng, Cheng, Yong, Humphreys, Peter, Li, Yujia, Brin, Sergey, Cassirer, Albin, Miao, Yingjie, Zilka, Lukas, Tobin, Taylor, Xu, Kelvin, Proleev, Lev, Sohn, Daniel, Magni, Alberto, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Gao, Isabel, Ontanon, Santiago, Bunyan, Oskar, Byrd, Nathan, Sharma, Abhanshu, Zhang, Biao, Pinto, Mario, Sinha, Rishika, Mehta, Harsh, Jia, Dawei, Caelles, Sergi, Webson, Albert, Morris, Alex, Roelofs, Becca, Ding, Yifan, Strudel, Robin, Xiong, Xuehan, Ritter, Marvin, Dehghani, Mostafa, Chaabouni, Rahma, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Lai, Guangda, Mentzer, Fabian, Xu, Bibo, Li, YaGuang, Zhang, Yujing, Paine, Tom Le, Goldin, Alex, Neyshabur, Behnam, Baumli, Kate, Levskaya, Anselm, Laskin, Michael, Jia, Wenhao, Rae, Jack W., Xiao, Kefan, He, Antoine, Giordano, Skye, Yagati, Lakshman, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Natsev, Paul, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Liu, Fangyu, Martins, Danilo, Chen, Nanxin, Xu, Yunhan, Barnes, Megan, May, Rhys, Vezer, Arpi, Oh, Junhyuk, Franko, Ken, Bridgers, Sophie, Zhao, Ruizhe, Wu, Boxi, Mustafa, Basil, Sechrist, Sean, Parisotto, Emilio, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Larkin, Chris, Gu, Chenjie, Sorokin, Christina, Krikun, Maxim, Guseynov, Alexey, Landon, Jessica, Datta, Romina, Pritzel, Alexander, Thacker, Phoebe, Yang, Fan, Hui, Kevin, Hauth, Anja, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Barker, David, Mao-Jones, Justin, Austin, Sophia, Sheahan, Hannah, Schuh, Parker, Svensson, James, Jain, Rohan, Ramasesh, Vinay, Briukhov, Anton, Chung, Da-Woon, von Glehn, Tamara, Butterfield, Christina, Jhakra, Priya, Wiethoff, Matthew, Frye, Justin, Grimstad, Jordan, Changpinyo, Beer, Lan, Charline Le, Bortsova, Anna, Wu, Yonghui, Voigtlaender, Paul, Sainath, Tara, Gu, Shane, Smith, Charlotte, Hawkins, Will, Cao, Kris, Besley, James, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Omernick, Mark, Gaffney, Colin, Surita, Gabriela, Burnell, Ryan, Damoc, Bogdan, Ahn, Junwhan, Brock, Andrew, Pajarskas, Mantas, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Noury, Seb, Blanco, Lorenzo, Swersky, Kevin, Ahuja, Arun, Avrahami, Thi, Misra, Vedant, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Iinuma, Mariko, Polozov, Alex, York, Sarah, Driessche, George van den, Michel, Paul, Chiu, Justin, Blevins, Rory, Gleicher, Zach, Recasens, Adrià, Rrustemi, Alban, Gribovskaya, Elena, Roy, Aurko, Gworek, Wiktor, Arnold, Sébastien M. R., Lee, Lisa, Lee-Thorp, James, Maggioni, Marcello, Piqueras, Enrique, Badola, Kartikeya, Vikram, Sharad, Gonzalez, Lucas, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Senter, Evan, Devlin, Jacob, Qin, James, Azzam, Michael, Trebacz, Maja, Polacek, Martin, Krishnakumar, Kashyap, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Tung, Matthew, Penchev, Ivo, Joshi, Rishabh, Olszewska, Kate, Muir, Carrie, Wirth, Mateo, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Newlan, Josh, Kashem, Sheleem, Bolina, Vijay, Dabir, Elahe, van Amersfoort, Joost, Ahmed, Zafarali, Cobon-Kerr, James, Kamath, Aishwarya, Hrafnkelsson, Arnar Mar, Hou, Le, Mackinnon, Ian, Frechette, Alexandre, Noland, Eric, Si, Xiance, Taropa, Emanuel, Li, Dong, Crone, Phil, Gulati, Anmol, Cevey, Sébastien, Adler, Jonas, Ma, Ada, Silver, David, Tokumine, Simon, Powell, Richard, Lee, Stephan, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Hassan, Samer, Mincu, Diana, Yang, Antoine, Levine, Nir, Brennan, Jenny, Wang, Mingqiu, Hodkinson, Sarah, Zhao, Jeffrey, Lipschultz, Josh, Pope, Aedan, Chang, Michael B., Li, Cheng, Shafey, Laurent El, Paganini, Michela, Douglas, Sholto, Bohnet, Bernd, Pardo, Fabio, Odoom, Seth, Rosca, Mihaela, Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos, Soparkar, Kedar, Guez, Arthur, Hudson, Tom, Hansen, Steven, Asawaroengchai, Chulayuth, Addanki, Ravi, Yu, Tianhe, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Khan, Mina, Gilmer, Justin, Lee, Jaehoon, Bostock, Carrie Grimes, Rong, Keran, Caton, Jonathan, Pejman, Pedram, Pavetic, Filip, Brown, Geoff, Sharma, Vivek, Lučić, Mario, Samuel, Rajkumar, Djolonga, Josip, Mandhane, Amol, Sjösund, Lars Lowe, Buchatskaya, Elena, White, Elspeth, Clay, Natalie, Jiang, Jiepu, Lim, Hyeontaek, Hemsley, Ross, Cankara, Zeyncep, Labanowski, Jane, De Cao, Nicola, Steiner, David, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Austin, Jacob, Gergely, Anita, Blyth, Tim, Stanton, Joe, Shivakumar, Kaushik, Siddhant, Aditya, Andreassen, Anders, Araya, Carlos, Sethi, Nikhil, Shivanna, Rakesh, Hand, Steven, Bapna, Ankur, Khodaei, Ali, Miech, Antoine, Tanzer, Garrett, Swing, Andy, Thakoor, Shantanu, Aroyo, Lora, Pan, Zhufeng, Nado, Zachary, Sygnowski, Jakub, Winkler, Stephanie, Yu, Dian, Saleh, Mohammad, Maggiore, Loren, Bansal, Yamini, Garcia, Xavier, Kazemi, Mehran, Patil, Piyush, Dasgupta, Ishita, Barr, Iain, Giang, Minh, Kagohara, Thais, Danihelka, Ivo, Marathe, Amit, Feinberg, Vladimir, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Ghelani, Nimesh, Horgan, Dan, Miller, Helen, Walker, Lexi, Tanburn, Richard, Tariq, Mukarram, Shrivastava, Disha, Xia, Fei, Wang, Qingze, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Ashwood, Zoe, Baatarsukh, Khuslen, Samangooei, Sina, Kaufman, Raphaël Lopez, Alcober, Fred, Stjerngren, Axel, Komarek, Paul, Tsihlas, Katerina, Boral, Anudhyan, Comanescu, Ramona, Chen, Jeremy, Liu, Ruibo, Welty, Chris, Bloxwich, Dawn, Chen, Charlie, Sun, Yanhua, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Mauger, Matthew, Dotiwalla, Xerxes, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Sharman, Michael, Zheng, Ivy, Haridasan, Krishna, Barth-Maron, Gabe, Swanson, Craig, Rogozińska, Dominika, Andreev, Alek, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Sang, Ruoxin, Hurt, Dan, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Wang, Renshen, Lacey, Dave, Ilić, Anastasija, Zhao, Yao, Iwanicki, Adam, Lince, Alejandro, Chen, Alexander, Lyu, Christina, Lebsack, Carl, Griffith, Jordan, Gaba, Meenu, Sandhu, Paramjit, Chen, Phil, Koop, Anna, Rajwar, Ravi, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Chang, Solomon, Zhu, Rui, Radpour, Soroush, Davoodi, Elnaz, Lei, Ving Ian, Xu, Yang, Toyama, Daniel, Segal, Constant, Wicke, Martin, Lin, Hanzhao, Bulanova, Anna, Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech, Rakićević, Nemanja, Sprechmann, Pablo, Filos, Angelos, Hou, Shaobo, Campos, Víctor, Kassner, Nora, Sachan, Devendra, Fortunato, Meire, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Nikolaev, Vitaly, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Jazayeri, Sadegh, Varadarajan, Mani, Tekur, Chetan, Fritz, Doug, Khalman, Misha, Reitter, David, Dasgupta, Kingshuk, Sarcar, Shourya, Ornduff, Tina, Snaider, Javier, Huot, Fantine, Jia, Johnson, Kemp, Rupert, Trdin, Nejc, Vijayakumar, Anitha, Kim, Lucy, Angermueller, Christof, Lao, Li, Liu, Tianqi, Zhang, Haibin, Engel, David, Greene, Somer, White, Anaïs, Austin, Jessica, Taylor, Lilly, Ashraf, Shereen, Liu, Dangyi, Georgaki, Maria, Cai, Irene, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Goenka, Sonam, Saeta, Brennan, Xu, Ying, Frank, Christian, de Cesare, Dario, Robenek, Brona, Richardson, Harry, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, Yew, Christopher, Ponnapalli, Priya, Tagliasacchi, Marco, Korchemniy, Alex, Kim, Yelin, Li, Dinghua, Rosgen, Bill, Levin, Kyle, Wiesner, Jeremy, Banzal, Praseem, Srinivasan, Praveen, Yu, Hongkun, Ünlü, Çağlar, Reid, David, Tung, Zora, Finchelstein, Daniel, Kumar, Ravin, Elisseeff, Andre, Huang, Jin, Zhang, Ming, Aguilar, Ricardo, Giménez, Mai, Xia, Jiawei, Dousse, Olivier, Gierke, Willi, Yates, Damion, Jalan, Komal, Li, Lu, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Durden, Ken, Kallakuri, Praveen, Liu, Yaxin, Johnson, Matthew, Tsai, Tomy, Talbert, Alice, Liu, Jasmine, Neitz, Alexander, Elkind, Chen, Selvi, Marco, Jasarevic, Mimi, Soares, Livio Baldini, Cui, Albert, Wang, Pidong, Wang, Alek Wenjiao, Ye, Xinyu, Kallarackal, Krystal, Loher, Lucia, Lam, Hoi, Broder, Josef, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Martin, Nina, Ramadhana, Bramandia, Shukla, Mrinal, Basu, Sujoy, Mohan, Abhi, Fernando, Nick, Fiedel, Noah, Paterson, Kim, Li, Hui, Garg, Ankush, Park, Jane, Choi, DongHyun, Wu, Diane, Singh, Sankalp, Zhang, Zhishuai, Globerson, Amir, Yu, Lily, Carpenter, John, Quitry, Félix de Chaumont, Radebaugh, Carey, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Tudor, Alex, Shroff, Prakash, Garmon, Drew, Du, Dayou, Vats, Neera, Lu, Han, Iqbal, Shariq, Yakubovich, Alex, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Manyika, James, Qureshi, Haroon, Hua, Nan, Ngani, Christel, Raad, Maria Abi, Forbes, Hannah, Stanway, Jeff, Sundararajan, Mukund, Ungureanu, Victor, Bishop, Colton, Li, Yunjie, Venkatraman, Balaji, Li, Bo, Thornton, Chloe, Scellato, Salvatore, Gupta, Nishesh, Wang, Yicheng, Tenney, Ian, Wu, Xihui, Shenoy, Ashish, Carvajal, Gabriel, Wright, Diana Gage, Bariach, Ben, Xiao, Zhuyun, Hawkins, Peter, Dalmia, Sid, Farabet, Clement, Valenzuela, Pedro, Yuan, Quan, Agarwal, Ananth, Chen, Mia, Kim, Wooyeol, Hulse, Brice, Dukkipati, Nandita, Paszke, Adam, Bolt, Andrew, Choo, Kiam, Beattie, Jennifer, Prendki, Jennifer, Vashisht, Harsha, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Cobo, Luis C., Wilkiewicz, Jarek, Madras, David, Elqursh, Ali, Uy, Grant, Ramirez, Kevin, Harvey, Matt, Liechty, Tyler, Zen, Heiga, Seibert, Jeff, Hu, Clara Huiyi, Khorlin, Andrey, Le, Maigo, Aharoni, Asaf, Li, Megan, Wang, Lily, Kumar, Sandeep, Casagrande, Norman, Hoover, Jay, Badawy, Dalia El, Soergel, David, Vnukov, Denis, Miecnikowski, Matt, Simsa, Jiri, Kumar, Praveen, Sellam, Thibault, Vlasic, Daniel, Daruki, Samira, Shabat, Nir, Zhang, John, Su, Guolong, Zhang, Jiageng, Liu, Jeremiah, Sun, Yi, Palmer, Evan, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Xiong, Xi, Cotruta, Victor, Fink, Michael, Dixon, Lucas, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Dimitriev, Alek, Jafari, Mohsen, Crocker, Remi, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Kumar, Aviral, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Philips, Ivan, Liu, Frederick, Liang, Yannie, Sterneck, Rachel, Repina, Alena, Wu, Marcus, Knight, Laura, Georgiev, Marin, Lee, Hyo, Askham, Harry, Chakladar, Abhishek, Louis, Annie, Crous, Carl, Cate, Hardie, Petrova, Dessie, Quinn, Michael, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Singhal, Achintya, Wei, Nan, Kim, Solomon, Vincent, Damien, Nasr, Milad, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Tojo, Reiko, Lu, Shawn, Casas, Diego de Las, Cheng, Yuchung, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Lee, Katherine, Fatehi, Saaber, Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal, Patel, Miteyan, Kaed, Charbel, Li, Jing, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Chen, Zhe, Konzelmann, Jaclyn, Põder, Siim, Garg, Roopal, Koverkathu, Vinod, Brown, Adam, Dyer, Chris, Liu, Rosanne, Nova, Azade, Xu, Jun, Walton, Alanna, Parrish, Alicia, Epstein, Mark, McCarthy, Sara, Petrov, Slav, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol
Abstract: In this report, we present the latest model of the Gemini family, Gemini 1.5 Pro, a highly compute-efficient multimodal mixture-of-experts model capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. Gemini 1.5 Pro achieves near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improves the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and matches or surpasses Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5 Pro's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 2.1 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content.
Published: 2024

