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Project prioritization is a complex challenge in the face of multiple quantitative and qualitative variables, becoming even more difficult when there is a large volume of projects to be evaluated and ranked. This technical report proposes a procedure for prioritizing projects aimed at outsourcing production for a large Brazilian chemical industry. The selected method for prioritization is the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which enables the establishment of a ranking based on criteria defined by experts. For this case study, an exploratory approach was adopted, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, thus allowing the production of this technical report. The obtained results confirmed the effectiveness of AHP, facilitating the agile development and updating of the ranking, avoiding rework, and providing clarity on project selection based on future company strategies. This approach, grounded in clear criteria, previously selected by experts, strengthened the understanding and engagement of the entire organization, A priorização de projetos é um desafio complexo diante de múltiplas variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas, tornando-se ainda mais difícil quando há um grande volume de projetos a serem avaliados e hierarquizados. Este relato técnico propõe um procedimentoque permita a priorização de projetos destinados à produção em um terceiro em uma empresa de grande porte da indústria química brasileira. O método escolhido para a priorização foi o Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), que permite a formação de um ranking baseado em critérios estabelecidos por especialistas. Para tanto, foi construído um estudo de caso, que adotou uma abordagem exploratória que combina métodos qualitativos e quantitativos, permitindo assim a produção desse relato técnico. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a eficácia do AHP, facilitando a elaboração e atualização ágil do ranking, evitando retrabalho e fornecendo clareza sobre a seleção dos projetos com base nas estratégias futuras da empresa. Essa abordagem fundamentada em critérios claros, previamente selecionados por especialistas, fortaleceu o entendimento e o engajamento de toda a organização

The focus of strategy research has long revolved around strategy formulation rather thanstrategy implementation, despite the evidence indicating that intended strategies are rarelyachieved. Project portfolio management, PPM, assumes a crucial role in enabling strategyimplementation and can be regarded as a representation of the organization's actual pursuedstrategy. Existing research on PPM has predominantly centered around portfolios in the contextof new product development, NPD, and research and development, R&D. However, there hasbeen relatively less exploration of PPM within internal development departments, warrantingfurther investigation. To contribute to the understanding on strategy implementation throughPPM and its conditional factors, this qualitative case study expands the existing research bystudying the PPM process within an internal development department. The study wasconducted at the Business Improvement department, which oversees improvement projects forthe service branch of EnergyComp, a company specializing in the development of complexenergy solutions. Using an abductive research approach, a literature review was conducted inparallel with data collection and analysis. The empirical data was mainly collected throughsemi-structured interviews at the company, but also through meetings and companydocumentation. The results of the study show that PPM actions connected to projects, portfolio and resourceallocation are undertaken to effectively implement the organization's strategy within theinternal development department. Common to all areas is the importance of accurate andavailable information that effects the decisions connected to strategy implementation. On aproject level, Insufficient information poses challenges in accurately assessing project success,resulting in measurements that fail to cover all strategic objectives. In the context of theportfolio, the absence of project information and uncertainties can lead to a misalignmentbetween th

Corporate strategies have a low success rate and strategic objectives are frequently not met. To gain insight into this phenomenon, this research explores the process of generating and implementing strategy through CAPEX projects within the mature Swedish process industry. By the use of the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven professionals from five different industries matching the description of a process industry. The results suggest that the concentration and capital intensiveness of the process industry in Sweden calls for an emphasis on asset management, production, and product portfolios with objectives primarily being sustainability or growth related. Examples of sustainability objectives are emissions, carbon footprint, raw materials and safety, whereas growth related objectives often refer to finding the firms position in the market, reaching economies of scope and scale, and optimizing the product portfolio regionally. A crucial tool for implementing strategy is project selection, the results suggest that a mix of two approaches (bottom-up and the bucket model) is often used. This combined approach is just briefly mentioned in literature, however, in this research it has been referred to as “empty bucket model” in this research due to similarities with the bucket model. Further research recommendations include conducting surveys based on identified themes or diving deeper into particular areas such as recent agility improvements.

Asset management within the nuclear industry has become an increasingly relevant topic as safety requirements have tightened and energy security has become more important. Asset management ensures performance and reliability in a nuclear facility by balancing costs, opportunities, and risks to get the most out of assets. Asset management processes can often be modeled as capital budgeting problems, where investments are evaluated based on costs and benefits, which establishes a link to mathematical optimization. This study addresses asset management at the Swedish nuclear power plant, Forsmark, and aims to implement an optimization model to improve the project selection related to maintenance and replacement of assets at the plant. First, the most relevant areas of nuclear asset management are identified through a comprehensive literature review. The most relevant method, identified as a mix between risk-informed asset management and capital budgeting, is then implemented to fit the prerequisites at Forsmark. Several models of different complexity are developed and the resulting stochastic model incorporates uncertainty of input variables by assuming underlying distributions. Finally, a methodology to incorporate a quantitative risk measure in the optimization is suggested through the use of conditional value at risk. Results are generated based on simulated data and illustrate the potential of implementing the method at Forsmark., Tillgångsförvaltning inom kärnkraftsindustrin har blivit alltmer aktuellt i takt med att säkerhetskraven har skärpts och tillförlitlighet i energiproduktionen blivit viktigare. Effektiv tillgångshantering säkerställer prestanda och reliabilitet i ett kärnkraftverk genom att hitta en balans mellan kostnader, möjligheter och risker för att maximera nyttan av tillgångar. Projekturval i tillgångsförvaltningen kan ofta modelleras som ett kapitalbudgeteringsproblem, där investeringar utvärderas utifrån kostnader och uppsida, vilket påvisar en koppling till matematisk optimering. Denna studie behandlar tillgångshantering vid det svenska kärnkraftverket Forsmark och syftar till att implementera en optimeringsmodell för att förbättra projekturvalet relaterat till underhåll av tillgångar vid anläggningen. Det första steget i studien bearbetar den befintliga litteraturen inom området för att få en uppfattning av relevanta metoder. Den mest relevanta metoden identifierades som en mix mellan riskinformerad tillgångsförvaltning och kapitalbudgetering. En metod baserad på de generella principerna för dessa områden utvecklades och anpassades för de specifika förutsättningarna på Forsmark. Flera modeller av olika komplexitet utvecklades och den slutgiltiga stokastiska modellen inkorporerar osäkerhet i de mest relevanta ingångsvariablerna genom att anta sannolikhetsfördelningar. Slutligen föreslås en metod för att implementera ett kvantitativt riskmått i optimeringen genom att använda CVaR. Resultaten genereras utifrån simulerade data och illustrerar potentialen i att implementera metoden på Forsmark.

