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Over the course of time, dystopias have become one of the prevailing modes of approaching a critique of reality. In the 21st century we witness a new boom in the genre, in which the relationship between crisis and dystopia has become closer. The threats that loom over our times (among which military conflicts, economic crisis, ecological emergency and rising right-wing populism are the most noteworthy), are captured in these dystopias in the form of images such as those of ruins or totalitarianisms. Thus, and following the premise of the repetition of history, dystopias turn to the past of the Western world as a way of lecturing about the present, in order to avoid the same mistakes of previous times. However, in this reified repetition of history, dystopian images tend to avoid the connections that link it not only to the present crises but also to the future dystopian debacle. To this end, we understand that the recurrence of history collaborates to its oblivion, thereby reinforcing the «reflexive impotence» which characterizes our times, according to Mark Fisher (2018). In order to confirm such hypotheses, this article aims to inquire into some of the main tropes of the most successful cinematic dystopias of our times, in an attempt to elucidate the discourses behind such reification., Con el paso del tiempo, las distopías han acabado por constituirse como una de las formas predilectas a la hora de abordar la crítica a la realidad. En el siglo xxi atendemos a un nuevo auge del género, en el que la relación entre crisis y distopía se ha vuelto aún más evidente. Las amenazas que se ciernen sobre nuestros tiempos (entre las que destacan los conflictos bélicos, la crisis económica, la emergencia ecológica y el auge de los populismos de derechas), se plasman en estas distopías a través de imágenes como las de las ruinas o los totalitarismos. Así, y bajo la máxima de la repetición de la historia, las distopías recurren al pasado del mundo occidental como forma de aleccionarnos sobre nuestro presente, a fin de evitar cometer los errores de antaño. No obstante, en esta repetición reificada de la historia, las imágenes distópicas tienden a soslayar los vínculos que la conectan no solo con las crisis actuales sino, también, con la debacle distópica futura. En este sentido, entendemos que el retorno de la historia colabora al olvido de la misma, reforzando, de esta manera, la «impotencia reflexiva» que, según Mark Fisher (2018), caracteriza a nuestros tiempos. A fin de confirmar tales hipótesis, el presente artículo se propone indagar en algunos de los principales tropos de las distopías cinematográficas más exitosas de nuestros tiempos, intentando con ello dilucidar los discursos que se esconden detrás de tal reificación.

In an analytical way, Simone Weil’s answer to the question formulated by Machiavelli at the beginning of modernity, the question of the use of evil, is presented here. This question is inscribed in the long reflection that the French author made on the logic between means and ends that fatally governs our culture and leads to a constant inversion in which the means become the true end. Understanding that these two questions constitute the core of any political thought, which deals with the organization of our life in common, Simone Weil could not but deal intensely with it, from the beginning to the end of her work., De manera analítica pretende exponerse aquí la respuesta de Simone Weil a la cuestión que dejara formulada en el inicio de la modernidad, Maquiavelo, la cuestión del uso del mal. Esta cuestión queda inscrita en toda la larga reflexión que la autora francesa hiciera sobre la lógica entre medios y fines que fatalmente rige nuestra cultura, y conduce a una constante inversión en la que los medios se convierten en el auténtico fin. Entendiendo que estas dos cuestiones constituyen el núcleo de todo pensamiento político, que se ocupe de la organización de nuestra vida en común, Simone Weil no podía por menos de ocuparse intensamente en ello, de principio a fin de su obra.

This paper takes up Axel Honneth’s suggestion that we, in the 21st century Western world, should revisit the Marxian idea of reification; unlike Honneth, however, this paper applies reification to the ways in which humans relate to non-human animals, particularly in the context of scientific experiments. Thinking about these practices through the lens of reification, the paper argues, yields a more helpful understanding of what is regarded as problematic in those practices than the standard animal rights approaches. The second part of the paper offers ways of overcoming reification that go beyond Honneth’s idea of recognition by introducing Iris Murdoch’s idea of attention. This proposed strategy makes the ethical relevance of reification more salient and makes it possible to counter reification through a practice such as attention which, unlike recognition, can be consciously established., ento článek navazuje na návrh Axela Honnetha, že bychom se v západním světě 21. století měli vrátit k Marxově myšlence reifikace; na rozdíl od Honnetha však tento článek aplikuje reifikaci na způsoby, jakými se lidé vztahují k ne-lidským zvířatům, zejména v kontextu vědeckých experimentů. Článek tvrdí, že přemýšlení o těchto praktikách optikou reifikace umožňuje lépe porozumět tomu, co je v těchto praktikách považováno za problematické, než standardní přístupy k právům zvířat. Druhá část příspěvku nabízí způsoby překonání reifikace, které jdou nad rámec Honnethovy myšlenky uznání, a představuje myšlenku pozornosti Iris Murdochové. Tato navrhovaná strategie zvýrazňuje etickou relevanci reifikace a umožňuje čelit reifikaci prostřednictvím praxe, jako je pozornost, kterou lze na rozdíl od uznání vědomě zavést.

In this article we discuss some of the main biases surrounding academic studies on sexual harassment in the workplace. To do so, we resort to Political Economy, a discipline that allows us to reposition aspects such as the organizational climate or the effects of harassment on the profitability of organizations. In this sense, we offer a systematic perspective based on a qualitative study carried out in Ecuador with sixteen discussion groups formed by men and women of different professional profiles. Through the analysis of their experiences, we highlight that the reification of the workforce is decisive to turn the sexuality of workers a productive resource in the hands of organizations. Analyzing this process, we end by pointing to the necessity of solutions not based solely on individual responsibility or depending on profitability, but rather on the de-commodification of the workforce by social action., En este artículo discutimos algunos de los principales sesgos que rodean los estudios académicos sobre el acoso sexual en el trabajo. Para ello recurrimos a la Economía Política, disciplina que nos permite reposicionar aspectos como el clima organizacional o los efectos del acoso sobre la rentabilidad de las organizaciones. En este sentido, ofrecemos una perspectiva sistemática a partir de un estudio cualitativo realizado en Ecuador con dieciséis grupos de discusión formados por hombres y mujeres de diferentes perfiles profesionales. A través del análisis de sus experiencias, destacamos que la reificación de la fuerza de trabajo es decisiva para convertir la sexualidad de los trabajadores en un recurso productivo en manos de las organizaciones. Analizando este proceso, terminamos señalando la necesidad de soluciones no basadas únicamente en la responsabilidad individual o en función de la rentabilidad, sino en la desmercantilización de la fuerza de trabajo por la acción social.

Das Kernstück dieser Arbeit bildet die Untersuchung der Schriften zur Pressefreiheit des jungen Marx aus dem Jahr 1842. Marx unterscheidet dort die äußere Unfreiheit der Presse - die Zensur - von der inneren Unfreiheit, die er in der Unterwerfung der Presse- unter die Gewerbefreiheit erkennt. Von Marx’ Überlegungen ausgehend wird in den darauf folgenden Kapiteln einerseits untersucht, welche Formwechsel die äußere Unfreiheit der Zensur in der zweiten Hälfte des langen 19. Jahrhunderts vollzog und andererseits analysiert, wie sich mit der Durchsetzung der kapitalistischen Geschäftspresse auf Grundlage der industriellen Massenproduktion die innere Unfreiheit manifestierte. Inspiriert von der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie wird Zensur als gesellschaftliches Verhältnis begriffen, dessen Formen sich einhergehend mit dem Formwechsel der Herrschaft und Knechtung transformieren. Die Untersuchung setzt ein beim Formwechsel von der bürokratischen Vorzensur zur administrativ-materiellen Zensur nach der gescheiterten Revolution 1848. Mit ersterer Zensurform versuchte die Feudalherrschaft vergeblich das Bürgertum zu gängeln, mit letzterer wollten die besitzenden Klassen des Bürgertums und des Adels sich vor dem Proletariat schützen. Der letzte Formwechsel, der untersucht wird, resultiert in der immanent-materiellen Zensur, die sich mit der kapitalistischen Geschäftspresse auf der technischen Grundlage der industriellen Massenproduktion und der rechtlichen Grundlage der Pressefreiheit herausgebildet hat. Meine These lautet, dass sich die mit der Herrschaft verschlungene Zensur von einer persönlichen in eine unpersönliche, durch Dinge vermittelte, verwandelt hat. Wurde der erste Formwechsel zur administrativ-materiellen Zensur noch bewusst von den herrschenden Klassen durchgesetzt, vollzog sich der Formwechsel zur immanent-materiellen Zensur bewusstlos. Diese Form wohnt der kapitalistischen Herrschaft als stumme Zensur der Verhältnisse inne. An diesem Punkt vereinigt sie sich mit, The centrepiece of this study is the analysis of Marx's early writings on the freedom of the press in 1842. Marx distinguishes between the external bondage of the press - i.e., censorship -, and the inner bondage defined as the submission of the freedom of the press under the economic freedom. On the basis of Marx's concept, I analyse on the one hand the metamorphoses of censorship in the second half of the long 19th century. On the other hand, I analyse how the inner bondage of the press manifests itself on the basis of the enforcement of the capitalist press and the industrial mass production. Inspired by Marx's critique of political economy, I perceive censorship as a social relation whose manifestations transform along with the metamorphoses of domination and servitude. The first metamorphosis, which I analyse, is the transformation of the bureaucratic pre-censorship into the administrative-material censorship after the failed revolution in 1848. With the former form the feudal class attempted to hold the bourgeoisie at bay. When these two classes realised that they were both threatened by the same dangerous enemy - the working class -, they built a class coalition of the haves against the have-nots. The administrative-material censorship was a defensive means used by that coalition. The last metamorphosis, which I analyse, is the transformation of the administrative-material into the immanent-material censorship which evolved along with the capitalist press and the freedom of the press on the basis of capitalist industrial mass production. My thesis is that censorship, intertwined with domination, was transformed from a personal into an impersonal social relation mediated by things. While the first metamorphosis was a conscious act by the ruling classes, the second metamorphosis took place unconsciously. Its result, the immanent-material censorship, is a part of the mute compulsion of capitalist domination. At this point of the historical development the mute c

This paper presents a comparative account of the respective developments of Th. W. Adorno’s and G. Lukács’ rescue of Marxist Philosophy. It is important how they utilize the notion of reification and commodity fetishism to articulate their theories of social domination., Este trabajo propone una lectura de los momentos de continuidad y diferencia que existen entre las propuestas de recuperación de la filosofía marxista de Th. W. Adorno y G. Lukács, prestando especial atención a la manera en la que ambos desarrollan su teoría de la cosificación y el fetichismo de la mercancía.