7. Transfer-LMR: Heavy-Tail Driving Behavior Recognition in Diverse Traffic Scenarios

Author: Parikh, Chirag, Mishra, Ravi Shankar, Chandra, Rohan, Sarvadevabhatla, Ravi Kiran, Parikh, Chirag, Mishra, Ravi Shankar, Chandra, Rohan, and Sarvadevabhatla, Ravi Kiran
Abstract: Recognizing driving behaviors is important for downstream tasks such as reasoning, planning, and navigation. Existing video recognition approaches work well for common behaviors (e.g. "drive straight", "brake", "turn left/right"). However, the performance is sub-par for underrepresented/rare behaviors typically found in tail of the behavior class distribution. To address this shortcoming, we propose Transfer-LMR, a modular training routine for improving the recognition performance across all driving behavior classes. We extensively evaluate our approach on METEOR and HDD datasets that contain rich yet heavy-tailed distribution of driving behaviors and span diverse traffic scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, especially for recognizing underrepresented/rare driving behaviors.
Published: 2024

8. Centrifuge fractionation during purification of cellulose nanocrystals after acid hydrolysis and consequences on their chiral self-assembly

Author: Svagan, Anna Justina, Vilaplana, Francisco, Pettersson, Torbjörn, Anusuyadevi, Prasaanth Ravi, Henriksson, Gunnar, Hedenqvist, Mikael S., Svagan, Anna Justina, Vilaplana, Francisco, Pettersson, Torbjörn, Anusuyadevi, Prasaanth Ravi, Henriksson, Gunnar, and Hedenqvist, Mikael S.
Abstract: The inherent colloidal dispersity (due to length, aspect ratio, surface charge heterogeneity) of CNCs, when produced using the typical traditional sulfuric acid hydrolysis route, presents a great challenge when interpreting colloidal properties and linking the CNC film nanostructure to the helicoidal self-assembly mechanism during drying. Indeed, further improvement of this CNC preparation route is required to yield films with better control over the CNC pitch and optical properties. Here we present a modified CNC-preparation protocol, by fractionating and harvesting CNCs with different average surface charges, rod lengths, aspect ratios, already during the centrifugation steps after hydrolysis. This enables faster CNC fractionation, because it is performed in a high ionic strength aqueous medium. By comparing dry films from the three CNC fractions, discrepancies in the CNC self-assembly and structural colors were clearly observed. Conclusively, we demonstrate a fast protocol to harvest different populations of CNCs, that enable tailored refinement of structural colors in CNC films., QC 20240201
Published: 2024
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9. Rapid Capture of Cancer Extracellular Vesicles by Lipid Patch Microarrays

Author: Liu, Hui‐Yu, Kumar, Ravi, Zhong, Chunting, Gorji, Saleh, Paniushkina, Liliia, Masood, Ramsha, Wittel, Uwe A., Fuchs, Harald, Nazarenko, Irina, Hirtz, Michael, Liu, Hui‐Yu, Kumar, Ravi, Zhong, Chunting, Gorji, Saleh, Paniushkina, Liliia, Masood, Ramsha, Wittel, Uwe A., Fuchs, Harald, Nazarenko, Irina, and Hirtz, Michael
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various bioactive molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and play a key role in the regulation of cancer progression. Furthermore, cancer‐associated EVs carry specific biomarkers and can be used in liquid biopsy for cancer detection. However, it is still technically challenging and time consuming to detect or isolate cancer‐associated EVs from complex biofluids (e.g., blood). Here, a novel EV‐capture strategy based on dip‐pen nanolithography generated microarrays of supported lipid membranes is presented. These arrays carry specific antibodies recognizing EV‐ and cancer‐specific surface biomarkers, enabling highly selective and efficient capture. Importantly, it is shown that the nucleic acid cargo of captured EVs is retained on the lipid array, providing the potential for downstream analysis. Finally, the feasibility of EV capture from patient sera is demonstrated. The demonstrated platform offers rapid capture, high specificity, and sensitivity, with only a small need in analyte volume and without additional purification steps. The platform is applied in context of cancer‐associated EVs, but it can easily be adapted to other diagnostic EV targets by use of corresponding antibodies.
Published: 2024

10. Roadmap on multifunctional materials for drug delivery

Author: Nottelet, Benjamin, Buwalda, Sytze, van Nostrum, Cornelus F, Zhao, Xiaofei, Deng, Chao, Zhong, Zhiyuan, Cheah, Ernest, Svirskis, Darren, Trayford, Chloe, van Rijt, Sabine, Ménard-Moyon, Cécilia, Kumar, Ravi, Kehr, Nermin Seda, de Barros, Natan Roberto, Khademhosseini, Ali, Kim, Han-Jun, Vermonden, Tina, Nottelet, Benjamin, Buwalda, Sytze, van Nostrum, Cornelus F, Zhao, Xiaofei, Deng, Chao, Zhong, Zhiyuan, Cheah, Ernest, Svirskis, Darren, Trayford, Chloe, van Rijt, Sabine, Ménard-Moyon, Cécilia, Kumar, Ravi, Kehr, Nermin Seda, de Barros, Natan Roberto, Khademhosseini, Ali, Kim, Han-Jun, and Vermonden, Tina
Abstract: This Roadmap on drug delivery aims to cover some of the most recent advances in the field of materials for drug delivery systems (DDSs) and emphasizes the role that multifunctional materials play in advancing the performance of modern DDS s in the context of the most current challenges presented. The Roadmap is comprised of multiple sections, each of which introduces the status of the field, the current and future challenges faced, and a perspective of the required advances necessary for biomaterial science to tackle these challenges. It is our hope that this collective vision will contribute to the initiation of conversation and collaboration across all areas of multifunctional materials for DDSs. We stress that this article is not meant to be a fully comprehensive review but rather an up-to-date snapshot of different areas of research, with a minimal number of references that focus upon the very latest research developments.
Published: 2024

11. Impact of different intercrops on the incidence of insect pests in cabbage

Author: Verma , Rajneesh Kumar, Singh, Sameer Kumar, Chandra, Umesh, Sharma, Kamal Ravi, Verma , Rajneesh Kumar, Singh, Sameer Kumar, Chandra, Umesh, and Sharma, Kamal Ravi
Abstract: In India, cabbage is attacked by approximately 35 insect pests; due to the high nutritional value and succulent nature of cabbage, it has attracted the attention of several insect pests. Monocultures are low-diversity agroecosystems that may be more prone to outbursts of pests. The present study aimed to determine the impact of different intercrops on the incidence of insect pests on cabbage. The outcomes revealed that during Rabi 2021-22, populations of Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura were recorded for the first time during the 51st standard meteorological week (SMW). The incidence of aphids was first recorded in the 2nd SMW and reached the maximum level in the 8th SMW along with P. xylostella and S. litura. The lowest incidence of P. xylostella and aphids was recorded in the T6-Cabbage + Coriander treatment (2:2), followed by the T5-Cabbage + Coriander treatment (2:1); the maximum incidence of P. xylostella and aphids was observed in the T3-Cabbage+ Radish treatment (2:1), and all the intercropping treatments were superior to those used for the sole cabbage crop, with the maximum incidence of P. xylostella. The lowest incidence of S. litura T6-Cabbage + Coriander (2:2) was followed by T5-Cabbage + Coriander (2:1), and the maximum incidence of S. litura was observed in the T1-Cabbage + Onion treatment (2:1). The yield was the highest in the T6-Cabbage+ Coriander (2:2) treatment (257.33 q/ha main crop, 3.30 q/ha), followed by the T5-Cabbage+ Coriander 2:1 treatment (233.33 q/ha main crop, 1.83 q/ha) and the T3-Cabbage+ Radish treatment (2:1) (197.33 q/ha main crop, 25.32 q/ha).
Published: 2024

12. Integrated longitudinal multiomics study identifies immune programs associated with acute COVID-19 severity and mortality

Author: Gygi, Jeremy P, Gygi, Jeremy P, Maguire, Cole, Patel, Ravi K, Shinde, Pramod, Konstorum, Anna, Shannon, Casey P, Xu, Leqi, Hoch, Annmarie, Jayavelu, Naresh Doni, Haddad, Elias K, Network, IMPACC, Reed, Elaine F, Kraft, Monica, McComsey, Grace A, Metcalf, Jordan P, Ozonoff, Al, Esserman, Denise, Cairns, Charles B, Rouphael, Nadine, Bosinger, Steven E, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Krammer, Florian, Rosen, Lindsey B, van Bakel, Harm, Wilson, Michael, Eckalbar, Walter L, Maecker, Holden T, Langelier, Charles R, Steen, Hanno, Altman, Matthew C, Montgomery, Ruth R, Levy, Ofer, Melamed, Esther, Pulendran, Bali, Diray-Arce, Joann, Smolen, Kinga K, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Becker, Patrice M, Sekaly, Rafick P, Ehrlich, Lauren IR, Fourati, Slim, Peters, Bjoern, Kleinstein, Steven H, Guan, Leying, Gygi, Jeremy P, Gygi, Jeremy P, Maguire, Cole, Patel, Ravi K, Shinde, Pramod, Konstorum, Anna, Shannon, Casey P, Xu, Leqi, Hoch, Annmarie, Jayavelu, Naresh Doni, Haddad, Elias K, Network, IMPACC, Reed, Elaine F, Kraft, Monica, McComsey, Grace A, Metcalf, Jordan P, Ozonoff, Al, Esserman, Denise, Cairns, Charles B, Rouphael, Nadine, Bosinger, Steven E, Kim-Schulze, Seunghee, Krammer, Florian, Rosen, Lindsey B, van Bakel, Harm, Wilson, Michael, Eckalbar, Walter L, Maecker, Holden T, Langelier, Charles R, Steen, Hanno, Altman, Matthew C, Montgomery, Ruth R, Levy, Ofer, Melamed, Esther, Pulendran, Bali, Diray-Arce, Joann, Smolen, Kinga K, Fragiadakis, Gabriela K, Becker, Patrice M, Sekaly, Rafick P, Ehrlich, Lauren IR, Fourati, Slim, Peters, Bjoern, Kleinstein, Steven H, and Guan, Leying
Abstract: BACKGROUNDPatients hospitalized for COVID-19 exhibit diverse clinical outcomes, with outcomes for some individuals diverging over time even though their initial disease severity appears similar to that of other patients. A systematic evaluation of molecular and cellular profiles over the full disease course can link immune programs and their coordination with progression heterogeneity.METHODSWe performed deep immunophenotyping and conducted longitudinal multiomics modeling, integrating 10 assays for 1,152 Immunophenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort (IMPACC) study participants and identifying several immune cascades that were significant drivers of differential clinical outcomes.RESULTSIncreasing disease severity was driven by a temporal pattern that began with the early upregulation of immunosuppressive metabolites and then elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, signatures of coagulation, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and T cell functional dysregulation. A second immune cascade, predictive of 28-day mortality among critically ill patients, was characterized by reduced total plasma Igs and B cells and dysregulated IFN responsiveness. We demonstrated that the balance disruption between IFN-stimulated genes and IFN inhibitors is a crucial biomarker of COVID-19 mortality, potentially contributing to failure of viral clearance in patients with fatal illness.CONCLUSIONOur longitudinal multiomics profiling study revealed temporal coordination across diverse omics that potentially explain the disease progression, providing insights that can inform the targeted development of therapies for patients hospitalized with COVID-19, especially those who are critically ill.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT04378777.FUNDINGNIH (5R01AI135803-03, 5U19AI118608-04, 5U19AI128910-04, 4U19AI090023-11, 4U19AI118610-06, R01AI145835-01A1S1, 5U19AI062629-17, 5U19AI057229-17, 5U19AI125357-05, 5U19AI128913-03, 3U19AI077439-13, 5U54AI142766-03, 5R01AI104870-07, 3U19A
Published: 2024

