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En pilotanläggning för ultrafiltering testas nu i Norrvattens reningsprocess för att undersöka ifall den kan användas som en tredje mikrobiologisk barriär i reningsprocessen. Målet med detta projekt är att testa membranets kapacitet att filtrera bort viruspartiklar men även membranet generella reduktionsförmåga för andra mikrobiologiska och kemiska kontamineringar. För att hitta lämpliga kandidater att använda sig av för att mäta reduktionskapaciteten av membranet har en litteraturstudie samt experimentell testning av råvattnet genomförts. OD mätningar på bakteriekulturer samt plackbildandeenheter (PBE) har undersökt för att se om bakteriofager kan finnas i proven. Ungefär 9000 L av ingående och utgående vatten från ultrafilteringen har koncentrerats med hjälp av ett elektropositivt filter som senare har eluerats och ultracentrifugerats. Pellet från ultracentrifugeringen har testat för virusdetektion med hjälp av PCR, qPCR samt PBE. TOC och absorbansmätningar har också genomförts på ingående och utgående vatten från ultrafiltermembranet. Slutligen utfördes ett bänkskaleexperiment för att undersöka hur väl filtret reducerade MS2 fager i utgående vatten. Den inledande testningen visade att plantviruset PMMoV och Pseudomonas fager kan vara bra kandidater att använda sig av för att mäta virusreduktionen över ultrafiltermembranet. När elueringen från ultrafiltreringen testades indikerades en minskad DNA koncentrationen över ultrafiltermembranet med hjälp av Qubit-mätningar. Testningen visade även indikation på att PMMoV reduceras över membranet samt att Pseudomonas fager kan finnas i vattnet. TOC och absorbansmätningarna visade en konstant reduktion över membranet. I bänkskaleexperiment borde enlig teori alla fager stoppas av membranet eftersom viruset är större än porstorleken 20 nm, dock visade experimentell testning på att fager även fanns i utgående vatten från filteringen. Resultat av studien indikerar att mikrobiologiska och kemiska kontamineringar tas bort av memb, The present study was investigating the effectiveness of the ultrafiltration membrane as third biological barrier in Norrvattens drinking water treatment process, using a pilot scale model. This project aims to test the viral reduction capability of the membrane but also to remove other microbiological and chemical contaminants. To find suitable candidates for measuring the reduction capability, literature research has been performed as well as experimental testing of the raw water coming into the treatment plant and the backwash water from the membrane. Bacterial growth analysis using optical density (OD) measurements and plaque forming unit (PFU) has been performed to investigate the presence of bacteriophages. Approximately 9000 L of incoming and outgoing water from the ultrafiltration membrane has been concentrated using an electropositive membrane which then was eluted and ultracentrifuged. The pellet from ultracentrifugation has been tested for viral detection with PCR, qPCR and plating. TOC and absorbance measurement was also performed on the ingoing and outgoing water from the ultrafiltration pilot plant. Finally, a bench-scale experiment was performed using MS2-spiked water to investigate how well the filter reduced MS2 phages in the outgoing water. The initial testing of the raw and backwash water showed that the plant virus Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) and Pseudomonas phages may be good candidates to use when evaluating the ultrafiltration membrane. When testing the eluate from the ultrafiltration pilot plant a reduction was seen in the starting DNA concentration when comparing the inlet and outlet water to the ultrafiltration pilot plant. The testing gave indications of a reduction of PMMoV and presence of Pseudomonas phages. The bench-scale experiment was hypothesized to stop all viral particles since according to theory the virus should be stopped by the membrane due to its pore size, but experimental testing indicated viruses in the outgoing wate

En pilotanläggning för ultrafiltering testas nu i Norrvattens reningsprocess för att undersöka ifall den kan användas som en tredje mikrobiologisk barriär i reningsprocessen. Målet med detta projekt är att testa membranets kapacitet att filtrera bort viruspartiklar men även membranet generella reduktionsförmåga för andra mikrobiologiska och kemiska kontamineringar. För att hitta lämpliga kandidater att använda sig av för att mäta reduktionskapaciteten av membranet har en litteraturstudie samt experimentell testning av råvattnet genomförts. OD mätningar på bakteriekulturer samt plackbildandeenheter (PBE) har undersökt för att se om bakteriofager kan finnas i proven. Ungefär 9000 L av ingående och utgående vatten från ultrafilteringen har koncentrerats med hjälp av ett elektropositivt filter som senare har eluerats och ultracentrifugerats. Pellet från ultracentrifugeringen har testat för virusdetektion med hjälp av PCR, qPCR samt PBE. TOC och absorbansmätningar har också genomförts på ingående och utgående vatten från ultrafiltermembranet. Slutligen utfördes ett bänkskaleexperiment för att undersöka hur väl filtret reducerade MS2 fager i utgående vatten. Den inledande testningen visade att plantviruset PMMoV och Pseudomonas fager kan vara bra kandidater att använda sig av för att mäta virusreduktionen över ultrafiltermembranet. När elueringen från ultrafiltreringen testades indikerades en minskad DNA koncentrationen över ultrafiltermembranet med hjälp av Qubit-mätningar. Testningen visade även indikation på att PMMoV reduceras över membranet samt att Pseudomonas fager kan finnas i vattnet. TOC och absorbansmätningarna visade en konstant reduktion över membranet. I bänkskaleexperiment borde enlig teori alla fager stoppas av membranet eftersom viruset är större än porstorleken 20 nm, dock visade experimentell testning på att fager även fanns i utgående vatten från filteringen. Resultat av studien indikerar att mikrobiologiska och kemiska kontamineringar tas bort av memb, The present study was investigating the effectiveness of the ultrafiltration membrane as third biological barrier in Norrvattens drinking water treatment process, using a pilot scale model. This project aims to test the viral reduction capability of the membrane but also to remove other microbiological and chemical contaminants. To find suitable candidates for measuring the reduction capability, literature research has been performed as well as experimental testing of the raw water coming into the treatment plant and the backwash water from the membrane. Bacterial growth analysis using optical density (OD) measurements and plaque forming unit (PFU) has been performed to investigate the presence of bacteriophages. Approximately 9000 L of incoming and outgoing water from the ultrafiltration membrane has been concentrated using an electropositive membrane which then was eluted and ultracentrifuged. The pellet from ultracentrifugation has been tested for viral detection with PCR, qPCR and plating. TOC and absorbance measurement was also performed on the ingoing and outgoing water from the ultrafiltration pilot plant. Finally, a bench-scale experiment was performed using MS2-spiked water to investigate how well the filter reduced MS2 phages in the outgoing water. The initial testing of the raw and backwash water showed that the plant virus Pepper Mild Mottle Virus (PMMoV) and Pseudomonas phages may be good candidates to use when evaluating the ultrafiltration membrane. When testing the eluate from the ultrafiltration pilot plant a reduction was seen in the starting DNA concentration when comparing the inlet and outlet water to the ultrafiltration pilot plant. The testing gave indications of a reduction of PMMoV and presence of Pseudomonas phages. The bench-scale experiment was hypothesized to stop all viral particles since according to theory the virus should be stopped by the membrane due to its pore size, but experimental testing indicated viruses in the outgoing wate

La implementación de coagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales corresponde a uno de los métodos utilizados con mayor frecuencia debido a su alta efectividad. Sin embargo, existen implicaciones ambientales y altos costos generados en la producción de los mismos, debido a su origen industrial. A causa de dicha coyuntura, resulta pertinente ejecutar procesos en los cuales la materia prima consista en un residuo agrícola, existente en grandes magnitudes que disminuya significativamente el impacto ambiental; como lo es la creación de un coagulante a partir de la cáscara de banano, que no solo dará solución a un problema de acumulación de residuos, sino que a su vez minimizará la contaminación del suelo, el agua y el aire, la bioacumulación de sustancias y el deterioro del entorno.

La implementación de coagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales corresponde a uno de los métodos utilizados con mayor frecuencia debido a su alta efectividad. Sin embargo, existen implicaciones ambientales y altos costos generados en la producción de los mismos, debido a su origen industrial. A causa de dicha coyuntura, resulta pertinente ejecutar procesos en los cuales la materia prima consista en un residuo agrícola, existente en grandes magnitudes que disminuya significativamente el impacto ambiental; como lo es la creación de un coagulante a partir de la cáscara de banano, que no solo dará solución a un problema de acumulación de residuos, sino que a su vez minimizará la contaminación del suelo, el agua y el aire, la bioacumulación de sustancias y el deterioro del entorno.

La implementación de coagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales corresponde a uno de los métodos utilizados con mayor frecuencia debido a su alta efectividad. Sin embargo, existen implicaciones ambientales y altos costos generados en la producción de los mismos, debido a su origen industrial. A causa de dicha coyuntura, resulta pertinente ejecutar procesos en los cuales la materia prima consista en un residuo agrícola, existente en grandes magnitudes que disminuya significativamente el impacto ambiental; como lo es la creación de un coagulante a partir de la cáscara de banano, que no solo dará solución a un problema de acumulación de residuos, sino que a su vez minimizará la contaminación del suelo, el agua y el aire, la bioacumulación de sustancias y el deterioro del entorno.