The focus of strategy research has long revolved around strategy formulation rather thanstrategy implementation, despite the evidence indicating that intended strategies are rarelyachieved. Project portfolio management, PPM, assumes a crucial role in enabling strategyimplementation and can be regarded as a representation of the organization's actual pursuedstrategy. Existing research on PPM has predominantly centered around portfolios in the contextof new product development, NPD, and research and development, R&D. However, there hasbeen relatively less exploration of PPM within internal development departments, warrantingfurther investigation. To contribute to the understanding on strategy implementation throughPPM and its conditional factors, this qualitative case study expands the existing research bystudying the PPM process within an internal development department. The study wasconducted at the Business Improvement department, which oversees improvement projects forthe service branch of EnergyComp, a company specializing in the development of complexenergy solutions. Using an abductive research approach, a literature review was conducted inparallel with data collection and analysis. The empirical data was mainly collected throughsemi-structured interviews at the company, but also through meetings and companydocumentation. The results of the study show that PPM actions connected to projects, portfolio and resourceallocation are undertaken to effectively implement the organization's strategy within theinternal development department. Common to all areas is the importance of accurate andavailable information that effects the decisions connected to strategy implementation. On aproject level, Insufficient information poses challenges in accurately assessing project success,resulting in measurements that fail to cover all strategic objectives. In the context of theportfolio, the absence of project information and uncertainties can lead to a misalignmentbetween th

Corporate strategies have a low success rate and strategic objectives are frequently not met. To gain insight into this phenomenon, this research explores the process of generating and implementing strategy through CAPEX projects within the mature Swedish process industry. By the use of the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven professionals from five different industries matching the description of a process industry. The results suggest that the concentration and capital intensiveness of the process industry in Sweden calls for an emphasis on asset management, production, and product portfolios with objectives primarily being sustainability or growth related. Examples of sustainability objectives are emissions, carbon footprint, raw materials and safety, whereas growth related objectives often refer to finding the firms position in the market, reaching economies of scope and scale, and optimizing the product portfolio regionally. A crucial tool for implementing strategy is project selection, the results suggest that a mix of two approaches (bottom-up and the bucket model) is often used. This combined approach is just briefly mentioned in literature, however, in this research it has been referred to as “empty bucket model” in this research due to similarities with the bucket model. Further research recommendations include conducting surveys based on identified themes or diving deeper into particular areas such as recent agility improvements.

Corporate strategies have a low success rate and strategic objectives are frequently not met. To gain insight into this phenomenon, this research explores the process of generating and implementing strategy through CAPEX projects within the mature Swedish process industry. By the use of the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven professionals from five different industries matching the description of a process industry. The results suggest that the concentration and capital intensiveness of the process industry in Sweden calls for an emphasis on asset management, production, and product portfolios with objectives primarily being sustainability or growth related. Examples of sustainability objectives are emissions, carbon footprint, raw materials and safety, whereas growth related objectives often refer to finding the firms position in the market, reaching economies of scope and scale, and optimizing the product portfolio regionally. A crucial tool for implementing strategy is project selection, the results suggest that a mix of two approaches (bottom-up and the bucket model) is often used. This combined approach is just briefly mentioned in literature, however, in this research it has been referred to as “empty bucket model” in this research due to similarities with the bucket model. Further research recommendations include conducting surveys based on identified themes or diving deeper into particular areas such as recent agility improvements.

Corporate strategies have a low success rate and strategic objectives are frequently not met. To gain insight into this phenomenon, this research explores the process of generating and implementing strategy through CAPEX projects within the mature Swedish process industry. By the use of the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven professionals from five different industries matching the description of a process industry. The results suggest that the concentration and capital intensiveness of the process industry in Sweden calls for an emphasis on asset management, production, and product portfolios with objectives primarily being sustainability or growth related. Examples of sustainability objectives are emissions, carbon footprint, raw materials and safety, whereas growth related objectives often refer to finding the firms position in the market, reaching economies of scope and scale, and optimizing the product portfolio regionally. A crucial tool for implementing strategy is project selection, the results suggest that a mix of two approaches (bottom-up and the bucket model) is often used. This combined approach is just briefly mentioned in literature, however, in this research it has been referred to as “empty bucket model” in this research due to similarities with the bucket model. Further research recommendations include conducting surveys based on identified themes or diving deeper into particular areas such as recent agility improvements.

Corporate strategies have a low success rate and strategic objectives are frequently not met. To gain insight into this phenomenon, this research explores the process of generating and implementing strategy through CAPEX projects within the mature Swedish process industry. By the use of the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven professionals from five different industries matching the description of a process industry. The results suggest that the concentration and capital intensiveness of the process industry in Sweden calls for an emphasis on asset management, production, and product portfolios with objectives primarily being sustainability or growth related. Examples of sustainability objectives are emissions, carbon footprint, raw materials and safety, whereas growth related objectives often refer to finding the firms position in the market, reaching economies of scope and scale, and optimizing the product portfolio regionally. A crucial tool for implementing strategy is project selection, the results suggest that a mix of two approaches (bottom-up and the bucket model) is often used. This combined approach is just briefly mentioned in literature, however, in this research it has been referred to as “empty bucket model” in this research due to similarities with the bucket model. Further research recommendations include conducting surveys based on identified themes or diving deeper into particular areas such as recent agility improvements.

Asset management within the nuclear industry has become an increasingly relevant topic as safety requirements have tightened and energy security has become more important. Asset management ensures performance and reliability in a nuclear facility by balancing costs, opportunities, and risks to get the most out of assets. Asset management processes can often be modeled as capital budgeting problems, where investments are evaluated based on costs and benefits, which establishes a link to mathematical optimization. This study addresses asset management at the Swedish nuclear power plant, Forsmark, and aims to implement an optimization model to improve the project selection related to maintenance and replacement of assets at the plant. First, the most relevant areas of nuclear asset management are identified through a comprehensive literature review. The most relevant method, identified as a mix between risk-informed asset management and capital budgeting, is then implemented to fit the prerequisites at Forsmark. Several models of different complexity are developed and the resulting stochastic model incorporates uncertainty of input variables by assuming underlying distributions. Finally, a methodology to incorporate a quantitative risk measure in the optimization is suggested through the use of conditional value at risk. Results are generated based on simulated data and illustrate the potential of implementing the method at Forsmark., Tillgångsförvaltning inom kärnkraftsindustrin har blivit alltmer aktuellt i takt med att säkerhetskraven har skärpts och tillförlitlighet i energiproduktionen blivit viktigare. Effektiv tillgångshantering säkerställer prestanda och reliabilitet i ett kärnkraftverk genom att hitta en balans mellan kostnader, möjligheter och risker för att maximera nyttan av tillgångar. Projekturval i tillgångsförvaltningen kan ofta modelleras som ett kapitalbudgeteringsproblem, där investeringar utvärderas utifrån kostnader och uppsida, vilket påvisar en koppling till matematisk optimering. Denna studie behandlar tillgångshantering vid det svenska kärnkraftverket Forsmark och syftar till att implementera en optimeringsmodell för att förbättra projekturvalet relaterat till underhåll av tillgångar vid anläggningen. Det första steget i studien bearbetar den befintliga litteraturen inom området för att få en uppfattning av relevanta metoder. Den mest relevanta metoden identifierades som en mix mellan riskinformerad tillgångsförvaltning och kapitalbudgetering. En metod baserad på de generella principerna för dessa områden utvecklades och anpassades för de specifika förutsättningarna på Forsmark. Flera modeller av olika komplexitet utvecklades och den slutgiltiga stokastiska modellen inkorporerar osäkerhet i de mest relevanta ingångsvariablerna genom att anta sannolikhetsfördelningar. Slutligen föreslås en metod för att implementera ett kvantitativt riskmått i optimeringen genom att använda CVaR. Resultaten genereras utifrån simulerade data och illustrerar potentialen i att implementera metoden på Forsmark.

Corporate strategies have a low success rate and strategic objectives are frequently not met. To gain insight into this phenomenon, this research explores the process of generating and implementing strategy through CAPEX projects within the mature Swedish process industry. By the use of the grounded theory methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven professionals from five different industries matching the description of a process industry. The results suggest that the concentration and capital intensiveness of the process industry in Sweden calls for an emphasis on asset management, production, and product portfolios with objectives primarily being sustainability or growth related. Examples of sustainability objectives are emissions, carbon footprint, raw materials and safety, whereas growth related objectives often refer to finding the firms position in the market, reaching economies of scope and scale, and optimizing the product portfolio regionally. A crucial tool for implementing strategy is project selection, the results suggest that a mix of two approaches (bottom-up and the bucket model) is often used. This combined approach is just briefly mentioned in literature, however, in this research it has been referred to as “empty bucket model” in this research due to similarities with the bucket model. Further research recommendations include conducting surveys based on identified themes or diving deeper into particular areas such as recent agility improvements.