This paper presents a comparative account of the respective developments of Th. W. Adorno’s and G. Lukács’ rescue of Marxist Philosophy. It is important how they utilize the notion of reification and commodity fetishism to articulate their theories of social domination., Este trabajo propone una lectura de los momentos de continuidad y diferencia que existen entre las propuestas de recuperación de la filosofía marxista de Th. W. Adorno y G. Lukács, prestando especial atención a la manera en la que ambos desarrollan su teoría de la cosificación y el fetichismo de la mercancía.

In the autumn of 2017, more than 2,000 female and non-binary artists and designers in Sweden joined forces in the group #konstnärligfrihet [artistic freedom] to share experiences of sexism, sexual harassment, and sexual violence, and to write a joint petition. Using a media timeline and semi-structured interviews, this article aims to situate #metoo in a larger narrative and investigate how sexual harassment within the Swedish art industry is explained and understood by 13 activists and representatives of art institutions. Our results show that there is a strong connection between oppression and economic exploitation. The art industry is characterized by precarious economic and social relations, but also by the idea of the genius and elitist ambitions of standing outside the social order and embodying an unexploitable particularity. This combination is crucial to understanding sexual harassment in the industry. A central theme in the interviews was the feeling of grief and frustration of not being allowed to work freely as an artist but forced to constantly navigate invisible but tangible structures. These structures are maintained performatively through various acts of oppression that are part of a reification process, which systematically limits the livability of the exposed identities. During #metoo, this reification process was counteracted and turned against the oppressors themselves through an objectification of “men” as oppressors. Another finding relates to the interviewees’ understanding of sexual harassment as based upon power. Here, the positions of powerful and powerless were not univocal. As power intertwines with desire and vulnerability, oppressive acts can be multifaceted and ambivalent, and take place as part of a dynamic negotiation of positions in the informal economic system.

The present study seeks to examine musical interaction in online education. Although the study focuses on how teachers have adapted their teaching methods to the new circumstances dictated by the still-ongoing covid-19 pandemic, the ambition has also been to investigate how a beneficial music education online could be conducted in order to promote a global teaching environment with sustainable travelling habits. The research has been driven by a curiosity about how the human mind experiences time and uses tools in order to create meaning and social networks. Thus, the research questions are aimed at investigating the term ‘musical interaction’ and how it has been affected by online education. Since the study focuses on the teachers’ point of view, another important topic is how the teachers have transformed their methods when teaching online. As social connections are of importance for all kinds of interaction, and technology plays a major part in creating the basis for online education, social constructionist theories that combine these areas, such as actor-network theory, mediation and reification, have been chosen as a framework for the analysis of the empirical material. The core of the empirical data consists of six interviews with teachers from different schools that have shifted to online education. The results show that four themes stand out when describing what affects the decisions connected to musical interaction in online education have in this special context. The first theme is the pandemic, which by its unpredictability ruins all forms of continuity. The second is the network, which sets the premises for what is feasible when interacting online. Third is online teaching, which requires extensive planning and calls for a more passive attitude when conducting lessons. The final theme is the view of what musical interaction ought to be compared to what a broader definition is suggesting. The final discussion considers new ways of looking at musical inter, Ambitionen med föreliggande studie är att undersöka musikaliskt samspel i musikundervisning online. Även om studien fokuserar på hur lärare har anpassat sin metodik under den pågående Covid-19-epidemin, har ambitionen även varit att undersöka hur framtida onlineundervisning i musik skulle kunna genomföras i en globaliserad värld där hållbart resande blivit en förutsättning för att motverka ytterligare klimatförändringar. Forskningen har drivits av en nyfikenhet för hur människan upplever olika aspekter av fenomenet tid och av hur hon använder redskap för att skapa mening och sociala nätverk. Forskningsfrågorna utgår således från vad musikaliskt sampel kan vara och hur detta samspel påverkats av musikundervisning online. I alla former av samspel är social interaktion och teknik som underlättar interaktionen utav yttersta vikt. Av denna anledning har den teoretiska grunden i studien varit socialkonstruktionism med dragning åt teorier som ger föremål och artefakter handlingsutrymme (agens) på ett sätt som vanligtvis endast föräras människor. Några konkreta teorier som används är: aktör-nätverksteori, mediering och reifikation. Det empiriska materialet består av sex djupgående intervjuer med lärare från olika skolformer, vilka alla i någon form bedrivit verksamheten på distans. I resultatdelen redovisas den påverkan som onlineundervisningen haft på det musikaliska samspelet och den metodik som lärarna bedrivit. Fyra teman introduceras för att på så sätt lyfta fram nya perspektiv i det empiriska materialet. Pandemin, som med sin oberäknelighet har gjort det svårt att få en kontinuitet i undervisningen. Nätverket, som sätter upp premisserna för vad som är genomförbart i onlineundervisning. Onlineundervisning, vilken kräver noggrann planering och ett förändrat och ofta mer passivt förhållningssätt när undervisningen bedrivs. Slutligen undersöks vad som ryms i begreppet musikaliskt samspel och vad en vidgning av detta begrepp skulle kunna innebära. Den avslutande diskussion

"Fruitful approaches: Queer Theory and Historical Materialism in contemporary Australian fiction" investigates the application of Historical Materialist ontologies to gay-themed, contemporary Australian novels, examining these subjects through the lens of totality and reification.

The present study seeks to examine musical interaction in online education. Although the study focuses on how teachers have adapted their teaching methods to the new circumstances dictated by the still-ongoing covid-19 pandemic, the ambition has also been to investigate how a beneficial music education online could be conducted in order to promote a global teaching environment with sustainable travelling habits. The research has been driven by a curiosity about how the human mind experiences time and uses tools in order to create meaning and social networks. Thus, the research questions are aimed at investigating the term ‘musical interaction’ and how it has been affected by online education. Since the study focuses on the teachers’ point of view, another important topic is how the teachers have transformed their methods when teaching online. As social connections are of importance for all kinds of interaction, and technology plays a major part in creating the basis for online education, social constructionist theories that combine these areas, such as actor-network theory, mediation and reification, have been chosen as a framework for the analysis of the empirical material. The core of the empirical data consists of six interviews with teachers from different schools that have shifted to online education. The results show that four themes stand out when describing what affects the decisions connected to musical interaction in online education have in this special context. The first theme is the pandemic, which by its unpredictability ruins all forms of continuity. The second is the network, which sets the premises for what is feasible when interacting online. Third is online teaching, which requires extensive planning and calls for a more passive attitude when conducting lessons. The final theme is the view of what musical interaction ought to be compared to what a broader definition is suggesting. The final discussion considers new ways of looking at musical inter, Ambitionen med föreliggande studie är att undersöka musikaliskt samspel i musikundervisning online. Även om studien fokuserar på hur lärare har anpassat sin metodik under den pågående Covid-19-epidemin, har ambitionen även varit att undersöka hur framtida onlineundervisning i musik skulle kunna genomföras i en globaliserad värld där hållbart resande blivit en förutsättning för att motverka ytterligare klimatförändringar. Forskningen har drivits av en nyfikenhet för hur människan upplever olika aspekter av fenomenet tid och av hur hon använder redskap för att skapa mening och sociala nätverk. Forskningsfrågorna utgår således från vad musikaliskt sampel kan vara och hur detta samspel påverkats av musikundervisning online. I alla former av samspel är social interaktion och teknik som underlättar interaktionen utav yttersta vikt. Av denna anledning har den teoretiska grunden i studien varit socialkonstruktionism med dragning åt teorier som ger föremål och artefakter handlingsutrymme (agens) på ett sätt som vanligtvis endast föräras människor. Några konkreta teorier som används är: aktör-nätverksteori, mediering och reifikation. Det empiriska materialet består av sex djupgående intervjuer med lärare från olika skolformer, vilka alla i någon form bedrivit verksamheten på distans. I resultatdelen redovisas den påverkan som onlineundervisningen haft på det musikaliska samspelet och den metodik som lärarna bedrivit. Fyra teman introduceras för att på så sätt lyfta fram nya perspektiv i det empiriska materialet. Pandemin, som med sin oberäknelighet har gjort det svårt att få en kontinuitet i undervisningen. Nätverket, som sätter upp premisserna för vad som är genomförbart i onlineundervisning. Onlineundervisning, vilken kräver noggrann planering och ett förändrat och ofta mer passivt förhållningssätt när undervisningen bedrivs. Slutligen undersöks vad som ryms i begreppet musikaliskt samspel och vad en vidgning av detta begrepp skulle kunna innebära. Den avslutande diskussion

The present study seeks to examine musical interaction in online education. Although the study focuses on how teachers have adapted their teaching methods to the new circumstances dictated by the still-ongoing covid-19 pandemic, the ambition has also been to investigate how a beneficial music education online could be conducted in order to promote a global teaching environment with sustainable travelling habits. The research has been driven by a curiosity about how the human mind experiences time and uses tools in order to create meaning and social networks. Thus, the research questions are aimed at investigating the term ‘musical interaction’ and how it has been affected by online education. Since the study focuses on the teachers’ point of view, another important topic is how the teachers have transformed their methods when teaching online. As social connections are of importance for all kinds of interaction, and technology plays a major part in creating the basis for online education, social constructionist theories that combine these areas, such as actor-network theory, mediation and reification, have been chosen as a framework for the analysis of the empirical material. The core of the empirical data consists of six interviews with teachers from different schools that have shifted to online education. The results show that four themes stand out when describing what affects the decisions connected to musical interaction in online education have in this special context. The first theme is the pandemic, which by its unpredictability ruins all forms of continuity. The second is the network, which sets the premises for what is feasible when interacting online. Third is online teaching, which requires extensive planning and calls for a more passive attitude when conducting lessons. The final theme is the view of what musical interaction ought to be compared to what a broader definition is suggesting. The final discussion considers new ways of looking at musical inter, Ambitionen med föreliggande studie är att undersöka musikaliskt samspel i musikundervisning online. Även om studien fokuserar på hur lärare har anpassat sin metodik under den pågående Covid-19-epidemin, har ambitionen även varit att undersöka hur framtida onlineundervisning i musik skulle kunna genomföras i en globaliserad värld där hållbart resande blivit en förutsättning för att motverka ytterligare klimatförändringar. Forskningen har drivits av en nyfikenhet för hur människan upplever olika aspekter av fenomenet tid och av hur hon använder redskap för att skapa mening och sociala nätverk. Forskningsfrågorna utgår således från vad musikaliskt sampel kan vara och hur detta samspel påverkats av musikundervisning online. I alla former av samspel är social interaktion och teknik som underlättar interaktionen utav yttersta vikt. Av denna anledning har den teoretiska grunden i studien varit socialkonstruktionism med dragning åt teorier som ger föremål och artefakter handlingsutrymme (agens) på ett sätt som vanligtvis endast föräras människor. Några konkreta teorier som används är: aktör-nätverksteori, mediering och reifikation. Det empiriska materialet består av sex djupgående intervjuer med lärare från olika skolformer, vilka alla i någon form bedrivit verksamheten på distans. I resultatdelen redovisas den påverkan som onlineundervisningen haft på det musikaliska samspelet och den metodik som lärarna bedrivit. Fyra teman introduceras för att på så sätt lyfta fram nya perspektiv i det empiriska materialet. Pandemin, som med sin oberäknelighet har gjort det svårt att få en kontinuitet i undervisningen. Nätverket, som sätter upp premisserna för vad som är genomförbart i onlineundervisning. Onlineundervisning, vilken kräver noggrann planering och ett förändrat och ofta mer passivt förhållningssätt när undervisningen bedrivs. Slutligen undersöks vad som ryms i begreppet musikaliskt samspel och vad en vidgning av detta begrepp skulle kunna innebära. Den avslutande diskussion