[Aim]: The commonly used analytical methods for microplastic (MPs) detection in drinking water and the threat of MP pollution in water intended for human consumption to human beings are presented through a systematic review. Furthermore, MP occurrence, transport, and fate from raw to treated drinking water, tap water, and bottled water, as well as the possible health impacts of MPs on human beings, are also evaluated. [Methods]: Systematic review included articles published in scientific journals that contain specific keywords in the title and were searched in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus. The literature was selected and extracted by two reviewers based on the PRISMA-A guidelines, which recommend including 57 items. [Results]: The experimental studies pointed out that sampling is performed using grab or reduced samples, and sample treatment involves mostly oxidation with hydrogen peroxide and density separation. The minimum sample size obtainable in the extraction and the maximum density of the polymer separable from the matrix provided different results. Clearly, the determination of MPs involves the simultaneous application of several analytical techniques, including optical, fluorescence, and electronic microscopies, µFTIR, µ-Raman, and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The determination technique also provides different results according to the sensitivity as well as the minimum size determinable. These studies are mostly devoted to establishing the occurrence, transport, and fate within the supply network, the efficiency in removal of MPs from drinking water by treatment plants, and the risk to humans. The MP concentration in drinking water reservoirs is highly variable. However, tap water always presents lower concentrations of MPs than the water that enters the drinking water treatment plants because the different treatments are efficient at removing MPs. Although it has not been fully demonstrated that MPs are toxic to humans, the effects po

La implementación de coagulantes en el tratamiento de aguas residuales corresponde a uno de los métodos utilizados con mayor frecuencia debido a su alta efectividad. Sin embargo, existen implicaciones ambientales y altos costos generados en la producción de los mismos, debido a su origen industrial. A causa de dicha coyuntura, resulta pertinente ejecutar procesos en los cuales la materia prima consista en un residuo agrícola, existente en grandes magnitudes que disminuya significativamente el impacto ambiental; como lo es la creación de un coagulante a partir de la cáscara de banano, que no solo dará solución a un problema de acumulación de residuos, sino que a su vez minimizará la contaminación del suelo, el agua y el aire, la bioacumulación de sustancias y el deterioro del entorno.

Currently, the purification of raw water is relevant due to its scarcity in some regions of the world. The objective of this work was to reduce the turbidity of raw water by using cassava starch as a natural coagulant. Starch was extracted from cassava for the coagulation-flocculation tests that were carried out using a response surface type experimental design. The response variables were turbidity, colour and pH, the intermediate variables being the initial concentration of the sample, speed and time of centrifugation, cooling time, stirring speed and coagulant concentration. It was established that by adding 250 mg/L of coagulant and with a speed of 40 rpm, a higher percentage of turbidity elimination is achieved. Similarly, starch does not add or remove colour to raw water samples, being within the range used and considered acceptable for use following Decree 1575 of 2007 for drinking water. Under the conditions established during the jar test, the turbidity removal percentages were higher than 70%. Therefore, cassava starch could be used as a natural coagulant., Actualmente, la purificación del agua cruda es relevante debido a su escasez en algunas regiones del mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reducir la turbidez del agua cruda utilizando almidón de yuca como coagulante natural. El almidón se extrajo de la yuca para las pruebas de coagulación-floculación que se llevaron a cabo utilizando un diseño experimental de tipo de superficie de respuesta. Las variables de respuesta fueron turbidez, color y pH, siendo las variables intermedias la concentración inicial de la muestra, la velocidad y el tiempo de centrifugación, el tiempo de enfriamiento, la velocidad de agitación y la concentración de coagulante. Se estableció que al agregar 250 mg/L de coagulante y con una velocidad de 40 rpm, se logra un mayor porcentaje de eliminación de turbidez. Del mismo modo, el almidón no agrega ni elimina color a lasmuestras de agua cruda, estando dentro del rango utilizado y considerado aceptable para su uso de acuerdo con el Decreto 1575 de 2007 para el agua potable. En las condiciones establecidas durante la prueba de jarra, los porcentajes de eliminación de turbidez fueron superiores al 70%. Por lo tanto, el almidón de yuca podría usarse como coagulante natural

Currently, the purification of raw water is relevant due to its scarcity in some regions of the world. The objective of this work was to reduce the turbidity of raw water by using cassava starch as a natural coagulant. Starch was extracted from cassava for the coagulation-flocculation tests that were carried out using a response surface type experimental design. The response variables were turbidity, colour and pH, the intermediate variables being the initial concentration of the sample, speed and time of centrifugation, cooling time, stirring speed and coagulant concentration. It was established that by adding 250 mg/L of coagulant and with a speed of 40 rpm, a higher percentage of turbidity elimination is achieved. Similarly, starch does not add or remove colour to raw water samples, being within the range used and considered acceptable for use following Decree 1575 of 2007 for drinking water. Under the conditions established during the jar test, the turbidity removal percentages were higher than 70%. Therefore, cassava starch could be used as a natural coagulant., Actualmente, la purificación del agua cruda es relevante debido a su escasez en algunas regiones del mundo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reducir la turbidez del agua cruda utilizando almidón de yuca como coagulante natural. El almidón se extrajo de la yuca para las pruebas de coagulación-floculación que se llevaron a cabo utilizando un diseño experimental de tipo de superficie de respuesta. Las variables de respuesta fueron turbidez, color y pH, siendo las variables intermedias la concentración inicial de la muestra, la velocidad y el tiempo de centrifugación, el tiempo de enfriamiento, la velocidad de agitación y la concentración de coagulante. Se estableció que al agregar 250 mg/L de coagulante y con una velocidad de 40 rpm, se logra un mayor porcentaje de eliminación de turbidez. Del mismo modo, el almidón no agrega ni elimina color a lasmuestras de agua cruda, estando dentro del rango utilizado y considerado aceptable para su uso de acuerdo con el Decreto 1575 de 2007 para el agua potable. En las condiciones establecidas durante la prueba de jarra, los porcentajes de eliminación de turbidez fueron superiores al 70%. Por lo tanto, el almidón de yuca podría usarse como coagulante natural

Understanding the character of natural organic matter (NOM) and assessing its impact on water quality is paramount for managers of catchments and water utilities. For drinking-water producers, NOM affects disinfectant demand and the formation of by-products which can have adverse health effects. NOM content in raw waters also has an impact on water treatment processes by increasing required coagulant dosages, reducing the effectiveness of adsorption processes and fouling membrane systems. This study investigated the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a co-coagulant in Al3+ and Fe3+ assisted coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes for NOM-removal from raw water collected from Lake Bolmen, in southern Sweden. Jar tests were conducted at Ringsjo Water Works (WW), a surface water treatment plant (WTP), to investigate the potential reduction in primary coagulants aluminum sulphate (Al-2(SO4)(3)) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). This work shows that CaCl2 can, in certain situations, reduce the need for primary coagulants, which would reduce the environmental impact and costs associated with primary coagulant consumption.

Poly- och perfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) är syntetiskt tillverkade kemikalier som omfattar cirka 4700 individuella ämnen. PFAS har använts sedan 1950-talet i ett antal applikationer som brandsläckningsskum, impregneringsmedel samt textilier, på grund av sina unika egenskaper att vara både vattenlöslig (hydrofila) och vattenavstötande (hydrofoba). Dessa egenskaper gör att göra att PFAS kan transporteras långa vägar. Dessutom är ämnets kol-fluorbindning en av det starkaste kemiska bindningar som gör dem mycket stabila och därför svårnedbrytbara i miljön. Många PFAS misstänkts vara skadliga och kan ansamlas i både djur och människor. Ett antal PFAS har visat sig ge negativa effekter på reproduktion, immunsystem, sköldkörtelhormoner och levern vid djurförsök. Vissa tas lättare upp av kroppen men det är oklart vilken påverkan exakt alla 4700 PFAS-ämnen har. Dessa potentiellt skadliga föroreningar upptäcks på flera ställen i Sverige och har redan resulterat i allvarliga problem för dricksvattenförsörjningen. Dagens reningsmetoder avlägsnar inte PFAS och i kombination med toxiska egenskaper och hög bioackumuleringspotential kan det bli farligt för både människor och miljö. Därför regleras summan av 11 PFAS-ämnen (summa-11) med en åtgärdsgräns på 90 ng/L för vattenverk i Sverige. Vissa vattenverk har tvingats sättas ur bruk på grund av för höga PFAS-koncentrationer i producerat dricksvatten. Kunskapen om källor till PFAS är fortfarande låg men utredning av flera potentiella källor pågår. I detta arbete har ett antal PFAS-ämnen analyserats uppströms Glan, den sjö i Norrköping kommun som försörjer över 90 % av invånarna med dricksvatten. Syftet är att kartlägga och karaktärisera PFAS i Norrköpings råvattentäkt Glan med tillflöden för att få en ökad förståelse för potentiell påverkan på dricksvattenproduktion. Kartläggningen skedde genom provtagningar uppströms Borgs råvattenintag. Det samlades också in data från andra aktörer längre uppströms i vattensystemet längs Mot, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetically manufactured chemicals comprising about 4700 individual substances. PFAS has been used since the 1950s in a number of applications such as firefighting foam, impregnating agents and textiles, due to its unique properties of being both water-soluble (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic). These properties allow PFAS to be transported long distances. In addition, the substance's carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest chemical bonds that makes them very stable and therefore difficult to degrade in the environment. Many PFASs are suspected to be harmful and can accumulate in both animals and humans. A number of PFASs have been shown to have adverse effects on reproduction, immune systems, thyroid hormones and the liver in animal experiments. Some are more easily absorbed by the body, but it is unclear what effect exactly all 4700 PFAS substances have. These potentially harmful pollutants are discovered in several places in Sweden and have already resulted in serious problems for the drinking water supply. Today's purification methods do not remove PFAS and in combination with toxic properties and high bioaccumulation potential, it can be dangerous for both humans and the environment. Therefore, the sum of 11 PFAS substances (summa-11) is regulated with a limit value of 90 ng/L for waterworks in Sweden. Some waterworks have been forced out of service due to too high PFAS concentrations in produced drinking water. Knowledge of sources for PFAS is still low, but investigation of several potential sources is ongoing. In this study, a number of PFAS substances have been analyzed upstream of Glan, the lake in Norrköping municipality that supplies more than 90% of the inhabitants with drinking water. The aim is to map and characterize PFAS in Norrköping's water catchment Glan with inflows to gain an increased understanding of the potential impact on drinking water production. The mapping took place thr