In a Stackelberg max closure game, we are given a digraph whose vertices correspond to projects from which firms can choose and whose arcs represent precedence constraints. Some projects are under the control of a leader who sets prices in the first stage of the game, while in the second stage, the firms choose a feasible subset of projects of maximum value. For a single follower, the leader’s problem of finding revenue-maximizing prices can be solved in strongly polynomial time. In this paper, we focus on the setting with multiple followers and distinguish two situations. In the case in which only one copy of each project is available (limited supply), we show that the two-follower problem is solvable in strongly polynomial time, whereas the problem with three or more followers is NP-hard. In the case of unlimited supply, that is, when sufficient copies of each project are available, we show that the two-follower problem is already APX-hard. As a side result, we prove that Stackelberg min vertex cover on bipartite graphs with a single follower is APX-hard.

Project selection is a common problem for many companies. Specifically, it consists in identifying which projects should be selected with regard to their economic efficiency, i.e., the projects that maximise the profit they bring in while minimising the cost of the resources consumed. In this paper, we have focused our interest on energy service companies because of the importance of a convenient selection of their projects. In these types of companies, the attractiveness of a project depends on both the profit estimations obtained in simulations of the energy systems to be improved, as well as the probability that the project will be awarded (e.g., in local government bids, where typically several energy service companies compete to win the bid). We propose a new project selection method, especially tailored to energy service companies and based on centralised data envelopment analysis models with limited availability of the resources. This contrasts with all existing project selection methods and allows the proposed approach to make more efficient use of the limited resources. We have applied the model to a real-world case by selecting projects in a Spanish energy service company, showing the benefits of applying this approach, and comparing the results obtained with other data envelopment analysis project selection approaches.

Project selection is a common problem for many companies. Specifically, it consists in identifying which projects should be selected with regard to their economic efficiency, i.e., the projects that maximise the profit they bring in while minimising the cost of the resources consumed. In this paper, we have focused our interest on energy service companies because of the importance of a convenient selection of their projects. In these types of companies, the attractiveness of a project depends on both the profit estimations obtained in simulations of the energy systems to be improved, as well as the probability that the project will be awarded (e.g., in local government bids, where typically several energy service companies compete to win the bid). We propose a new project selection method, especially tailored to energy service companies and based on centralised data envelopment analysis models with limited availability of the resources. This contrasts with all existing project selection methods and allows the proposed approach to make more efficient use of the limited resources. We have applied the model to a real-world case by selecting projects in a Spanish energy service company, showing the benefits of applying this approach, and comparing the results obtained with other data envelopment analysis project selection approaches.

Project selection is a common problem for many companies. Specifically, it consists in identifying which projects should be selected with regard to their economic efficiency, i.e., the projects that maximise the profit they bring in while minimising the cost of the resources consumed. In this paper, we have focused our interest on energy service companies because of the importance of a convenient selection of their projects. In these types of companies, the attractiveness of a project depends on both the profit estimations obtained in simulations of the energy systems to be improved, as well as the probability that the project will be awarded (e.g., in local government bids, where typically several energy service companies compete to win the bid). We propose a new project selection method, especially tailored to energy service companies and based on centralised data envelopment analysis models with limited availability of the resources. This contrasts with all existing project selection methods and allows the proposed approach to make more efficient use of the limited resources. We have applied the model to a real-world case by selecting projects in a Spanish energy service company, showing the benefits of applying this approach, and comparing the results obtained with other data envelopment analysis project selection approaches.

Sustainability is one of the main drivers today for change in the world, many organisations are trying to be sustainable in their own way. One of the ways to do this is to integrate sustainability, or the triple bottom line (TBL), in their decision-making. This study concerns developing decision criteria for an NPO operating within the recycling- and waste management sector, to be applied in a project portfolio selection framework. Thus, the purpose of the study is to support decision-making that will promote sustainability by developing decision criteria. Consequently, the main research question for the study is: which criteria assure project selection aligned with TBL? The decision criteria were developed by following the five-step approach for developing criteria by Tillman and Cassone (2012). The research is designed as a qualitative single case study and the research questions are answered by conducting semi-structured interviews. The study has shown that by combining TBL and the five-step approach, criteria were able to be developed promoting all three dimensions of TBL. However, combining TBL and the five-step approach did imply some changes and adjustments to the original five-step approach. Hence, the discussion provides an outline of a suggested framework that integrates the TBL approachinto the development of decision criteria and metrics., Hållbarhet är en av de viktigaste drivkrafterna för förändring i världen idag och olika organisationer försöker vara hållbara på sitt eget vis. En strategi att göra detta är att integrera hållbarhet, eller triplebottom line (TBL), i sitt beslutsfattande. Denna studie handlar om att utveckla beslutskriterier för tillämpning i ett ramverk för projektportföljstyrning för en icke vinstdrivande organisation som arbetar inom sektorn för återvinning och avfallshantering. Syftet med studien är således att stödja beslutsfattande som främjar hållbarhet genom att utveckla beslutskriterier. Följaktligen är den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan för studien: vilka kriterier säkerställer att val av projekt är i linje med TBL? Beslutskriterierna utvecklades genom att följa tillvägagångssättet för en femstegsmetod för att utveckla kriterier av Tillman och Cassone (2012). Studien är utformad som en kvalitativ fallstudie och forskningsfrågorna besvaras genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien har visat att genom att kombinera TBL och femstegsmetoden utvecklades kriterier som främjar alla tre dimensioner av TBL. Att kombinera TBL och femstegsmetoden innebar dock vissa förändringar och justeringar av den ursprungliga femstegsmetoden. Diskussionen presenterar därför ett förslag på ett ramverk som integrerar TBL i utvecklingen av beslutskriterier och mätetal.

In-service pavements require maintenance and rehabilitation (MandR) interventions to keep them in compliance with structural and functional standards. With the increased focus on the sustainability of our roadway systems, it has become important to document the cost and environmental impacts of different MandR strategies over the life cycle of the pavement to facilitate project selection decisions in the future. Asphalt pavement recycling, while cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to other traditional MandR treatments, still faces some widespread implementation push-back, leading to policy enactments by the FHWA aimed at encouraging the use of recycling in road projects. Many agencies and contractors have cited the lack of project selection criteria, and uncertainty about long-term performance of these recycling alternatives as reasons impeding rapid implementation of these treatments in road projects. One of the gray areas of the FHWA's 2015 Recycled Material Policy in project selection was, until recently, the lack of guidelines or tools for the assessment of the environmental suitability of candidate MandR treatments. Today, it is almost impossible to evaluate the environmental suitability of various recycling-based end-of-service-life treatments because available databases do not have relevant information on the details of unit processes, construction equipment and activities, and use-stage roughness data. Development of future MandR plans throughout the service life of pavements rehabilitated with recycling-based treatments is somewhat limited as deterioration is not fully understood. Also, available modeling tools no not address all LCA phases, or in cases where they do, key life cycle phases including the MandR, and use phases are not well covered due to the lack of quantification highlighted earlier. To address the highlighted concerns, this dissertation developed a user-friendly comprehensive LCA tool that was further validated with a case

Project selection is a common problem for many companies. Specifically, it consists in identifying which projects should be selected with regard to their economic efficiency, i.e., the projects that maximise the profit they bring in while minimising the cost of the resources consumed. In this paper, we have focused our interest on energy service companies because of the importance of a convenient selection of their projects. In these types of companies, the attractiveness of a project depends on both the profit estimations obtained in simulations of the energy systems to be improved, as well as the probability that the project will be awarded (e.g., in local government bids, where typically several energy service companies compete to win the bid). We propose a new project selection method, especially tailored to energy service companies and based on centralised data envelopment analysis models with limited availability of the resources. This contrasts with all existing project selection methods and allows the proposed approach to make more efficient use of the limited resources. We have applied the model to a real-world case by selecting projects in a Spanish energy service company, showing the benefits of applying this approach, and comparing the results obtained with other data envelopment analysis project selection approaches.