The enforcement of immigration policy in the United States has become an increasingly important issue over the past several decades. Predominant methods of enforcement have been criticized as costly, inhumane, and inefficient. The use of electronic monitoring devices, commonly known as ankle monitors (or similar technology) has been proposed as a means of alleviating the problems of physical detention without sacrificing border security. However, given the harmful convergence of discourses of racialization, criminality, and immigration, I argue that we must critically examine the subtle ways in which the use of electronic monitoring devices may contribute to unethical enforcement practices. Particularly, I caution that affixing an electronic monitoring device -- a physical representation of otherness and criminality -- to the (likely non-white) bodies of immigrants, contributes to the propagation of racist, xenophobic, and nativist fearmongering. I, with the support of the Bucknell Survey Center, conducted a survey of a representative sample of 1200 respondents in order to support this claim. The survey gauged respondents’ views on electronic monitoring and immigration, and provided results which empiricize my analysis of the condition of immigration enforcement in the United States and the consequences for dignity of the proliferation of electronic monitoring.

The purpose of this article is to analyze capitalism as a sign-bearing social form, where reified subjects share signifiers that suit the commodity-form, develop their individualities through social parameters and values shared by the market, e identify their meanings and behaviors through the established reality that cultivates the commodity as its universal form of expression. The goal is to outline the grounds of the issue by developing the Capital-Labor contradiction to, then, suggest that the creation of new forms of subjectivation is the necessary path to develop new social relations., Neste artigo propõe-se encarar o capitalismo como forma social portadora de signos, onde sujeitos reificados compartilham significantes adequados à forma mercadoria, elaboram suas individualidades por meio de parâmetros e valores sociais comungados pelo mercado, e identificam seus sentidos e comportamentos por meio da realidade instituída que granjeia a mercadoria como sua forma universal de expressão. Busca-se instituir as bases do problema através do desenvolvimento da contradição Capital e Trabalho para então apontar que criação de novas formas de subjetivação é caminho necessário para o desenvolvimento de novas relações sociais.

El sistema de las estrellas (2017) by Carlos Chernov is a marginal novel –we assume this presupposition- which doesn´t establishes a dialogue with the generic tradition of Rioplatense science-fiction, neither obeys the state of theoretical discussion which considers the habitus of contemporary anticipation literature. Nevertheless, it expresses certain tendencies constitutive of the dystopian imaginary of the twentieth century which remain, likewise, in the thematic repertoire of advanced sci-fi rewritings. In this work, we discuss the political meaning of the return to old narrative forms in a contemporary text that warns and unmask certain ambitions of capitalism’s dominance rationality., El sistema de las estrellas, de Carlos Chernov (2017), es una novela marginal —partimos de este presupuesto— que no dialoga con la tradición genérica de la ciencia ficción rioplatense ni se somete al estado de las discusiones teóricas que contempla el habitus del presente de la anticipación, pero sí expresa ciertas tendencias constitutivas del imaginario distópico del siglo XX que persisten, asimismo, en el repertorio temático de las reescrituras avanzadas del género. Nos abocamos, en este trabajo, a discutir el significado político del retorno a viejas formas narrativas en un texto actual de pretensiones admonitorias y desenmascaradoras de la racionalidad de dominio capitalista.

The purpose of this article is to analyze capitalism as a sign-bearing social form, where reified subjects share signifiers that suit the commodity-form, develop their individualities through social parameters and values shared by the market, e identify their meanings and behaviors through the established reality that cultivates the commodity as its universal form of expression. The goal is to outline the grounds of the issue by developing the Capital-Labor contradiction to, then, suggest that the creation of new forms of subjectivation is the necessary path to develop new social relations., Neste artigo propõe-se encarar o capitalismo como forma social portadora de signos, onde sujeitos reificados compartilham significantes adequados à forma mercadoria, elaboram suas individualidades por meio de parâmetros e valores sociais comungados pelo mercado, e identificam seus sentidos e comportamentos por meio da realidade instituída que granjeia a mercadoria como sua forma universal de expressão. Busca-se instituir as bases do problema através do desenvolvimento da contradição Capital e Trabalho para então apontar que criação de novas formas de subjetivação é caminho necessário para o desenvolvimento de novas relações sociais.

El sistema de las estrellas (2017) by Carlos Chernov is a marginal novel –we assume this presupposition- which doesn´t establishes a dialogue with the generic tradition of Rioplatense science-fiction, neither obeys the state of theoretical discussion which considers the habitus of contemporary anticipation literature. Nevertheless, it expresses certain tendencies constitutive of the dystopian imaginary of the twentieth century which remain, likewise, in the thematic repertoire of advanced sci-fi rewritings. In this work, we discuss the political meaning of the return to old narrative forms in a contemporary text that warns and unmask certain ambitions of capitalism’s dominance rationality., El sistema de las estrellas, de Carlos Chernov (2017), es una novela marginal —partimos de este presupuesto— que no dialoga con la tradición genérica de la ciencia ficción rioplatense ni se somete al estado de las discusiones teóricas que contempla el habitus del presente de la anticipación, pero sí expresa ciertas tendencias constitutivas del imaginario distópico del siglo XX que persisten, asimismo, en el repertorio temático de las reescrituras avanzadas del género. Nos abocamos, en este trabajo, a discutir el significado político del retorno a viejas formas narrativas en un texto actual de pretensiones admonitorias y desenmascaradoras de la racionalidad de dominio capitalista.

This thesis explores the relationships that exist between reification, the conceptualisation of music, and the composition of new concert music. In general terms, reification can be described as the mental process of conceiving abstract concepts as tangible and concrete things. The problem of reification in the conceptualisation of musical works is one that exists between a rock and a hard place: we rely on something like reification in order to gain any sense of meaning from our experiences of the abstract aspects of musical works, but treating the reified understanding of these aspects as if they are what makes musical works meaningful ignores the emergent and transitory aspects of our interactions with musical works as being inherently meaningful in and of themselves. Through a variety of ethnographic, phenomenological and narrative methods, this thesis aims to challenge the long-held notions of meaning construction within the field of analytical aesthetics. It also aims provide a conceptual framework with which composers can use to practically study, collect data and analyse the conceptualisation of meaning in their compositions, as well as apply this understanding to audiences’ conceptualisation of meaning in musical works. The results of this thesis project culminate in the creation and presentation of three artistic outcomes: a new and original work for chamber ensemble, and two audio papers that explore the synthesis of interview responses and recordings of musical works within the framework of an audio-based discourse. Semi-structured interviews in the form of stimulated recall sessions were conducted as a means of obtaining data from participants about their interpretation of meaning in musical works. The use of metaphors as a conceptual framework with which to code and analyse data collected from these sessions allowed for the linguistic conceptualisation of musical meaning that avoided the theory construction and analytical aesthetic tendencies of modern

This thesis explores the relationships that exist between reification, the conceptualisation of music, and the composition of new concert music. In general terms, reification can be described as the mental process of conceiving abstract concepts as tangible and concrete things. The problem of reification in the conceptualisation of musical works is one that exists between a rock and a hard place: we rely on something like reification in order to gain any sense of meaning from our experiences of the abstract aspects of musical works, but treating the reified understanding of these aspects as if they are what makes musical works meaningful ignores the emergent and transitory aspects of our interactions with musical works as being inherently meaningful in and of themselves. Through a variety of ethnographic, phenomenological and narrative methods, this thesis aims to challenge the long-held notions of meaning construction within the field of analytical aesthetics. It also aims provide a conceptual framework with which composers can use to practically study, collect data and analyse the conceptualisation of meaning in their compositions, as well as apply this understanding to audiences’ conceptualisation of meaning in musical works. The results of this thesis project culminate in the creation and presentation of three artistic outcomes: a new and original work for chamber ensemble, and two audio papers that explore the synthesis of interview responses and recordings of musical works within the framework of an audio-based discourse. Semi-structured interviews in the form of stimulated recall sessions were conducted as a means of obtaining data from participants about their interpretation of meaning in musical works. The use of metaphors as a conceptual framework with which to code and analyse data collected from these sessions allowed for the linguistic conceptualisation of musical meaning that avoided the theory construction and analytical aesthetic tendencies of modern