Understanding the character of natural organic matter (NOM) and assessing its impact on water quality is paramount for managers of catchments and water utilities. For drinking-water producers, NOM affects disinfectant demand and the formation of by-products which can have adverse health effects. NOM content in raw waters also has an impact on water treatment processes by increasing required coagulant dosages, reducing the effectiveness of adsorption processes and fouling membrane systems. This study investigated the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) as a co-coagulant in Al3+ and Fe3+ assisted coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes for NOM-removal from raw water collected from Lake Bolmen, in southern Sweden. Jar tests were conducted at Ringsjo Water Works (WW), a surface water treatment plant (WTP), to investigate the potential reduction in primary coagulants aluminum sulphate (Al-2(SO4)(3)) and ferric chloride (FeCl3). This work shows that CaCl2 can, in certain situations, reduce the need for primary coagulants, which would reduce the environmental impact and costs associated with primary coagulant consumption.

Poly- och perfluorerade alkylsubstanser (PFAS) är syntetiskt tillverkade kemikalier som omfattar cirka 4700 individuella ämnen. PFAS har använts sedan 1950-talet i ett antal applikationer som brandsläckningsskum, impregneringsmedel samt textilier, på grund av sina unika egenskaper att vara både vattenlöslig (hydrofila) och vattenavstötande (hydrofoba). Dessa egenskaper gör att göra att PFAS kan transporteras långa vägar. Dessutom är ämnets kol-fluorbindning en av det starkaste kemiska bindningar som gör dem mycket stabila och därför svårnedbrytbara i miljön. Många PFAS misstänkts vara skadliga och kan ansamlas i både djur och människor. Ett antal PFAS har visat sig ge negativa effekter på reproduktion, immunsystem, sköldkörtelhormoner och levern vid djurförsök. Vissa tas lättare upp av kroppen men det är oklart vilken påverkan exakt alla 4700 PFAS-ämnen har. Dessa potentiellt skadliga föroreningar upptäcks på flera ställen i Sverige och har redan resulterat i allvarliga problem för dricksvattenförsörjningen. Dagens reningsmetoder avlägsnar inte PFAS och i kombination med toxiska egenskaper och hög bioackumuleringspotential kan det bli farligt för både människor och miljö. Därför regleras summan av 11 PFAS-ämnen (summa-11) med en åtgärdsgräns på 90 ng/L för vattenverk i Sverige. Vissa vattenverk har tvingats sättas ur bruk på grund av för höga PFAS-koncentrationer i producerat dricksvatten. Kunskapen om källor till PFAS är fortfarande låg men utredning av flera potentiella källor pågår. I detta arbete har ett antal PFAS-ämnen analyserats uppströms Glan, den sjö i Norrköping kommun som försörjer över 90 % av invånarna med dricksvatten. Syftet är att kartlägga och karaktärisera PFAS i Norrköpings råvattentäkt Glan med tillflöden för att få en ökad förståelse för potentiell påverkan på dricksvattenproduktion. Kartläggningen skedde genom provtagningar uppströms Borgs råvattenintag. Det samlades också in data från andra aktörer längre uppströms i vattensystemet längs Mot, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetically manufactured chemicals comprising about 4700 individual substances. PFAS has been used since the 1950s in a number of applications such as firefighting foam, impregnating agents and textiles, due to its unique properties of being both water-soluble (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic). These properties allow PFAS to be transported long distances. In addition, the substance's carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest chemical bonds that makes them very stable and therefore difficult to degrade in the environment. Many PFASs are suspected to be harmful and can accumulate in both animals and humans. A number of PFASs have been shown to have adverse effects on reproduction, immune systems, thyroid hormones and the liver in animal experiments. Some are more easily absorbed by the body, but it is unclear what effect exactly all 4700 PFAS substances have. These potentially harmful pollutants are discovered in several places in Sweden and have already resulted in serious problems for the drinking water supply. Today's purification methods do not remove PFAS and in combination with toxic properties and high bioaccumulation potential, it can be dangerous for both humans and the environment. Therefore, the sum of 11 PFAS substances (summa-11) is regulated with a limit value of 90 ng/L for waterworks in Sweden. Some waterworks have been forced out of service due to too high PFAS concentrations in produced drinking water. Knowledge of sources for PFAS is still low, but investigation of several potential sources is ongoing. In this study, a number of PFAS substances have been analyzed upstream of Glan, the lake in Norrköping municipality that supplies more than 90% of the inhabitants with drinking water. The aim is to map and characterize PFAS in Norrköping's water catchment Glan with inflows to gain an increased understanding of the potential impact on drinking water production. The mapping took place thr

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is an orally-transmitted zoonosis that may appear after consuming food contaminated with any infective form of Toxoplasma gondii. Its transmission by water has been reported in several countries including Colombia. The rural population of Sincelejo could be at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis through this route given that they lack potable water.Objective: To evaluate T. gondii contamination in water for human consumption from water wells (jagüeyes) in the rural area of Sincelejo and establish its relationship with different social determinants of health in the study area.Materials and methods: Using nested PCR we evaluated 96 water samples obtained from 48 farms located in eight rural townships in Sincelejo. We took two samples in each farm: one of raw water from water wells and the other intended for direct consumption. We conducted a survey on each farm to collect information on the physical characteristics of dwellings, the presence of cats, and the availability and uses of water. Statistical relationships were evaluated through Fisher tests.Results: Of the 96 samples analyzed, 13 were contaminated with T. gondii (13.5%): Nine corresponded to raw water and four to water for direct consumption. No statistical association was found between the positive samples and the social determinants of health under evaluation (p>0.05).Conclusion: The rural population of Sincelejo could be at risk of contracting toxoplasmosis through the use and/or consumption of water from its water wells. The contamination of these water bodies by T. gondii may be influenced by unstudied social determinants., Introducción. La toxoplasmosis es una zoonosis que se transmite por vía oral al consumir alimentos contaminados con cualquier forma infectiva de Toxoplasma gondii. Su transmisión por agua ha sido documentada en varios países, incluido Colombia. Al no disponer de agua potable, la población rural de Sincelejo podría estar en riesgo de contraer toxoplasmosis por esta vía.Objetivo. Evaluar la contaminación por T. gondii del agua para consumo humano proveniente de jagüeyes de la zona rural de Sincelejo y establecer su relación con diferentes determinantes sociales de la salud en el área de estudio.Materiales y métodos. Mediante PCR anidada, se evaluaron 96 muestras de agua obtenidas en 48 fincas ubicadas en ocho corregimientos rurales de Sincelejo. En cada finca se obtuvieron dos muestras: una de agua cruda de jagüey y otra destinada al consumo directo. En cada finca se hizo una encuesta para recolectar información sobre características físicas de la vivienda, presencia de gatos, y disponibilidad de agua y sus usos. Las relaciones estadísticas se evaluaron con el test de Fisher.Resultados. De las 96 muestras analizadas, 13 resultaron contaminadas con T. gondii (13,5 %): nueve de agua cruda y cuatro de agua para el consumo directo. No se encontró asociación estadística entre las muestras positivas y los determinantes sociales de la salud evaluados (p>0,05).Conclusión. La población rural de Sincelejo podría estar en riesgo de contraer toxoplasmosis por el uso y consumo del agua proveniente de sus jagüeyes. La contaminación de estos cuerpos de agua por T. gondii puede estar influenciada por otros determinantes sociales de la salud no contemplados aquí.

