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SAMMANFATTNING Datum: 2024-05-29 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 Hp Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet Författare: Nimo Mahamed Elmi Hoodo Muhumud Nimo Hassan 02/07/13 02/07/05 02/03/02 Titel: Rykteshantering inom banksektorn. Handledare: Dariusz Osowski Nyckelord: Rykteshantering, digitalisering, AI, legitimitet, RMT Forskningsfråga: Hur har digitaliseringen, speciellt artificiell intelligens påverkat hanteringen av svenska bankers digitala rykte? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska fenomenet rykte och dess hantering i en digitaliserad affärsmiljö. Utgångspunkten för studien är att göra en fördjupad undersökning av hur AI har påverkat hanteringen av ryktesrisker. Metod: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med strukturerad intervjumetod. Insamlingen av empirin gjordes genom intervjumetodik och gör empirin primärkälla. Slutsats: AI och digitaliseringen generellt har förändrat banksektorn på många sätt. Bland annat övervakningen där avancerade algoritmer och system används för att förbättra säkerheten och hanteringen av ryktesrisker. Den har också effektiviserat bankernas arbetsprocess och avlastat personalens arbetsbörda. Slutligen har den även ökat banktillgängligheten genom att erbjuda kunderna digitala plattformar som förenklat kommunikationen mellan organisation och intressent. Genom dessa strategier etablerar bankerna en hållbar digital närvaro., Date: 2024-05-29 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Nimo Mahamed Elmi Hoodo Muhumud Nimo Hassan 02/07/13 02/07/05 02/03/02 Title: Reputation management in banking sector. Supervisor: Dariusz Osowski Keywords: Reputation management, digitalization, AI, legitimacy, RMT Research question: How has digitalization, especially artificial intelligence, affected the management of Swedish bank´s digital reputation? Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the phenomenon of reputation and its management in a digitized business environment. The starting point for the study is to conduct an in-depth investigation into how AI has affected the management of reputational risks. Method: The study is a qualitative study with a semi structured interview method. The collection of the empirical evidence was done through interview methodology and makes the empirical evidence a primary source. Conclusion: AI and digitization in general have changed the banking sector in many ways. Among other things, monitoring where advanced algorithms and systems are used to improve security and the management of reputational risks. It has also streamlined the banks' work process and relieved the staff's workload. Finally, it has also increased banking accessibility by offering customers digital platforms that have simplified communication between organization and stakeholders. Through these strategies, the banks establish a sustainable digital presence.

SAMMANFATTNING Datum: 2024-05-29 Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi, 15 Hp Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet Författare: Nimo Mahamed Elmi Hoodo Muhumud Nimo Hassan 02/07/13 02/07/05 02/03/02 Titel: Rykteshantering inom banksektorn. Handledare: Dariusz Osowski Nyckelord: Rykteshantering, digitalisering, AI, legitimitet, RMT Forskningsfråga: Hur har digitaliseringen, speciellt artificiell intelligens påverkat hanteringen av svenska bankers digitala rykte? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska fenomenet rykte och dess hantering i en digitaliserad affärsmiljö. Utgångspunkten för studien är att göra en fördjupad undersökning av hur AI har påverkat hanteringen av ryktesrisker. Metod: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med strukturerad intervjumetod. Insamlingen av empirin gjordes genom intervjumetodik och gör empirin primärkälla. Slutsats: AI och digitaliseringen generellt har förändrat banksektorn på många sätt. Bland annat övervakningen där avancerade algoritmer och system används för att förbättra säkerheten och hanteringen av ryktesrisker. Den har också effektiviserat bankernas arbetsprocess och avlastat personalens arbetsbörda. Slutligen har den även ökat banktillgängligheten genom att erbjuda kunderna digitala plattformar som förenklat kommunikationen mellan organisation och intressent. Genom dessa strategier etablerar bankerna en hållbar digital närvaro., Date: 2024-05-29 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Nimo Mahamed Elmi Hoodo Muhumud Nimo Hassan 02/07/13 02/07/05 02/03/02 Title: Reputation management in banking sector. Supervisor: Dariusz Osowski Keywords: Reputation management, digitalization, AI, legitimacy, RMT Research question: How has digitalization, especially artificial intelligence, affected the management of Swedish bank´s digital reputation? Purpose: The aim of the study is to explore the phenomenon of reputation and its management in a digitized business environment. The starting point for the study is to conduct an in-depth investigation into how AI has affected the management of reputational risks. Method: The study is a qualitative study with a semi structured interview method. The collection of the empirical evidence was done through interview methodology and makes the empirical evidence a primary source. Conclusion: AI and digitization in general have changed the banking sector in many ways. Among other things, monitoring where advanced algorithms and systems are used to improve security and the management of reputational risks. It has also streamlined the banks' work process and relieved the staff's workload. Finally, it has also increased banking accessibility by offering customers digital platforms that have simplified communication between organization and stakeholders. Through these strategies, the banks establish a sustainable digital presence.