Resum L'objecte d'estudi d'aquesta investigació s'ha realitzat al voltant de l'anàlisi de la taxa de natalitat en el context actual. Ens enfrontem a una crisi de natalitat; un context en el qual cada vegada hi ha menys criatures i són molt desitjades. En primera instància, s'assenyalen els principals factors estructurals i materials responsables del retard en la maternitat, i es posen sobre la taula aquells altres factors que no són concebibles a primera vista. Seguint el recorregut històric per les teories feministes i les teories de la natalitat, s'ha pogut identificar com la maternitat té un caràcter sociocultural i històric determinant per definir i comprendre on som avui i com hem arribat. Mitjançant l'aplicació d'entrevistes, s'ha comprovat que no només els fenòmens materials incideixen en l'objectivització de la maternitat, sinó que hi ha uns valors patriarcals i uns valors naixents amb la societat de consum, que s'han anat impregnant en la nostra manera d'entendre i construir les relacions, sobreposant-se d'aquesta manera, a l'experiència materna. S'ha demostrat en una petita mostra com aquests elements s'han impregnat de manera diferent en les dones de classe treballadora en comparació amb les dones de classe mitjana assalariada, tenint un impacte més fort en les primeres., Resumen El objeto de estudio de esta investigación se ha realizado en torno al análisis de la tasa de natalidad en el contexto actual. Nos enfrentamos a una crisis de la tasa de natalidad; un contexto en el que cada vez hay menos criaturas y son muy deseadas. En primera instancia, se señalan los principales factores estructurales y materiales responsables del retraso en la maternidad, y se ponen sobre la mesa aquellos otros factores que no son concebibles a primera vista. Siguiendo el recorrido histórico por las teorías feministas y las teorías de la natalidad, se ha podido identificar cómo la maternidad tiene un carácter sociocultural e histórico determinante para definir y comprender dónde estamos hoy y cómo hemos llegado. Mediante la aplicación de entrevistas, se ha comprobado que no solo los fenómenos materiales inciden en la cosificación de la maternidad, sino que existen valores patriarcales y valores nacientes con la sociedad de consumo, que se han ido impregnando en nuestra manera de entender y construir las relaciones, sobreponiéndose de esta manera, a la experiencia materna. Se ha demostrado en una pequeña muestra cómo estos elementos se han inculcado de manera diferente en las mujeres de clase trabajadora en comparación con las mujeres asalariadas de clase media, teniendo un impacto más fuerte en las primeras., The object of study of this research has been carried out around the analysis of the birth rate in the current context. So we are facing a birth rate crisis; a context in which there are fewer and fewer creatures and they are much desired. In the first instance, the main structural and material factors responsible for the delay in motherhood are pointed out, and those other factors that are not conceivable at first sight are put on the table. Following the historical journey through feminist theories and theories of birth rate, it has been possible to identify how motherhood has a decisive sociocultural and historical character in defining and understanding where we are today and how we have arrived. Through the application of interviews, it has been verified that not only do material phenomena have an impact on the reification of motherhood, but that there are patriarchal values and nascent values with the consumer society, which have been impregnated in our type of understanding and building relationships, overcoming even inmotherhood. It has been shown in a small sample how these elements have been inculcated differently in working class women compared to salaried middle class women, having a stronger impact on the former.

Between Trauma and Reification, or on Aestheticization of Representations of the Past and on Patterns of Social MemoryThis paper attempts to answer two questions: first, how aestheticization and mediatization of representations of the past affects the possibility of their transmission between milieus distinguished by incompatible social memories, identifications or value and symbolic systems; second, how aestheticization of narratives of the past can affect the ability of their recipients to distinguish between individuals and collectives. The key concept is the degree of reification of collectives and the impact of such reification on the possibility to communicate representations of traumatic experiences of individuals. The author focuses on some feature films and analyses their ability to promote or inhibit dehumanization of individuals. Między traumą a reifikacją, czyli o estetyzacji reprezentacji przeszłości i schematach pamięci społecznejCelem artykułu jest odpowiedzieć na dwa pytania: po pierwsze, w jaki sposób estetyzacja i mediatyzacja reprezentacji przeszłości rzutuje na możliwości ich transmisji między środowiskami społecznymi, które odznaczają się niewspółmiernymi pamięciami społecznymi, tożsamościami zbiorowymi, systemami wartości i systemami symbolicznymi. Po drugie, w jaki sposób estetyzacja opowieści o przeszłości może oddziaływać na zdolność jej odbiorców do rozróżniania między jednostkami i zbiorowościami. Kluczową kategorią, wokół której osnuta jest zawierająca się w tekście argumentacja, jest przerost (hipertrofia) urzeczowienia z poziomu spontaniczności do poziomu refleksyjności, czyli z poziomu postaw przed-teoretycznych do poziomu postaw teoretycznych. Autor koncentruje się na kwestii uzależnienia społecznego przyzwolenia na publiczne ujawnianie przez ofiary przemocy swych traumatycznych doświadczeń od społecznien reprodukowanej tendencji do reifikacji zbiorowości. Sięga do przykładu wybranych filmów fabularnych o tematyce historycznej i auto

An observation of organizations as social cells allows us to identify that they act within a framework of instrumental rationality, described and instrumented from the statements of the nascent sociology and, especially, by the thinking of Max Weber, pioneer of the bureaucratic school, who focused his statements on a teleological and at the same time procedural approach based on the interaction of the duality “should be” and “what to do”. This thinking became dominant in the so-called management sciences, generating actions characterized by domination over the human, its freedom and autonomy.The intellectual effort of this work is to find or contribute to a different approach in the management sciences, starting from the recognition of the historical context of the emergence of critical thinking, in the conception of the Frankfurt School, in a scenario of spiritual and cultural crisis that addressed the tasks of a redefinition of culture, the revision of ideal, hegemonic and central legacies of the thought of classical modernity, enlightened modernity, bourgeois modernity and its crisis of concepts such as reason, subjectivity, time, narrative, reality, progress, truth and value. Great importance is given to the production of Jürgen Habermas, identifying in his work the categories of “lifeworld”, “rationality” and “communication” and his critique of integrating mechanisms such as money through the market, power in the structure of organizations and solidarity generated by virtue of norms, values and communication.On these bases, the need for the theory of communicative action is justified in order to understand and overcome “instrumental rationality” so that social management (or inclusion) colonizes strategic management (or exclusion) and not as it has been happening socio-historically. Under the above perspectives, the aim of the article is to contribute to the debate on how to achieve an “economically efficient” and “humanly viable” management in order to find a, Une observation des organisations en tant que cellules sociales nous permet d’identifier qu’elles agissent dans un cadre de rationalité instrumentale, décrit et instrumenté à partir des énoncés de la sociologie naissante et, en particulier, par la pensée de Max Weber, pionnier de l’école bureaucratique qui a axé ses énoncés sur une approche téléologique et en même temps procédurale à partir de l’interaction de la dualité «devrait être» et «que faire». Cette pensée est devenue dominante dans ce qu’on appelle les sciences de la gestion, générant des actions caractérisées par la domination sur l’humain, sa liberté et son autonomie.L’effort intellectuel de ce travail est de trouver ou de contribuer à une approche différente dans les sciences de la gestion, à partir de la reconnaissance du contexte historique de l’émergence de la pensée critique, dans la conception de l’École de Francfort, dans un scénario de crise spirituelle et culturelle qui a abordé les tâches d’une redéfinition de la culture, la révision des héritages idéaux, hégémoniques et centraux de la pensée de la modernité classique, la modernité éclairée, la modernité bourgeoise et sa crise de concepts tels que la raison, la subjectivité, le temps, le récit, la réalité, le progrès, la vérité et la valeur. Une grande importance est accordée à la production de Jürgen Habermas, identifiant dans son œuvre les catégories de «monde de vie», de «rationalité» et de «communication» et sa critique des mécanismes d’intégration tels que l’argent par le marché, le pouvoir dans la structure des organisations et la solidarité générée en vertu des normes, des valeurs et de la communication.Sur ces bases, la nécessité de la théorie de l’action communicative se justifie pour comprendre et dépasser la «rationalité instrumentale» afin que la gestion sociale (ou l’inclusion) colonise la gestion stratégique (ou l’exclusion) et non pas comme cela s’est passé socio-historiquement. Dans le cadre des perspectives précédentes, l’object, Uma observação sobre as organizações como células sociais permite-nos identificar que actuam num quadro de racionalidade instrumental, descrito e instrumentado a partir das declarações da sociologian ascente e, especialmente, pelo pensamento de Max Weber, pioneiro da escola burocrática que centrou as suas declarações numa abordagem teleológica e ao mesmo tempo processual a partir da interacção da dualidade “deve ser” e “o que fazer”. Este pensamento tornou-se dominante nas chamadas ciências de gestão, gerando acções caracterizadas pela dominação sobre o humano, a sua liberdade e autonomia.O esforço intelectual deste trabalho consiste em encontrar ou contribuir para uma abordagem diferente nas ciências de gestão, partindo do reconhecimento do contexto histórico da emergência do pensamento crítico, na concepção da Escola de Frankfurt, num cenário de crise espiritual e cultural que abordou as tarefas de uma redefinição da cultura, a revisão dos legados ideais, hegemónicos e centrais do pensamento da modernidade clássica, da modernidade iluminada, da modernidade burguesa e da sua crise de conceitos como razão, subjectividade, tempo, narrativa, realidade, progresso, verdade e valor. É dada grande importância à produção de Jürgen Habermas, identificando no seu trabalho as categorias de “mundo da vida”, “racionalidade” e “comunicação” e a sua crítica de integração de mecanismos como o dinheiro através do mercado, poder na estrutura das organizações e solidariedade gerada em virtude de normas, valores e comunicação.Sobre estas bases, justifica-se a necessidade da teoria da acção comunicativa para compreender e superar a “racionalidade instrumental” de modo a que a gestão social (ou inclusão) colonize a gestão estratégica (ou exclusão) e não como tem vindo a acontecer sócio-históricamente. Sob as perspectivas anteriores pretende-se contribuir para o debate sobre como conseguir uma gestão “economicamente eficiente” e “humanamente viável” para encontrar uma reificação da poten, Una observación sobre las organizaciones como células sociales permite identificar que estas actúan en un marco de racionalidad instrumental, descrita e instrumentada a partir de las afirmaciones de la naciente sociología y, en especial, por el pensamiento de Max Weber, pionero de la escuela burocrática que centró sus afirmaciones en un enfoque teleológico y a la vez procedimental a partir de la interacción de la dualidad “deber ser” y “qué hacer”. Este pensamiento se hizo dominante en las llamadas ciencias de la gestión, generando acciones caracterizadas por la dominación sobre lo humano, su libertad y autonomía.El esfuerzo intelectual de este trabajo es encontrar o coadyuvar a un enfoque diferente en las ciencias de la gestión, partiendo del reconocimiento del contexto histórico del surgimiento del pensamiento crítico, en la concepción de la Escuela de Frankfurt, en un escenario de crisis espiritual y de la cultura que abordó las tareas de una redefinición de la cultura, la revisión de legados ideales, hegemónicos y centrales del pensamiento de la modernidad clásica, la modernidad ilustrada, la modernidad burguesa y sus crisis de conceptos como razón, subjetividad, tiempo, narración, realidad, progreso, verdad y valor. Gran importancia se otorga a la producción de Jurgen Habermas, identificando en su trabajo las categorías de “mundo de la vida”, “racionalidad” y “comunicación” y su crítica sobre los mecanismos integradores como el dinero a través del mercado, poder en la estructura de las organizaciones y la solidaridad generada en virtud de normas, valores y comunicación.Sobre estas bases se justifica la necesidad de la teoría de la acción comunicativa para entender y superar la “racionalidad instrumental” para que sea la gestión social (o de inclusión) la que colonice a la gestión estratégica (o de exclusión) y no como ha venido sucediendo socio-históricamente. Bajo las anteriores perspectivas se pretende contribuir al debate de cómo lograr una gestión “económic

The reification of female identity and the expropriation of women's sexual and reproductive functions represent a common element of patriarchy. With such a purpose, historically, three narratives were triggered: irrationalization and essentialization of female identity and colonization of their bodies as sexualized Nature. The alienation of these functions calls, with an increasing interest, the attention of sexual and reproductive neoliberalism that finds there a profitable market cluster. This article shows how these historical strategies still operate within the collective imagination, and in the communication, analyzing the specific case of so the called surrogacy., La reificación de la identidad femenina y la expropiación de las funciones sexuales y reproductivas de las mujeres representan un elemento común de los patriarcados. Con tal finalidad, históricamente, se activaron tres discursos: irracionalización, esencialización de la identidad femenina y colonización de sus cuerpos como Naturaleza sexualizada. La enajenación de dichas funciones atrae, cada vez con mayor interés, la atención de un neoliberalismo sexual y reproductivo que encuentra en las mismas un provechoso nicho de mercado. El presente artículo aborda cómo, dichas estrategias históricas, siguen operando en el imaginario colectivo y la comunicación, analizando el caso concreto de la denominada gestación subrogada.