13. #let’s-discuss: Analyzing Students’ Use of Emoji when Interacting with Course Readings

Author: Blobstein, Ariel, Blobstein, Ariel, Facciotti, Marc T, Igo, Michele, Karger, David, Ravi, Prerna, Sripathi, Kamali, Gal, Kobi, Blobstein, Ariel, Blobstein, Ariel, Facciotti, Marc T, Igo, Michele, Karger, David, Ravi, Prerna, Sripathi, Kamali, and Gal, Kobi
Abstract: Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey affects, emotions, and attitudes. While popular in social media, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied even though emoji can be a natural way for students to express what they are feeling about the learning material. This paper studies how students use instructor-selected emoji when relating to and engaging with educational content. We use an online platform for collaborative annotations where discussions are embedded into the readings for the course. We also make it possible for students to use 11 unique emoji-hashtag pairings to express their thoughts and feelings about the readings and the ongoing discussion. We provide an empirical analysis of the usage of these emoji-hashtag pairs by over 1,800 students enrolled in different offerings of an introductory biology course from multiple academic terms. We also introduce a heat map, which allows the instructional team to visualize the distribution and types of emoji used by students in different parts of the reading material. To evaluate the heat map, we conducted a user study with five instructors/TAs. We found that instructors/TAs use the heat map as a tool for identifying textbook sections that students find difficult and/or interesting and plan to use it to help them design the online content for future classes. Finally, we introduce a computational analysis for predicting emoji/hashtag pairs based on the content of a given student post. We use pre-trained deep learning language models (BERT) to predict the emoji attached to a student’s post and then study the extent to which this model generated in an introductory biology course can be generalized to predict student emoji usage in other courses.
Published: 2024

14. Genetic association analysis of human median voice pitch identifies a common locus for tonal and non-tonal languages.

Author: Di, Yazheng, Di, Yazheng, Mefford, Joel, Rahmani, Elior, Wang, Jinhan, Ravi, Vijay, Gorla, Aditya, Alwan, Abeer, Zhu, Tingshao, Flint, Jonathan Frederic Rest, Di, Yazheng, Di, Yazheng, Mefford, Joel, Rahmani, Elior, Wang, Jinhan, Ravi, Vijay, Gorla, Aditya, Alwan, Abeer, Zhu, Tingshao, and Flint, Jonathan Frederic Rest
Abstract: The genetic influence on human vocal pitch in tonal and non-tonal languages remains largely unknown. In tonal languages, such as Mandarin Chinese, pitch changes differentiate word meanings, whereas in non-tonal languages, such as Icelandic, pitch is used to convey intonation. We addressed this question by searching for genetic associations with interindividual variation in median pitch in a Chinese major depression case-control cohort and compared our results with a genome-wide association study from Iceland. The same genetic variant, rs11046212-T in an intron of the ABCC9 gene, was one of the most strongly associated loci with median pitch in both samples. Our meta-analysis revealed four genome-wide significant hits, including two novel associations. The discovery of genetic variants influencing vocal pitch across both tonal and non-tonal languages suggests the possibility of a common genetic contribution to the human vocal system shared in two distinct populations with languages that differ in tonality (Icelandic and Mandarin).
Published: 2024

15. Towards Cloud-Scale Debugging

Author: Dogga, Pradeep, Netravali, Ravi A1, Varghese, George, Dogga, Pradeep, Dogga, Pradeep, Netravali, Ravi A1, Varghese, George, and Dogga, Pradeep
Abstract: Cloud computing is an integral part of today's world: it primarily enables individuals and enterprises to provision and manage resources such as compute, storage, etc., for their needs with the click of a button. Modular approach to software development enabled cloud providers to rapidly evolve and deliver increasing number of services to users rendering clouds mission-critical. To insure prompt serviceability of this Achilles’ Heel from facing incidents, cloud providers employ significant human resources. However, with the ever increasing number of services offered by clouds and growing types of workloads such as the proliferation of Machine Learning workloads in recent times, it is no longer viable for cloud providers to scale their human resources at this pace to insure prompt serviceability of their clouds.In this dissertation, I present my work towards improving the serviceability of clouds by leveraging insights from my experience with real debugging workflows employed at the three largest clouds today. I present techniques from Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to leverage the vast amount of historical debugging data in clouds to develop tools that provide assistance to their engineers. I present a 'Coarsening' framework that enables transition towards a centralized debugging plane and discuss practical evaluations of tools built using this framework.I present Revelio, a tool that can generate debugging queries for engineers to execute over system-wide logged data, whose results can likely hint them of the root cause of an incident. To enable benchmarking many techniques, I also built a distributed systems debugging testbed that can inject faults into services, interface with human users and collect execution logs across the system. I present AutoARTS, a tool that can tag a lengthy postmortem report of an incident in the cloud with all root causes from an extensive taxonomy and can also highlight key pieces of information from a postmortem for
Published: 2024

16. Enhancing accuracy and privacy in speech-based depression detection through speaker disentanglement.

Author: Wang, Jinhan, Wang, Jinhan, Flint, Jonathan, Alwan, Abeer, Ravi, Vijay, Wang, Jinhan, Wang, Jinhan, Flint, Jonathan, Alwan, Abeer, and Ravi, Vijay
Abstract: Speech signals are valuable biomarkers for assessing an individuals mental health, including identifying Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) automatically. A frequently used approach in this regard is to employ features related to speaker identity, such as speaker-embeddings. However, over-reliance on speaker identity features in mental health screening systems can compromise patient privacy. Moreover, some aspects of speaker identity may not be relevant for depression detection and could serve as a bias factor that hampers system performance. To overcome these limitations, we propose disentangling speaker-identity information from depression-related information. Specifically, we present four distinct disentanglement methods to achieve this - adversarial speaker identification (SID)-loss maximization (ADV), SID-loss equalization with variance (LEV), SID-loss equalization using Cross-Entropy (LECE) and SID-loss equalization using KL divergence (LEKLD). Our experiments, which incorporated diverse input features and model architectures, have yielded improved F1 scores for MDD detection and voice-privacy attributes, as quantified by Gain in Voice Distinctiveness GV D and De-Identification Scores (DeID). On the DAIC-WOZ dataset (English), LECE using ComparE16 features results in the best F1-Scores of 80% which represents the audio-only SOTA depression detection F1-Score along with a GV D of -1.1 dB and a DeID of 85%. On the EATD dataset (Mandarin), ADV using raw-audio signal achieves an F1-Score of 72.38% surpassing multi-modal SOTA along with a GV D of -0.89 dB dB and a DeID of 51.21%. By reducing the dependence on speaker-identity-related features, our method offers a promising direction for speech-based depression detection that preserves patient privacy.
Published: 2024

17. RTN3L and CALCOCO1 function in parallel to maintain proteostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Author: Kumar, Kamal, Kumar, Kamal, Chidambaram, Ravi, Parashar, Smriti, Ferro-Novick, Susan, Kumar, Kamal, Kumar, Kamal, Chidambaram, Ravi, Parashar, Smriti, and Ferro-Novick, Susan
Abstract: Reticulophagy is mediated by autophagy receptors that function in one of the two domains of the ER, tubules or flat sheets. Three different conserved mammalian receptors mediate autophagy in ER tubules: RTN3L, ATL3 and CALCOCO1. Previous studies have shown that RTN3L maintains proteostasis by targeting mutant aggregation-prone proteins for autophagy at distinct foci in ER tubules that we named ERPHS (ER-reticulophagy sites). The role for ATL3 and CALCOCO1 in proteostasis has not been addressed. Here we analyzed three different misfolded disease-causing RTN3L substrates and show that ATL3 and CALCOCO1 target the same cargoes for autophagy. Colocalization and knock down studies revealed that RTN3L and ATL3 are both required for the formation of RTN3L-containing ERPHS, while CALCOCO1 is not. We propose that RTN3L, ATL3 and CALCOCO1 work in parallel to maintain proteostasis within the ER network by targeting cargoes at different sites in the tubules.Abbreviation ATL3: atlastin GTPase 3; Baf: bafilomycin A1; CALCOCO1: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 1; Epr1: ER-phagy receptor 1; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERAD: ER-associated protein degradation; ERPHS: ER-reticulophagy sites; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; PGRMC1: progesterone receptor membrane component 1; POMC: proopiomelanocortin; Pro-AVP: pro-arginine vasopressin; RETREG1: reticulophagy regulator 1; reticulophagy: endoplasmic reticulum selective autophagy; RTN3L: reticulon 3 long isoform; VAPA: VAMP associated protein A.
Published: 2024

18. Implications of metabolism on multi-systems healthy aging across the lifespan.

Author: Yao, Shanshan, Yao, Shanshan, Colangelo, Laura, Perry, Andrew, Marron, Megan, Yaffe, Kristine, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Lima, Joao, Tian, Qu, Clish, Clary, Newman, Anne, Shah, Ravi, Murthy, Venkatesh, Yao, Shanshan, Yao, Shanshan, Colangelo, Laura, Perry, Andrew, Marron, Megan, Yaffe, Kristine, Sedaghat, Sanaz, Lima, Joao, Tian, Qu, Clish, Clary, Newman, Anne, Shah, Ravi, and Murthy, Venkatesh
Abstract: Aging is increasingly thought to involve dysregulation of metabolism in multiple organ systems that culminate in decreased functional capacity and morbidity. Here, we seek to understand complex interactions among metabolism, aging, and systems-wide phenotypes across the lifespan. Among 2469 adults (mean age 74.7 years; 38% Black) in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study we identified metabolic cross-sectionally correlates across 20 multi-dimensional aging-related phenotypes spanning seven domains. We used LASSO-PCA and bioinformatic techniques to summarize metabolome-phenome relationships and derive metabolic scores, which were subsequently linked to healthy aging, mortality, and incident outcomes (cardiovascular disease, disability, dementia, and cancer) over 9 years. To clarify the relationship of metabolism in early adulthood to aging, we tested association of these metabolic scores with aging phenotypes/outcomes in 2320 participants (mean age 32.1, 44% Black) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. We observed significant overlap in metabolic correlates across the seven aging domains, specifying pathways of mitochondrial/cellular energetics, host-commensal metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Across four metabolic scores (body composition, mental-physical performance, muscle strength, and physical activity), we found strong associations with healthy aging and incident outcomes, robust to adjustment for risk factors. Metabolic scores for participants four decades younger in CARDIA were related to incident cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurocognitive performance, as well as long-term cardiovascular disease and mortality over three decades. Conserved metabolic states are strongly related to domain-specific aging and outcomes over the life-course relevant to energetics, host-commensal interactions, and mechanisms of innate immunity.
Published: 2024