This study uses ground penetrating radar (GPR) data as constraints in the inversion of radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) data, to provide an improved model at shallow depth. We show that modification of the model regularization matrix using all GPR common-offset (CO) reflections can mislead the constrained inversion of RMT data. To avoid such problems, common mid-point (CMP) GPR data are translated to a resistivity model by introducing a new petrophysical relationship based on a combination of Topp's and Archie's equations. This model is updated through a semi-iterative method and is employed as an initial and prior model in the subsequent inversion of RMT data. Finally, a water content model that fits the GPR CMP and RMT data is derived from the resistivity model computed by the constrained inversion of RMT data. To assess the proposed scheme, it is applied to a synthetic data set. Then, real RMT data collected along an 870 m-long profile across a known aquifer situated in the north of Heby, central Sweden, are inverted. By removing the smoothness constraints across GPR CO interfaces or using CMP-based inversion, thick (> 10 m) vadose and saturated zones are resolved and shown to correlate with logs from nearby boreholes. Nevertheless, the application of our CMP-based inversion was the only efficient scheme to retrieve thin (~ 3 m) saturated zones and the water table at a depth of 7-15 m in the RMT models. The estimated models of water content are in good agreement with the available hydrogeological information in the study area.

Denna studie är en fallstudie av Equmeniakyrkans kampanj Klimatfastan, där de under 40 dagar uppmanade medarbetare och medlemmar att se över sitt klimatavtryck och göra beteendeförändringar utifrån detta. Tidigare forskning visar att religiösa miljöaktioner skiljer sig från sekulära miljöaktioner gällande metoder, fokus och budskap. Studien ämnaratt undersöka hur Klimatfastan genomfördes, vilka effekter kampanjen hade påmedlemmars miljömedvetna beteende samt vilka svårigheter och framgångsfaktorer som kunde identifieras. För attkunna dra slutsatser utifrån ett bredare perspektiv, undersöktes den nationella organisationen och en lokal församling i Equmeniakyrkan. Materialet som användes för att besvara studiens frågeställningar bestod av tre intervjuer med Equmeniakyrkans personal, en enkät riktad till en lokal församling och ett internt dokument. Resultatet visar att Equmeniakyrkansanvändning av resurser förstärktes genom användning av vad Bomberg och Hague (2018) definierar som andliga resursergenom hela processen. Detta identifierades som en framgångsfaktor för kampanjen. En skillnad mellan den nationella organisationen och den lokala församlingen var möjligheten att förutse och hantera hinder för medlemmarnas deltagande i kampanjen., This is acase study that examines the UnitingChurch in Sweden ́s (UCS) campaign “Klimatfastan” (Climate Fasting), during which members were encouraged to examine their carbon footprints and make lifestyle changes accordingly for40 days. Previous research shows that religious environmental groups differ from secular groups when it comes to methods, focus areas and messages. The aim of this study was to examine how the Climate Fastingwas implemented, which effects the campaign had on members’ pro-environmental behaviour,and which strengths and weaknesses the campaign had. To be able to draw conclusions based on a wider perspective, the campaign was examined through the lens of the national organisation and a local congregation. The material used to answer the study’s research questions consisted of three interviews with staff at UCS, a survey answered bymembers of a local congregation,and an internal document. The results show that UCS ́s use of resources was enhanced by the use of what Bomberg and Hague (2018) define asspiritual resourcesthroughout the campaign. This was identified as a strength. A difference between the national organisation and the local congregation was the ability to identify and counteract barriers for members’ participation in the campaign.

Aim: An audit of head and neck cancer cases is a need based study to find its prevalence in three north eastern districts in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Method: This is an institutional retrospective study analysis which was done Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India from 1st January 2012 to 30th July 2018. Total cases operated at the centre were 8446 out of which 2586 cases are head and neck cancer.? Results: Prevalence of head and cancer in our 7 years study contributes around 30.61%. Highest prevalence is seen in Visakhapatnam district [39%] followed by Vizianagaram [34.1%]. Males are more affected for head and neck cancers than females contributing for around 63.15% followed by females, which is around 36.85%. Oral cavity malignancies contribute to about 60.8% out of all head and neck cancers cases followed by pharynx which is around 16.2%. The least affected is the RMT which is around 0.1%. Tongue cancers are more commonly affected which is around 25.3% followed by palate which is 17.9%. People with age >50 years are more affected for head and neck cancers contributing for around 53.5% and least is seen in people with age <20 years which is around 0.9%.? Conclusion: The retrospective study hopes to quantify and analyse the spectrum of head and neck cancers in Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts of Andhra Pradesh. A tremendous effort is needed to identify its prevalence and incidence, generate awareness and establish screening, prevention and intervention modalities to meet this challenging statistical analysis.

