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This study aims to evaluate and understand the sensory sensitivities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), identify the challenges faced by their parents, assess the adequacy of current support services, and determine the specific needs of parents for additional guidance and support When a child has sensory sensitivity, it can have a big influence on their everyday life. It can change their comfort level, conduct, and capacity to do normal tasks. These sensitivity might make it difficult to handle day-to-day situations, which can have an impact on growth and general well-being. A quantitative survey design was employed with 125 parents (92 mothers, 33 fathers). Data were collected using a demographic information form and the need assessment Scale. Parents of children with ASD report moderate to high levels of sensory sensitivity, with average scores ranging from 1.98 to 2.32. They have low confidence in present management strategies, scoring between 1.38 and 1.69. They emphasize the need for a new intervention package and express a strong desire for it to be available in Urdu, with mean scores of 2.92 and 2.97, respectively. To effectively treat sensory sensitivity in children with ASD, the government should create user-friendly workshops and manuals, broaden access to professional counsel, and implement bilingual support packages.

This study aims to evaluate and understand the sensory sensitivities in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), identify the challenges faced by their parents, assess the adequacy of current support services, and determine the specific needs of parents for additional guidance and support When a child has sensory sensitivity, it can have a big influence on their everyday life. It can change their comfort level, conduct, and capacity to do normal tasks. These sensitivity might make it difficult to handle day-to-day situations, which can have an impact on growth and general well-being. A quantitative survey design was employed with 125 parents (92 mothers, 33 fathers). Data were collected using a demographic information form and the need assessment Scale. Parents of children with ASD report moderate to high levels of sensory sensitivity, with average scores ranging from 1.98 to 2.32. They have low confidence in present management strategies, scoring between 1.38 and 1.69. They emphasize the need for a new intervention package and express a strong desire for it to be available in Urdu, with mean scores of 2.92 and 2.97, respectively. To effectively treat sensory sensitivity in children with ASD, the government should create user-friendly workshops and manuals, broaden access to professional counsel, and implement bilingual support packages.

This study aimed to explore the parenting styles of deaf and hearing parents of children with normal hearing. Parenting significantly influences social adjustment, emotional stability, academic achievement and psychosocial wellbeing of a child. A qualitative, descriptive research design was used. Deaf and hearing parents of children with normal hearing residing in Punjab were population of the study. 208 parents out of which 104 deaf parents (79 deaf mothers, 25 deaf fathers), 104 hearing parents (79 mothers, 25 fathers) were selected by convenient sampling technique. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess parenting style. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis. The results indicated that despite certain similarities in parenting styles of hearing and deaf parents, significant differences are also found in their parenting. It is recommended that counseling should be provided to deaf parents, whereas impact of parenting styles should be publicize for all parent through media.

This study aimed to explore the parenting styles of deaf and hearing parents of children with normal hearing. Parenting significantly influences social adjustment, emotional stability, academic achievement and psychosocial wellbeing of a child. A qualitative, descriptive research design was used. Deaf and hearing parents of children with normal hearing residing in Punjab were population of the study. 208 parents out of which 104 deaf parents (79 deaf mothers, 25 deaf fathers), 104 hearing parents (79 mothers, 25 fathers) were selected by convenient sampling technique. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess parenting style. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were used for data analysis. The results indicated that despite certain similarities in parenting styles of hearing and deaf parents, significant differences are also found in their parenting. It is recommended that counseling should be provided to deaf parents, whereas impact of parenting styles should be publicize for all parent through media.

This study proposes a framework for transforming online education for professional development based on prospective teachers' opinions of distance education. One hundred fifty students from Allama Iqbal Open University (Distance Education), from rural and urban areas, were randomly chosen to collect data on several aspects of teachers' professional development, including workshop efficacy, curriculum, evaluation methods, and information and communication technology (ICTs). The data were acquired using a self-developed instrument that was pilot tested. After collection, data were analyzed using means and t-tests. The study found that while AIOU's teacher education programs fulfill the demands of distant students, they do not support prospective teachers' ongoing professional growth. The curriculum of teacher education courses does not completely develop students' creative and professional qualities. There is a lack of balance between theory and practice. The use of ICT in teacher education is not up to standard. The AIOU's teacher education programs also require additional attention to prepare future teachers in remote areas. Distance Education Programs for teachers' CPD requires a lot of focus and excellent tactics. The researchers presented a mechanism to alter distance education for instructors' CPD.