19. Event-by-event direction reconstruction of solar neutrinos in a high light-yield liquid scintillator

Author: Allega, A, Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Antunes, J, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Baker, J, Barros, N, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bezerra, TS, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Chen, M, Cheng, S, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Dehghani, R, Deloye, J, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gaur, A, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hewitt, C, Hreljac, B, Howard, V, Hu, J, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaluzienski, S, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Khan, H, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lake, C, Lebanowski, L, Lee, J, Lefebvre, C, Lin, YH, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mills, C, Milton, G, Morton-Blake, I, Mubasher, M, Colina, A Molina, Morris, D, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Paleshi, K, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pickard, L, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Rumleskie, J, Semenec, I, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, Smith, J, Allega, A, Allega, A, Anderson, MR, Andringa, S, Antunes, J, Askins, M, Auty, DJ, Bacon, A, Baker, J, Barros, N, Barão, F, Bayes, R, Beier, EW, Bezerra, TS, Bialek, A, Biller, SD, Blucher, E, Caden, E, Callaghan, EJ, Chen, M, Cheng, S, Cleveland, B, Cookman, D, Corning, J, Cox, MA, Dehghani, R, Deloye, J, Depatie, MM, Di Lodovico, F, Dittmer, J, Dixon, KH, Falk, E, Fatemighomi, N, Ford, R, Gaur, A, González-Reina, OI, Gooding, D, Grant, C, Grove, J, Hall, S, Hallin, AL, Heintzelman, WJ, Helmer, RL, Hewitt, C, Hreljac, B, Howard, V, Hu, J, Hunt-Stokes, R, Hussain, SMA, Inácio, AS, Jillings, CJ, Kaluzienski, S, Kaptanoglu, T, Khaghani, P, Khan, H, Klein, JR, Kormos, LL, Krar, B, Kraus, C, Krauss, CB, Kroupová, T, Lake, C, Lebanowski, L, Lee, J, Lefebvre, C, Lin, YH, Lozza, V, Luo, M, Maio, A, Manecki, S, Maneira, J, Martin, RD, McCauley, N, McDonald, AB, Mills, C, Milton, G, Morton-Blake, I, Mubasher, M, Colina, A Molina, Morris, D, Naugle, S, Nolan, LJ, O’Keeffe, HM, Gann, GD Orebi, Page, J, Paleshi, K, Parker, W, Paton, J, Peeters, SJM, Pickard, L, Ravi, P, Reichold, A, Riccetto, S, Rigan, M, Rose, J, Rosero, R, Rumleskie, J, Semenec, I, Skensved, P, Smiley, M, and Smith, J
Abstract: The direction of individual B8 solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with the solar angle. The observation was aided by a period of low primary fluor concentration that resulted in a slower scintillator decay time. This is the first time that event-by-event direction reconstruction in high light-yield liquid scintillator has been demonstrated in a large-scale detector.
Published: 2024

20. Designing More Informative Multiple-Driver Experiments

Author: Thomas, Mridul K, Ranjan, Ravi, Thomas, Mridul K, and Ranjan, Ravi
Abstract: For decades, multiple-driver/stressor research has examined interactions among drivers that will undergo large changes in the future: temperature, pH, nutrients, oxygen, pathogens, and more. However, the most commonly used experimental designs—present-versus-future and ANOVA—fail to contribute to general understanding or predictive power. Linking experimental design to process-based mathematical models would help us predict how ecosystems will behave in novel environmental conditions. We review a range of experimental designs and assess the best experimental path toward a predictive ecology. Full factorial response surface, fractional factorial, quadratic response surface, custom, space-filling, and especially optimal and sequential/adaptive designs can help us achieve more valuable scientific goals. Experiments using these designs are challenging to perform with long-lived organisms or at the community and ecosystem levels. But they remain our most promising path toward linking experiments and theory in multiple-driver research and making accurate, useful predictions.
Published: 2024

21. Obesity is associated with muscle atrophy in rotator cuff tear.

Author: Herzberg, Simone, Herzberg, Simone, Zhao, Zhiguo, Freeman, Thomas, Prakash, Ravi, Baumgarten, Keith, Bishop, Julie, Carey, James, Jones, Grant, McCarty, Eric, Spencer, Edwin, Vidal, Armando, Jain, Nitin, Giri, Ayush, Kuhn, John, Khazzam, Michael, Matzkin, Elizabeth, Brophy, Robert, Dunn, Warren, Ma, C Benjamin, Marx, Robert, Poddar, Sourav, Smith, Matthew, Wolf, Brian, Wright, Rick, Herzberg, Simone, Herzberg, Simone, Zhao, Zhiguo, Freeman, Thomas, Prakash, Ravi, Baumgarten, Keith, Bishop, Julie, Carey, James, Jones, Grant, McCarty, Eric, Spencer, Edwin, Vidal, Armando, Jain, Nitin, Giri, Ayush, Kuhn, John, Khazzam, Michael, Matzkin, Elizabeth, Brophy, Robert, Dunn, Warren, Ma, C Benjamin, Marx, Robert, Poddar, Sourav, Smith, Matthew, Wolf, Brian, and Wright, Rick
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and muscle atrophy in individuals with rotator cuff tears. METHODS: This study consists of patients with rotator cuff tears identified by MRI from two independent cohorts, the Rotator Cuff Outcomes Workgroup (ROW) and the Multicenter Orthopaedic Outcomes Network (MOON). Presence of atrophy (yes/no) and severity of atrophy (as an ordinal variable) were assessed on MRI by expert physicians. We used multivariable regression models to evaluate the relationship between BMI and muscle atrophy while adjusting for age and sex in each study, conducted sensitivity analyses for full-thickness tear and combined results using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 539 patients (MOON=395, ROW=144) from the combined cohorts had MRI data available on muscle atrophy. Among these patients, 246 (46%) had atrophy of at least one of the muscles of the rotator cuff and 282 (52%) had full-thickness tears. In meta-analysis across both cohorts, each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with a 21% (aOR=1.21, 95% CI=1.02, 1.43) increased odds of having muscle atrophy among individuals with any tear size, and 36% (aOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.01-1.81) increased odds among individuals with full-thickness tear. CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI was associated with significantly higher odds of muscle atrophy in patiens with rotator cuff tears. More study is needed to unders1tand why and how this relationship exists, as well as whether interventions to reduce BMI may help improve outcomes for these patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
Published: 2024

22. Inverse Design of Photonic Surfaces via High throughput Femtosecond Laser Processing and Tandem Neural Networks

Author: Park, Minok, Park, Minok, Grbčić, Luka, Motameni, Parham, Song, Spencer, Singh, Alok, Malagrino, Dante, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Vahabi, Puya H, Todeschini, Alberto, de Jong, Wibe Albert, Prasher, Ravi, Zorba, Vassilia, Lubner, Sean D, Park, Minok, Park, Minok, Grbčić, Luka, Motameni, Parham, Song, Spencer, Singh, Alok, Malagrino, Dante, Elzouka, Mahmoud, Vahabi, Puya H, Todeschini, Alberto, de Jong, Wibe Albert, Prasher, Ravi, Zorba, Vassilia, and Lubner, Sean D
Abstract: This work demonstrates a method to design photonic surfaces by combining femtosecond laser processing with the inverse design capabilities of tandem neural networks that directly link laser fabrication parameters to their resulting textured substrate optical properties. High throughput fabrication and characterization platforms are developed that generate a dataset comprising 35280 unique microtextured surfaces on stainless steel with corresponding measured spectral emissivities. The trained model utilizes the nonlinear one-to-many mapping between spectral emissivity and laser parameters. Consequently, it generates predominantly novel designs, which reproduce the full range of spectral emissivities (average root-mean-squared-error < 2.5%) using only a compact region of laser parameter space 25 times smaller than what is represented in the training data. Finally, the inverse design model is experimentally validated on a thermophotovoltaic emitter design application. By synergizing laser-matter interactions with neural network capabilities, the approach offers insights into accelerating the discovery of photonic surfaces, advancing energy harvesting technologies.
Published: 2024

23. Diversity and scale: Genetic architecture of 2068 traits in the VA Million Veteran Program

Author: Verma, Anurag, Verma, Anurag, Huffman, Jennifer E, Rodriguez, Alex, Conery, Mitchell, Liu, Molei, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Kim, Youngdae, Heise, David A, Guare, Lindsay, Panickan, Vidul Ayakulangara, Garcon, Helene, Linares, Franciel, Costa, Lauren, Goethert, Ian, Tipton, Ryan, Honerlaw, Jacqueline, Davies, Laura, Whitbourne, Stacey, Cohen, Jeremy, Posner, Daniel C, Sangar, Rahul, Murray, Michael, Wang, Xuan, Dochtermann, Daniel R, Devineni, Poornima, Shi, Yunling, Nandi, Tarak Nath, Assimes, Themistocles L, Brunette, Charles A, Carroll, Robert J, Clifford, Royce, Duvall, Scott, Gelernter, Joel, Hung, Adriana, Iyengar, Sudha K, Joseph, Jacob, Kember, Rachel, Kranzler, Henry, Kripke, Colleen M, Levey, Daniel, Luoh, Shiuh-Wen, Merritt, Victoria C, Overstreet, Cassie, Deak, Joseph D, Grant, Struan FA, Polimanti, Renato, Roussos, Panos, Shakt, Gabrielle, Sun, Yan V, Tsao, Noah, Venkatesh, Sanan, Voloudakis, Georgios, Justice, Amy, Begoli, Edmon, Ramoni, Rachel, Tourassi, Georgia, Pyarajan, Saiju, Tsao, Philip, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Moser, Jennifer, Casas, Juan P, Bick, Alexander G, Zhou, Wei, Cai, Tianxi, Voight, Benjamin F, Cho, Kelly, Gaziano, J Michael, Madduri, Ravi K, Damrauer, Scott, Liao, Katherine P, Verma, Anurag, Verma, Anurag, Huffman, Jennifer E, Rodriguez, Alex, Conery, Mitchell, Liu, Molei, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Kim, Youngdae, Heise, David A, Guare, Lindsay, Panickan, Vidul Ayakulangara, Garcon, Helene, Linares, Franciel, Costa, Lauren, Goethert, Ian, Tipton, Ryan, Honerlaw, Jacqueline, Davies, Laura, Whitbourne, Stacey, Cohen, Jeremy, Posner, Daniel C, Sangar, Rahul, Murray, Michael, Wang, Xuan, Dochtermann, Daniel R, Devineni, Poornima, Shi, Yunling, Nandi, Tarak Nath, Assimes, Themistocles L, Brunette, Charles A, Carroll, Robert J, Clifford, Royce, Duvall, Scott, Gelernter, Joel, Hung, Adriana, Iyengar, Sudha K, Joseph, Jacob, Kember, Rachel, Kranzler, Henry, Kripke, Colleen M, Levey, Daniel, Luoh, Shiuh-Wen, Merritt, Victoria C, Overstreet, Cassie, Deak, Joseph D, Grant, Struan FA, Polimanti, Renato, Roussos, Panos, Shakt, Gabrielle, Sun, Yan V, Tsao, Noah, Venkatesh, Sanan, Voloudakis, Georgios, Justice, Amy, Begoli, Edmon, Ramoni, Rachel, Tourassi, Georgia, Pyarajan, Saiju, Tsao, Philip, O'Donnell, Christopher J, Muralidhar, Sumitra, Moser, Jennifer, Casas, Juan P, Bick, Alexander G, Zhou, Wei, Cai, Tianxi, Voight, Benjamin F, Cho, Kelly, Gaziano, J Michael, Madduri, Ravi K, Damrauer, Scott, and Liao, Katherine P
Abstract: One of the justifiable criticisms of human genetic studies is the underrepresentation of participants from diverse populations. Lack of inclusion must be addressed at-scale to identify causal disease factors and understand the genetic causes of health disparities. We present genome-wide associations for 2068 traits from 635,969 participants in the Department of Veterans Affairs Million Veteran Program, a longitudinal study of diverse United States Veterans. Systematic analysis revealed 13,672 genomic risk loci; 1608 were only significant after including non-European populations. Fine-mapping identified causal variants at 6318 signals across 613 traits. One-third (n = 2069) were identified in participants from non-European populations. This reveals a broadly similar genetic architecture across populations, highlights genetic insights gained from underrepresented groups, and presents an extensive atlas of genetic associations.
Published: 2024

24. Transcriptome-wide association analysis identifies candidate susceptibility genes for prostate-specific antigen levels in men without prostate cancer.

