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Introduction: Debriefings give healthcare workers voice through the opportunity to discuss unanticipated or difficult events and recommend changes. The typical goal of routine debriefings has been to improve clinical outcomes by learning through discussion and reflection of events and then transferring that learning into clinical practice. However, little research has investigated the effects of debriefings on the emotional experiences and well-being of healthcare workers. There is some evidence that debriefings are a multi-faceted and cost-effective intervention for minimising negative health outcomes, but their use is inconsistent and they are infrequently adopted with the specific intention of giving healthcare workers a voice. The purpose of this systematic scoping review is therefore to assess the scope of existing evidence on debriefing practices for the well-being and emotional outcomes of healthcare workers. Methods: Following screening, 184 papers were synthesised through keyword mapping and exploratory trend identification. Results: The body of evidence reviewed were clustered geographically, but diverse on many other criteria of interest including the types of evidence produced, debriefing models and practices, and outcomes captured. Discussion: The current review provides a clear map of our existing understanding and highlights the need for more systematic, collaborative and rigorous bodies of evidence to determine the potential of debriefing to support the emotional outcomes of those working within healthcare. Systematic Review Registration: https://osf.io/za6rj.

Introduction: Debriefings give healthcare workers voice through the opportunity to discuss unanticipated or difficult events and recommend changes. The typical goal of routine debriefings has been to improve clinical outcomes by learning through discussion and reflection of events and then transferring that learning into clinical practice. However, little research has investigated the effects of debriefings on the emotional experiences and well-being of healthcare workers. There is some evidence that debriefings are a multi-faceted and cost-effective intervention for minimising negative health outcomes, but their use is inconsistent and they are infrequently adopted with the specific intention of giving healthcare workers a voice. The purpose of this systematic scoping review is therefore to assess the scope of existing evidence on debriefing practices for the well-being and emotional outcomes of healthcare workers. Methods: Following screening, 184 papers were synthesised through keyword mapping and exploratory trend identification. Results: The body of evidence reviewed were clustered geographically, but diverse on many other criteria of interest including the types of evidence produced, debriefing models and practices, and outcomes captured. Discussion: The current review provides a clear map of our existing understanding and highlights the need for more systematic, collaborative and rigorous bodies of evidence to determine the potential of debriefing to support the emotional outcomes of those working within healthcare. Systematic Review Registration: https://osf.io/za6rj.

A communications link between a submarine and a torpedo secure within a launch tube flooded with seawater. A transmit/receive light beam pair propagating through the water provides the high bandwidth data channels between the tube wall and the adjacent torpedo hull for two-way communication., Supersedes PAT-APPL-665 586-84.

Bishop Francis Quinn was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Diocese of Sacramento. He encouraged women to participate and lead in parish governance, educational, liturgical, financial and social ministries. He also participated in political activism, from supporting an AIDS hospice and nuclear disarmament to protesting against the death penalty. In this oral history, Bishop Francis Quinn talks about his life in the church, and how the church reacted to such events as the Civil Rights Movement and Vietnam War. Additional Descriptive Notes: Multiple date ranges: Tape 1 (TC 409): 1993-01-12; Tape 2 (TC 409A): 1993-01-21; Tape 3 (TC 409B): 1993-01-26, California Revealed

BACKGROUND: Calcium (Ca) has a central role in the mechanical and electrical properties of cardiac myocytes. This thesis examines cellular Ca handling in a rabbit infarct model of heart failure (8 weeks after coronary artery ligation), which exhibits left ventricular dysfunction (LVD), pulmonary and hepatic congestion and a propensity to arrhythmias. AIMS: The main aims of this thesis were (i) to determine the properties of Ca handling in single cells from different transmural regions in sham-operated (Sham) and postinfarction animals, and (ii) to identify the underlying mechanisms behind any differences seen. METHODS: Voltage clamp studies were performed at 37 °C on enzymatically-isolated single cells from the sub-endocardium (Endo) and sub-epicardium (Epi), loaded with the Ca indicator Fura-2. Baseline Ca transient characteristics were determined at different stimulation frequencies. Sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX) activity was estimated from the rate constant (RC) of Ca decay during 10 mmol/L caffeine application. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA) function was estimated from the RC of Ca decay after brief caffeine application in the presence of 10 mmol/L Ni. SR Ca content was calculated from the integral of the NCX current induced by caffeine application, and further analysis was used to quantify Ca buffering. These measures were each performed at steady state and were corrected for non-NCX Ca removal mechanisms. NCX current density was measured as the Ni-sensitive current in response to a ramp protocol, with major interfering currents blocked and intracellular [Ca] buffered to ~250 nmol/L. Allosteric regulation of NCX was studied by examining the outward NCX current through a range of [Ca], using a voltage step protocol. Finally, integrative analysis was used to determine Ca fluxes during systole and diastole, and separate protocols were used to perturb excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling to give further insights into cellular Ca handling. RESULTS