Introduction: Enteric viruses have been associated with the production of a variety of diseases transmitted by the fecal-oral route and carried through contaminated food and water. Given their structure and composition, they are highly resistant to environmental conditions and most of the chemical agents used in the purification processes. Therefore, the systematic monitoring of raw water is necessary to ensure its quality especially when it is used for producing drinking water for human consumption.Objective: We identified the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis A virus by means of the fluoro-immuno-magnetic separation technique (FIMS) in raw water taken from four purification plants and their water supplies in the department of Norte de Santander.Materials and methods: The viruses were captured and separated from the water samples using magnetic microparticles functionalized with monoclonal anti-Hepatitis A and anti-Rotavirus antibodies. Confocal microscopy was used to monitor the viral concentration process and transmission electron microscopy for the morphological visualization of the separated viruses. The reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to confirm the presence of pathogens.Results: The two enteric viruses were identified in the majority of the analyzed water samples including water supply sources.Conclusion: We determined that the FIMS technique together with RT-PCR is highly effective for the detection of viral pathogens in complex matrices such as raw water., Introducción. Los virus entéricos se asocian con una serie de enfermedades transmitidas por vía fecal-oral en alimentos o agua contaminada. Dada su estructura y composición, son muy resistentes a las condiciones ambientales y a la mayoría de los agentes químicos empleados en los procesos de potabilización, por lo cual es necesario un monitoreo sistemático del agua cruda para asegurar su calidad, máxime cuando se emplea como materia prima en la producción de agua potable para consumo humano.Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de rotavirus y del virus de la hepatitis A mediante la técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética en agua cruda procedente de cuatro plantas de potabilización y sus fuentes hídricas en el departamento de Norte de Santander.Materiales y métodos. Los virus fueron capturados y separados a partir de las muestras de agua, empleando micropartículas magnéticas funcionalizadas con anticuerpos monoclonales anti-hepatitis A y anti-rotavirus. Se empleó microscopía confocal para hacer el seguimiento del proceso de concentración viral y, microscopía electrónica de transmisión, para la visualización morfológica de los virus separados. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa acoplada a transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR) se utilizó para confirmar la presencia de los patógenos.Resultados. Los dos virus entéricos se detectaron en la mayoría de las muestras de agua analizadas, incluidas las de sus fuentes hídricas.Conclusión. La técnica de separación fluoro-inmuno-magnética acoplada a RT-PCR fue altamente efectiva en la detección de patógenos virales en matrices complejas como el agua cruda.

A mini thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Integrated Water Resource Management), The open concrete-lined Calueque-Oshakati canal has been operational since the 1970s, carrying raw water from the Calueque Dam on the Kunene River in the Southern region of Angola to the Central Northern region of Namibia. This raw water is conveyed to the purification plants along the canal, where it is purified before distribution to towns and villages through pipelines. This thesis presents the findings on the estimation of evaporation losses using the stable isotopic composition of water in the canal. The study aimed at estimating the amounts of water lost from the Calueque-Oshakati canal due to evaporation against the amounts supplied to the lower Cuvelai-Etosha Basin (CEB) in Namibia. The water samples were collected along the canal and sent to the laboratory for stable isotope composition analysis. The isotopic data was inserted in a hydro-calculator with climatic variables to compute the evaporation factors. The findings of the research showed that higher amounts of water are lost due to evaporation during the dry season than the wet season. This paper finally recommends the change of the method of transferring water from Angola to Namibia and the establishment of the local evaporation line (LEL) in the Central Northern Namibia.

Pesticides can get in drinking water sources above all by means of agricultural activities, and they can negatively affect not only the environment but also our health. Adsorption is one of the water treatment processes used for pesticide removal from water. Our laboratory trial studying removal of pesticides from raw water used the sorption process on two selected sorbents. The laboratory experiment was performed at the Institute of Municipal Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. Charcoal was one of the sorbents, used in the form of Filtrasorb F100. The other sorbent was Bayoxide E33, selected due to its favourable results in removal of metals from water. The measured values suggest that Filtrasorb F100 reduced concentrations of most pesticides down to the lower limit of measurability. Only pesticide metazachlor ESA showed continuous increase of concentration in the course of the filtration. Bayoxide E33 was unable to remove pesticides. Most pesticides were desorbed by the material after a time, only in the case of two pesticides (atrazin-2-hydroxy and terbuthylazin-desethyl-2-hydroxy) concentrations were reduced down to the limit of measurability., Pesticidy se ve zdrojích pitné vody vyskytují již delší dobu, ale aktuálním tématem v oblasti vodního hospodářství se stávají až tehdy, kdy je ve zdroji překročena limitní hodnota. Do zdrojů pitné vody se pesticidy mohou dostat především zemědělskou činností a mohou tak ovlivnit nejen životní prostředí, ale také naše zdraví. Jedním z úpravárenských procesů, který se používá pro odstranění pesticidů z vody, může být adsorpce. Pro laboratorní pokus, zabývající se odstraněním pesticidů ze surové vody byla použita sorpce na dvou vybraných sorbentech. Laboratorní experiment byl prováděn na Ústavu vodního hospodářství obcí na FAST VUT v Brně. Prvním sorbentem bylo aktivní uhlí Filtrasorb F100 a druhý sorbent byl vybrán na základě příznivých výsledků při odstraňování kovů z vody. Aktivní uhlí se ukázalo jako spolehlivější materiál pro odstranění pesticidů z vody než krystalické medium Bayoxide E33.

Pesticides can get in drinking water sources above all by means of agricultural activities, and they can negatively affect not only the environment but also our health. Adsorption is one of the water treatment processes used for pesticide removal from water. Our laboratory trial studying removal of pesticides from raw water used the sorption process on two selected sorbents. The laboratory experiment was performed at the Institute of Municipal Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. Charcoal was one of the sorbents, used in the form of Filtrasorb F100. The other sorbent was Bayoxide E33, selected due to its favourable results in removal of metals from water. The measured values suggest that Filtrasorb F100 reduced concentrations of most pesticides down to the lower limit of measurability. Only pesticide metazachlor ESA showed continuous increase of concentration in the course of the filtration. Bayoxide E33 was unable to remove pesticides. Most pesticides were desorbed by the material after a time, only in the case of two pesticides (atrazin-2-hydroxy and terbuthylazin-desethyl-2-hydroxy) concentrations were reduced down to the limit of measurability., Pesticidy se ve zdrojích pitné vody vyskytují již delší dobu, ale aktuálním tématem v oblasti vodního hospodářství se stávají až tehdy, kdy je ve zdroji překročena limitní hodnota. Do zdrojů pitné vody se pesticidy mohou dostat především zemědělskou činností a mohou tak ovlivnit nejen životní prostředí, ale také naše zdraví. Jedním z úpravárenských procesů, který se používá pro odstranění pesticidů z vody, může být adsorpce. Pro laboratorní pokus, zabývající se odstraněním pesticidů ze surové vody byla použita sorpce na dvou vybraných sorbentech. Laboratorní experiment byl prováděn na Ústavu vodního hospodářství obcí na FAST VUT v Brně. Prvním sorbentem bylo aktivní uhlí Filtrasorb F100 a druhý sorbent byl vybrán na základě příznivých výsledků při odstraňování kovů z vody. Aktivní uhlí se ukázalo jako spolehlivější materiál pro odstranění pesticidů z vody než krystalické medium Bayoxide E33.

The open concrete-lined Calueque-Oshakati canal has been operational since the 1970s, carrying raw water from the Calueque Dam on the Kunene River in the Southern region of Angola to the Central Northern region of Namibia. This raw water is conveyed to the purification plants along the canal, where it is purified before distribution to towns and villages through pipelines. This thesis presents the findings on the estimation of evaporation losses using the stable isotopic composition of water in the canal. The study aimed at estimating the amounts of water lost from the Calueque-Oshakati canal due to evaporation against the amounts supplied to the lower Cuvelai-Etosha Basin (CEB) in Namibia. The water samples were collected along the canal and sent to the laboratory for stable isotope composition analysis. The isotopic data was inserted in a hydro-calculator with climatic variables to compute the evaporation factors. The findings of the research showed that higher amounts of water are lost due to evaporation during the dry season than the wet season. This paper finally recommends the change of the method of transferring water from Angola to Namibia and the establishment of the local evaporation line (LEL) in the Central Northern Namibia.

The open concrete-lined Calueque-Oshakati canal has been operational since the 1970s, carrying raw water from the Calueque Dam on the Kunene River in the Southern region of Angola to the Central Northern region of Namibia. This raw water is conveyed to the purification plants along the canal, where it is purified before distribution to towns and villages through pipelines. This thesis presents the findings on the estimation of evaporation losses using the stable isotopic composition of water in the canal. The study aimed at estimating the amounts of water lost from the Calueque-Oshakati canal due to evaporation against the amounts supplied to the lower Cuvelai-Etosha Basin (CEB) in Namibia. The water samples were collected along the canal and sent to the laboratory for stable isotope composition analysis. The isotopic data was inserted in a hydro-calculator with climatic variables to compute the evaporation factors. The findings of the research showed that higher amounts of water are lost due to evaporation during the dry season than the wet season. This paper finally recommends the change of the method of transferring water from Angola to Namibia and the establishment of the local evaporation line (LEL) in the Central Northern Namibia.

The open concrete-lined Calueque-Oshakati canal has been operational since the 1970s, carrying raw water from the Calueque Dam on the Kunene River in the Southern region of Angola to the Central Northern region of Namibia. This raw water is conveyed to the purification plants along the canal, where it is purified before distribution to towns and villages through pipelines. This thesis presents the findings on the estimation of evaporation losses using the stable isotopic composition of water in the canal. The study aimed at estimating the amounts of water lost from the Calueque-Oshakati canal due to evaporation against the amounts supplied to the lower Cuvelai-Etosha Basin (CEB) in Namibia. The water samples were collected along the canal and sent to the laboratory for stable isotope composition analysis. The isotopic data was inserted in a hydro-calculator with climatic variables to compute the evaporation factors. The findings of the research showed that higher amounts of water are lost due to evaporation during the dry season than the wet season. This paper finally recommends the change of the method of transferring water from Angola to Namibia and the establishment of the local evaporation line (LEL) in the Central Northern Namibia.