Author: Chen, Dorothy, Chen, Dorothy, Dong, Ruocheng, Kachuri, Linda, Hoffmann, Thomas, Jiang, Yu, Berndt, Sonja, Shelley, John, Schaffer, Kerry, Machiela, Mitchell, Freedman, Neal, Huang, Wen-Yi, Li, Shengchao, Lilja, Hans, Justice, Amy, Madduri, Ravi, Rodriguez, Alex, Van Den Eeden, Stephen, Chanock, Stephen, Haiman, Christopher, Conti, David, Klein, Robert, Mosley, Jonathan, Witte, John, Graff, Rebecca, Chen, Dorothy, Chen, Dorothy, Dong, Ruocheng, Kachuri, Linda, Hoffmann, Thomas, Jiang, Yu, Berndt, Sonja, Shelley, John, Schaffer, Kerry, Machiela, Mitchell, Freedman, Neal, Huang, Wen-Yi, Li, Shengchao, Lilja, Hans, Justice, Amy, Madduri, Ravi, Rodriguez, Alex, Van Den Eeden, Stephen, Chanock, Stephen, Haiman, Christopher, Conti, David, Klein, Robert, Mosley, Jonathan, Witte, John, and Graff, Rebecca
Abstract: Deciphering the genetic basis of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels may improve their utility for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. Using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from 95,768 PCa-free men, we conducted a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to examine impacts of genetically predicted gene expression on PSA. Analyses identified 41 statistically significant (p < 0.05/12,192 = 4.10 × 10-6) associations in whole blood and 39 statistically significant (p < 0.05/13,844 = 3.61 × 10-6) associations in prostate tissue, with 18 genes associated in both tissues. Cross-tissue analyses identified 155 statistically significantly (p < 0.05/22,249 = 2.25 × 10-6) genes. Out of 173 unique PSA-associated genes across analyses, we replicated 151 (87.3%) in a TWAS of 209,318 PCa-free individuals from the Million Veteran Program. Based on conditional analyses, we found 20 genes (11 single tissue, nine cross-tissue) that were associated with PSA levels in the discovery TWAS that were not attributable to a lead variant from a GWAS. Ten of these 20 genes replicated, and two of the replicated genes had colocalization probability of >0.5: CCNA2 and HIST1H2BN. Six of the 20 identified genes are not known to impact PCa risk. Fine-mapping based on whole blood and prostate tissue revealed five protein-coding genes with evidence of causal relationships with PSA levels. Of these five genes, four exhibited evidence of colocalization and one was conditionally independent of previous GWAS findings. These results yield hypotheses that should be further explored to improve understanding of genetic factors underlying PSA levels.
Published: 2024

25. Recombinant Alpha-1 Antitrypsin-Fc Fusion Protein INBRX-101 in Adults With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A Phase 1 Study.

Author: Brantly, Mark, Brantly, Mark, Kuhn, Brooks, Farah, Humam, Mahadeva, Ravi, Cole, Alexandra, Chang, Catherina, Brown, Cynthia, Campos, Michael, Lascano, Jorge, Babcock, Erin, Bhagwat, Sharvari, Boyea, Teresa, Veldstra, Carson, Andrianov, Vasily, Kalabus, James, Eckelman, Brendan, Veale, Andrew, Brantly, Mark, Brantly, Mark, Kuhn, Brooks, Farah, Humam, Mahadeva, Ravi, Cole, Alexandra, Chang, Catherina, Brown, Cynthia, Campos, Michael, Lascano, Jorge, Babcock, Erin, Bhagwat, Sharvari, Boyea, Teresa, Veldstra, Carson, Andrianov, Vasily, Kalabus, James, Eckelman, Brendan, and Veale, Andrew
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is characterized by low alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) levels, predisposing individuals to lung disease. The standard of care, plasma-derived AAT (pdAAT), is delivered as weekly infusions to maintain serum AAT concentrations ≥11µM (≈50% of those in healthy individuals). INBRX-101, a recombinant human AAT-Fc fusion protein, was designed to have a longer half-life and achieve higher AAT levels than pdAAT. METHODS: In this phase 1 dose-escalation study (N=31), adults with AATD received 1 dose (part 1) or 3 doses (part 2) of 10 (part 1), 40, 80, or 120mg/kg INBRX-101 every 3 weeks (Q3W) via intravenous infusion. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of INBRX-101. RESULTS: INBRX-101 was well tolerated. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were grade ≤2. In part 2 (n=18; each dose, n=6), dose-related increases in serum functional AAT (fAAT) were observed; mean fAAT levels remained above the 21 µM target for up to 4 weeks after the final dose in the 120-mg/kg cohort. Antidrug antibodies had no meaningful impact on PK or PD. INBRX-101 was detected in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) from all patients assessed (n=11), and PELF fAAT increased after dosing. PK/PD modeling projected steady-state serum fAAT ≥21µM at 120 mg/kg Q3W (average concentration ≈43µM; trough concentration ≈28µM) and Q4W (≈34µM; ≈21µM). CONCLUSION: The favorable safety profile and ability to maintain serum fAAT levels >21µM with extended-interval dosing, support a phase 2 trial evaluating Q3W and Q4W dosing of INBRX-101.
Published: 2024

26. Psilocybin desynchronizes the human brain

Author: Siegel, Joshua S, Siegel, Joshua S, Subramanian, Subha, Perry, Demetrius, Kay, Benjamin P, Gordon, Evan M, Laumann, Timothy O, Reneau, T Rick, Metcalf, Nicholas V, Chacko, Ravi V, Gratton, Caterina, Horan, Christine, Krimmel, Samuel R, Shimony, Joshua S, Schweiger, Julie A, Wong, Dean F, Bender, David A, Scheidter, Kristen M, Whiting, Forrest I, Padawer-Curry, Jonah A, Shinohara, Russell T, Chen, Yong, Moser, Julia, Yacoub, Essa, Nelson, Steven M, Vizioli, Luca, Fair, Damien A, Lenze, Eric J, Carhart-Harris, Robin, Raison, Charles L, Raichle, Marcus E, Snyder, Abraham Z, Nicol, Ginger E, Dosenbach, Nico UF, Siegel, Joshua S, Siegel, Joshua S, Subramanian, Subha, Perry, Demetrius, Kay, Benjamin P, Gordon, Evan M, Laumann, Timothy O, Reneau, T Rick, Metcalf, Nicholas V, Chacko, Ravi V, Gratton, Caterina, Horan, Christine, Krimmel, Samuel R, Shimony, Joshua S, Schweiger, Julie A, Wong, Dean F, Bender, David A, Scheidter, Kristen M, Whiting, Forrest I, Padawer-Curry, Jonah A, Shinohara, Russell T, Chen, Yong, Moser, Julia, Yacoub, Essa, Nelson, Steven M, Vizioli, Luca, Fair, Damien A, Lenze, Eric J, Carhart-Harris, Robin, Raison, Charles L, Raichle, Marcus E, Snyder, Abraham Z, Nicol, Ginger E, and Dosenbach, Nico UF
Abstract: A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic that acutely causes distortions of space-time perception and ego dissolution, produces rapid and persistent therapeutic effects in human clinical trials1-4. In animal models, psilocybin induces neuroplasticity in cortex and hippocampus5-8. It remains unclear how human brain network changes relate to subjective and lasting effects of psychedelics. Here we tracked individual-specific brain changes with longitudinal precision functional mapping (roughly 18 magnetic resonance imaging visits per participant). Healthy adults were tracked before, during and for 3 weeks after high-dose psilocybin (25 mg) and methylphenidate (40 mg), and brought back for an additional psilocybin dose 6-12 months later. Psilocybin massively disrupted functional connectivity (FC) in cortex and subcortex, acutely causing more than threefold greater change than methylphenidate. These FC changes were driven by brain desynchronization across spatial scales (areal, global), which dissolved network distinctions by reducing correlations within and anticorrelations between networks. Psilocybin-driven FC changes were strongest in the default mode network, which is connected to the anterior hippocampus and is thought to create our sense of space, time and self. Individual differences in FC changes were strongly linked to the subjective psychedelic experience. Performing a perceptual task reduced psilocybin-driven FC changes. Psilocybin caused persistent decrease in FC between the anterior hippocampus and default mode network, lasting for weeks. Persistent reduction of hippocampal-default mode network connectivity may represent a neuroanatomical and mechanistic correlate of the proplasticity and therapeutic effects of psychedelics.
Published: 2024

27. Validation of Biomechanical Computed Tomography for Fracture Risk Classification in Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer.

Author: Lin, John, Lin, John, Hearn, Caleb, Getzen, Emily, Long, Qi, Lee, David, Keaveny, Tony, Jayadevappa, Ravishankar, Robinson, Kyle, Wong, Yu-Ning, Maxwell, Kara, Narayan, Vivek, Haas, Naomi, Takvorian, Samuel, Bikle, Daniel, Chiang, Janet, Khan, Amna, Rajapakse, Chamith, Morgans, Alicia, Parikh, Ravi, Lin, John, Lin, John, Hearn, Caleb, Getzen, Emily, Long, Qi, Lee, David, Keaveny, Tony, Jayadevappa, Ravishankar, Robinson, Kyle, Wong, Yu-Ning, Maxwell, Kara, Narayan, Vivek, Haas, Naomi, Takvorian, Samuel, Bikle, Daniel, Chiang, Janet, Khan, Amna, Rajapakse, Chamith, Morgans, Alicia, and Parikh, Ravi
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening to assess fracture risk and benefit from antiresorptive therapy in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, <30% of eligible patients undergo DXA screening. Biomechanical computed tomography (BCT) is a radiomic technique that measures bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength from computed tomography (CT) scans. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the (1) correlations between BCT- and DXA-assessed BMD, and (2) associations between BCT-assessed metrics and subsequent fracture. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients with mHSPC between 2013 and 2020 who received CT abdomen/pelvis or positron emission tomography/CT within 48 wk before ADT initiation and during follow-up (48-96 wk after ADT initiation). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: We used univariate logistic regression to assess the associations between BCT measurements and the primary outcomes of subsequent pathologic and nonpathologic fractures. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Among 91 eligible patients, the median ([interquartile range) age was 67 yr (62-75), 44 (48.4%) were White, and 41 (45.1%) were Black. During the median follow-up of 82 wk, 17 men (18.6%) developed a pathologic and 15 (16.5%) a nonpathologic fracture. BCT- and DXA-assessed femoral-neck BMD T scores were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.93). On baseline CT, lower BCT-assessed BMD (odds ratio [OR] 1.80, 95% confidence interval or CI [1.10, 3.25], p = 0.03) was associated with an increased risk of a pathologic fracture. Lower femoral strength (OR 1.63, 95% CI [0.99, 2.71], p = 0.06) was marginally associated with an increased risk of a pathologic fracture. Neither BMD (OR 1.52, 95% CI [0.95, 2.63], p = 0.11) nor strength (OR 1.14, 95% CI [0.75, 1.80], p = 0.57) was associated with a nonp
Published: 2024

28. Lawsone Unleashed: A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry, Biosynthesis, and Therapeutic Potentials

Author: Nair,Aathira, Sekar,Mahendran, Gan,Siew Hua, Kumarasamy,Vinoth, Subramaniyan,Vetriselvan, Wu,Yuan Seng, Mat Rani,Nur Najihah Izzati, Ravi,Subban, Wong,Ling Shing, Nair,Aathira, Sekar,Mahendran, Gan,Siew Hua, Kumarasamy,Vinoth, Subramaniyan,Vetriselvan, Wu,Yuan Seng, Mat Rani,Nur Najihah Izzati, Ravi,Subban, and Wong,Ling Shing
Abstract: Aathira Sujathan Nair,1 Mahendran Sekar,1 Siew Hua Gan,1 Vinoth Kumarasamy,2 Vetriselvan Subramaniyan,3 Yuan Seng Wu,4 Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani,5 Subban Ravi,6 Ling Shing Wong7 1School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia; 2Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia; 3Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia; 4Sunway Microbiome Centre & Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia; 5Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia; 6Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; 7Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Mahendran Sekar, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia, Email mahendran.sekar@monash.edu Vinoth Kumarasamy, Department of Parasitology & Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia, Email vinoth@ukm.edu.myAbstract: Lawsone, a naturally occurring organic compound also called hennotannic acid, obtained mainly from Lawsonia inermis (Henna). It is a potential drug-like molecule with unique chemical and biological characteristics. Traditionally, henna is used in hair and skin coloring and is also a medicinal herb for various diseases. It is also widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of various drug molecules. In this review, we investigate on the chemistry, biosynthesis, physical and biological properties of lawsone. The results showed that lawsone has potential anti
Published: 2024