Concepts are a key feature of academic research and international politics. Despite the fact that interpreting, classifying and communicating the world through concepts has far-reaching social and political consequences, their various roles and complex dynamics remain poorly understood in International Relations (IR). Instead of disregarding concepts, conflating them with other cognitive terms such as norms, or obsessing about their ability to scientifically capture reality, this dissertation builds on the emerging field of critical concept studies (CSS), which understands concepts as open and contestable interpretive devices that observers use to make sense of the world, often to steer political thought and action. In line with CSS, this dissertation refers to these political struggles as “conceptual politics”—the ways in which actors coin, use, promote, revisit and fight over concepts in anticipation of performative effects—and argues that it constitutes a key facet of politics. The field of CSS is mainly theoretically oriented, and few empirical studies address conceptual politics in practice. The purpose of this study is to further the field of CSS by expanding the notion of conceptual politics. It does so first by developing three issues that previous research presumes are important but does not investigate empirically: the dynamics of feedback loops, or interaction effects between interpretations of the world and the world; reification, the treatment of concepts as if they were real rather than human-made interpretive devices; and travel, the movement of concepts across time, levels and space. Next, the dissertation develops an analytical framework capable of tracing conceptual politics empirically. The dissertation seeks to answer the following key questions: How can we study conceptual politics? How do feedback loops, reification and travel shape conceptual politics? What are the consequences of conceptual politics for world politics? Taking an abductive app, Power Shift in East Asia

What if education were not about becoming something, making something of yourself, becoming some thing? What if we were to consider education as becoming-world? These questions are posed against the background of the current populist nationalist backlash against the consequences of globalization, along with growing anti-intellectualism and anti-democratic sentiment. How can education contribute locally and globally to fostering and safeguarding the very possibility of democratic practices against the neoliberal consecration of reified social relations? Becoming Things, Becoming-world contributes to contemporary discussions in philosophy of education by developing a vision of a critical educational cosmopolitanism founded upon a renewed critique of reification. While cosmopolitan education has often been articulated in terms of an ethical and political response to globalization, this thesis proposes a different outlook. I argue that the idea of cosmopolitan education predates the onset of what we now term globalization, and that it provides a meaningful conception of education beyond the present socio-political condition. Moreover, I propose to rethink cosmopolitan education as a critique of reification, i.e. a critique of social relations taking on the character of mere things. The critique of reification helps to foreground aspects that have previously been neglected and marginalized in educational cosmopolitanism, such as its economic-material dimensions. At the same time, a critical cosmopolitan perspective is needed for a timely de-centering of critical social theory. Re-assessing the Cynic tradition and drawing on critical theorists such as Gerard Delanty and Axel Honneth as well as on New Wittgensteinian philosophers as Alice Crary, I advance a post-universalist understanding of cosmopolitanism. This is based on dynamic social relations and a broad understanding of rationality which includes imaginary aspects as well as the education of our sensitivities. Cosm

An observation of organizations as social cells allows us to identify that they act within a framework of instrumental rationality, described and instrumented from the statements of the nascent sociology and, especially, by the thinking of Max Weber, pioneer of the bureaucratic school, who focused his statements on a teleological and at the same time procedural approach based on the interaction of the duality “should be” and “what to do”. This thinking became dominant in the so-called management sciences, generating actions characterized by domination over the human, its freedom and autonomy.The intellectual effort of this work is to find or contribute to a different approach in the management sciences, starting from the recognition of the historical context of the emergence of critical thinking, in the conception of the Frankfurt School, in a scenario of spiritual and cultural crisis that addressed the tasks of a redefinition of culture, the revision of ideal, hegemonic and central legacies of the thought of classical modernity, enlightened modernity, bourgeois modernity and its crisis of concepts such as reason, subjectivity, time, narrative, reality, progress, truth and value. Great importance is given to the production of Jürgen Habermas, identifying in his work the categories of “lifeworld”, “rationality” and “communication” and his critique of integrating mechanisms such as money through the market, power in the structure of organizations and solidarity generated by virtue of norms, values and communication.On these bases, the need for the theory of communicative action is justified in order to understand and overcome “instrumental rationality” so that social management (or inclusion) colonizes strategic management (or exclusion) and not as it has been happening socio-historically. Under the above perspectives, the aim of the article is to contribute to the debate on how to achieve an “economically efficient” and “humanly viable” management in order to find a, Une observation des organisations en tant que cellules sociales nous permet d’identifier qu’elles agissent dans un cadre de rationalité instrumentale, décrit et instrumenté à partir des énoncés de la sociologie naissante et, en particulier, par la pensée de Max Weber, pionnier de l’école bureaucratique qui a axé ses énoncés sur une approche téléologique et en même temps procédurale à partir de l’interaction de la dualité «devrait être» et «que faire». Cette pensée est devenue dominante dans ce qu’on appelle les sciences de la gestion, générant des actions caractérisées par la domination sur l’humain, sa liberté et son autonomie.L’effort intellectuel de ce travail est de trouver ou de contribuer à une approche différente dans les sciences de la gestion, à partir de la reconnaissance du contexte historique de l’émergence de la pensée critique, dans la conception de l’École de Francfort, dans un scénario de crise spirituelle et culturelle qui a abordé les tâches d’une redéfinition de la culture, la révision des héritages idéaux, hégémoniques et centraux de la pensée de la modernité classique, la modernité éclairée, la modernité bourgeoise et sa crise de concepts tels que la raison, la subjectivité, le temps, le récit, la réalité, le progrès, la vérité et la valeur. Une grande importance est accordée à la production de Jürgen Habermas, identifiant dans son œuvre les catégories de «monde de vie», de «rationalité» et de «communication» et sa critique des mécanismes d’intégration tels que l’argent par le marché, le pouvoir dans la structure des organisations et la solidarité générée en vertu des normes, des valeurs et de la communication.Sur ces bases, la nécessité de la théorie de l’action communicative se justifie pour comprendre et dépasser la «rationalité instrumentale» afin que la gestion sociale (ou l’inclusion) colonise la gestion stratégique (ou l’exclusion) et non pas comme cela s’est passé socio-historiquement. Dans le cadre des perspectives précédentes, l’object, Uma observação sobre as organizações como células sociais permite-nos identificar que actuam num quadro de racionalidade instrumental, descrito e instrumentado a partir das declarações da sociologian ascente e, especialmente, pelo pensamento de Max Weber, pioneiro da escola burocrática que centrou as suas declarações numa abordagem teleológica e ao mesmo tempo processual a partir da interacção da dualidade “deve ser” e “o que fazer”. Este pensamento tornou-se dominante nas chamadas ciências de gestão, gerando acções caracterizadas pela dominação sobre o humano, a sua liberdade e autonomia.O esforço intelectual deste trabalho consiste em encontrar ou contribuir para uma abordagem diferente nas ciências de gestão, partindo do reconhecimento do contexto histórico da emergência do pensamento crítico, na concepção da Escola de Frankfurt, num cenário de crise espiritual e cultural que abordou as tarefas de uma redefinição da cultura, a revisão dos legados ideais, hegemónicos e centrais do pensamento da modernidade clássica, da modernidade iluminada, da modernidade burguesa e da sua crise de conceitos como razão, subjectividade, tempo, narrativa, realidade, progresso, verdade e valor. É dada grande importância à produção de Jürgen Habermas, identificando no seu trabalho as categorias de “mundo da vida”, “racionalidade” e “comunicação” e a sua crítica de integração de mecanismos como o dinheiro através do mercado, poder na estrutura das organizações e solidariedade gerada em virtude de normas, valores e comunicação.Sobre estas bases, justifica-se a necessidade da teoria da acção comunicativa para compreender e superar a “racionalidade instrumental” de modo a que a gestão social (ou inclusão) colonize a gestão estratégica (ou exclusão) e não como tem vindo a acontecer sócio-históricamente. Sob as perspectivas anteriores pretende-se contribuir para o debate sobre como conseguir uma gestão “economicamente eficiente” e “humanamente viável” para encontrar uma reificação da poten, Una observación sobre las organizaciones como células sociales permite identificar que estas actúan en un marco de racionalidad instrumental, descrita e instrumentada a partir de las afirmaciones de la naciente sociología y, en especial, por el pensamiento de Max Weber, pionero de la escuela burocrática que centró sus afirmaciones en un enfoque teleológico y a la vez procedimental a partir de la interacción de la dualidad “deber ser” y “qué hacer”. Este pensamiento se hizo dominante en las llamadas ciencias de la gestión, generando acciones caracterizadas por la dominación sobre lo humano, su libertad y autonomía.El esfuerzo intelectual de este trabajo es encontrar o coadyuvar a un enfoque diferente en las ciencias de la gestión, partiendo del reconocimiento del contexto histórico del surgimiento del pensamiento crítico, en la concepción de la Escuela de Frankfurt, en un escenario de crisis espiritual y de la cultura que abordó las tareas de una redefinición de la cultura, la revisión de legados ideales, hegemónicos y centrales del pensamiento de la modernidad clásica, la modernidad ilustrada, la modernidad burguesa y sus crisis de conceptos como razón, subjetividad, tiempo, narración, realidad, progreso, verdad y valor. Gran importancia se otorga a la producción de Jurgen Habermas, identificando en su trabajo las categorías de “mundo de la vida”, “racionalidad” y “comunicación” y su crítica sobre los mecanismos integradores como el dinero a través del mercado, poder en la estructura de las organizaciones y la solidaridad generada en virtud de normas, valores y comunicación.Sobre estas bases se justifica la necesidad de la teoría de la acción comunicativa para entender y superar la “racionalidad instrumental” para que sea la gestión social (o de inclusión) la que colonice a la gestión estratégica (o de exclusión) y no como ha venido sucediendo socio-históricamente. Bajo las anteriores perspectivas se pretende contribuir al debate de cómo lograr una gestión “económic