Aim: An audit of head and neck cancer cases is a need based study to find its prevalence in three north eastern districts in Andhra Pradesh. Materials and Method: This is an institutional retrospective study analysis which was done Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India from 1st January 2012 to 30th July 2018. Total cases operated at the centre were 8446 out of which 2586 cases are head and neck cancer.? Results: Prevalence of head and cancer in our 7 years study contributes around 30.61%. Highest prevalence is seen in Visakhapatnam district [39%] followed by Vizianagaram [34.1%]. Males are more affected for head and neck cancers than females contributing for around 63.15% followed by females, which is around 36.85%. Oral cavity malignancies contribute to about 60.8% out of all head and neck cancers cases followed by pharynx which is around 16.2%. The least affected is the RMT which is around 0.1%. Tongue cancers are more commonly affected which is around 25.3% followed by palate which is 17.9%. People with age >50 years are more affected for head and neck cancers contributing for around 53.5% and least is seen in people with age <20 years which is around 0.9%.? Conclusion: The retrospective study hopes to quantify and analyse the spectrum of head and neck cancers in Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam districts of Andhra Pradesh. A tremendous effort is needed to identify its prevalence and incidence, generate awareness and establish screening, prevention and intervention modalities to meet this challenging statistical analysis.

Denna studie är en fallstudie av Equmeniakyrkans kampanj Klimatfastan, där de under 40 dagar uppmanade medarbetare och medlemmar att se över sitt klimatavtryck och göra beteendeförändringar utifrån detta. Tidigare forskning visar att religiösa miljöaktioner skiljer sig från sekulära miljöaktioner gällande metoder, fokus och budskap. Studien ämnaratt undersöka hur Klimatfastan genomfördes, vilka effekter kampanjen hade påmedlemmars miljömedvetna beteende samt vilka svårigheter och framgångsfaktorer som kunde identifieras. För attkunna dra slutsatser utifrån ett bredare perspektiv, undersöktes den nationella organisationen och en lokal församling i Equmeniakyrkan. Materialet som användes för att besvara studiens frågeställningar bestod av tre intervjuer med Equmeniakyrkans personal, en enkät riktad till en lokal församling och ett internt dokument. Resultatet visar att Equmeniakyrkansanvändning av resurser förstärktes genom användning av vad Bomberg och Hague (2018) definierar som andliga resursergenom hela processen. Detta identifierades som en framgångsfaktor för kampanjen. En skillnad mellan den nationella organisationen och den lokala församlingen var möjligheten att förutse och hantera hinder för medlemmarnas deltagande i kampanjen., This is acase study that examines the UnitingChurch in Sweden ́s (UCS) campaign “Klimatfastan” (Climate Fasting), during which members were encouraged to examine their carbon footprints and make lifestyle changes accordingly for40 days. Previous research shows that religious environmental groups differ from secular groups when it comes to methods, focus areas and messages. The aim of this study was to examine how the Climate Fastingwas implemented, which effects the campaign had on members’ pro-environmental behaviour,and which strengths and weaknesses the campaign had. To be able to draw conclusions based on a wider perspective, the campaign was examined through the lens of the national organisation and a local congregation. The material used to answer the study’s research questions consisted of three interviews with staff at UCS, a survey answered bymembers of a local congregation,and an internal document. The results show that UCS ́s use of resources was enhanced by the use of what Bomberg and Hague (2018) define asspiritual resourcesthroughout the campaign. This was identified as a strength. A difference between the national organisation and the local congregation was the ability to identify and counteract barriers for members’ participation in the campaign.