Pesticides can get in drinking water sources above all by means of agricultural activities, and they can negatively affect not only the environment but also our health. Adsorption is one of the water treatment processes used for pesticide removal from water. Our laboratory trial studying removal of pesticides from raw water used the sorption process on two selected sorbents. The laboratory experiment was performed at the Institute of Municipal Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. Charcoal was one of the sorbents, used in the form of Filtrasorb F100. The other sorbent was Bayoxide E33, selected due to its favourable results in removal of metals from water. The measured values suggest that Filtrasorb F100 reduced concentrations of most pesticides down to the lower limit of measurability. Only pesticide metazachlor ESA showed continuous increase of concentration in the course of the filtration. Bayoxide E33 was unable to remove pesticides. Most pesticides were desorbed by the material after a time, only in the case of two pesticides (atrazin-2-hydroxy and terbuthylazin-desethyl-2-hydroxy) concentrations were reduced down to the limit of measurability., Pesticidy se ve zdrojích pitné vody vyskytují již delší dobu, ale aktuálním tématem v oblasti vodního hospodářství se stávají až tehdy, kdy je ve zdroji překročena limitní hodnota. Do zdrojů pitné vody se pesticidy mohou dostat především zemědělskou činností a mohou tak ovlivnit nejen životní prostředí, ale také naše zdraví. Jedním z úpravárenských procesů, který se používá pro odstranění pesticidů z vody, může být adsorpce. Pro laboratorní pokus, zabývající se odstraněním pesticidů ze surové vody byla použita sorpce na dvou vybraných sorbentech. Laboratorní experiment byl prováděn na Ústavu vodního hospodářství obcí na FAST VUT v Brně. Prvním sorbentem bylo aktivní uhlí Filtrasorb F100 a druhý sorbent byl vybrán na základě příznivých výsledků při odstraňování kovů z vody. Aktivní uhlí se ukázalo jako spolehlivější materiál pro odstranění pesticidů z vody než krystalické medium Bayoxide E33.

[EN] BackgroundThe quality of raw and drinking water is a matter of considerable concern due to the possibility of fecal contamination. To assess the quality and public health risk of different types of water, the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are used. However, some pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, may be present in water when FIB cannot be found.Hpylori is recognized as the causative agent of chronic gastritis, peptic and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships among physicochemical parameters, FIB concentrations, and the presence of Hpylori DNA in raw and drinking water from Bogota, Colombia. Materials and MethodsA total of 310 water samples were collected 1day per week from July 2015 to August 2016, and physicochemical parameters (pH, turbidity, conductivity, and residual free chlorine) were measured. Presence of Hpylori DNA was determined and quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Fecal indicator bacteria (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and spores of sulfite-reducing Clostridia) were enumerated by using standard culture techniques. ResultsThirty of 155 (31%) raw water samples and forty-eight of 155 (38.7%) drinking water samples were positive for the presence of Hpylori. No statistically significant relationships were found between physicochemical parameters or FIB with the presence or absence of Hpylori in any sample (P<0.05). ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the presence of Hpylori DNA in raw and drinking water in Bogota, and shows that the detection and enumeration of FIB and physicochemical parameters in water do not correlate with the risk of contamination with Hpylori.

The task of providing clean drinking water is made more demanding since pollutants have the ability to percolate into the groundwater. Because of the limited budget for drinking water monitoring and the high cost of drinking water contaminant analysis, it is of the highest importance to only analyze relevant contaminants. The aim of this study is thus to develop a monitoring tool that is adapted according to the specific industrial activities and land uses in a water catchment area to simplify and target relevant pollutants in raw water. This will also minimize the costs and increase the effectiveness of the groundwater monitoring. First we conducted a scientific data literature search to empirically enquire the answers to the following questions: (1) Can a so called basic analytical parameter package be designed with appurtenant addition packages? (2) What environmentally hazardous industries are present in the water catchment area of the water source Harplinge-Dettan? (3) How can it be assured that a parameter package is complete, and that not new or forbidden substances are being used and which are not being identified? We further mapped out the surrounding industries in the area of Harplinge-Dettan as well as the agricultural purposes of the land. From here we designed a basic analytical parameter package, which essentially is a list of possible parameters that can be found in a water catchment area. These parameters are recurrent pollutants that can be found in any catchment area. Additionally, we designed several additional packages which are specific to the surrounding industries for that water catchment area. Subsequently, the parameters here are outliers found in the basic analytical parameter package. This means that these are non-recurring pollutants that can only be linked to a specific source (i.e. trikloretylen can be linked to dry cleaning facilities, but no other activity in the area).

The task of providing clean drinking water is made more demanding since pollutants have the ability to percolate into the groundwater. Because of the limited budget for drinking water monitoring and the high cost of drinking water contaminant analysis, it is of the highest importance to only analyze relevant contaminants. The aim of this study is thus to develop a monitoring tool that is adapted according to the specific industrial activities and land uses in a water catchment area to simplify and target relevant pollutants in raw water. This will also minimize the costs and increase the effectiveness of the groundwater monitoring. First we conducted a scientific data literature search to empirically enquire the answers to the following questions: (1) Can a so called basic analytical parameter package be designed with appurtenant addition packages? (2) What environmentally hazardous industries are present in the water catchment area of the water source Harplinge-Dettan? (3) How can it be assured that a parameter package is complete, and that not new or forbidden substances are being used and which are not being identified? We further mapped out the surrounding industries in the area of Harplinge-Dettan as well as the agricultural purposes of the land. From here we designed a basic analytical parameter package, which essentially is a list of possible parameters that can be found in a water catchment area. These parameters are recurrent pollutants that can be found in any catchment area. Additionally, we designed several additional packages which are specific to the surrounding industries for that water catchment area. Subsequently, the parameters here are outliers found in the basic analytical parameter package. This means that these are non-recurring pollutants that can only be linked to a specific source (i.e. trikloretylen can be linked to dry cleaning facilities, but no other activity in the area).

In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the water quality changes in River Tawi water treated at Sitlee water treatment plant, and supplied for drinking to Old Jammu City, Jammu, J&K, India. Water samples from the treated water unit of Sitlee water treatment plant and around ten houses from the distribution point (Old Jammu City) were analyzed monthly for various physicochemical parameters for a period of one year (February 2014 to January 2015). The study indicated deterioration of drinking water quality during its passage through the distribution network which has been attributed to the leakages and defects in the old pipe system supplying water to the Jammu city. Comparison of analyzed water quality parameters with the drinking water standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) indicated that parameters like DO (7.49-8.24mg/l), calcium(49.93-67.08mg/l), magnesium(16.14-25.21mg/l) and potassium(6.99-7.93mg/l) were almost nearing the desirable limits but were within the permissible limits and parameters like turbidity(3.5-8.17 NTU) and total hardness(78.87-120.50mg/l) were above the desirable limits in the water samples collected from the distribution point. The collected primary data for the thirteen water quality parameters has been used to calculate the Arithmetic Water Quality Index(WQI) which has shown monsoon increase with higher values at distribution point(65.65). One time microbial analysis (MPN/100ml) for total and faecal coliform has indicated presence of faecal coliform (<1/100ml) in water samples from eight households at distribution point which indicates contamination of water with human faecal matter during its passage through the distribution network. According to microbial standards laid down by Central Pollution Control Board (2008), water contaminated with faecal coliform is unfit for drinking without conventional treatment.

The state-of-the-art monitoring of drinking water hygiene is based on the cultivation and enumeration of indicator bacteria. Despite its proven reliability, this approach has the disadvantages of being (a) relatively slow and (b) limited to a small number of indicator bacteria. Ideally, alternative methods would be less time-consuming while providing information about a larger set of hygienically relevant microorganisms including viruses. In this paper, we present insights into the design of a modular concentration and detection system for bacteria, bacteriophages and viruses. Following further validation, this or similar techniques have the potential to extend and speed up the monitoring of raw and drinking water hygiene in the future. The system consists of different modules for the concentration of microorganisms, an amplification and detection unit that includes a module for the differentiation between live and dead microorganisms, and an automated system for decision support and self-diagnosis. The ongoing testing under controlled laboratory conditions and real-life conditions in the water supply industry yields further system improvements. Moreover, the increased sensitivity and broader range of microbiological parameters emphasize the need for a reconsideration of the currently used criteria for the assessment of (drinking) water hygiene.