29. Global DNA and RNA Methylation Signature in Response to Antipsychotic Treatment in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients

Author: Angelin,Mary, Gopinath,Padmavathi, Raghavan,Vijaya, Thara,Rangaswamy, Ahmad,Faraz, Munirajan,Arasamabattu, Sudesh,Ravi, Angelin,Mary, Gopinath,Padmavathi, Raghavan,Vijaya, Thara,Rangaswamy, Ahmad,Faraz, Munirajan,Arasamabattu, and Sudesh,Ravi
Abstract: Mary Angelin,1 Padmavathi Gopinath,1 Vijaya Raghavan,1,2 Rangaswamy Thara,2 Faraz Ahmad,3 Arasamabattu Kannan Munirajan,1 Ravi Sudesh4 1Department of Genetics, University of Madras, Dr ALM PG Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 113, India; 2Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 101, India; 3Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India; 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, IndiaCorrespondence: Ravi Sudesh, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India, Tel +91-9176028134, Email sudesh.ravi@vit.ac.in; sudesh.genetics@gmail.com Arasamabattu Kannan Munirajan, Department of Genetics, Dr. ALM PG Institute Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 113, India, Tel +91-44-24547064 ; +91-9444460136, Email akmunirajan@gmail.com; akmunirajan@unom.ac.inBackground: Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous chronic psychiatric disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors can alter epigenetic marks, which regulate gene expression and cause an array of systemic changes. Several studies have demonstrated the association of epigenetic modulations in schizophrenia, which can influence clinical course, symptoms, and even treatment. Based on this, we have examined the global DNA methylation patterns, namely the 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC); and the global RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation status in peripheral blood cells. First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) patients who were diagnosed with Schizophrenia (SCZ) and undergoing treatment were stratified as Treatment-Responsive (TR) and Treatment-Non-Responsive (TNR). Age
Published: 2024

30. Early Real-World Patient and Staff Experience with an Intracanalicular Dexamethasone Insert

Author: Nijm,Lisa, Matossian,Cynthia, Rhee,Michelle, Stephens,John, Rosselson,Maria, Majmudar,Parag, Gollamudi,Subba, Patel,Ravi, Bauskar,Aditi, Montieth,Alyssa, Vantipalli,Srilatha, Gibson,Andrea, Metzinger,Jamie, Goldstein,Michael, Gurses Ozden,Rabia, Nijm,Lisa, Matossian,Cynthia, Rhee,Michelle, Stephens,John, Rosselson,Maria, Majmudar,Parag, Gollamudi,Subba, Patel,Ravi, Bauskar,Aditi, Montieth,Alyssa, Vantipalli,Srilatha, Gibson,Andrea, Metzinger,Jamie, Goldstein,Michael, and Gurses Ozden,Rabia
Abstract: Lisa Nijm,1,2 Cynthia Matossian,3 Michelle K Rhee,4 John D Stephens,5 Maria E Rosselson,6 Parag A Majmudar,6 Subba Rao Gollamudi,7 Ravi H Patel,8 Aditi Bauskar,9 Alyssa Montieth,9 Srilatha Vantipalli,9 Andrea Gibson,9 Jamie Lynne Metzinger,9 Michael H Goldstein,9 Rabia Gurses Ozden9 1Warrenville EyeCare and LASIK, Warrenville, IL, USA; 2University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, IL, USA; 3CM Associates, LLC, New Hope, PA, USA; 4Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 5Tyson Eye, Fort Myers, FL, USA; 6Chicago Cornea Consultants, Ltd, Chicago, IL, USA; 7Eye Specialty Group, Memphis, TN, USA; 8Eye Associates of Central Texas, Round Rock, TX, USA; 9Ocular Therapeutix, Inc, Bedford, MA, USACorrespondence: Aditi Bauskar, Ocular Therapeutix, Inc, 15 Crosby Drive, Bedford, MA, 01730, USA, Tel +1 210-452-8029, Email abauskar@ocutx.comPurpose: To evaluate both the early experience of real-world patients treated with dexamethasone ophthalmic insert (0.4 mg; DEXTENZAÂ®), hereafter referred to as DEX, after cataract surgery as well as staff/practice integration of DEX relative to eyedrops.Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey study of 23 cataract practices in the United States. Respondents were patients and practice staff who had experience with DEX following cataract surgery. Both patients and practice staff completed an online survey. Descriptive statistics summarized the survey responses to portray the experience of the respondents.Results: Surveys were completed by 62 patients and 19 practice staff. Almost all patients (93%) were satisfied or extremely satisfied with DEX. Patients highly preferred DEX (93%) to topical steroid drops (7%) based on past experiences with topical steroid drops. Most practice staff (95%) were satisfied or highly satisfied with DEX, reporting a 45% reduction in time spent educating patients on postoperative drop use and a 46% decrease in time spent addressing calls from pharmacies regarding postoper
Published: 2024

31. Non-Linear Modelling and Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Actuator Applications

Author: Babu Bobba, Phaneendra, Vakil, Gaurang I, Gajala, Himavarsha, B V, Ravi Kumar, Babu Bobba, Phaneendra, Vakil, Gaurang I, Gajala, Himavarsha, and B V, Ravi Kumar
Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous motors grabbed the attention due to their intrinsic characteristics. Aerospace applications necessitate great dependability and while reducing weight, complication, fuel intake, working expenses, and environmental effects. All these demands can be fulfilled to some extent with the PMSM motors because of their characteristics. The mathematical modelling of an Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) including nonlinearities is proposed in this paper. The conventional models neglect nonlinearities such as hysteresis and eddy current losses, parameters variation with respect to rotor angle, magnetic saturation, cross-coupling effect, armature reaction, etc. The present model considers core loss and inductance varying concerning rotor position. Usually, the core loss is taken as a constant loss, but it varies with the speed. Ignoring the above parameters may deteriorate the performance of the motor in real-time compared to linear model. To validate the efficacy of the proposed model, two models are simulated in MATLAB and the results are compared.
Published: 2024

32. A Study on UPI Adoption among Marchant Outlets in Kalyana Karnataka

Author: Sreeshavittala D, Dr. Ravi. B, Sreeshavittala D, and Dr. Ravi. B
Abstract: Unified Payment Interface, abbreviated as UPI, is a mobile based digital payment system, built and operated by The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). UPI is the fastest growing and most widely used digital payment tool in India, as far as retail payments are concerned (NPCI, 2023). From UPI’s roll-out in 2015, its adoption and usage have witnessed leaps and bounds, unlike any indigenous Financial technology platform operated in India. With usage of UPI becoming popular even in the hinterlands of India, significant impact is evident with respect to financial inclusion, consumer behaviour and banking habits of our population. UPI is also, understandably, highly preferred by businesses for its reliability, ease of use, and overall utility. The present study is an attempt to understand the underlying issues concerning adoption and use of UPI by businessmen in Ballari District of Karnataka viz., factors influencing adoption. Primary data was collected from a sample of 100 merchant outlets in Ballari District drawn using judgemental sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis and Factor Analysis were carried out, after testing for reliability and statistical validity. The results show that the selected factors viz., Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI) and Facilitating Conditions (FC) all contributed significantly towards adoption and use of UPI by merchant outlets in Ballari district, together contributing towards 74% of the variance explained, thus validating the measurement model. PE was found to be the most influential factor, followed by FC, SI and EE in that order although difference between FC and SI was minimal.
Published: 2024

33. A Study on UPI Adoption among Marchant Outlets in Kalyana Karnataka

Author: Sreeshavittala D, Dr. Ravi. B, Sreeshavittala D, and Dr. Ravi. B
Abstract: Unified Payment Interface, abbreviated as UPI, is a mobile based digital payment system, built and operated by The National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). UPI is the fastest growing and most widely used digital payment tool in India, as far as retail payments are concerned (NPCI, 2023). From UPI’s roll-out in 2015, its adoption and usage have witnessed leaps and bounds, unlike any indigenous Financial technology platform operated in India. With usage of UPI becoming popular even in the hinterlands of India, significant impact is evident with respect to financial inclusion, consumer behaviour and banking habits of our population. UPI is also, understandably, highly preferred by businesses for its reliability, ease of use, and overall utility. The present study is an attempt to understand the underlying issues concerning adoption and use of UPI by businessmen in Ballari District of Karnataka viz., factors influencing adoption. Primary data was collected from a sample of 100 merchant outlets in Ballari District drawn using judgemental sampling. Descriptive statistical analysis and Factor Analysis were carried out, after testing for reliability and statistical validity. The results show that the selected factors viz., Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI) and Facilitating Conditions (FC) all contributed significantly towards adoption and use of UPI by merchant outlets in Ballari district, together contributing towards 74% of the variance explained, thus validating the measurement model. PE was found to be the most influential factor, followed by FC, SI and EE in that order although difference between FC and SI was minimal.
Published: 2024

34. Quantum-centric supercomputing for materials science: A perspective on challenges and future directions

Author: Alexeev, Yuri, Alexeev, Yuri, Amsler, Maximilian, Barroca, Marco Antonio, Bassini, Sanzio, Battelle, Torey, Camps, Daan, Casanova, David, Choi, Young Jay, Chong, Frederic T, Chung, Charles, Codella, Christopher, Córcoles, Antonio D, Cruise, James, Di Meglio, Alberto, Duran, Ivan, Eckl, Thomas, Economou, Sophia, Eidenbenz, Stephan, Elmegreen, Bruce, Fare, Clyde, Faro, Ismael, Fernández, Cristina Sanz, Ferreira, Rodrigo Neumann Barros, Fuji, Keisuke, Fuller, Bryce, Gagliardi, Laura, Galli, Giulia, Glick, Jennifer R, Gobbi, Isacco, Gokhale, Pranav, de la Puente Gonzalez, Salvador, Greiner, Johannes, Gropp, Bill, Grossi, Michele, Gull, Emanuel, Healy, Burns, Hermes, Matthew R, Huang, Benchen, Humble, Travis S, Ito, Nobuyasu, Izmaylov, Artur F, Javadi-Abhari, Ali, Jennewein, Douglas, Jha, Shantenu, Jiang, Liang, Jones, Barbara, de Jong, Wibe Albert, Jurcevic, Petar, Kirby, William, Kister, Stefan, Kitagawa, Masahiro, Klassen, Joel, Klymko, Katherine, Koh, Kwangwon, Kondo, Masaaki, Kürkçüog̃lu, Dog̃a Murat, Kurowski, Krzysztof, Laino, Teodoro, Landfield, Ryan, Leininger, Matt, Leyton-Ortega, Vicente, Li, Ang, Lin, Meifeng, Liu, Junyu, Lorente, Nicolas, Luckow, Andre, Martiel, Simon, Martin-Fernandez, Francisco, Martonosi, Margaret, Marvinney, Claire, Medina, Arcesio Castaneda, Merten, Dirk, Mezzacapo, Antonio, Michielsen, Kristel, Mitra, Abhishek, Mittal, Tushar, Moon, Kyungsun, Moore, Joel, Mostame, Sarah, Motta, Mario, Na, Young-Hye, Nam, Yunseong, Narang, Prineha, Ohnishi, Yu-ya, Ottaviani, Daniele, Otten, Matthew, Pakin, Scott, Pascuzzi, Vincent R, Pednault, Edwin, Piontek, Tomasz, Pitera, Jed, Rall, Patrick, Ravi, Gokul Subramanian, Robertson, Niall, Rossi, Matteo AC, Rydlichowski, Piotr, Ryu, Hoon, Samsonidze, Georgy, Sato, Mitsuhisa, Saurabh, Nishant, Alexeev, Yuri, Alexeev, Yuri, Amsler, Maximilian, Barroca, Marco Antonio, Bassini, Sanzio, Battelle, Torey, Camps, Daan, Casanova, David, Choi, Young Jay, Chong, Frederic T, Chung, Charles, Codella, Christopher, Córcoles, Antonio D, Cruise, James, Di Meglio, Alberto, Duran, Ivan, Eckl, Thomas, Economou, Sophia, Eidenbenz, Stephan, Elmegreen, Bruce, Fare, Clyde, Faro, Ismael, Fernández, Cristina Sanz, Ferreira, Rodrigo Neumann Barros, Fuji, Keisuke, Fuller, Bryce, Gagliardi, Laura, Galli, Giulia, Glick, Jennifer R, Gobbi, Isacco, Gokhale, Pranav, de la Puente Gonzalez, Salvador, Greiner, Johannes, Gropp, Bill, Grossi, Michele, Gull, Emanuel, Healy, Burns, Hermes, Matthew R, Huang, Benchen, Humble, Travis S, Ito, Nobuyasu, Izmaylov, Artur F, Javadi-Abhari, Ali, Jennewein, Douglas, Jha, Shantenu, Jiang, Liang, Jones, Barbara, de Jong, Wibe Albert, Jurcevic, Petar, Kirby, William, Kister, Stefan, Kitagawa, Masahiro, Klassen, Joel, Klymko, Katherine, Koh, Kwangwon, Kondo, Masaaki, Kürkçüog̃lu, Dog̃a Murat, Kurowski, Krzysztof, Laino, Teodoro, Landfield, Ryan, Leininger, Matt, Leyton-Ortega, Vicente, Li, Ang, Lin, Meifeng, Liu, Junyu, Lorente, Nicolas, Luckow, Andre, Martiel, Simon, Martin-Fernandez, Francisco, Martonosi, Margaret, Marvinney, Claire, Medina, Arcesio Castaneda, Merten, Dirk, Mezzacapo, Antonio, Michielsen, Kristel, Mitra, Abhishek, Mittal, Tushar, Moon, Kyungsun, Moore, Joel, Mostame, Sarah, Motta, Mario, Na, Young-Hye, Nam, Yunseong, Narang, Prineha, Ohnishi, Yu-ya, Ottaviani, Daniele, Otten, Matthew, Pakin, Scott, Pascuzzi, Vincent R, Pednault, Edwin, Piontek, Tomasz, Pitera, Jed, Rall, Patrick, Ravi, Gokul Subramanian, Robertson, Niall, Rossi, Matteo AC, Rydlichowski, Piotr, Ryu, Hoon, Samsonidze, Georgy, Sato, Mitsuhisa, and Saurabh, Nishant
Abstract: Computational models are an essential tool for the design, characterization, and discovery of novel materials. Computationally hard tasks in materials science stretch the limits of existing high-performance supercomputing centers, consuming much of their resources for simulation, analysis, and data processing. Quantum computing, on the other hand, is an emerging technology with the potential to accelerate many of the computational tasks needed for materials science. In order to do that, the quantum technology must interact with conventional high-performance computing in several ways: approximate results validation, identification of hard problems, and synergies in quantum-centric supercomputing. In this paper, we provide a perspective on how quantum-centric supercomputing can help address critical computational problems in materials science, the challenges to face in order to solve representative use cases, and new suggested directions.
Published: 2024