Geophysical methods are non-invasive and allow an effective way of understanding subsurface structures and their physical properties. One of the main challenges is the often non-uniqueness of the geophysical models and that several different models can explain a dataset to an agreeable fit. Moreover, noise and limitations in resolution, which are inherent to field data, are additional obstacles for obtaining a true physical property model of the subsurface. Facing all these challenges, geophysicists have dedicated their efforts for decades to recover models that represent, as close as possible, the true subsurface. Joint inversion and integration of multiple geophysical data are two main approaches that I studied to better resolve subsurface structures. I further used these approaches, together with new software and hardware implementations for data acquisition and inversion, for near-surface applications. In this thesis, radio-magnetotelluric (RMT), boat-towed RMT, boat-towed controlled source MT (CSMT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and first-arrival traveltime tomography are jointly used for quick clay investigations and fracture zone delineation under shallow water-bodies. The joint approach, as compared with any individual method, shows a better ability to both resolve the geological targets and to assist in understanding the subsurface geology that hosts these targets. For examples: by performing the joint inversion of lake-floor ERT and boat-towed RMT data, a fracture zone is better delineated with greater details compared with single inversion; by employing boat-towed CSMT measurements and jointly inverting with boat-towed RMT data, the subsurface structures, especially at greater depth, are better resolved than by inverting each dataset alone. During my PhD studies, two types of new implementations were employed. (1) Boat-towed data acquisition system was implemented to expand the RMT and CSMT method from land to shallow-water applications. This

Geophysical methods are non-invasive and allow an effective way of understanding subsurface structures and their physical properties. One of the main challenges is the often non-uniqueness of the geophysical models and that several different models can explain a dataset to an agreeable fit. Moreover, noise and limitations in resolution, which are inherent to field data, are additional obstacles for obtaining a true physical property model of the subsurface. Facing all these challenges, geophysicists have dedicated their efforts for decades to recover models that represent, as close as possible, the true subsurface. Joint inversion and integration of multiple geophysical data are two main approaches that I studied to better resolve subsurface structures. I further used these approaches, together with new software and hardware implementations for data acquisition and inversion, for near-surface applications. In this thesis, radio-magnetotelluric (RMT), boat-towed RMT, boat-towed controlled source MT (CSMT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and first-arrival traveltime tomography are jointly used for quick clay investigations and fracture zone delineation under shallow water-bodies. The joint approach, as compared with any individual method, shows a better ability to both resolve the geological targets and to assist in understanding the subsurface geology that hosts these targets. For examples: by performing the joint inversion of lake-floor ERT and boat-towed RMT data, a fracture zone is better delineated with greater details compared with single inversion; by employing boat-towed CSMT measurements and jointly inverting with boat-towed RMT data, the subsurface structures, especially at greater depth, are better resolved than by inverting each dataset alone. During my PhD studies, two types of new implementations were employed. (1) Boat-towed data acquisition system was implemented to expand the RMT and CSMT method from land to shallow-water applications. This

Geophysical methods are non-invasive and allow an effective way of understanding subsurface structures and their physical properties. One of the main challenges is the often non-uniqueness of the geophysical models and that several different models can explain a dataset to an agreeable fit. Moreover, noise and limitations in resolution, which are inherent to field data, are additional obstacles for obtaining a true physical property model of the subsurface. Facing all these challenges, geophysicists have dedicated their efforts for decades to recover models that represent, as close as possible, the true subsurface. Joint inversion and integration of multiple geophysical data are two main approaches that I studied to better resolve subsurface structures. I further used these approaches, together with new software and hardware implementations for data acquisition and inversion, for near-surface applications. In this thesis, radio-magnetotelluric (RMT), boat-towed RMT, boat-towed controlled source MT (CSMT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and first-arrival traveltime tomography are jointly used for quick clay investigations and fracture zone delineation under shallow water-bodies. The joint approach, as compared with any individual method, shows a better ability to both resolve the geological targets and to assist in understanding the subsurface geology that hosts these targets. For examples: by performing the joint inversion of lake-floor ERT and boat-towed RMT data, a fracture zone is better delineated with greater details compared with single inversion; by employing boat-towed CSMT measurements and jointly inverting with boat-towed RMT data, the subsurface structures, especially at greater depth, are better resolved than by inverting each dataset alone. During my PhD studies, two types of new implementations were employed. (1) Boat-towed data acquisition system was implemented to expand the RMT and CSMT method from land to shallow-water applications. This