In this study, water samples from the surroundings of Uppsala were examined for residues of pesticides, pharmaceuticals and other contaminants characteristic for human fecal contamination. The aim was to perform a screening of water samples to investigate the level of pollution with the mentioned compound groups. Samples were taken from upstream and downstream river water, lake water, a drinking water treatment plant and treated drinking water. The contaminants were extracted from water samples with two different solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Identification and quantification was achieved via separation with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) followed by positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to a high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Out of 17 analyzed contaminants, 9 could be detected in environmental samples of which 5 were detected in finished drinking water. None of the targeted pesticides were found in environmental samples or drinking water. The average method recovery was 51% and 39% depending on the extraction method. The limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.07 ng L-1 up to 74 ng L-1. Contaminant concentrations in environmental samples ranged from 0.55 ng L-1 to 40 ng L-1 and in drinking water from 0.22 ng L-1 to 8.0 ng L-1. Compounds detected were atenolol, benzoylecgonine, bezafibrate, caffeine, carbamazepine, co-tinine, diclofenac, metoprolol and nicotine. Compounds not detected were atrazine, cyanazine, isoproturon, ketoprofen, monensin, quinmerac and simazine. The results show that several of the target analytes were present in the environment and in drinking water at low but measurable concentrations, which shows that the drinking water treatment plant is not able to successfully remove the contaminants with conventional treatment techniques. A pilot plant with membrane technology is ineffective as well, except when coupled to granular activated carbon (GAC). Risk quotients were dete

Currently, municipalities in the Colombian Atlantic Coast do not have potable water supply. The implementation of the Tuna as a coagulant is a traditional practice in rural communities, but is used in craft way. In the present investigation, the characterization of the stalk of Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) growing in the wild in the Bolivar department, and of the powder extracted from this plant was realized with the purpose to identify components associated with its coagulant power to remove color and turbidity in raw water. The stalks of this plant were subjected to cutting, peeling, drying, grinding, sieving and depigment for obtaining the coagulant. The overall process yield was 65g of coagulant/kg of vegetal material. The results also indicated that the stalk of Tuna contains high moisture content and low amounts of saponins, flavonoids, minerals, calcium and iron. It allowed concluding that these metabolites and salts are not responsible of the coagulant power of plant due to the insignificant amounts in which they are present. Therefore, it is presumed that other chemical species such as polygalacturonic acid and alginic compounds are those that confer the quality to the biomaterial. Also, the coagulant power of extracted material was evaluated. The effect of three dosis on the color, turbidity and pH of trated water was analized. The results indicated that it has the capacity to remove 50% of color and 70% of turbity from crude water with high iniial turbidity. Also, it does not affect significantly its pH., Actualmente municipios de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana no cuentan con suministro de agua potable. La aplicación artesanal de la Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) como coagulante es una práctica tradicional en comunidades rurales. En esta investigación se realiza la caracterización del tallo de la Tuna que crece de manera silvestre en el departamento de Bolívar, y del polvo extraído de esta planta, con el fin de identificar componentes asociados a su poder coagulante para la remoción de turbidez y de color en aguas crudas. Las pencas de la planta se sometieron a operaciones de corte, pelado, secado, molienda, tamizado y despigmentado para obtener el coagulante. El rendimiento del proceso global fue de 65g de coagulante/Kg de material vegetal. Los resultados indicaron que la penca contiene alto porcentaje de humedad y pequeñas proporciones de saponinas, flavonoides, sales minerales de calcio y hierro; lo cual permitió concluir que estos metabolitos y sales no son los responsables de su poder coagulante debido a las cantidades poco significativas en las que se encuentran. Se consideró que otras especies química tales como el ácido poligalacturónico y compuestos algínicos son realmente los que le confieran la cualidad al biomaterial. También, se evaluó el poder coagulante del material extraído, se analizó el efecto de tres dosis sobre el color, la turbidez y el pH del agua tratada. Los resultados indicaron que tiene la capacidad de remover 50% del color y 70% de turbidez de aguas crudas con alta turbidez inicial, y que no altera significativamente su pH.

Currently, municipalities in the Colombian Atlantic Coast do not have potable water supply. The implementation of the Tuna as a coagulant is a traditional practice in rural communities, but is used in craft way. In the present investigation, the characterization of the stalk of Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) growing in the wild in the Bolivar department, and of the powder extracted from this plant was realized with the purpose to identify components associated with its coagulant power to remove color and turbidity in raw water. The stalks of this plant were subjected to cutting, peeling, drying, grinding, sieving and depigment for obtaining the coagulant. The overall process yield was 65g of coagulant/kg of vegetal material. The results also indicated that the stalk of Tuna contains high moisture content and low amounts of saponins, flavonoids, minerals, calcium and iron. It allowed concluding that these metabolites and salts are not responsible of the coagulant power of plant due to the insignificant amounts in which they are present. Therefore, it is presumed that other chemical species such as polygalacturonic acid and alginic compounds are those that confer the quality to the biomaterial. Also, the coagulant power of extracted material was evaluated. The effect of three dosis on the color, turbidity and pH of trated water was analized. The results indicated that it has the capacity to remove 50% of color and 70% of turbity from crude water with high iniial turbidity. Also, it does not affect significantly its pH., Actualmente municipios de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana no cuentan con suministro de agua potable. La aplicación artesanal de la Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) como coagulante es una práctica tradicional en comunidades rurales. En esta investigación se realiza la caracterización del tallo de la Tuna que crece de manera silvestre en el departamento de Bolívar, y del polvo extraído de esta planta, con el fin de identificar componentes asociados a su poder coagulante para la remoción de turbidez y de color en aguas crudas. Las pencas de la planta se sometieron a operaciones de corte, pelado, secado, molienda, tamizado y despigmentado para obtener el coagulante. El rendimiento del proceso global fue de 65g de coagulante/Kg de material vegetal. Los resultados indicaron que la penca contiene alto porcentaje de humedad y pequeñas proporciones de saponinas, flavonoides, sales minerales de calcio y hierro; lo cual permitió concluir que estos metabolitos y sales no son los responsables de su poder coagulante debido a las cantidades poco significativas en las que se encuentran. Se consideró que otras especies química tales como el ácido poligalacturónico y compuestos algínicos son realmente los que le confieran la cualidad al biomaterial. También, se evaluó el poder coagulante del material extraído, se analizó el efecto de tres dosis sobre el color, la turbidez y el pH del agua tratada. Los resultados indicaron que tiene la capacidad de remover 50% del color y 70% de turbidez de aguas crudas con alta turbidez inicial, y que no altera significativamente su pH.

Currently, municipalities in the Colombian Atlantic Coast do not have potable water supply. The implementation of the Tuna as a coagulant is a traditional practice in rural communities, but is used in craft way. In the present investigation, the characterization of the stalk of Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) growing in the wild in the Bolivar department, and of the powder extracted from this plant was realized with the purpose to identify components associated with its coagulant power to remove color and turbidity in raw water. The stalks of this plant were subjected to cutting, peeling, drying, grinding, sieving and depigment for obtaining the coagulant. The overall process yield was 65g of coagulant/kg of vegetal material. The results also indicated that the stalk of Tuna contains high moisture content and low amounts of saponins, flavonoids, minerals, calcium and iron. It allowed concluding that these metabolites and salts are not responsible of the coagulant power of plant due to the insignificant amounts in which they are present. Therefore, it is presumed that other chemical species such as polygalacturonic acid and alginic compounds are those that confer the quality to the biomaterial. Also, the coagulant power of extracted material was evaluated. The effect of three dosis on the color, turbidity and pH of trated water was analized. The results indicated that it has the capacity to remove 50% of color and 70% of turbity from crude water with high iniial turbidity. Also, it does not affect significantly its pH., Actualmente municipios de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana no cuentan con suministro de agua potable. La aplicación artesanal de la Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) como coagulante es una práctica tradicional en comunidades rurales. En esta investigación se realiza la caracterización del tallo de la Tuna que crece de manera silvestre en el departamento de Bolívar, y del polvo extraído de esta planta, con el fin de identificar componentes asociados a su poder coagulante para la remoción de turbidez y de color en aguas crudas. Las pencas de la planta se sometieron a operaciones de corte, pelado, secado, molienda, tamizado y despigmentado para obtener el coagulante. El rendimiento del proceso global fue de 65g de coagulante/Kg de material vegetal. Los resultados indicaron que la penca contiene alto porcentaje de humedad y pequeñas proporciones de saponinas, flavonoides, sales minerales de calcio y hierro; lo cual permitió concluir que estos metabolitos y sales no son los responsables de su poder coagulante debido a las cantidades poco significativas en las que se encuentran. Se consideró que otras especies química tales como el ácido poligalacturónico y compuestos algínicos son realmente los que le confieran la cualidad al biomaterial. También, se evaluó el poder coagulante del material extraído, se analizó el efecto de tres dosis sobre el color, la turbidez y el pH del agua tratada. Los resultados indicaron que tiene la capacidad de remover 50% del color y 70% de turbidez de aguas crudas con alta turbidez inicial, y que no altera significativamente su pH.