What if education were not about becoming something, making something of yourself, becoming some thing? What if we were to consider education as becoming-world? These questions are posed against the background of the current populist nationalist backlash against the consequences of globalization, along with growing anti-intellectualism and anti-democratic sentiment. How can education contribute locally and globally to fostering and safeguarding the very possibility of democratic practices against the neoliberal consecration of reified social relations? Becoming Things, Becoming-world contributes to contemporary discussions in philosophy of education by developing a vision of a critical educational cosmopolitanism founded upon a renewed critique of reification. While cosmopolitan education has often been articulated in terms of an ethical and political response to globalization, this thesis proposes a different outlook. I argue that the idea of cosmopolitan education predates the onset of what we now term globalization, and that it provides a meaningful conception of education beyond the present socio-political condition. Moreover, I propose to rethink cosmopolitan education as a critique of reification, i.e. a critique of social relations taking on the character of mere things. The critique of reification helps to foreground aspects that have previously been neglected and marginalized in educational cosmopolitanism, such as its economic-material dimensions. At the same time, a critical cosmopolitan perspective is needed for a timely de-centering of critical social theory. Re-assessing the Cynic tradition and drawing on critical theorists such as Gerard Delanty and Axel Honneth as well as on New Wittgensteinian philosophers as Alice Crary, I advance a post-universalist understanding of cosmopolitanism. This is based on dynamic social relations and a broad understanding of rationality which includes imaginary aspects as well as the education of our sensitivities. Cosm

Concepts are a key feature of academic research and international politics. Despite the fact that interpreting, classifying and communicating the world through concepts has far-reaching social and political consequences, their various roles and complex dynamics remain poorly understood in International Relations (IR). Instead of disregarding concepts, conflating them with other cognitive terms such as norms, or obsessing about their ability to scientifically capture reality, this dissertation builds on the emerging field of critical concept studies (CSS), which understands concepts as open and contestable interpretive devices that observers use to make sense of the world, often to steer political thought and action. In line with CSS, this dissertation refers to these political struggles as “conceptual politics”—the ways in which actors coin, use, promote, revisit and fight over concepts in anticipation of performative effects—and argues that it constitutes a key facet of politics. The field of CSS is mainly theoretically oriented, and few empirical studies address conceptual politics in practice. The purpose of this study is to further the field of CSS by expanding the notion of conceptual politics. It does so first by developing three issues that previous research presumes are important but does not investigate empirically: the dynamics of feedback loops, or interaction effects between interpretations of the world and the world; reification, the treatment of concepts as if they were real rather than human-made interpretive devices; and travel, the movement of concepts across time, levels and space. Next, the dissertation develops an analytical framework capable of tracing conceptual politics empirically. The dissertation seeks to answer the following key questions: How can we study conceptual politics? How do feedback loops, reification and travel shape conceptual politics? What are the consequences of conceptual politics for world politics? Taking an abductive app, Power Shift in East Asia

Der folgende Artikel geht der Frage nach, welche Begriffe hilfreich sein könnten, den Widerstand von Illegalisierten wahrzunehmen, die sich ihrer Abschiebung widersetzten. Wie nützlich sind hier Konzepte wie "ziviler Ungehorsam", "Verzweiflungstat" und "politischer Protest"; und was bedeutet gemeinsamer Widerstand im Kontext nahezu totaler Beraubung an Möglichkeiten und Rechten? Dafür beschäftigt sich der Text sich mit einer brennenden Zelle in der Schubhaft im Polizeianhaltezentrum Wien Hernals. Mit Hilfe von Interviews mit einem der Gefangenen sowie Beobachtungsprotokollen aus der Gerichtsverhandlungen gegen jene sechs Schubhaftgefangenen, die versuchten ihre Abschiebung durch Inbrandsetzung der Zelle zu verhindern, wird die zynische Verdinglichung von nicht-europäischen "anderen" als koloniale Kontinuität und Produktion illegalisierter Arbeitskraft diskutiert. Gegen Verdinglichung und Entrechtlichung wird dann das "billigende Hören" als Praxis der Forschung wie der Rechtsprechung vorgeschlagen. Mit dem Fokus auf marginalisierte Formen des Widerstands soll die folgende Auseinandersetzung dazu beitragen, über die Vorstellung von Kollektivität und Öffentlichkeit als vermeintliche Wesenszüge des Widerstands hinauszugehen. Nur durch diese Perspektivenverschiebung, so soll argumentiert werden, kann es der Forschung zukünftig gelingen, jene marginalen Formen des Widerstands wahrzunehmen, welche inmitten der Entrechtlichung und Verdinglichung sowie vor und unterhalb jeder Gemeinschaft stattfinden: Widerständigkeit, die sich der Kollektivität und Öffentlichkeit im gleichen Maße entzieht, wie sie mit der Dichotomie von Verzweiflung versus politischem Protest bricht., This article discusses the following questions: Which terms might be helpful to apprehend the resistance of illegalised people against deportation? How useful are concepts like "civil disobedience", "acts of desperation" and "political protest"? And, what does resistance mean in a context of almost total deprivation of possibilities and rights? In order to address these questions, the article uses the case of a burning prison cell in Vienna, which was used to detain people pending deportation. Through interviews with one of the detainees, as well as through observation protocols from the trail against the six inmates that tried to prevent their deportation through setting their prison cell on fi re, the article discusses the cynical reification of Non-European "others" as a colonial continuity and as performative of an illegalised workforce. Against reification and the denial of rights, the article suggests "endorsing listening" as a practice for both research and jurisdiction. Resistance is often conceptually linked with notions of collectivity and the public sphere. This article shows that marginalised forms of resistance often occur outside of a collectively and/or the public sphere, while resistance that takes place amid reification and the deprivation of rights breaks the dichotomy between desperation and political protest.

Concepts are a key feature of academic research and international politics. Despite the fact that interpreting, classifying and communicating the world through concepts has far-reaching social and political consequences, their various roles and complex dynamics remain poorly understood in International Relations (IR). Instead of disregarding concepts, conflating them with other cognitive terms such as norms, or obsessing about their ability to scientifically capture reality, this dissertation builds on the emerging field of critical concept studies (CSS), which understands concepts as open and contestable interpretive devices that observers use to make sense of the world, often to steer political thought and action. In line with CSS, this dissertation refers to these political struggles as “conceptual politics”—the ways in which actors coin, use, promote, revisit and fight over concepts in anticipation of performative effects—and argues that it constitutes a key facet of politics. The field of CSS is mainly theoretically oriented, and few empirical studies address conceptual politics in practice. The purpose of this study is to further the field of CSS by expanding the notion of conceptual politics. It does so first by developing three issues that previous research presumes are important but does not investigate empirically: the dynamics of feedback loops, or interaction effects between interpretations of the world and the world; reification, the treatment of concepts as if they were real rather than human-made interpretive devices; and travel, the movement of concepts across time, levels and space. Next, the dissertation develops an analytical framework capable of tracing conceptual politics empirically. The dissertation seeks to answer the following key questions: How can we study conceptual politics? How do feedback loops, reification and travel shape conceptual politics? What are the consequences of conceptual politics for world politics? Taking an abductive app, Power Shift in East Asia

What if education were not about becoming something, making something of yourself, becoming some thing? What if we were to consider education as becoming-world? These questions are posed against the background of the current populist nationalist backlash against the consequences of globalization, along with growing anti-intellectualism and anti-democratic sentiment. How can education contribute locally and globally to fostering and safeguarding the very possibility of democratic practices against the neoliberal consecration of reified social relations? Becoming Things, Becoming-world contributes to contemporary discussions in philosophy of education by developing a vision of a critical educational cosmopolitanism founded upon a renewed critique of reification. While cosmopolitan education has often been articulated in terms of an ethical and political response to globalization, this thesis proposes a different outlook. I argue that the idea of cosmopolitan education predates the onset of what we now term globalization, and that it provides a meaningful conception of education beyond the present socio-political condition. Moreover, I propose to rethink cosmopolitan education as a critique of reification, i.e. a critique of social relations taking on the character of mere things. The critique of reification helps to foreground aspects that have previously been neglected and marginalized in educational cosmopolitanism, such as its economic-material dimensions. At the same time, a critical cosmopolitan perspective is needed for a timely de-centering of critical social theory. Re-assessing the Cynic tradition and drawing on critical theorists such as Gerard Delanty and Axel Honneth as well as on New Wittgensteinian philosophers as Alice Crary, I advance a post-universalist understanding of cosmopolitanism. This is based on dynamic social relations and a broad understanding of rationality which includes imaginary aspects as well as the education of our sensitivities. Cosm

Concepts are a key feature of academic research and international politics. Despite the fact that interpreting, classifying and communicating the world through concepts has far-reaching social and political consequences, their various roles and complex dynamics remain poorly understood in International Relations (IR). Instead of disregarding concepts, conflating them with other cognitive terms such as norms, or obsessing about their ability to scientifically capture reality, this dissertation builds on the emerging field of critical concept studies (CSS), which understands concepts as open and contestable interpretive devices that observers use to make sense of the world, often to steer political thought and action. In line with CSS, this dissertation refers to these political struggles as “conceptual politics”—the ways in which actors coin, use, promote, revisit and fight over concepts in anticipation of performative effects—and argues that it constitutes a key facet of politics. The field of CSS is mainly theoretically oriented, and few empirical studies address conceptual politics in practice. The purpose of this study is to further the field of CSS by expanding the notion of conceptual politics. It does so first by developing three issues that previous research presumes are important but does not investigate empirically: the dynamics of feedback loops, or interaction effects between interpretations of the world and the world; reification, the treatment of concepts as if they were real rather than human-made interpretive devices; and travel, the movement of concepts across time, levels and space. Next, the dissertation develops an analytical framework capable of tracing conceptual politics empirically. The dissertation seeks to answer the following key questions: How can we study conceptual politics? How do feedback loops, reification and travel shape conceptual politics? What are the consequences of conceptual politics for world politics? Taking an abductive app, Power Shift in East Asia