Geophysical methods are non-invasive and allow an effective way of understanding subsurface structures and their physical properties. One of the main challenges is the often non-uniqueness of the geophysical models and that several different models can explain a dataset to an agreeable fit. Moreover, noise and limitations in resolution, which are inherent to field data, are additional obstacles for obtaining a true physical property model of the subsurface. Facing all these challenges, geophysicists have dedicated their efforts for decades to recover models that represent, as close as possible, the true subsurface. Joint inversion and integration of multiple geophysical data are two main approaches that I studied to better resolve subsurface structures. I further used these approaches, together with new software and hardware implementations for data acquisition and inversion, for near-surface applications. In this thesis, radio-magnetotelluric (RMT), boat-towed RMT, boat-towed controlled source MT (CSMT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and first-arrival traveltime tomography are jointly used for quick clay investigations and fracture zone delineation under shallow water-bodies. The joint approach, as compared with any individual method, shows a better ability to both resolve the geological targets and to assist in understanding the subsurface geology that hosts these targets. For examples: by performing the joint inversion of lake-floor ERT and boat-towed RMT data, a fracture zone is better delineated with greater details compared with single inversion; by employing boat-towed CSMT measurements and jointly inverting with boat-towed RMT data, the subsurface structures, especially at greater depth, are better resolved than by inverting each dataset alone. During my PhD studies, two types of new implementations were employed. (1) Boat-towed data acquisition system was implemented to expand the RMT and CSMT method from land to shallow-water applications. This

Geophysical methods are non-invasive and allow an effective way of understanding subsurface structures and their physical properties. One of the main challenges is the often non-uniqueness of the geophysical models and that several different models can explain a dataset to an agreeable fit. Moreover, noise and limitations in resolution, which are inherent to field data, are additional obstacles for obtaining a true physical property model of the subsurface. Facing all these challenges, geophysicists have dedicated their efforts for decades to recover models that represent, as close as possible, the true subsurface. Joint inversion and integration of multiple geophysical data are two main approaches that I studied to better resolve subsurface structures. I further used these approaches, together with new software and hardware implementations for data acquisition and inversion, for near-surface applications. In this thesis, radio-magnetotelluric (RMT), boat-towed RMT, boat-towed controlled source MT (CSMT), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and first-arrival traveltime tomography are jointly used for quick clay investigations and fracture zone delineation under shallow water-bodies. The joint approach, as compared with any individual method, shows a better ability to both resolve the geological targets and to assist in understanding the subsurface geology that hosts these targets. For examples: by performing the joint inversion of lake-floor ERT and boat-towed RMT data, a fracture zone is better delineated with greater details compared with single inversion; by employing boat-towed CSMT measurements and jointly inverting with boat-towed RMT data, the subsurface structures, especially at greater depth, are better resolved than by inverting each dataset alone. During my PhD studies, two types of new implementations were employed. (1) Boat-towed data acquisition system was implemented to expand the RMT and CSMT method from land to shallow-water applications. This

Fårö, Sweden´s ninth largest island, is suffering from poor groundwater management. A rampant development within tourism on Fårö to uphold its socioeconomic status has led to insufficient water quality and quantity in the municipal water supply. In order to support the progress of Fårö´s water supply, a contribution to the know-ledge of its hydrogeology is presented. Recent evolution in airborne geophysics has culminated in SkyTEM, a helicopter electromagnetic system speci-fically developed for hydrogeological surveys. For the first time after an initial pilot study, the SkyTEM system is used on a large scale in Sweden. Four areas on Gotland were investigated by the Geological Survey of Sweden, SGU, and one of these areas was Fårö. By combining data collected with SkyTEM with previously collected data and also newly acquired field measurements, new light has been shed upon Fårö´s hydrogeology. The results reveal promising potential and two previously unexploited areas on Fårö have been highlighted to have favorable hyd-rogeological conditions. Both areas are currently used only for private water supply and have sizes of 2 and 20 km2 respectively. Additionally, the boundary between fresh and saline groundwater is discussed and an updated inter-pretation following the work of Tullström (1954) is presented., Sveriges nionde största ö, Fårö, besöks årligen av över 300 000 turister. Detta enorma flöde skapar behov av infrastruktur som är svåra att tillgodose. Dricksvattentillgången har till följd av detta blivit lidande och är i dagsläget en begränsande faktor för den pågående exploateringen. En för Sverige avvikande geologisk uppbyggnad ligger dessutom till grund för bristfällig kunskap om Fårös tillgångar av grundvatten, en råvara som normalt sett tillgodoser över hälften av Sveriges dricksvattenbehov. För att undersöka förutsättningarna av att lösa dricksvattenproblematiken med hjälp av ett ökat uttag av grundvatten så presenteras här en ny bedömning av Fårös grundvattentillgångar. Bedömningen baseras på ny data som har insamlats med hjälp av helikopterburen apperatur, vilket möjliggjort en insamling av data med säkerställt god kvalite över en stor yta. Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att två områden pekas ut att ha större än tidigare kända tillgångar av grundvatten, vilket möjliggör ett ökat uttag av grundvatten i framtiden.