Project selection is a common problem for many companies. Specifically, it consists in identifying which projects should be selected with regard to their economic efficiency, i.e., the projects that maximise the profit they bring in while minimising the cost of the resources consumed. In this paper, we have focused our interest on energy service companies because of the importance of a convenient selection of their projects. In these types of companies, the attractiveness of a project depends on both the profit estimations obtained in simulations of the energy systems to be improved, as well as the probability that the project will be awarded (e.g., in local government bids, where typically several energy service companies compete to win the bid). We propose a new project selection method, especially tailored to energy service companies and based on centralised data envelopment analysis models with limited availability of the resources. This contrasts with all existing project selection methods and allows the proposed approach to make more efficient use of the limited resources. We have applied the model to a real-world case by selecting projects in a Spanish energy service company, showing the benefits of applying this approach, and comparing the results obtained with other data envelopment analysis project selection approaches.

Sustainability is one of the main drivers today for change in the world, many organisations are trying to be sustainable in their own way. One of the ways to do this is to integrate sustainability, or the triple bottom line (TBL), in their decision-making. This study concerns developing decision criteria for an NPO operating within the recycling- and waste management sector, to be applied in a project portfolio selection framework. Thus, the purpose of the study is to support decision-making that will promote sustainability by developing decision criteria. Consequently, the main research question for the study is: which criteria assure project selection aligned with TBL? The decision criteria were developed by following the five-step approach for developing criteria by Tillman and Cassone (2012). The research is designed as a qualitative single case study and the research questions are answered by conducting semi-structured interviews. The study has shown that by combining TBL and the five-step approach, criteria were able to be developed promoting all three dimensions of TBL. However, combining TBL and the five-step approach did imply some changes and adjustments to the original five-step approach. Hence, the discussion provides an outline of a suggested framework that integrates the TBL approachinto the development of decision criteria and metrics., Hållbarhet är en av de viktigaste drivkrafterna för förändring i världen idag och olika organisationer försöker vara hållbara på sitt eget vis. En strategi att göra detta är att integrera hållbarhet, eller triplebottom line (TBL), i sitt beslutsfattande. Denna studie handlar om att utveckla beslutskriterier för tillämpning i ett ramverk för projektportföljstyrning för en icke vinstdrivande organisation som arbetar inom sektorn för återvinning och avfallshantering. Syftet med studien är således att stödja beslutsfattande som främjar hållbarhet genom att utveckla beslutskriterier. Följaktligen är den huvudsakliga forskningsfrågan för studien: vilka kriterier säkerställer att val av projekt är i linje med TBL? Beslutskriterierna utvecklades genom att följa tillvägagångssättet för en femstegsmetod för att utveckla kriterier av Tillman och Cassone (2012). Studien är utformad som en kvalitativ fallstudie och forskningsfrågorna besvaras genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien har visat att genom att kombinera TBL och femstegsmetoden utvecklades kriterier som främjar alla tre dimensioner av TBL. Att kombinera TBL och femstegsmetoden innebar dock vissa förändringar och justeringar av den ursprungliga femstegsmetoden. Diskussionen presenterar därför ett förslag på ett ramverk som integrerar TBL i utvecklingen av beslutskriterier och mätetal.

When benefits of proposed infrastructure investments are forecasted, residential location is usually treated as fixed, since very few operational transport models are able to forecast residential relocation. It has been argued that this may constitute a source of serious error or bias when evaluating and comparing the benefits of proposed infrastructure investments. We use a stylized simulation model of a metropolitan region to compare calculated benefits for a large number of infrastructure investments with and without taking changes in residential location into account. In particular, we explore the changes in project selection when assembling an optimal project portfolio under a budget constraint. The simulation model includes endogenous land prices and demand for residential land, heterogeneous preferences and wage offers across residents, and spillover mechanisms which affect wage rates in zones. The model is calibrated to generate realistic travel patterns and demand elasticities. Our results indicate that ignoring residential relocation has a small but appreciable effect on the selected project portfolio, but only a very small effect on achieved total benefits., QC 20201221

The aim of this research is to develop and propose a framework to supplement existing government frameworks for the selection and prioritization of large public capital projects. The effectiveness of the existing Australian frameworks is tested against three large public projects. Case study analysis indicated Optimism Bias and Focalism were cognitive traits that influenced key decision-making along with legislative structures. The result of the analysis showed the proposed framework is capable of mitigating risks of improper project selection through criterion analysis of quantitative and qualitative measures. However empirical analysis is required to further test assumptions.

The scenario of global competitiveness demands more and more of the organizations the search for continuous improvement. For survival, in the face of adverse market conditions, modern production management strategies are essential to make production processes increasingly efficient, lean and sustainable, minimizing losses in their production systems. In this sense, when thinking about changes in production lines, in search of improvements in their process, criteria that provide Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) should be considered. In this way, managers and executives should rely on tools and methods that allow them to guide their decisions in a clear way. The objective of this work is to apply a method of Decision Making with Multiple Criteria to the alternatives of investment projects in production lines in Lean Manufacturing concept. As a general result, it was possible to observe the applicability of the AHP BOCR method for the decision-making case involving several criteria and subcriteria for choosing the Lean investment project in the steel environment, the preferred alternative being the discontinuity of the production line 1 and the absorption of their respective production volume by production lines 2 and 3 through investments in them.

The scenario of global competitiveness demands more and more of the organizations the search for continuous improvement. For survival, in the face of adverse market conditions, modern production management strategies are essential to make production processes increasingly efficient, lean and sustainable, minimizing losses in their production systems. In this sense, when thinking about changes in production lines, in search of improvements in their process, criteria that provide Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) should be considered. In this way, managers and executives should rely on tools and methods that allow them to guide their decisions in a clear way. The objective of this work is to apply a method of Decision Making with Multiple Criteria to the alternatives of investment projects in production lines in Lean Manufacturing concept. As a general result, it was possible to observe the applicability of the AHP BOCR method for the decision-making case involving several criteria and subcriteria for choosing the Lean investment project in the steel environment, the preferred alternative being the discontinuity of the production line 1 and the absorption of their respective production volume by production lines 2 and 3 through investments in them.

The scenario of global competitiveness demands more and more of the organizations the search for continuous improvement. For survival, in the face of adverse market conditions, modern production management strategies are essential to make production processes increasingly efficient, lean and sustainable, minimizing losses in their production systems. In this sense, when thinking about changes in production lines, in search of improvements in their process, criteria that provide Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) should be considered. In this way, managers and executives should rely on tools and methods that allow them to guide their decisions in a clear way. The objective of this work is to apply a method of Decision Making with Multiple Criteria to the alternatives of investment projects in production lines in Lean Manufacturing concept. As a general result, it was possible to observe the applicability of the AHP BOCR method for the decision-making case involving several criteria and subcriteria for choosing the Lean investment project in the steel environment, the preferred alternative being the discontinuity of the production line 1 and the absorption of their respective production volume by production lines 2 and 3 through investments in them.