35. PMiner: Process Mining using Deep Autoencoder for Anomaly Detection and Reconstruction of Business Processes

Author: Chinnaiah, Veluru, Veerabhadram, Vadlamani, Aavula, Ravi, Aluvala, Srinivas, Chinnaiah, Veluru, Veerabhadram, Vadlamani, Aavula, Ravi, and Aluvala, Srinivas
Abstract: We proposed a deep learning-based process mining framework known as PMiner for automatic detection of anomalies in business processes. Since there are thousands of business processes in real-time applications such as e-commerce, in the presence of concurrency, they are prone to exhibit anomalies. Such anomalies if not detected and rectified, cause severe damage to businesses in the long run. Our Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled framework PMiner takes business process event longs as input and detects anomalies using a deep autoencoder. The framework exploits a deep autoencoder technique which is well-known for Its ability to discriminate anomalies. We proposed an algorithm known as Intelligent Business Process Anomaly Detector (IBPAD) to realize the framework. This algorithm learns from historical data and performs encoding and decoding procedures to detect business process anomalies automatically. Our empirical results using the BPI Challenge dataset, released by the IEEE Task Force on Process Mining, revealed that PMiner outperforms state-of-the-art methods in detecting business process anomalies. This framework helps businesses to identify process anomalies and rectify them in time to leverage business continuity prospects.
Published: 2024

36. Data Envelopment Analysis Applications in Tourism Management Research: The Evolution, Trends and Future Directions

Author: Sharma, Ravi and Sharma, Ravi
Abstract: Tourism operations and businesses depend on various indicators defining their competitiveness and eco-efficiency. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the tools widely recognized for evaluating the performance and benchmarking of the tourism industry domain sectors and services. Over time, the DEA methodology application has witnessed different interactions and inter-connectedness across the tourism sector. Through a systematic literature review and historiography using the HistCite™ tool, the study highlighted the trends and associations across the tourism management research. This will help contribute to the knowledge domain in this area, helping to understand the trends and define the path for DEA model application in tourism research. The results depict the scope of the DEA model's application in environmental and sustainability performance evaluations in tourism management. Study results will be of great significance for researchers formulating methodologies and strategies for sustainable tourism considering the current global environmental challenges.
Published: 2024

37. Video-monitorización ética de personas mayores

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Tecnología Informática y Computación, Flórez-Revuelta, Francisco, Mujirishvili, Tamara, Hashemifard, Kooshan, Ravi, Siddharth, Climent-Pérez, Pau, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Tecnología Informática y Computación, Flórez-Revuelta, Francisco, Mujirishvili, Tamara, Hashemifard, Kooshan, Ravi, Siddharth, and Climent-Pérez, Pau
Abstract: Objetivo principal. La creciente demanda de cuidado de personas mayores debido al envejecimiento de la población plantea desafíos significativos en el ámbito de la atención y el cuidado. Los sistemas basados en vídeo se han vuelto más inteligentes, lo que los hace ideales para ofrecer soluciones que requieren la monitorización remota de personas mayores. Estas soluciones pueden mejorar la calidad de vida y brindar apoyo para una vida independiente y saludable. Sin embargo, el uso de cámaras en espacios privados plantea desafíos éticos, legales y de privacidad. Metodología. La solución propuesta en este trabajo busca facilitar los cuidados de personas mayores mediante el empleo ético de cámaras para su continua monitorización remota, preservando su privacidad. Para ello, se han desarrollado algoritmos basados en inteligencia artificial que transforman las imágenes en tiempo real, pixelando o emborronando a las personas en la imagen o sustituyéndolas por avatares, preservando su privacidad al mismo tiempo que se mantiene la inteligibilidad, lo que permite evaluar situaciones que pudieran estar ocurriendo de manera similar a si se dispusiera de las imágenes originales. Resultados. Se ha pilotado el sistema en un centro de tecnología asistencial, realizando un estudio cualitativo con personas mayores y otros actores implicados en la provisión de cuidados. Nuestro estudio muestra las percepciones y experiencias de diversos usuarios con la tecnología de videovigilancia y ofrece información valiosa para el desarrollo futuro del sistema. Conclusión. Los resultados desvelan la disyuntiva entre privacidad y seguridad inherente a las tecnologías basadas en vídeo y analizan cómo los mecanismos de preservación de la privacidad del sistema mitigan los problemas relacionados con la privacidad. El estudio también identifica las distintas perspectivas de las partes interesadas respecto al sistema y destaca las posibles vías de desarrollo de tecnologías de monitorización basada en ví
Published: 2024

38. Structures of the Staphylococcus aureus ribosome inhibited by fusidic acid and fusidic acid cyclopentane

Author: González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, Selmer, Maria, González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, and Selmer, Maria
Abstract: The antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G (EF-G) and preventing its release from the ribosome after translocation. While FA, due to permeability issues, is only effective against gram-positive bacteria, the available structures of FA-inhibited complexes are from gram-negative model organisms. To fill this knowledge gap, we solved cryo-EM structures of the S. aureus ribosome in complex with mRNA, tRNA, EF-G and FA to 2.5 Å resolution and the corresponding complex structures with the recently developed FA derivative FA-cyclopentane (FA-CP) to 2.0 Å resolution. With both FA variants, the majority of the ribosomal particles are observed in chimeric state and only a minor population in post-translocational state. As expected, FA binds in a pocket between domains I, II and III of EF-G and the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA. FA-CP binds in an identical position, but its cyclopentane moiety provides additional contacts to EF-G and 23S rRNA, suggesting that its improved resistance profile towards mutations in EF-G is due to higher-affinity binding. These high-resolution structures reveal new details about the S. aureus ribosome, including confirmation of many rRNA modifications, and provide an optimal starting point for future structure-based drug discovery on an important clinical drug target.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Colonial Subjugation and Cultural Erosion in Things Fall Apart

Author: Dr. Ravi Kumar Shrestha and Dr. Ravi Kumar Shrestha
Abstract: This paper deals with British colonizers’ colonization over Nigeria, subjugation and cultural Erosion in Nigeria. On the one hand, it shows how Nigeria is endowed with their different primitive cultural practices and natural resources. Native Nigerians were happy with their indigenous cultural legacy and identity before the British colonization started. But, they became unable to govern their nation developing their natural resources and preserving their cultural practices. On the other hand, it shows the encroachment of Britishers in Nigeria. The white Europeans start implanting seeds of Christianity, education system, establish courts, and their government in Nigeria rejecting the indigenous cultural norms, social values, their ancestral spirit and divine power of cultural society. As a result, the conflict between the white intruders and African indigenous people that gets reflected in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is clearly discussed in the research. Finally, the research reflects how the novel is written as a counter-narrative that opposes western views towards African civilization. Regarding research methodology, qualitative approach becomes very contextual since the novels deals with the fictional characters and details. For a broad theoretical framework, the postcolonial theory that incorporates the idea of colonization and after effects of colonization becomes very effective. Likewise, for the theoretical tools, Edward Said’s Orientalism becomes a very applicable tool as it shows how the westerners take the orient, subjugate, dominate, exploit and colonize. Besides, Frantz Fanon’s theoretical concept of racism and Homi K. Bhabha’s theoretical concept of mimicry become effective tools for the textual analysis of the primary text.
Published: 2024

40. Colonial Subjugation and Cultural Erosion in Things Fall Apart

Author: Dr. Ravi Kumar Shrestha and Dr. Ravi Kumar Shrestha
Abstract: This paper deals with British colonizers’ colonization over Nigeria, subjugation and cultural Erosion in Nigeria. On the one hand, it shows how Nigeria is endowed with their different primitive cultural practices and natural resources. Native Nigerians were happy with their indigenous cultural legacy and identity before the British colonization started. But, they became unable to govern their nation developing their natural resources and preserving their cultural practices. On the other hand, it shows the encroachment of Britishers in Nigeria. The white Europeans start implanting seeds of Christianity, education system, establish courts, and their government in Nigeria rejecting the indigenous cultural norms, social values, their ancestral spirit and divine power of cultural society. As a result, the conflict between the white intruders and African indigenous people that gets reflected in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart is clearly discussed in the research. Finally, the research reflects how the novel is written as a counter-narrative that opposes western views towards African civilization. Regarding research methodology, qualitative approach becomes very contextual since the novels deals with the fictional characters and details. For a broad theoretical framework, the postcolonial theory that incorporates the idea of colonization and after effects of colonization becomes very effective. Likewise, for the theoretical tools, Edward Said’s Orientalism becomes a very applicable tool as it shows how the westerners take the orient, subjugate, dominate, exploit and colonize. Besides, Frantz Fanon’s theoretical concept of racism and Homi K. Bhabha’s theoretical concept of mimicry become effective tools for the textual analysis of the primary text.
Published: 2024

41. Optimizing Automated Parcel Sorting in Logistics : Integration of Closed-Loop Overflow Management Systems in Existing sorting machine

Author: Ashok, Akshay, Raja Ravi, Niruban, Ashok, Akshay, and Raja Ravi, Niruban
Abstract: Enhance the efficiency of automated parcel sorting machines by integrating a closed-loop overflow management system, focusing on identifying current challenges, critical integration factors, and conducting a cost-benefit analysis and developing guidelines for integration to optimize warehouse operations. To fulfil the purpose of the study, a single case study was conducted which included eight interviews and three observation visits at the case study company. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining literature review with a case study. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews with employees, on-site observations, and analysis of operational data. The empirical data was interpreted and analyzed through thematic data analysis and triangulation to identify patterns in the collected data. The study identified significant challenges in current linear sorting systems, including limited flexibility, inefficient overflow handling, and integration difficulties. Critical factors for implementing closed-loop systems were outlined, such as compatibility with existing sorting machine, spatial constraints, and control system integration. A cost-benefit analysis was conducted which help the company to decide whether to make design change or not, and implementation guidelines were proposed, emphasizing phased integration and continuous monitoring. The closed-loop overflow management system has the potential to significantly improve operational efficiency, reduce labor costs, and enhance overall sorting capacity. The implementation guidelines provide a practical roadmap for industry professionals planning such projects. The study is primarily based on a single case study, which may limit the generalizability of findings. The rapidly evolving nature of logistics technology means that some recommendations may become outdated. The cost-benefit analysis is based on certain assumptions and projections, which may need refinement with more extensive data.
Published: 2024