Today many natural disasters around the world are due to landslides. Landslides can be both life threatening and pose high extra expenses due to damages made on houses, etc. In Sweden are landslides often connected to a particular soil type called quick clay. Even though this type of soil and its connection to landslides have been investigated for a long time, more knowledge about the geological structures that control and trigger such events are still crucial. In Fråstad, an old landslide site in the southwest of Sweden, a considerable number of different investigations such as geotechnical and geophysical measurements have been made to get a better understanding about the key structures. In this report, results from direct current resistivity (DCR) and electromagnetic (EM) methods have been presented, to create resistivity sections with detailed information about the variation of the physical properties of the subsurface structures. One profile has together with borehole and reflection seismic data been analyzed and compared to results from previous investigations in the area. The analyses were used to determine spatial variations in the overburden and to evaluate the usefulness of these methods.Geoelectrical multiple electrode data, often referred to as electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data were acquired with a small electrode distance of 2 m to increase the vertical and lateral resolution. However, the resulting resistivity model does not provide any significant extra information compared to the radio magnetotelluric (RMT) data collected along the same profile with station spacing of 20 m. The ERT method is more sensitive to high resistivity structures and the RMT to the low resistivity structures and therefore a combination can be useful to detect both types of structures. Joint inversion of ERT and RMT was also tested, but the large differences between the station spacing caused oscillatory artifacts in the final resistivity model from the inversion. Du, Validerat; 20140819 (global_studentproject_submitter)

El present projecte és un estudi del domini de les RMT i dels diferents softwares del mercat amb funcionalitats que donin suport a activitats relacionades amb l'Eng. de requisits. El resultat consisteix en una descripció completa del domini, un model de qualitat i l'avaluació d'algunes eines.

Textual analysis assisted by computer techniques has been applied to the enormous amount of evidence of the recovered memory Södertälje case. This approach disclosed that the narratives about sexual and ritual abuse had no foundation in reality. The approach also managed to reveal what person (not any of the more plausible suspects) had manufactured and indoctrinated the narratives. The father was unanimously convicted by all courts, and the 27 judges overlooked what parts of the evidence had genuine implications for the question of guilt., Fulltextversioner (25 sidor vardera) finns i bilagorna på engelska, svenska och danska. Max Scharnbergs bok "Textual analysis of a recovered memory trial assisted by computer search for keywords " (2009) kan laddas hem i fulltext från nätadresser angivna i de tre bilagorna här.

Radio Communication technologies are undergoing drastic demand over the past two decades. The precious radio resource, electromagnetic radio spectrum, is in vain as technology advances. It is required to come up with a solution to improve its wise uses. Cognitive Radio enabled by Software-Defined Radio brings an intelligent solution to efficiently use the Radio Spectrum. It is a method to aware the radio communication system to be able to adapt to its radio environment like signal power and free spectrum holes. The approach will pose a question on how to efficiently detect a signal. In this thesis different spectrum sensing algorithm will be explained and a special concentration will be on new sensing algorithm based on the Eigenvalues of received signal. The proposed method adapts blind signal detection approach for applications that lacks knowledge about signal, noise and channel property. There are two methods, one is ratio of the Maximum Eigenvalue to Minimum Eigenvalue and the second is ratio of Signal Power to Minimum Eigenvalue. Random Matrix theory (RMT) is a branch of mathematics and it is capable in analyzing large set of data or in a conclusive approach it provides a correlation points in signals or waveforms. In the context of this thesis, RMT is used to overcome both noise and channel uncertainties that are common in wireless communication. Simulations in MATLAB and real-time measurements in LabVIEW are implemented to test the proposed detection algorithms. The measurements were performed based on received signal from an IF-5641R Transceiver obtained from National Instruments.

Radio Communication technologies are undergoing drastic demand over the past two decades. The precious radio resource, electromagnetic radio spectrum, is in vain as technology advances. It is required to come up with a solution to improve its wise uses. Cognitive Radio enabled by Software-Defined Radio brings an intelligent solution to efficiently use the Radio Spectrum. It is a method to aware the radio communication system to be able to adapt to its radio environment like signal power and free spectrum holes. The approach will pose a question on how to efficiently detect a signal. In this thesis different spectrum sensing algorithm will be explained and a special concentration will be on new sensing algorithm based on the Eigenvalues of received signal. The proposed method adapts blind signal detection approach for applications that lacks knowledge about signal, noise and channel property. There are two methods, one is ratio of the Maximum Eigenvalue to Minimum Eigenvalue and the second is ratio of Signal Power to Minimum Eigenvalue. Random Matrix theory (RMT) is a branch of mathematics and it is capable in analyzing large set of data or in a conclusive approach it provides a correlation points in signals or waveforms. In the context of this thesis, RMT is used to overcome both noise and channel uncertainties that are common in wireless communication. Simulations in MATLAB and real-time measurements in LabVIEW are implemented to test the proposed detection algorithms. The measurements were performed based on received signal from an IF-5641R Transceiver obtained from National Instruments.