The scenario of global competitiveness demands more and more of the organizations the search for continuous improvement. For survival, in the face of adverse market conditions, modern production management strategies are essential to make production processes increasingly efficient, lean and sustainable, minimizing losses in their production systems. In this sense, when thinking about changes in production lines, in search of improvements in their process, criteria that provide Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) should be considered. In this way, managers and executives should rely on tools and methods that allow them to guide their decisions in a clear way. The objective of this work is to apply a method of Decision Making with Multiple Criteria to the alternatives of investment projects in production lines in Lean Manufacturing concept. As a general result, it was possible to observe the applicability of the AHP BOCR method for the decision-making case involving several criteria and subcriteria for choosing the Lean investment project in the steel environment, the preferred alternative being the discontinuity of the production line 1 and the absorption of their respective production volume by production lines 2 and 3 through investments in them.

The scenario of global competitiveness demands more and more of the organizations the search for continuous improvement. For survival, in the face of adverse market conditions, modern production management strategies are essential to make production processes increasingly efficient, lean and sustainable, minimizing losses in their production systems. In this sense, when thinking about changes in production lines, in search of improvements in their process, criteria that provide Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) should be considered. In this way, managers and executives should rely on tools and methods that allow them to guide their decisions in a clear way. The objective of this work is to apply a method of Decision Making with Multiple Criteria to the alternatives of investment projects in production lines in Lean Manufacturing concept. As a general result, it was possible to observe the applicability of the AHP BOCR method for the decision-making case involving several criteria and subcriteria for choosing the Lean investment project in the steel environment, the preferred alternative being the discontinuity of the production line 1 and the absorption of their respective production volume by production lines 2 and 3 through investments in them.

The scenario of global competitiveness demands more and more of the organizations the search for continuous improvement. For survival, in the face of adverse market conditions, modern production management strategies are essential to make production processes increasingly efficient, lean and sustainable, minimizing losses in their production systems. In this sense, when thinking about changes in production lines, in search of improvements in their process, criteria that provide Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks (BOCR) should be considered. In this way, managers and executives should rely on tools and methods that allow them to guide their decisions in a clear way. The objective of this work is to apply a method of Decision Making with Multiple Criteria to the alternatives of investment projects in production lines in Lean Manufacturing concept. As a general result, it was possible to observe the applicability of the AHP BOCR method for the decision-making case involving several criteria and subcriteria for choosing the Lean investment project in the steel environment, the preferred alternative being the discontinuity of the production line 1 and the absorption of their respective production volume by production lines 2 and 3 through investments in them.

Project portfolio management (PPM) is central for project-based firms to achieve structure and prioritization among multiple projects. Competitive pressures, emergence of new technology and constantly changing customer demand imply a dynamic nature of PPM that calls for adjustments to different situations. This paper investigates PPM challenges that a company in the lighting industry face during a technology transformation from fluorescent technology to LED technology. The technology transformation resembles a modular innovation and the question asked is: How does technology transformation influence the project selection process? The findings rest upon an in-depth case study where data was collected via narrative interviews with representatives having detailed insights into the company's PPM activities and decisions. The key findings from the study are: (1) When a company faces a technology, which involves most products in the portfolio to be converted to a new technology, the project selection focus shifts from “what products should be developed” to “in what order should the products be developed”. (2) The technology transformation might lead to that the planned order for carrying out projects can be frequently changed due to reprioritizations during project execution phase. Based on the key findings it can be concluded that PPM selection seems more dynamic than postulated in the literature. This paper contributes with increased insights into the dynamic nature of project selection, specifically related to a technology transformation situations characterized by modular innovation. Further studies are needed regarding effects of other kinds of technology transformations on project selection activities and decisions as well as other factors contributing to the dynamics of PPM.

The article develops the methodological approach to coordinating the priorities of scientific, technological and spatial development of regions. The relevance of the study is due to the significance of choosing the benchmarks for the transformation of regional economic systems. These systems are based on the principles of harmonisation of the social and economic interests of individuals, business entities, territories of different levels, and modern prospects for the development of science and technology. The study aims to substantiate the methodology for assessing and selecting priorities for coordinating scientific, technological and spatial development of the economies of industrialised regions. The methodology is based on a combination of the individual territories’ interests due to their joint participation in integrated investment projects of interregional significance. We applied general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical knowledge, including a causal method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a method of scientific abstraction. We substantiated the role of macro-regions in the process of integration of the local territories’ initiatives with the national development guidelines. Then, we identified the characteristics of integrated investment projects with significant potential, which can be the basis for determining the criteria for assessing and selecting projects and project initiatives proposed for implementation at the supra-regional level. Further, we offered an algorithm for developing an integrated investment project that determines the sequence of events. Such events allow realisation of opportunities of scientific and technological development available for industrialised regions, taking into account the priorities of their spatial transformations. We tested the algorithm using the industrial Ural-Siberian macro-region as an example, identifying key aspects of the “Ural Highway” pilot project. A specific feature of the developed approa, Рассмотрен теоретико-методологический подход к согласованию приоритетов пространственного и научно-технологического развития регионов. Предложен алгоритм разработки комплексного инвестиционного проекта, определяющий последовательность мероприятий, которые позволяют реализовать имеющиеся у индустриально развитых регионов возможности научно-технологического развития с учетом приоритетов их пространственных преобразований. Даны методические рекомендации по созданию комплексного инвестиционного проекта "Уральская магистраль". Показана значимость формирования единой транспортно-логистической системы Уральско-Сибирского макрорегиона.

Volvo’s plant in Umeå has a constant need for development, where to start new activities like projects and investments are important tools, where the competition on the market is increasing. The need for investments are major compared to the resources available, both in terms of human resources and economic resources. The plant needs to prioritize trying to choose what kind of investments are the best for the plant’s future. The problem is that there is a lack of reliable priority model for investments that consider several different parameters. To solve this issue the goal is to create a useful model that can work as a tool to prioritize projects and investments in an appropriate and reliable way. The study began with a literature review to make the researcher approach the subject and gather the knowledge needed for this study. After this, qualitative semi-structured interviews were made with different managers at the plant, to acquire their expertise and knowledge regarding the selection of criteria and their preferences of how the model should work. The next step was to analyze the old model used at the plant, its strengths, and weaknesses. At the same time, constant discussions were held with the supervisor and his manager but as well with the university, mainly through seminars. When the researcher felt he was ready he started to create the new model. There were 30 criteria included in the model, mainly collected through interviews. The large number of criteria collected were sorted into Volvo’s catchwords SQDCEP (Safety, Quality, Delivery, Cost, Environmental, People). These were decided to function as the main criteria in the model, and all the 30 criteria were called sub-criteria. The model itself originates from a process called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is an established and wellknown methodology to make prioritizations. Its main idea is to compare every single project against each other which makes the method very thoughtful, solid and pr

Philips believes that in order to keep creating real and sustainable value for its stakeholders, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of trends of economy paradigm. As the trends show, to transform towards transformation paradigm and sustain future growth and profitability, understanding challenges and identifying opportunities in the healthcare field are essential for Philips. The current healthcare field faces a lot of challenges and needs disruptive innovations. Integrated, patient-centric, and efficient care delivery models are urgently needed. Value-based care was proposed under the background. It emphasizes improving healthcare outcomes while reducing cost. Philips also believes value-based care is the ideal healthcare delivery system. To transform towards value-based care, Philips collaborates with local hospitals to initiate value-based care studios. Selecting suitable projects to run in studios is vital while there are no guidelines or toolkit to help project selection. My assignment is to design a project selection toolkit for Philips' value-based care studios. After exploratory research and design iterations, finally, an improved project selection journey and corresponding tools to help each phase of the improved project selection journey are designed. They aim to provide suitable information in suitable time to facilitate productive discussion and decision making in project selection process., Strategic Product Design