What if education were not about becoming something, making something of yourself, becoming some thing? What if we were to consider education as becoming-world? These questions are posed against the background of the current populist nationalist backlash against the consequences of globalization, along with growing anti-intellectualism and anti-democratic sentiment. How can education contribute locally and globally to fostering and safeguarding the very possibility of democratic practices against the neoliberal consecration of reified social relations? Becoming Things, Becoming-world contributes to contemporary discussions in philosophy of education by developing a vision of a critical educational cosmopolitanism founded upon a renewed critique of reification. While cosmopolitan education has often been articulated in terms of an ethical and political response to globalization, this thesis proposes a different outlook. I argue that the idea of cosmopolitan education predates the onset of what we now term globalization, and that it provides a meaningful conception of education beyond the present socio-political condition. Moreover, I propose to rethink cosmopolitan education as a critique of reification, i.e. a critique of social relations taking on the character of mere things. The critique of reification helps to foreground aspects that have previously been neglected and marginalized in educational cosmopolitanism, such as its economic-material dimensions. At the same time, a critical cosmopolitan perspective is needed for a timely de-centering of critical social theory. Re-assessing the Cynic tradition and drawing on critical theorists such as Gerard Delanty and Axel Honneth as well as on New Wittgensteinian philosophers as Alice Crary, I advance a post-universalist understanding of cosmopolitanism. This is based on dynamic social relations and a broad understanding of rationality which includes imaginary aspects as well as the education of our sensitivities. Cosm

This chapter sets out to make a practical contribution to the discussion on power relations involved in documentation in early childhood education [ECE]. We suggest ‘professional risk’ as a key concept to understand why and how teachers materialise some of children’s actions and comments in various forms of documentation. The chapter builds on stories of two ECE settings—one Swedish preschool where a science project was documented as a public wall display, and one New Zealand kindergarten where a project about fairness and inclusion was documented in a variety of Learnings Stories in individual children’s portfolios. Our results indicate that the ideals of the ECE setting are likely to govern what teachers choose to document as examples of learning and behaviour. The two cases also highlight that topic matters. It may be riskier for teachers to document children’s ideas about socially sensitive topics like inclusion, compared to documenting children’s ideas about science. Furthermore, the cases indicate that form matters. For example, the narrative credit-based assessment form of a Learning Story seems to steer teachers to await a positive situation, where children’s actions fit with the notion of what is acceptable behaviour in the ECE setting, before they document children’s learning.

Concepts are a key feature of academic research and international politics. Despite the fact that interpreting, classifying and communicating the world through concepts has far-reaching social and political consequences, their various roles and complex dynamics remain poorly understood in International Relations (IR). Instead of disregarding concepts, conflating them with other cognitive terms such as norms, or obsessing about their ability to scientifically capture reality, this dissertation builds on the emerging field of critical concept studies (CSS), which understands concepts as open and contestable interpretive devices that observers use to make sense of the world, often to steer political thought and action. In line with CSS, this dissertation refers to these political struggles as “conceptual politics”—the ways in which actors coin, use, promote, revisit and fight over concepts in anticipation of performative effects—and argues that it constitutes a key facet of politics. The field of CSS is mainly theoretically oriented, and few empirical studies address conceptual politics in practice. The purpose of this study is to further the field of CSS by expanding the notion of conceptual politics. It does so first by developing three issues that previous research presumes are important but does not investigate empirically: the dynamics of feedback loops, or interaction effects between interpretations of the world and the world; reification, the treatment of concepts as if they were real rather than human-made interpretive devices; and travel, the movement of concepts across time, levels and space. Next, the dissertation develops an analytical framework capable of tracing conceptual politics empirically. The dissertation seeks to answer the following key questions: How can we study conceptual politics? How do feedback loops, reification and travel shape conceptual politics? What are the consequences of conceptual politics for world politics? Taking an abductive app, Power Shift in East Asia

What if education were not about becoming something, making something of yourself, becoming some thing? What if we were to consider education as becoming-world? These questions are posed against the background of the current populist nationalist backlash against the consequences of globalization, along with growing anti-intellectualism and anti-democratic sentiment. How can education contribute locally and globally to fostering and safeguarding the very possibility of democratic practices against the neoliberal consecration of reified social relations? Becoming Things, Becoming-world contributes to contemporary discussions in philosophy of education by developing a vision of a critical educational cosmopolitanism founded upon a renewed critique of reification. While cosmopolitan education has often been articulated in terms of an ethical and political response to globalization, this thesis proposes a different outlook. I argue that the idea of cosmopolitan education predates the onset of what we now term globalization, and that it provides a meaningful conception of education beyond the present socio-political condition. Moreover, I propose to rethink cosmopolitan education as a critique of reification, i.e. a critique of social relations taking on the character of mere things. The critique of reification helps to foreground aspects that have previously been neglected and marginalized in educational cosmopolitanism, such as its economic-material dimensions. At the same time, a critical cosmopolitan perspective is needed for a timely de-centering of critical social theory. Re-assessing the Cynic tradition and drawing on critical theorists such as Gerard Delanty and Axel Honneth as well as on New Wittgensteinian philosophers as Alice Crary, I advance a post-universalist understanding of cosmopolitanism. This is based on dynamic social relations and a broad understanding of rationality which includes imaginary aspects as well as the education of our sensitivities. Cosm

Concepts are a key feature of academic research and international politics. Despite the fact that interpreting, classifying and communicating the world through concepts has far-reaching social and political consequences, their various roles and complex dynamics remain poorly understood in International Relations (IR). Instead of disregarding concepts, conflating them with other cognitive terms such as norms, or obsessing about their ability to scientifically capture reality, this dissertation builds on the emerging field of critical concept studies (CSS), which understands concepts as open and contestable interpretive devices that observers use to make sense of the world, often to steer political thought and action. In line with CSS, this dissertation refers to these political struggles as “conceptual politics”—the ways in which actors coin, use, promote, revisit and fight over concepts in anticipation of performative effects—and argues that it constitutes a key facet of politics. The field of CSS is mainly theoretically oriented, and few empirical studies address conceptual politics in practice. The purpose of this study is to further the field of CSS by expanding the notion of conceptual politics. It does so first by developing three issues that previous research presumes are important but does not investigate empirically: the dynamics of feedback loops, or interaction effects between interpretations of the world and the world; reification, the treatment of concepts as if they were real rather than human-made interpretive devices; and travel, the movement of concepts across time, levels and space. Next, the dissertation develops an analytical framework capable of tracing conceptual politics empirically. The dissertation seeks to answer the following key questions: How can we study conceptual politics? How do feedback loops, reification and travel shape conceptual politics? What are the consequences of conceptual politics for world politics? Taking an abductive app, Power Shift in East Asia

The reification of female identity and the expropriation of women's sexual and reproductive functions represent a common element of patriarchy. With such a purpose, historically, three narratives were triggered: irrationalization and essentialization of female identity and colonization of their bodies as sexualized Nature. The alienation of these functions calls, with an increasing interest, the attention of sexual and reproductive neoliberalism that finds there a profitable market cluster. This article shows how these historical strategies still operate within the collective imagination, and in the communication, analyzing the specific case of so the called surrogacy., La reificación de la identidad femenina y la expropiación de las funciones sexuales y reproductivas de las mujeres representan un elemento común de los patriarcados. Con tal finalidad, históricamente, se activaron tres discursos: irracionalización, esencialización de la identidad femenina y colonización de sus cuerpos como Naturaleza sexualizada. La enajenación de dichas funciones atrae, cada vez con mayor interés, la atención de un neoliberalismo sexual y reproductivo que encuentra en las mismas un provechoso nicho de mercado. El presente artículo aborda cómo, dichas estrategias históricas, siguen operando en el imaginario colectivo y la comunicación, analizando el caso concreto de la denominada gestación subrogada.

What if education were not about becoming something, making something of yourself, becoming some thing? What if we were to consider education as becoming-world? These questions are posed against the background of the current populist nationalist backlash against the consequences of globalization, along with growing anti-intellectualism and anti-democratic sentiment. How can education contribute locally and globally to fostering and safeguarding the very possibility of democratic practices against the neoliberal consecration of reified social relations? Becoming Things, Becoming-world contributes to contemporary discussions in philosophy of education by developing a vision of a critical educational cosmopolitanism founded upon a renewed critique of reification. While cosmopolitan education has often been articulated in terms of an ethical and political response to globalization, this thesis proposes a different outlook. I argue that the idea of cosmopolitan education predates the onset of what we now term globalization, and that it provides a meaningful conception of education beyond the present socio-political condition. Moreover, I propose to rethink cosmopolitan education as a critique of reification, i.e. a critique of social relations taking on the character of mere things. The critique of reification helps to foreground aspects that have previously been neglected and marginalized in educational cosmopolitanism, such as its economic-material dimensions. At the same time, a critical cosmopolitan perspective is needed for a timely de-centering of critical social theory. Re-assessing the Cynic tradition and drawing on critical theorists such as Gerard Delanty and Axel Honneth as well as on New Wittgensteinian philosophers as Alice Crary, I advance a post-universalist understanding of cosmopolitanism. This is based on dynamic social relations and a broad understanding of rationality which includes imaginary aspects as well as the education of our sensitivities. Cosm

This is an investigation carried out in the framework of the PhD in Social Sciences, Children and Youth, of CLACSO-CINDE, developed inside the parameters of responsibility and academic, epistemological and methodological demand, enough guarantee for reliability. This research, in addition to using the contributions of the broad spectrum of qualitative research, proposes new alternatives such as the loudness of the voices of the protagonists, such as boys, girls and young people. The place of enunciation is Latin America, considered as a green field and paid to generate new perspectives in research, in dialogue with what was received from outside, but always looking for an identity of its own, which allows it to be read in critical perspective to help get rid of thought colonial that has characterized it by centuries. Promoting the visibility of children and young people as main actors is the central purpose of this research work; they are the ones who narrate in the school environment and in the Latin American environment, where the so-called epistemologies of the South and Latin American Environmental Thought emerge in a powerful way., Se trata de una investigación adelantada en el marco del Postdoctorado en Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud, de CLACSO-CINDE, realizada dentro de los parámetros de la responsabilidad y la exigencia académica, epistemológica y metodológica, garantía suficiente para la confiabilidad. Esta investigación, además de valerse de los aportes del amplio espectro de la investigación cualitativa, propone nuevas alternativas como la sonoridad de las voces de los protagonistas, como son los niños, las niñas y los jóvenes. El lugar de enunciación es Latinoamérica, considerado como un campo verde y abonado para generar nuevas miradas en investigación, en diálogo con lo recibido desde el exterior, pero buscando siempre una identidad propia, que le permita leerse en perspectiva crítica para ayudar a desposeerse del pensamiento colonial que lo ha caracterizado por centurias. Favorecer la visibilidad de los niños, niñas y jóvenes como actores principales es propósito central de este trabajo investigativo; que sean ellos los que narren y se narren en el ámbito escolar y en el ambiente latinoamericano, donde surgen de manera potente las llamadas epistemologías del Sur y el Pensamiento Ambiental Latinoamericano.