Textual analysis assisted by computer techniques has been applied to the enormous amount of evidence of the recovered memory Södertälje case. This approach disclosed that the narratives about sexual and ritual abuse had no foundation in reality. The approach also managed to reveal what person (not any of the more plausible suspects) had manufactured and indoctrinated the narratives. The father was unanimously convicted by all courts, and the 27 judges overlooked what parts of the evidence had genuine implications for the question of guilt., Fulltextversioner (25 sidor vardera) finns i bilagorna på engelska, svenska och danska. Max Scharnbergs bok "Textual analysis of a recovered memory trial assisted by computer search for keywords " (2009) kan laddas hem i fulltext från nätadresser angivna i de tre bilagorna här.

Textual analysis assisted by computer techniques has been applied to the enormous amount of evidence of the recovered memory Södertälje case. This approach disclosed that the narratives about sexual and ritual abuse had no foundation in reality. The approach also managed to reveal what person (not any of the more plausible suspects) had manufactured and indoctrinated the narratives. The father was unanimously convicted by all courts, and the 27 judges overlooked what parts of the evidence had genuine implications for the question of guilt., Fulltextversioner (25 sidor vardera) finns i bilagorna på engelska, svenska och danska. Max Scharnbergs bok "Textual analysis of a recovered memory trial assisted by computer search for keywords " (2009) kan laddas hem i fulltext från nätadresser angivna i de tre bilagorna här.

Textual analysis assisted by computer techniques has been applied to the enormous amount of evidence of the recovered memory Södertälje case. This approach disclosed that the narratives about sexual and ritual abuse had no foundation in reality. The approach also managed to reveal what person (not any of the more plausible suspects) had manufactured and indoctrinated the narratives. The father was unanimously convicted by all courts, and the 27 judges overlooked what parts of the evidence had genuine implications for the question of guilt., Fulltextversioner (25 sidor vardera) finns i bilagorna på engelska, svenska och danska. Max Scharnbergs bok "Textual analysis of a recovered memory trial assisted by computer search for keywords " (2009) kan laddas hem i fulltext från nätadresser angivna i de tre bilagorna här.

Textual analysis assisted by computer techniques has been applied to the enormous amount of evidence of the recovered memory Södertälje case. This approach disclosed that the narratives about sexual and ritual abuse had no foundation in reality. The approach also managed to reveal what person (not any of the more plausible suspects) had manufactured and indoctrinated the narratives. The father was unanimously convicted by all courts, and the 27 judges overlooked what parts of the evidence had genuine implications for the question of guilt., Fulltextversioner (25 sidor vardera) finns i bilagorna på engelska, svenska och danska. Max Scharnbergs bok "Textual analysis of a recovered memory trial assisted by computer search for keywords " (2009) kan laddas hem i fulltext från nätadresser angivna i de tre bilagorna här.

The interpretation of airborne VLF data represents an important aspect of geophysical mapping of the upper few hundred meters of the Earth's crust, especially in areas with crystalline rocks. We have examined the ability of the single frequency VLF method to provide quantitative subsurface resistivity information using two generic models and standard airborne parameters with a flight altitude of 70 m and a frequency of 16 kHz. The models are long thin conductor (10 in thick, 10 Omega in resistivity and 1 km long) and a wider buried conductive dike (100 Omega m resistivity and 500 m wide). Using standard regularized inversion it turned out that for both models the conductivity of the conductors are underestimated and the vertical resolution is rather poor. The lateral positions of the minimum of the resistivity distributions coincide well with the true positions of the shallow conductors. For deeper conductors the position of the minimum resistivity moves from the edges of the conductor into the conductor. The depth to the minimum of the resistivity anomalies correlates well with the true depth to the top of the conductors although the latter is always smaller than the former. Interpretation of field airborne data collected at 70 in flight height resolved both small scale and large scale near surface conductors (conductance similar to 1 S). Deeper conductors show up in the VLF data as very long wavelength anomalies that are particularly powerful in delineating the lateral boundaries of the conductors. Many of the VLF anomalies in the Stockholm area are dominated by these deep conductor responses with some near surface conductors superimposed. The deep conductors often follow topographic lows coinciding with metasediments. We interpret the frequent absence of near surface responses at 70 in flight height as a result of weak coupling between the primary VLF wave and the small scale (in all three dimensions) near-surface conductors. Radio magnetotelluric (RMT) ground me