The search for efficiency in the public sector occurred with the implementation of new managerial standards, called new public management. This new managerial model gradually introduced the concept of project management. However, more and more resources to execute new projects are scarce, making public institutions seek new solutions to better provide their services. An exploited solution in the private sector is Project portfolio management, which can be a solution for public agencies. In this sense, the objective of this article was to understand how a model of selection of projects available in the literature contributed to the formation of the portfolio of strategic projects in a court of justice. For this, we used the action-research method as a research strategy, as well as a systematic review of the literature on project portfolio in the public sector. The results allowed us to identify that the techniques of selection of projects that use mathematical models are the most studied in the public sector. It was also possible to analyze the implementation of a project selection model through a case., A busca pela eficiência no setor público ocorreu com a implantação dos novos padrões gerenciais, denominado Nova Gestão Pública. Esse novo modelo gerencial aos poucos introduziu o conceito de gestão de projetos. No entanto, cada vez mais os recursos para executar novos projetos estão escassos, fazendo com que as instituições públicas busquem novas soluções para melhor prestar seus serviços. Uma solução explorada no setor privado é a gestão de portfólio de projetos, que pode ser uma solução para os órgãos públicos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi entender como um modelo de seleção de projetos disponível na literatura contribuiu com a formação da carteira de projetos estratégicos em um tribunal de justiça. Para isto, utilizou-se do método de pesquisa-ação como estratégia de pesquisa, bem como realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre portfólio de projetos no setor público. Os resultados permitiram identificar que as técnicas de seleção de projetos que usam modelos matemáticos são os mais estudados no setor público. Foi possível também analisar a implantação de um modelo de seleção de projetos por meio de um caso.

The article develops the methodological approach to coordinating the priorities of scientific, technological and spatial development of regions. The relevance of the study is due to the significance of choosing the benchmarks for the transformation of regional economic systems. These systems are based on the principles of harmonisation of the social and economic interests of individuals, business entities, territories of different levels, and modern prospects for the development of science and technology. The study aims to substantiate the methodology for assessing and selecting priorities for coordinating scientific, technological and spatial development of the economies of industrialised regions. The methodology is based on a combination of the individual territories’ interests due to their joint participation in integrated investment projects of interregional significance. We applied general scientific methods of theoretical and empirical knowledge, including a causal method, a method of analysis and synthesis, a method of scientific abstraction. We substantiated the role of macro-regions in the process of integration of the local territories’ initiatives with the national development guidelines. Then, we identified the characteristics of integrated investment projects with significant potential, which can be the basis for determining the criteria for assessing and selecting projects and project initiatives proposed for implementation at the supra-regional level. Further, we offered an algorithm for developing an integrated investment project that determines the sequence of events. Such events allow realisation of opportunities of scientific and technological development available for industrialised regions, taking into account the priorities of their spatial transformations. We tested the algorithm using the industrial Ural-Siberian macro-region as an example, identifying key aspects of the “Ural Highway” pilot project. A specific feature of the developed approa

The search for efficiency in the public sector occurred with the implementation of new managerial standards, called new public management. This new managerial model gradually introduced the concept of project management. However, more and more resources to execute new projects are scarce, making public institutions seek new solutions to better provide their services. An exploited solution in the private sector is Project portfolio management, which can be a solution for public agencies. In this sense, the objective of this article was to understand how a model of selection of projects available in the literature contributed to the formation of the portfolio of strategic projects in a court of justice. For this, we used the action-research method as a research strategy, as well as a systematic review of the literature on project portfolio in the public sector. The results allowed us to identify that the techniques of selection of projects that use mathematical models are the most studied in the public sector. It was also possible to analyze the implementation of a project selection model through a case., A busca pela eficiência no setor público ocorreu com a implantação dos novos padrões gerenciais, denominado Nova Gestão Pública. Esse novo modelo gerencial aos poucos introduziu o conceito de gestão de projetos. No entanto, cada vez mais os recursos para executar novos projetos estão escassos, fazendo com que as instituições públicas busquem novas soluções para melhor prestar seus serviços. Uma solução explorada no setor privado é a gestão de portfólio de projetos, que pode ser uma solução para os órgãos públicos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi entender como um modelo de seleção de projetos disponível na literatura contribuiu com a formação da carteira de projetos estratégicos em um tribunal de justiça. Para isto, utilizou-se do método de pesquisa-ação como estratégia de pesquisa, bem como realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre portfólio de projetos no setor público. Os resultados permitiram identificar que as técnicas de seleção de projetos que usam modelos matemáticos são os mais estudados no setor público. Foi possível também analisar a implantação de um modelo de seleção de projetos por meio de um caso.

Volvo’s plant in Umeå has a constant need for development, where to start new activities like projects and investments are important tools, where the competition on the market is increasing. The need for investments are major compared to the resources available, both in terms of human resources and economic resources. The plant needs to prioritize trying to choose what kind of investments are the best for the plant’s future. The problem is that there is a lack of reliable priority model for investments that consider several different parameters. To solve this issue the goal is to create a useful model that can work as a tool to prioritize projects and investments in an appropriate and reliable way. The study began with a literature review to make the researcher approach the subject and gather the knowledge needed for this study. After this, qualitative semi-structured interviews were made with different managers at the plant, to acquire their expertise and knowledge regarding the selection of criteria and their preferences of how the model should work. The next step was to analyze the old model used at the plant, its strengths, and weaknesses. At the same time, constant discussions were held with the supervisor and his manager but as well with the university, mainly through seminars. When the researcher felt he was ready he started to create the new model. There were 30 criteria included in the model, mainly collected through interviews. The large number of criteria collected were sorted into Volvo’s catchwords SQDCEP (Safety, Quality, Delivery, Cost, Environmental, People). These were decided to function as the main criteria in the model, and all the 30 criteria were called sub-criteria. The model itself originates from a process called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is an established and wellknown methodology to make prioritizations. Its main idea is to compare every single project against each other which makes the method very thoughtful, solid and pr