Research literature points to the importance of objectification when learning mathematics, and thereby in the discourse of mathematics. To increase the field’s understanding of aspects and degrees of objectification in various mathematical discourses, our study uses the combination of two sub-processes of objectification in order to analyse upper-secondary teachers’ word use in relation to any type of mathematical symbols. Our results show that the verbal discourse around symbols is very objectified. This can put high demands on students understanding of their teacher, since it might be needed that the students have reached a certain degree of objectification in their own thinking in order to be able to participate in a more objectified discourse. The results also show that there exist patterns in the variation of the degree of objectification, in particular that the discourse tends to be more objectified when more familiar symbols are used. This exploratory study also reveals several phenomena that could be the focus of more in-depth analyses in future studies.

The paper discusses critically two books by Axel Honneth. On the one hand, the recent Brazilian-Portuguese translation of his essay on Reification; on the other hand, his book Anerkennung, on the different interpretations of the concept of recognition within three different European philosophical traditions – that from France, that from the United Kingdom and that from Germany. Accordingly, the present paper should be intended as an expanded critical review, in which internal aspects of both books are presented at length, although both books are situated in the larger discussion about Honneth’s own intellectual path. With this aim, the article intents, first, to present both books discussed and, secondly, to show that the connections of both essays to Honneth’s theory of recognition are solid enough to show that that theory is still a work in progress., O artigo procura apresentar de modo crítico duas obras de Axel Honneth. Na primeira parte, o texto tratado é a tradução brasileira do livro Reificação, em que Honneth explora a atualidade do conceito desenvolvido por Georg Lukács; na segunda parte, é comentado o ensaio de história das ideias, Anerkennung, que trata de diferentes interpretações dadas ao conceito de reconhecimento nos ambientes filosóficos da França, Reino Unido e Alemanha. O artigo se pretende uma resenha expandida, na qual aspectos internos de cada um dos dois livros são discutidos, mas também a situação de ambos dentro da obra completa de Honneth e, afinal, a própria contribuição que cada um dos dois livros aqui analisados aportam à trajetória de uma teoria do reconhecimento. Dessa maneira, pretende-se comentar criticamente cada um dos livros, mas também apontar para o fato de que a teoria do reconhecimento, como formulada por Honneth, ainda é uma obra em construção.

El objetivo de esta investigación es el de realizar un análisis de la epistemología de Quine. Para ello, comenzaré planteando la problemática filosófica del empirismo que nuestro autor critica en su obra. Continuaré realizando un análisis de la teoría del conocimiento de Quine desde su tesis pragmatista, con la que explicaré cómo se da el conocimiento según sus conceptos fundamentales: la reificación y el holismo. La tesis que defenderé es que los problemas que han caracterizado a la metafísica y, en consecuencia, al empirismo son producidos por un mal uso de la reificación.

This essay analyzes the formation of subjectivities that pornography is promoting in the last decades, above all, through the promotion of aggressive patriarchal and heteronormal visions. One relevant aspect is that porn is in the process of «normalization», that is, it is becoming an essential part of everyday life and modeling sexual behaviors and practices; especially in conservative societies with poor levels of education or awareness in the field. For the preparation of this work was based on a brief review of documentaries that address the issue, then focus on different feminist thesis that have discussed the problem since the 1970s. At the end of the writing emphasizes that although porn can present a strong transgressive capacity, it has been reduced to new mechanisms of subjective and sexual repression., El presente ensayo analiza la formación de subjetividades que la pornografía está promoviendo en las últimas décadas, sobre todo, a través de la promoción de agresivas visiones patriarcales y heteronormadas. Un aspecto relevante es que el porno se encuentra en pleno proceso de «normalización», es decir, se está convirtiendo en una parte esencial de la vida cotidiana y en modelador de comportamientos y prácticas sexuales; máxime en sociedades conservadoras con deficientes niveles de educación o concientización en la materia. Para la elaboración de este trabajo se partió de una revisión preliminar de documentales que abordan el tema, para luego centrarse en distintas tesis feministas que han discutido sobre la problemática desde la década de 1970. Al final del escrito se enfatiza que aunque el porno puede presentar una fuerte capacidad transgresora, se ha reducido a nuevos mecanismos de represión subjetiva y sexual.

American critic Fredric Jameson has referred to the modern centred subject as a consequence of the historical development of capitalism: both a product of and compensation for the processes of reification and fragmentation brought about by our mode of production. For the critic, realism and modernism played a fundamental part in the consolidation of modern individuality through the use of textual strategies such as point of view and free indirect discourse, which conjure up the literary illusion of a unified self. These are procedures deftly used by Edith Wharton to build our novel’s central character, Lily Bart. At the same time, however, this individuality is inevitably threatened by Wharton’s particular views of society, influenced by social Darwinism, and by her acute awareness of social processes of reification and commodification. This article explores the conflict between Wharton’s proposal of a unified self and the reality of depersonalization reflected by the novel. Likewise, this essay examines the strategies of containment through which the novelist seeks to assuage this contradiction and compensate for the almost unbearable loss that her social views entail for the subject., El crítico estadounidense Fredric Jameson considera el concepto moderno de sujeto centrado como una consecuencia del desarrollo histórico del capitalismo: un producto de los procesos de reificación y desintegración inherentes a nuestro modo de producción y al mismo tiempo una compensación por los mismos. Para el crítico, realismo y modernismo jugaron un papel fundamental en la consolidación de la individualidad moderna mediante el uso de estrategias textuales como el punto de vista y el discurso libre indirecto, las cuales conjuran la ilusión literaria del yo unificado. En la novela que nos ocupa, Edith Wharton utiliza con destreza estos procedimientos para construir su protagonista, Lily Bart. Sin embargo, esta misma individualidad resulta al tiempo amenazada por la personal visión social de la autora, influida por el darwinismo social y caracterizada por una aguda consciencia de los procesos sociales de reificación y mercantilización. Este artículo explora el conflicto entre el yo unificado propuesto por Wharton en la novela y la realidad de la despersonalización reflejada por la misma. De igual modo, se examinan las estrategias de contención con las que la novelista trata de mitigar esta contradicción y compensar la casi insoportable pérdida que su visión social conlleva para el sujeto.

The paper discusses critically two books by Axel Honneth. On the one hand, the recent Brazilian-Portuguese translation of his essay on Reification; on the other hand, his book Anerkennung, on the different interpretations of the concept of recognition within three different European philosophical traditions – that from France, that from the United Kingdom and that from Germany. Accordingly, the present paper should be intended as an expanded critical review, in which internal aspects of both books are presented at length, although both books are situated in the larger discussion about Honneth’s own intellectual path. With this aim, the article intents, first, to present both books discussed and, secondly, to show that the connections of both essays to Honneth’s theory of recognition are solid enough to show that that theory is still a work in progress., O artigo procura apresentar de modo crítico duas obras de Axel Honneth. Na primeira parte, o texto tratado é a tradução brasileira do livro Reificação, em que Honneth explora a atualidade do conceito desenvolvido por Georg Lukács; na segunda parte, é comentado o ensaio de história das ideias, Anerkennung, que trata de diferentes interpretações dadas ao conceito de reconhecimento nos ambientes filosóficos da França, Reino Unido e Alemanha. O artigo se pretende uma resenha expandida, na qual aspectos internos de cada um dos dois livros são discutidos, mas também a situação de ambos dentro da obra completa de Honneth e, afinal, a própria contribuição que cada um dos dois livros aqui analisados aportam à trajetória de uma teoria do reconhecimento. Dessa maneira, pretende-se comentar criticamente cada um dos livros, mas também apontar para o fato de que a teoria do reconhecimento, como formulada por Honneth, ainda é uma obra em construção.

El objetivo de esta investigación es el de realizar un análisis de la epistemología de Quine. Para ello, comenzaré planteando la problemática filosófica del empirismo que nuestro autor critica en su obra. Continuaré realizando un análisis de la teoría del conocimiento de Quine desde su tesis pragmatista, con la que explicaré cómo se da el conocimiento según sus conceptos fundamentales: la reificación y el holismo. La tesis que defenderé es que los problemas que han caracterizado a la metafísica y, en consecuencia, al empirismo son producidos por un mal uso de la reificación.

This essay analyzes the formation of subjectivities that pornography is promoting in the last decades, above all, through the promotion of aggressive patriarchal and heteronormal visions. One relevant aspect is that porn is in the process of «normalization», that is, it is becoming an essential part of everyday life and modeling sexual behaviors and practices; especially in conservative societies with poor levels of education or awareness in the field. For the preparation of this work was based on a brief review of documentaries that address the issue, then focus on different feminist thesis that have discussed the problem since the 1970s. At the end of the writing emphasizes that although porn can present a strong transgressive capacity, it has been reduced to new mechanisms of subjective and sexual repression., El presente ensayo analiza la formación de subjetividades que la pornografía está promoviendo en las últimas décadas, sobre todo, a través de la promoción de agresivas visiones patriarcales y heteronormadas. Un aspecto relevante es que el porno se encuentra en pleno proceso de «normalización», es decir, se está convirtiendo en una parte esencial de la vida cotidiana y en modelador de comportamientos y prácticas sexuales; máxime en sociedades conservadoras con deficientes niveles de educación o concientización en la materia. Para la elaboración de este trabajo se partió de una revisión preliminar de documentales que abordan el tema, para luego centrarse en distintas tesis feministas que han discutido sobre la problemática desde la década de 1970. Al final del escrito se enfatiza que aunque el porno puede presentar una fuerte capacidad transgresora, se ha reducido a nuevos mecanismos de represión subjetiva y sexual.