The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust. Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland. A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion alg

The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust. Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland. A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion alg

The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust. Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland. A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion alg

The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust. Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland. A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion alg

The resolution power of single Very Low Frequency (VLF) data and multi-frequency Radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) data in delineating conductive structures typical for the sedimentary cover and crystalline basement in Scandinavia is studied with a view to future developments of the technique to increasing the frequency range into the LW radio band. Airborne and ground VLF data are interpreted and correlated with RMT measurements made on the ground to better understand the resolution power of VLF data. To aid in this understanding single and multifrequency VLF and RMT responses for some typical resistivity structures are analyzed. An analytic model is presented for obtaining unique transfer functions from measurements of the electromagnetic components on board an air-plane or on the ground. Examples of 2D inversion of ground and airborne VLF profiles in Sweden are shown to demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of VLF data in terms of both lateral and depth changes of the resistivity in the uppermost crust. Geothermal resources are ideal targets for Electromagnetic (EM) methods since they produce strong variations in underground electrical resistivity. Modelling of Magnetotelluric (MT) data in SW Iceland indicates an alteration zone beneath the surface, where there are no obvious geothermal manifestations, in between Hengill and Brennisteinsfjoll geothermal systems. It suggests that a hydrothermal fluid circulation exists at depth. It also proves that the MT method, with its ability to map deep conductive features can play a valuable role in the reconnaissance of deep geothermal systems in active rift regimes such as in Iceland. A damped nonlinear least-squares inversion approach is employed to invert Controlled Source Tensor MT (CSTMT) data for azimuthal anisotropy in a 1D layered earth. Impedance and tipper data are inverted jointly. The effects of near-surface inhomogeneities are parameterized in addition to each layer parameter(s). Application of the inversion alg

In the frame of an EU project, a new electromagnetic prospecting instrument was designed and constructed for environmental and engineering applications. The instrument works in the frequency domain in the band 1-250 kHz, whereby the collected data can be used to study the variation of ground resistivity from the surface to a maximum depth of few hundred meters. The system is operational in two modes, the Radio Magnetotelluric (RMT) and the Controlled Source Tensor Magnetotelluric (CSTMT). The RMT method makes use of the signals generated by powerful distant radio transmitters operating in the frequency range 14-250 kHz. The CSTMT technique, with a remotely controllable double magnetic dipole source covering the band 1-100 kHz, is utilized when deeper targets are aimed at or low resistivity terrains are studied. With the aid of user-friendly database software the collected data can be visualized and modeled in1D, directly in the field. In November 1998, the first test survey at the Collendoorn dumpsite in the Netherlands was conducted to map the vertical boundaries and lateral extensions of the pollution plume along four RMT profiles located east of the dumpsite. The results of 1D inversion of the data correlated well with the bore-hole logs, revealing that the estimated resistivities and depths to the top of the pollution plume were realistic. The pollution plume appears to be extending more in the northern part. Another test was carried out north of Uppsala, at Skediga in Sweden, using both RMT and CSTMT techniques, to study the morphology of a clay-sandy aquifer. The depth of the resistive crystalline bedrock as estimated by 1D and 2D inversion of the EnviroMT data is in good agreement with bore-hole data. To the east, towards River Fyris the conductive clay lenses become thicker.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies investigating motor cortex reorganization in clinical populations use a variety of measurements, with some performed at rest and others with the muscle slightly contracted. Surprisingly there are still a limited number of studies focusing on relationship between TMS-measures obtained at rest and during active muscle contraction in healthy individuals. The purpose of this study was to: 1) compare resting and active TMS-measures and assess their association; 2) determine their respective short- and long-term reliability. Motor threshold (MT), motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitude, map area, normalized map volume, map center of gravity (CoG) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle were assessed in 12 healthy subjects. Subjects were tested three times (with a short (four days) and a long (>1 month) inter-session interval). No significant difference was found between resting and active measures, except for MT. Active MT was on average at 82% of resting MT. Good short- and long-term reliability were found for MT and CoG (in resting and active conditions), for the SICI and MEP amplitude at rest and for the normalized map volume under active condition. In conclusion, maps of FDI muscle obtained at rest and during active contraction are very similar to each other in healthy individuals when differences in MT are taken into account. Most TMS measures present good reliability when obtained under the appropriate condition, with comparable short-term and long-term reliability.