Actualmente, no existe un trabajo de grado que logre abarcar cómo abordan los proyectos los procesos de identificación, selección y jerarquización basados en las metodologías de preparación, evaluación y gestión de proyectos. Para poder extraer los procesos de identificación, selección y jerarquización de proyectos de las metodologías de preparación, evaluación y gestión de proyectos, se realiza una investigación de las bases de datos de las revistas indexadas de la Universidad EAFIT y de los principales catálogos de las bibliotecas de las universidades del país mejor calificadas en gerencia de proyectos. Las fuentes bibliográficas indexadas de la Universidad EAFIT son 138 a la fecha. Para reducir el universo de búsqueda se establecieron unos criterios que permitieron reducir la búsqueda a un total de seis fuentes: EBSCO Host, Harvard Business Publishing, IEEE Xplore, Scielo, Google académico, Science Direct. Para el caso de los catálogos universitarios se seleccionaron cuatro: Universidad EAFIT, Universidad Javeriana, Universidad de los Andes y Universidad de Antioquia. Posterior a esta búsqueda de documentos, monografías, artículos de revista y libros se revisa un total de 90 artículos para construir una base sólida para los principales procesos de identificación, selección y jerarquización de proyectos basados en las metodologías de preparación, evaluación y gestión de proyectos. Subsiguiente a la investigación de las bases de datos de las revistas indexadas y de los catálogos de las universidades se procede a profundizar en cómo hace cada una de las metodologías: marco lógico, ZOPP, MGA, BPIN, ONUDI, JICA, Prince2, metodologías ágiles, PMI, IPMA y PRISM, los procesos de identificación, selección y jerarquización de proyectos, constituyendo así una visión integradas de las tres etapas del ciclo de vida de un proyecto, Currently, there is not a degree work that manages to cover as the projects address the processes of identification, selection and ranking based on the methodologies of preparation, evaluation and project management. In order to extract the processes of identification, selection and hierarchization of projects from the methodologies of preparation, evaluation and project management, an investigation will be carried out of the databases of the indexed journals of the EAFIT University and of the main catalogs of the libraries of the universities of the country better ranking list in project management. The indexed bibliographic sources of the EAFIT university are 138 to date, to reduce the search universe, criteria were established that allowed reducing the search to a total of 6 sources: EBSCO Host, Harvard Business Publishing, IEEE Xplore, Scielo, Google Schola, Science Direct. And in the case of the university catalogs, 4 were selected: EAFIT University, Javeriana University, Universidad de los Andes and Universidad de Antioquia. After this search for documents, monographs, magazine articles and books, a total of 90 articles will be reviewed to build a solid basis for the main processes of identification, selection and ranking of projects based on the methodologies for preparation, evaluation and management of Projects. Subsequent to the investigation of the databases of the indexed journals and the catalogs of the universities, we proceed to deepen as each of the methodologies does: Logical framework, ZOPP, MGA, BPIN, UNIDO, JICA, Prince2, Agile methodologies , PMI, IPMA and PRISM, the processes of identification, selection and hierarchy of projects, thus constituting an integrated vision of the three stages of the life cycle of a project

Philips believes that in order to keep creating real and sustainable value for its stakeholders, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of trends of economy paradigm. As the trends show, to transform towards transformation paradigm and sustain future growth and profitability, understanding challenges and identifying opportunities in the healthcare field are essential for Philips. The current healthcare field faces a lot of challenges and needs disruptive innovations. Integrated, patient-centric, and efficient care delivery models are urgently needed. Value-based care was proposed under the background. It emphasizes improving healthcare outcomes while reducing cost. Philips also believes value-based care is the ideal healthcare delivery system. To transform towards value-based care, Philips collaborates with local hospitals to initiate value-based care studios. Selecting suitable projects to run in studios is vital while there are no guidelines or toolkit to help project selection. My assignment is to design a project selection toolkit for Philips' value-based care studios. After exploratory research and design iterations, finally, an improved project selection journey and corresponding tools to help each phase of the improved project selection journey are designed. They aim to provide suitable information in suitable time to facilitate productive discussion and decision making in project selection process., Strategic Product Design

Nowadays, organizations are shifting towards project-based management strategies in order to implement more flexible structures that allow them to respond and compete in complex business environments. In this way, project management has been regarded as a valuable competence, providing the organization and its management teams the opportunity to adapt the knowledge, skills and tools necessary to meet project requirements as well as organizational goals. Among the wide array of decisions project managers have to evaluate project selection (PS) and project prioritization (PP) are crucial in order to maximize stakeholder’s value through the effective management and allocation of resources to projects that are in alignment with the organization’s strategic objectives. Moreover, the integration of management techniques, guidelines and practices has also become a necessity for intergovernmental (IGOs) and non-profit organizations (NPOs), especially because they do not possess a conventional bottom line and in most instances, their main goal is rarely profit maximization. Although the main objective of operations of IGOs and NPOs is also success, this is difficult to be defined and evaluated. As a matter of fact, studies related to project management in IGOs and NPOs argue that the literature available has ignored the public good sector to a great extent, since the majority of the portfolio management tools available are tailored for commercial and for-profit organizations (FPOs). Consequently, this study explores the project portfolio management (PPM) process in intergovernmental and non-profit organizations focusing specifically on the decision-making process regarding project selection and prioritization. It provides an understanding of the main criteria these organizations take into consideration when selecting and prioritizing projects and the impact these methodologies have in terms of achieving project and organizational success. In addition, it examines the role of

Global energy demand is on the rise while efforts are being undertaken to increase the share of renewables to the energy mix. Even though, it is expected fossil fuels will remain an important contributor to meet this demand in the following decades. This can be attributed to the existing infrastructure, fossil fuels abundance, their energy density and ease of distribution. As of today, in the oil and gas industry, competing oil-recovery techniques are screened and evaluated with cashflow based methods such as the Net Present Value rule. This method is entirely based on economics and may neglect important aspects related to the techniques. If fossil fuels will still be produced, their contribution to climate change should be mitigated. This can be achieved by considering the efficiency of the techniques employed for extraction. Additionally, the oil and gas industry is subject to uncertainty as the oil price is volatile, as has been observed in the past few years. In order to evaluate competing techniques, it is advisable to also consider the impact of this uncertainty in their evaluation. In this thesis, the applicability of two concepts for the screening of competing oil-recovery techniques is explored. The thermodynamic efficiency is assessed with the use of Exergy analysis and the uncertainty on the price of oil is considered through the use of Real Option theory., Management of Technology (MoT)

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en diseñar el método que permita a los técnicos de la Administración una adecuada aplicación del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) con el fin de seleccionar al adjudicatario entre los diferentes licitadores presentados a un concurso público de Obras. Mediante el método propuesto, se pretende mejorar el fundamento matemático para ponderar los criterios y valorar las propuestas respecto a esos criterios, que se especifican en los Pliego de Cláusulas Administrativas Particulares y Pliegos de Prescripciones Técnicas por los que se han de regir los concursos públicos de obras. En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se analizarán las ponderaciones de los criterios y valoraciones de propuestas sometidas a licitación realizadas por el responsable técnicos del Servicio de Infraestructuras de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Este técnico valorará las propuestas presentadas a varios concursos de obras que en este momento tiene la UPV en licitación. Se comparará el sistema descrito en los Pliegos con la aplicación del método AHP con el fin de analizar las ventajas e inconvenientes que el técnico describa según su experiencia. También se analizará la legalidad de la aplicación de este método con los letrados del Servicio de Contratación de la UPV., The objective of this work is to design a multi-criteria decision-making support method that allows the technicians of the Administration an adequate application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to select the successful bidder among the different bidders submitted to a Public Bid for Works. Through the proposed method, it is intended to improve the mathematical basis to weigh the criteria and evaluate the proposals regarding these criteria, which are specified in the Specific Administrative Terms and Conditions and Technical Specifications for which the public tenders of works. In the present End of Degree Project, the weightings of the criteria and valuations of proposals submitted to bidding will be analyzed by the technician in charge of the Infrastructure Service of the Universitat Politècnica de València. This technician will evaluate the proposals submitted to several works contests that the UPV is currently bidding on. The system described in the Tender Documents will be compared with the application of the AHP method in order to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that the technician describes according to his experience. The legality of the application of this method will also be analyzed with the lawyers of the UPV Contract Service., L'objectiu d'aquest treball consisteix a dissenyar el mètode que permeti als tècnics de l'Administració una adequada aplicació del Procés Analític Jeràrquic (AHP) amb la finalitat de seleccionar a l'adjudicatari entre els diferents licitadors presentats a un concurs públic d'obres. Mitjançant el mètode proposat, es pretén millorar el fonament matemàtic per ponderar els criteris i valorar les propostes que fa a aquests criteris, que s'especifiquen en els Plec de Clàusules Administratives Particulars i Plecs de Prescripcions Tècniques pels quals s'han de regir els concursos públics de obres. En el present Treball Fi de Grau s'analitzaran les ponderacions dels criteris i valoracions de propostes sotmeses a licitació realitzades pel responsable tècnics del Servei d'Infraestructures de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Aquest tècnic valorarà les propostes presentades a diversos concursos d'obres que en aquest moment té la UPV en licitació. Es compararà el sistema descrit en els Plecs amb l'aplicació del mètode AHP per tal d'analitzar els avantatges i inconvenients que el tècnic descrigui segons la seva experiència. També s'analitzarà la legalitat de l'aplicació d'aquest mètode amb els lletrats del Servei de Contractació de la UPV.