This study proposes a framework for transforming online education for professional development based on prospective teachers' opinions of distance education. One hundred fifty students from Allama Iqbal Open University (Distance Education), from rural and urban areas, were randomly chosen to collect data on several aspects of teachers' professional development, including workshop efficacy, curriculum, evaluation methods, and information and communication technology (ICTs). The data were acquired using a self-developed instrument that was pilot tested. After collection, data were analyzed using means and t-tests. The study found that while AIOU's teacher education programs fulfill the demands of distant students, they do not support prospective teachers' ongoing professional growth. The curriculum of teacher education courses does not completely develop students' creative and professional qualities. There is a lack of balance between theory and practice. The use of ICT in teacher education is not up to standard. The AIOU's teacher education programs also require additional attention to prepare future teachers in remote areas. Distance Education Programs for teachers' CPD requires a lot of focus and excellent tactics. The researchers presented a mechanism to alter distance education for instructors' CPD.

This study proposes a framework for transforming online education for professional development based on prospective teachers' opinions of distance education. One hundred fifty students from Allama Iqbal Open University (Distance Education), from rural and urban areas, were randomly chosen to collect data on several aspects of teachers' professional development, including workshop efficacy, curriculum, evaluation methods, and information and communication technology (ICTs). The data were acquired using a self-developed instrument that was pilot tested. After collection, data were analyzed using means and t-tests. The study found that while AIOU's teacher education programs fulfill the demands of distant students, they do not support prospective teachers' ongoing professional growth. The curriculum of teacher education courses does not completely develop students' creative and professional qualities. There is a lack of balance between theory and practice. The use of ICT in teacher education is not up to standard. The AIOU's teacher education programs also require additional attention to prepare future teachers in remote areas. Distance Education Programs for teachers' CPD requires a lot of focus and excellent tactics. The researchers presented a mechanism to alter distance education for instructors' CPD.

Pedagogy refers to the dynamic relationship between learning, teaching and culture. Pedagogical understanding of teaching methodology certainly helps in yielding the desired outcomes because successful teaching is much more than merely delivering the curriculum or the course. The present study was aimed to examine and analyze pedagogical understanding of the teachers about teaching methods. The sample of the study consisted of 200 teachers out of which 100 teachers were serving in special education institutes and 100 in general education institutes of Lahore city. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. The perceptions of selected teachers were compared with respect to the subjects taught in class 5 like English, Urdu, Math, Science, social studies and Islamiat. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data on pedagogical understanding of general and special education teachers. Questionnaire comprised of 40 items. Reliability of questionnaire was .804. Data was collected by researchers by visiting different institutions. Data was analyzed and run mean values for each of the subject against different preferred methods used by general and special education teachers. Comparison was also made to investigate the pedagogical understanding of general and special education teachers about teaching methods. It was concluded that teachers need some more clear understanding about appropriateness of each of teaching method for different subjects particularly while teaching in inclusive setup when and where needed. If ignored may create a new challenge for the smooth running of inclusive setup. Recommendations were drawn on the basis of results.

Children with disabilities are given equal rights for information accessibility as mentioned in the Convention on the Rights of Person with Disability. The study aimed to explore the actual role of information communication technologies in imparting information to students with visual impairment. For this the data was collected from 41 male and female students with visual impairment using android mobiles, computer/laptop or using internet facilities at libraries of their academic institutions. It involves quantitative data gathering techniques following snowball sampling procedure. Findings indicates that:(a) mobile has been identified as a best source to access information to enhance literacy among students (females) with visual impairment followed by Laptop/Desktop Computer and web browsing respectively (b) girls are using information communication technologies more effectively for their digital literacy as compared to male students with visual impairment and c) girls are facing more constraints in accessing information as compared to male students with visual impairment. The effort made by this study is helpful to develop awareness among the stake holders of the field and particularly to sensitize the heads of teaching institutions and government to enhance the provision of more computer labs with internet browsing services to enhance digital literacy among students with visual impairment.Key words: Information, accessibility, Information Communication Technology, visual impairment