Currently, municipalities in the Colombian Atlantic Coast do not have potable water supply. The implementation of the Tuna as a coagulant is a traditional practice in rural communities, but is used in craft way. In the present investigation, the characterization of the stalk of Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) growing in the wild in the Bolivar department, and of the powder extracted from this plant was realized with the purpose to identify components associated with its coagulant power to remove color and turbidity in raw water. The stalks of this plant were subjected to cutting, peeling, drying, grinding, sieving and depigment for obtaining the coagulant. The overall process yield was 65g of coagulant/kg of vegetal material. The results also indicated that the stalk of Tuna contains high moisture content and low amounts of saponins, flavonoids, minerals, calcium and iron. It allowed concluding that these metabolites and salts are not responsible of the coagulant power of plant due to the insignificant amounts in which they are present. Therefore, it is presumed that other chemical species such as polygalacturonic acid and alginic compounds are those that confer the quality to the biomaterial. Also, the coagulant power of extracted material was evaluated. The effect of three dosis on the color, turbidity and pH of trated water was analized. The results indicated that it has the capacity to remove 50% of color and 70% of turbity from crude water with high iniial turbidity. Also, it does not affect significantly its pH., Actualmente municipios de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana no cuentan con suministro de agua potable. La aplicación artesanal de la Tuna (Opuntia ficus-indica) como coagulante es una práctica tradicional en comunidades rurales. En esta investigación se realiza la caracterización del tallo de la Tuna que crece de manera silvestre en el departamento de Bolívar, y del polvo extraído de esta planta, con el fin de identificar componentes asociados a su poder coagulante para la remoción de turbidez y de color en aguas crudas. Las pencas de la planta se sometieron a operaciones de corte, pelado, secado, molienda, tamizado y despigmentado para obtener el coagulante. El rendimiento del proceso global fue de 65g de coagulante/Kg de material vegetal. Los resultados indicaron que la penca contiene alto porcentaje de humedad y pequeñas proporciones de saponinas, flavonoides, sales minerales de calcio y hierro; lo cual permitió concluir que estos metabolitos y sales no son los responsables de su poder coagulante debido a las cantidades poco significativas en las que se encuentran. Se consideró que otras especies química tales como el ácido poligalacturónico y compuestos algínicos son realmente los que le confieran la cualidad al biomaterial. También, se evaluó el poder coagulante del material extraído, se analizó el efecto de tres dosis sobre el color, la turbidez y el pH del agua tratada. Los resultados indicaron que tiene la capacidad de remover 50% del color y 70% de turbidez de aguas crudas con alta turbidez inicial, y que no altera significativamente su pH.

Environmental phenomena cause a strong impact in the variation of the quality of sources for drinking water, demanding that potable water treatment processes respond to these changes and maintain quality standards in the production of safe drinking water. The historical analysis of river Cauca turbidity and behavior of clarified and filtrated water allowed evaluating the effect of increase in raw water turbidity over water treatment conventional processes of Puerto Mallarino plant at Cali (Colombia). It was determined that the high turbidity of the water of river affected the treatment efficiency and also the quality of treated water; filtration was the most vulnerable stage to these high turbidity events. A high linear correlation between maximum turbidity and chemical products dose (coagulant and disinfectant) was identified., Os fenômenos ambientais provocam forte impacto sobre a variação da qualidade da água de fontes de abastecimento, exigindo que os processos de potabilizacão respondam a tais variações e mantenham os standards de qualidade na produção de água segura. A análise histórica do comportamento da turbidez do rio Cauca e da água clarificada e tratada permitiu avaliar o efeito do incremento na turbidez da água crua sobre a eficiência dos processos convencionais de potabilizacão que se realizam na planta Porto Mallarino em Cali (Colômbia). Encontrou-se que dito fenômeno afetou a eficiência do tratamento e a qualidade da água tratada, sendo a filtração a etapa mais vulnerável. Identificou-se alta correlação linear entre a turbidez máxima da água crua e a dosagem de produtos químicos utilizados no tratamento da água (coagulante e desinfetante)., Los fenómenos ambientales provocan fuerte impacto sobre la variación de la calidad del agua de fuentes de abastecimiento, exigiendo que los procesos de potabilización respondan a tales variaciones y mantengan los estándares de calidad en la producción de agua segura. El análisis histórico del comportamiento de la turbiedad del río Cauca y del agua clarificada y tratada permitió evaluar el efecto del incremento en la turbiedad del agua cruda sobre la eficiencia de los procesos convencionales de potabilización que se realizan en la planta Puerto Mallarino en Cali (Colombia). Se encontró que dicho fenómeno afectó la eficiencia del tratamiento y la calidad del agua tratada, siendo la filtración la etapa más vulnerable. Se identificó alta correlación lineal entre la turbiedad máxima del agua cruda y la dosificación de productos químicos utilizados en el tratamiento del agua (coagulante y desinfectante).

Environmental phenomena cause a strong impact in the variation of the quality of sources for drinking water, demanding that potable water treatment processes respond to these changes and maintain quality standards in the production of safe drinking water. The historical analysis of river Cauca turbidity and behavior of clarified and filtrated water allowed evaluating the effect of increase in raw water turbidity over water treatment conventional processes of Puerto Mallarino plant at Cali (Colombia). It was determined that the high turbidity of the water of river affected the treatment efficiency and also the quality of treated water; filtration was the most vulnerable stage to these high turbidity events. A high linear correlation between maximum turbidity and chemical products dose (coagulant and disinfectant) was identified., Os fenômenos ambientais provocam forte impacto sobre a variação da qualidade da água de fontes de abastecimento, exigindo que os processos de potabilizacão respondam a tais variações e mantenham os standards de qualidade na produção de água segura. A análise histórica do comportamento da turbidez do rio Cauca e da água clarificada e tratada permitiu avaliar o efeito do incremento na turbidez da água crua sobre a eficiência dos processos convencionais de potabilizacão que se realizam na planta Porto Mallarino em Cali (Colômbia). Encontrou-se que dito fenômeno afetou a eficiência do tratamento e a qualidade da água tratada, sendo a filtração a etapa mais vulnerável. Identificou-se alta correlação linear entre a turbidez máxima da água crua e a dosagem de produtos químicos utilizados no tratamento da água (coagulante e desinfetante)., Los fenómenos ambientales provocan fuerte impacto sobre la variación de la calidad del agua de fuentes de abastecimiento, exigiendo que los procesos de potabilización respondan a tales variaciones y mantengan los estándares de calidad en la producción de agua segura. El análisis histórico del comportamiento de la turbiedad del río Cauca y del agua clarificada y tratada permitió evaluar el efecto del incremento en la turbiedad del agua cruda sobre la eficiencia de los procesos convencionales de potabilización que se realizan en la planta Puerto Mallarino en Cali (Colombia). Se encontró que dicho fenómeno afectó la eficiencia del tratamiento y la calidad del agua tratada, siendo la filtración la etapa más vulnerable. Se identificó alta correlación lineal entre la turbiedad máxima del agua cruda y la dosificación de productos químicos utilizados en el tratamiento del agua (coagulante y desinfectante).

The ozone absorption in raw water entering the main ozonization step at the Belgrade drinking water supply plant was investigated in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A slow chemical reaction rate of dissolved ozone and pollutants present in raw water have been experimentally determined. The modified Hatta number was defined and calculated as a criterion which determines whether and to which extent the reactions of ozone and pollutants influence the rate of the pure physical ozone absorption.

The river Göta Älv reaches between Vänern and Gothenburg and is the main raw water source for Gothenburg that supplies about 700 000 people with water. To protect and maintain a high water quality, continuously samples and water analyses are made throughout the river. In 1998 a protection area was founded between surte and Lärjeholm where the raw water intake is. This was made to increase the awareness of the importance to protect the water. However, there is a lot of contribution of untreated stormwater to Göta Älv within the protection area. Göteborg Water and Sewage Works commissioned this thesis where two areas, Tagene industrial area and Kärra residential area, with untreated stormwater outlets within the protection area are studied. The areas have been divided according to surface composition with different rates of pollutant contribution. Then the stormwater flow and the contribution of pollutants was simulated with the model SEWSYS. The future aim is that the model will be able to simulate the contribution of pollutants for a variety of rains, for the whole protection area. SEWSYS (Sewer System) is built in MATLAB/Simulink and consists of three modules, a stormwater module, a sanitary wastewater module and a treatment plant module. This project only includes the stormwater module. The model simulates the stormwater flow and the pollutants total phosphorous, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Samples and analysis for the two areas has been carried out for another thesis work during the same period. The results from those analyses have been used for the model settings for the areas. Simulations have been performed to adjust the model and evaluate its ability to describe the stormwater flow and the pollutant contribution within the areas. The amount of stormwater and the runoff are well simulated by the model. However, the measured and analysed data has not been enough to get reliable simulations over the pol, Göta Älv sträcker sig från Vänern ner till Göteborg och är Göteborgs huvudsakliga råvattentäkt som försörjer ca 700 000 personer med vatten dagligen. För att säkra råvattenkvaliteten görs kontinuerliga provtagningar utmed älven. Dessutom beslutade Länsstyrelsen 1998 om ett skyddsområde med skyddsföreskrifter för avrinningsområdet mellan Surte i norr till vattenintaget vid Lärjeholm i söder. Ett mål med skyddsområdet är att det ska öka medvetenheten hos boende och de som är verksamma inom området om behovet att värna om vårt vatten. Dock leds det på flera ställen ut orenat dagvatten till älven inom skyddsområdet. Examensarbetet är ett uppdrag av Göteborgs Va-verk där två områden med orenade dagvattenutsläpp till Göta Älv studeras, Tagene industriområde samt Kärra bostadsområde. Dessa områden har karterats och dagvattenflödet samt föroreningsbelastningen från dagvattnet har simulerats med modellen SEWSYS. Målet på lång sikt är att modellen ska kunna användas för att simulera föroreningsbelastningen vid olika regn för hela skyddsområdet. Modellen SEWSYS (Sewer System) är uppbyggd i MATLAB/Simulink och bygger på tre moduler, en dagvattenmodul, en spillvattenmodul och en reningsverksmodul. För detta projekt har endast delen för dagvatten använts. Modellen simulerar dagvattenflödet och behandlar föroreningarna totalfosfor, totalkväve, koppar, zink, bly, kadmium samt polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH). I ett examensarbete parallellt med detta har provtagning och analyser av föroreningar för de båda områdena ägt rum och dessa värden ligger till grund för inställningen av modellen. Simuleringar har utförts för att anpassa modellen samt utvärdera dess förmåga att beskriva dagvattenflödet och föroreningsbelastningen inom de aktuella områdena. Simuleringarna visar att avrinningen och dagvattenflödet simuleras bra av modellen. Det har dock visat sig att de gjorda mätningarna inte har varit tillräckliga som underlag för att få en tillförlitlig beskrivning av föroreningsbelast