42. Exploring Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropsychiatric Disorders : Modulating Inflammation, Gut-Brain Interactions, and the Role of Butyrate

Author: Vumma, Ravi, Rode, Julia, Yang, Lin, Montero, Jessica, König, Julia, Wall, Rebecca, Hutchinson, Ashley, Venizelos, Nikolaos, Brummer, Robert Jan, Rangel, Ignacio, Vumma, Ravi, Rode, Julia, Yang, Lin, Montero, Jessica, König, Julia, Wall, Rebecca, Hutchinson, Ashley, Venizelos, Nikolaos, Brummer, Robert Jan, and Rangel, Ignacio
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Exploring Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropsychiatric Disorders : Modulating Inflammation, Gut-Brain Interactions, and the Role of Butyrate

Author: Vumma, Ravi, Rode, Julia, Yang, Lin, Montero, Jessica, König, Julia, Wall, Rebecca, Hutchinson, Ashley, Venizelos, Nikolaos, Brummer, Robert Jan, Rangel, Ignacio, Vumma, Ravi, Rode, Julia, Yang, Lin, Montero, Jessica, König, Julia, Wall, Rebecca, Hutchinson, Ashley, Venizelos, Nikolaos, Brummer, Robert Jan, and Rangel, Ignacio
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Exploring Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropsychiatric Disorders : Modulating Inflammation, Gut-Brain Interactions, and the Role of Butyrate

Author: Vumma, Ravi, Rode, Julia, Yang, Lin, Montero, Jessica, König, Julia, Wall, Rebecca, Hutchinson, Ashley, Venizelos, Nikolaos, Brummer, Robert Jan, Rangel, Ignacio, Vumma, Ravi, Rode, Julia, Yang, Lin, Montero, Jessica, König, Julia, Wall, Rebecca, Hutchinson, Ashley, Venizelos, Nikolaos, Brummer, Robert Jan, and Rangel, Ignacio
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Large-Scale Direct Growth of Monolayer MoS2 on Patterned Graphene for van der Waals Ultrafast Photoactive Circuits

Author: Sharma, Rahul, Nameirakpam, Henry, Muradas Belinchón, David, Sharma, Prince, Noumbe, Ulrich, Belotcerkovtceva, Daria, Berggren, Elin, Vretenar, Viliam, Vanco, Lubomir, Matko, Matus, Biroju, Ravi K., Satapathi, Soumitra, Edvinsson, Tomas, Lindblad, Andreas, Kamalakar, M. Venkata, Sharma, Rahul, Nameirakpam, Henry, Muradas Belinchón, David, Sharma, Prince, Noumbe, Ulrich, Belotcerkovtceva, Daria, Berggren, Elin, Vretenar, Viliam, Vanco, Lubomir, Matko, Matus, Biroju, Ravi K., Satapathi, Soumitra, Edvinsson, Tomas, Lindblad, Andreas, and Kamalakar, M. Venkata
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures combine the distinct properties of individual 2D materials, resulting in metamaterials, ideal for emergent electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic phenomena. A significant challenge in harnessing these properties for future hybrid circuits is their large-scale realization and integration into graphene interconnects. In this work, we demonstrate the direct growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals on patterned graphene channels. By enhancing control over vapor transport through a confined space chemical vapor deposition growth technique, we achieve the preferential deposition of monolayer MoS2 crystals on monolayer graphene. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the high structural integrity of the heterostructures. Through in-depth spectroscopic characterization, we unveil charge transfer in Graphene/MoS2, with MoS2 introducing p-type doping to graphene, as confirmed by our electrical measurements. Photoconductivity characterization shows that photoactive regions can be locally created in graphene channels covered by MoS2 layers. Time-resolved ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals accelerated charge decay kinetics in Graphene/MoS2 heterostructures compared to standalone MoS2 and upconversion for below band gap excitation conditions. Our proof-of-concept results pave the way for the direct growth of van der Waals heterostructure circuits with significant implications for ultrafast photoactive nanoelectronics and optospintronic applications.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Structures of the Staphylococcus aureus ribosome inhibited by fusidic acid and fusidic acid cyclopentane

Author: González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, Selmer, Maria, González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, and Selmer, Maria
Abstract: The antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G (EF-G) and preventing its release from the ribosome after translocation. While FA, due to permeability issues, is only effective against gram-positive bacteria, the available structures of FA-inhibited complexes are from gram-negative model organisms. To fill this knowledge gap, we solved cryo-EM structures of the S. aureus ribosome in complex with mRNA, tRNA, EF-G and FA to 2.5 Å resolution and the corresponding complex structures with the recently developed FA derivative FA-cyclopentane (FA-CP) to 2.0 Å resolution. With both FA variants, the majority of the ribosomal particles are observed in chimeric state and only a minor population in post-translocational state. As expected, FA binds in a pocket between domains I, II and III of EF-G and the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA. FA-CP binds in an identical position, but its cyclopentane moiety provides additional contacts to EF-G and 23S rRNA, suggesting that its improved resistance profile towards mutations in EF-G is due to higher-affinity binding. These high-resolution structures reveal new details about the S. aureus ribosome, including confirmation of many rRNA modifications, and provide an optimal starting point for future structure-based drug discovery on an important clinical drug target.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Structures of the Staphylococcus aureus ribosome inhibited by fusidic acid and fusidic acid cyclopentane

Author: González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, Selmer, Maria, González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, and Selmer, Maria
Abstract: The antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G (EF-G) and preventing its release from the ribosome after translocation. While FA, due to permeability issues, is only effective against gram-positive bacteria, the available structures of FA-inhibited complexes are from gram-negative model organisms. To fill this knowledge gap, we solved cryo-EM structures of the S. aureus ribosome in complex with mRNA, tRNA, EF-G and FA to 2.5 Å resolution and the corresponding complex structures with the recently developed FA derivative FA-cyclopentane (FA-CP) to 2.0 Å resolution. With both FA variants, the majority of the ribosomal particles are observed in chimeric state and only a minor population in post-translocational state. As expected, FA binds in a pocket between domains I, II and III of EF-G and the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA. FA-CP binds in an identical position, but its cyclopentane moiety provides additional contacts to EF-G and 23S rRNA, suggesting that its improved resistance profile towards mutations in EF-G is due to higher-affinity binding. These high-resolution structures reveal new details about the S. aureus ribosome, including confirmation of many rRNA modifications, and provide an optimal starting point for future structure-based drug discovery on an important clinical drug target.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Large-Scale Direct Growth of Monolayer MoS2 on Patterned Graphene for van der Waals Ultrafast Photoactive Circuits

Author: Sharma, Rahul, Nameirakpam, Henry, Muradas Belinchón, David, Sharma, Prince, Noumbe, Ulrich, Belotcerkovtceva, Daria, Berggren, Elin, Vretenar, Viliam, Vanco, Lubomir, Matko, Matus, Biroju, Ravi K., Satapathi, Soumitra, Edvinsson, Tomas, Lindblad, Andreas, Kamalakar, M. Venkata, Sharma, Rahul, Nameirakpam, Henry, Muradas Belinchón, David, Sharma, Prince, Noumbe, Ulrich, Belotcerkovtceva, Daria, Berggren, Elin, Vretenar, Viliam, Vanco, Lubomir, Matko, Matus, Biroju, Ravi K., Satapathi, Soumitra, Edvinsson, Tomas, Lindblad, Andreas, and Kamalakar, M. Venkata
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures combine the distinct properties of individual 2D materials, resulting in metamaterials, ideal for emergent electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic phenomena. A significant challenge in harnessing these properties for future hybrid circuits is their large-scale realization and integration into graphene interconnects. In this work, we demonstrate the direct growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals on patterned graphene channels. By enhancing control over vapor transport through a confined space chemical vapor deposition growth technique, we achieve the preferential deposition of monolayer MoS2 crystals on monolayer graphene. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the high structural integrity of the heterostructures. Through in-depth spectroscopic characterization, we unveil charge transfer in Graphene/MoS2, with MoS2 introducing p-type doping to graphene, as confirmed by our electrical measurements. Photoconductivity characterization shows that photoactive regions can be locally created in graphene channels covered by MoS2 layers. Time-resolved ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals accelerated charge decay kinetics in Graphene/MoS2 heterostructures compared to standalone MoS2 and upconversion for below band gap excitation conditions. Our proof-of-concept results pave the way for the direct growth of van der Waals heterostructure circuits with significant implications for ultrafast photoactive nanoelectronics and optospintronic applications.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Structures of the Staphylococcus aureus ribosome inhibited by fusidic acid and fusidic acid cyclopentane

Author: González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, Selmer, Maria, González-López, Adrián, Larsson, Daniel S. D., Koripella, Ravi Kiran, Cain, Brett N., Garcia Chavez, Martin, Hergenrother, Paul J., Sanyal, Suparna, and Selmer, Maria
Abstract: The antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is used to treat Staphylococcus aureus infections. It inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G (EF-G) and preventing its release from the ribosome after translocation. While FA, due to permeability issues, is only effective against gram-positive bacteria, the available structures of FA-inhibited complexes are from gram-negative model organisms. To fill this knowledge gap, we solved cryo-EM structures of the S. aureus ribosome in complex with mRNA, tRNA, EF-G and FA to 2.5 Å resolution and the corresponding complex structures with the recently developed FA derivative FA-cyclopentane (FA-CP) to 2.0 Å resolution. With both FA variants, the majority of the ribosomal particles are observed in chimeric state and only a minor population in post-translocational state. As expected, FA binds in a pocket between domains I, II and III of EF-G and the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA. FA-CP binds in an identical position, but its cyclopentane moiety provides additional contacts to EF-G and 23S rRNA, suggesting that its improved resistance profile towards mutations in EF-G is due to higher-affinity binding. These high-resolution structures reveal new details about the S. aureus ribosome, including confirmation of many rRNA modifications, and provide an optimal starting point for future structure-based drug discovery on an important clinical drug target.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

50. Large-Scale Direct Growth of Monolayer MoS2 on Patterned Graphene for van der Waals Ultrafast Photoactive Circuits

Author: Sharma, Rahul, Nameirakpam, Henry, Muradas Belinchón, David, Sharma, Prince, Noumbe, Ulrich, Belotcerkovtceva, Daria, Berggren, Elin, Vretenar, Viliam, Vanco, Lubomir, Matko, Matus, Biroju, Ravi K., Satapathi, Soumitra, Edvinsson, Tomas, Lindblad, Andreas, Kamalakar, M. Venkata, Sharma, Rahul, Nameirakpam, Henry, Muradas Belinchón, David, Sharma, Prince, Noumbe, Ulrich, Belotcerkovtceva, Daria, Berggren, Elin, Vretenar, Viliam, Vanco, Lubomir, Matko, Matus, Biroju, Ravi K., Satapathi, Soumitra, Edvinsson, Tomas, Lindblad, Andreas, and Kamalakar, M. Venkata
Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures combine the distinct properties of individual 2D materials, resulting in metamaterials, ideal for emergent electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic phenomena. A significant challenge in harnessing these properties for future hybrid circuits is their large-scale realization and integration into graphene interconnects. In this work, we demonstrate the direct growth of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals on patterned graphene channels. By enhancing control over vapor transport through a confined space chemical vapor deposition growth technique, we achieve the preferential deposition of monolayer MoS2 crystals on monolayer graphene. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals the high structural integrity of the heterostructures. Through in-depth spectroscopic characterization, we unveil charge transfer in Graphene/MoS2, with MoS2 introducing p-type doping to graphene, as confirmed by our electrical measurements. Photoconductivity characterization shows that photoactive regions can be locally created in graphene channels covered by MoS2 layers. Time-resolved ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals accelerated charge decay kinetics in Graphene/MoS2 heterostructures compared to standalone MoS2 and upconversion for below band gap excitation conditions. Our proof-of-concept results pave the way for the direct growth of van der Waals heterostructure circuits with significant implications for ultrafast photoactive nanoelectronics and optospintronic applications.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

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