The river Göta Älv reaches between Vänern and Gothenburg and is the main raw water source for Gothenburg that supplies about 700 000 people with water. To protect and maintain a high water quality, continuously samples and water analyses are made throughout the river. In 1998 a protection area was founded between surte and Lärjeholm where the raw water intake is. This was made to increase the awareness of the importance to protect the water. However, there is a lot of contribution of untreated stormwater to Göta Älv within the protection area. Göteborg Water and Sewage Works commissioned this thesis where two areas, Tagene industrial area and Kärra residential area, with untreated stormwater outlets within the protection area are studied. The areas have been divided according to surface composition with different rates of pollutant contribution. Then the stormwater flow and the contribution of pollutants was simulated with the model SEWSYS. The future aim is that the model will be able to simulate the contribution of pollutants for a variety of rains, for the whole protection area. SEWSYS (Sewer System) is built in MATLAB/Simulink and consists of three modules, a stormwater module, a sanitary wastewater module and a treatment plant module. This project only includes the stormwater module. The model simulates the stormwater flow and the pollutants total phosphorous, total nitrogen, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Samples and analysis for the two areas has been carried out for another thesis work during the same period. The results from those analyses have been used for the model settings for the areas. Simulations have been performed to adjust the model and evaluate its ability to describe the stormwater flow and the pollutant contribution within the areas. The amount of stormwater and the runoff are well simulated by the model. However, the measured and analysed data has not been enough to get reliable simulations over the pol, Göta Älv sträcker sig från Vänern ner till Göteborg och är Göteborgs huvudsakliga råvattentäkt som försörjer ca 700 000 personer med vatten dagligen. För att säkra råvattenkvaliteten görs kontinuerliga provtagningar utmed älven. Dessutom beslutade Länsstyrelsen 1998 om ett skyddsområde med skyddsföreskrifter för avrinningsområdet mellan Surte i norr till vattenintaget vid Lärjeholm i söder. Ett mål med skyddsområdet är att det ska öka medvetenheten hos boende och de som är verksamma inom området om behovet att värna om vårt vatten. Dock leds det på flera ställen ut orenat dagvatten till älven inom skyddsområdet. Examensarbetet är ett uppdrag av Göteborgs Va-verk där två områden med orenade dagvattenutsläpp till Göta Älv studeras, Tagene industriområde samt Kärra bostadsområde. Dessa områden har karterats och dagvattenflödet samt föroreningsbelastningen från dagvattnet har simulerats med modellen SEWSYS. Målet på lång sikt är att modellen ska kunna användas för att simulera föroreningsbelastningen vid olika regn för hela skyddsområdet. Modellen SEWSYS (Sewer System) är uppbyggd i MATLAB/Simulink och bygger på tre moduler, en dagvattenmodul, en spillvattenmodul och en reningsverksmodul. För detta projekt har endast delen för dagvatten använts. Modellen simulerar dagvattenflödet och behandlar föroreningarna totalfosfor, totalkväve, koppar, zink, bly, kadmium samt polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH). I ett examensarbete parallellt med detta har provtagning och analyser av föroreningar för de båda områdena ägt rum och dessa värden ligger till grund för inställningen av modellen. Simuleringar har utförts för att anpassa modellen samt utvärdera dess förmåga att beskriva dagvattenflödet och föroreningsbelastningen inom de aktuella områdena. Simuleringarna visar att avrinningen och dagvattenflödet simuleras bra av modellen. Det har dock visat sig att de gjorda mätningarna inte har varit tillräckliga som underlag för att få en tillförlitlig beskrivning av föroreningsbelast

Cílem diplomové práce ‚‚Úprava čerpací stanice a výtlačného řadu surové vody do lokality JETE pro zvažované příklady výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů‘‘ je zhodnotit schopnost stávající čerpací stanice Hněvkovice dostatečně zásobovat surovou vodou Jadernou elektrárnu Temelín v případě výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů a případně navrhnou vhodné úpravy čerpacího systému pro navýšení dodávek nad možnosti současné koncepce., The task of the diploma thesis ‚‚Adjustment of the pumping station and delivery pipeline of the raw water to location of JETE for considered building up of new nuclear sources‘‘ is to figure out a capability of the pumping station Hněvkovice to draw a sufficient capacity of a raw water to the Temelín nuclear power plant. In case of necessity, it designs useful adjustment of a pumping station and deliver pipeline for increasing the raw water delivery rate.

Cílem diplomové práce ‚‚Úprava čerpací stanice a výtlačného řadu surové vody do lokality JETE pro zvažované příklady výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů‘‘ je zhodnotit schopnost stávající čerpací stanice Hněvkovice dostatečně zásobovat surovou vodou Jadernou elektrárnu Temelín v případě výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů a případně navrhnou vhodné úpravy čerpacího systému pro navýšení dodávek nad možnosti současné koncepce., The task of the diploma thesis ‚‚Adjustment of the pumping station and delivery pipeline of the raw water to location of JETE for considered building up of new nuclear sources‘‘ is to figure out a capability of the pumping station Hněvkovice to draw a sufficient capacity of a raw water to the Temelín nuclear power plant. In case of necessity, it designs useful adjustment of a pumping station and deliver pipeline for increasing the raw water delivery rate.

Cílem diplomové práce ‚‚Úprava čerpací stanice a výtlačného řadu surové vody do lokality JETE pro zvažované příklady výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů‘‘ je zhodnotit schopnost stávající čerpací stanice Hněvkovice dostatečně zásobovat surovou vodou Jadernou elektrárnu Temelín v případě výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů a případně navrhnou vhodné úpravy čerpacího systému pro navýšení dodávek nad možnosti současné koncepce., The task of the diploma thesis ‚‚Adjustment of the pumping station and delivery pipeline of the raw water to location of JETE for considered building up of new nuclear sources‘‘ is to figure out a capability of the pumping station Hněvkovice to draw a sufficient capacity of a raw water to the Temelín nuclear power plant. In case of necessity, it designs useful adjustment of a pumping station and deliver pipeline for increasing the raw water delivery rate.

Cílem diplomové práce ‚‚Úprava čerpací stanice a výtlačného řadu surové vody do lokality JETE pro zvažované příklady výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů‘‘ je zhodnotit schopnost stávající čerpací stanice Hněvkovice dostatečně zásobovat surovou vodou Jadernou elektrárnu Temelín v případě výstavby nových jaderných zdrojů a případně navrhnou vhodné úpravy čerpacího systému pro navýšení dodávek nad možnosti současné koncepce., The task of the diploma thesis ‚‚Adjustment of the pumping station and delivery pipeline of the raw water to location of JETE for considered building up of new nuclear sources‘‘ is to figure out a capability of the pumping station Hněvkovice to draw a sufficient capacity of a raw water to the Temelín nuclear power plant. In case of necessity, it designs useful adjustment of a pumping station and deliver pipeline for increasing the raw water delivery rate.

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá sledováním účinnosti technologie úpravny vody Hosov na kvalitu pitné vody, kde byla provedena analýza obdržených dat s následným výpočtem účinnosti pro technologickou linku ÚV Hosov v zájmových obdobích. Teoretická část je zpracována formou rešerše ohledně potřebných znalostí a souvislostí (zdroje, legislativní limity, technologické procesy úpravy) v kontrastu s úpravou vody. V praktické části byly zvoleny dvě zájmové období. První ucelené časové období od začátku roku 2020 do konce roku 2022 a druhé časové období, kde byly zvoleny roky 2012, 2019 a 2022 skrz delší časový interval. Pro daná zájmová období bylo sledováno 6 ukazatelů (barva, zákal, dusitany, CHSKMn, železo a mangan). Sledování koncentrace ukazatelů v surové vodě ve zvolených obdobích umožnilo posouzení změny kvality zdrojů v průběhu let. Koncentrace ukazatelů v surové vodě a poté již v upravené vodě sloužily pro výpočet a vyhodnocení celkové účinnosti technologické linky ÚV Hosov., This bachelor thesis deals with the monitoring of the effectiveness of the Hosov water treatment plant technology on the quality of drinking water, where an analysis of the received data was performed with a subsequent calculation of the efficiency for the technological line of the Hosov WTP in the periods of interest. The theoretical part is processed in the form of research regarding the necessary knowledge and context (resources, legislative limits, technological treatment processes) in contrast to water treatment. In the practical part, two periods of interest were chosen. The first comprehensive time period from the beginning of 2020 to the end of 2022 and the second time period, where the years 2012, 2019 and 2022 were chosen through a longer time interval. For the periods of interest, 6 indicators were monitored (color, turbidity, nitrites, CHSKMn, iron and manganese). Monitoring the concentration of indicators in raw water in selected periods enabled the assessment of changes in the quality of resources over the years. Concentrations of indicators in raw water and then in treated water were used to calculate and evaluate the overal efficiency of the technological line of Hosov WTP.