Global energy demand is on the rise while efforts are being undertaken to increase the share of renewables to the energy mix. Even though, it is expected fossil fuels will remain an important contributor to meet this demand in the following decades. This can be attributed to the existing infrastructure, fossil fuels abundance, their energy density and ease of distribution. As of today, in the oil and gas industry, competing oil-recovery techniques are screened and evaluated with cashflow based methods such as the Net Present Value rule. This method is entirely based on economics and may neglect important aspects related to the techniques. If fossil fuels will still be produced, their contribution to climate change should be mitigated. This can be achieved by considering the efficiency of the techniques employed for extraction. Additionally, the oil and gas industry is subject to uncertainty as the oil price is volatile, as has been observed in the past few years. In order to evaluate competing techniques, it is advisable to also consider the impact of this uncertainty in their evaluation. In this thesis, the applicability of two concepts for the screening of competing oil-recovery techniques is explored. The thermodynamic efficiency is assessed with the use of Exergy analysis and the uncertainty on the price of oil is considered through the use of Real Option theory., Management of Technology (MoT)

[EN]: The objective of this paper is to define an approval index that would be used by universities in decision making and allocation of financial resources to the projects formulated by their research groups. This index would provide a new strategic management approach, both to the evaluators in the decision-making process during the acceptance phase, and to the researchers in the formulation, execution and closure phases and the projects granted. This research seeks to identify the criteria that will make up this index and prioritize them according to the importance of them with respect to the strategic objectives defined by the university and the extent to which these projects are generators of organizational capabilities that revert to it. The methodology applied is based on the Analytical Network Process, ANP (Saaty, 1996). This process requires the participation of experts who will identify and qualify the criteria based on the alternatives. The definition of criteria will be based on the success criteria of research projects identified in the literature. On the other hand, the alternatives will be composed of the strategic objectives defined by the university for their research groups., [ES]: El objetivo del presente trabajo es definir un índice de aprobación que sería empleado por las universidades en la toma de decisiones y asignación de recursos financieros a los proyectos formulados por sus grupos de investigación. Este índice aportaría un nuevo enfoque de gestión estratégica, tanto a los evaluadores en la toma de decisiones durante la fase de aceptación, como a los investigadores en las fases de formulación, ejecución y cierre y de los proyectos concedidos. Esta investigación busca identificar los criterios que conformarán dicho índice y priorizarlos en función de la importancia de ellos con respecto a los objetivos estratégicos definidos por la universidad y la medida en que estos proyectos son generadores de capacidades organizacionales que revierten en ella. La metodología aplicada se basa en el Proceso Analítico en Red, ANP (Saaty, 1996). Este proceso, requiere de la participación de expertos que identificarán y calificarán los criterios en base a las alternativas. La definición de criterios se realizará a partir de los criterios de éxito de proyectos de investigación identificados en la literatura. Por otro lado, las alternativas estarán compuestas por los objetivos estratégicos definidos por la universidad para los grupos de investigación.

Nowadays, organizations are shifting towards project-based management strategies in order to implement more flexible structures that allow them to respond and compete in complex business environments. In this way, project management has been regarded as a valuable competence, providing the organization and its management teams the opportunity to adapt the knowledge, skills and tools necessary to meet project requirements as well as organizational goals. Among the wide array of decisions project managers have to evaluate project selection (PS) and project prioritization (PP) are crucial in order to maximize stakeholder’s value through the effective management and allocation of resources to projects that are in alignment with the organization’s strategic objectives. Moreover, the integration of management techniques, guidelines and practices has also become a necessity for intergovernmental (IGOs) and non-profit organizations (NPOs), especially because they do not possess a conventional bottom line and in most instances, their main goal is rarely profit maximization. Although the main objective of operations of IGOs and NPOs is also success, this is difficult to be defined and evaluated. As a matter of fact, studies related to project management in IGOs and NPOs argue that the literature available has ignored the public good sector to a great extent, since the majority of the portfolio management tools available are tailored for commercial and for-profit organizations (FPOs). Consequently, this study explores the project portfolio management (PPM) process in intergovernmental and non-profit organizations focusing specifically on the decision-making process regarding project selection and prioritization. It provides an understanding of the main criteria these organizations take into consideration when selecting and prioritizing projects and the impact these methodologies have in terms of achieving project and organizational success. In addition, it examines the role of

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en diseñar el método que permita a los técnicos de la Administración una adecuada aplicación del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) con el fin de seleccionar al adjudicatario entre los diferentes licitadores presentados a un concurso público de Obras. Mediante el método propuesto, se pretende mejorar el fundamento matemático para ponderar los criterios y valorar las propuestas respecto a esos criterios, que se especifican en los Pliego de Cláusulas Administrativas Particulares y Pliegos de Prescripciones Técnicas por los que se han de regir los concursos públicos de obras. En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se analizarán las ponderaciones de los criterios y valoraciones de propuestas sometidas a licitación realizadas por el responsable técnicos del Servicio de Infraestructuras de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Este técnico valorará las propuestas presentadas a varios concursos de obras que en este momento tiene la UPV en licitación. Se comparará el sistema descrito en los Pliegos con la aplicación del método AHP con el fin de analizar las ventajas e inconvenientes que el técnico describa según su experiencia. También se analizará la legalidad de la aplicación de este método con los letrados del Servicio de Contratación de la UPV., The objective of this work is to design a multi-criteria decision-making support method that allows the technicians of the Administration an adequate application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to select the successful bidder among the different bidders submitted to a Public Bid for Works. Through the proposed method, it is intended to improve the mathematical basis to weigh the criteria and evaluate the proposals regarding these criteria, which are specified in the Specific Administrative Terms and Conditions and Technical Specifications for which the public tenders of works. In the present End of Degree Project, the weightings of the criteria and valuations of proposals submitted to bidding will be analyzed by the technician in charge of the Infrastructure Service of the Universitat Politècnica de València. This technician will evaluate the proposals submitted to several works contests that the UPV is currently bidding on. The system described in the Tender Documents will be compared with the application of the AHP method in order to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that the technician describes according to his experience. The legality of the application of this method will also be analyzed with the lawyers of the UPV Contract Service., L'objectiu d'aquest treball consisteix a dissenyar el mètode que permeti als tècnics de l'Administració una adequada aplicació del Procés Analític Jeràrquic (AHP) amb la finalitat de seleccionar a l'adjudicatari entre els diferents licitadors presentats a un concurs públic d'obres. Mitjançant el mètode proposat, es pretén millorar el fonament matemàtic per ponderar els criteris i valorar les propostes que fa a aquests criteris, que s'especifiquen en els Plec de Clàusules Administratives Particulars i Plecs de Prescripcions Tècniques pels quals s'han de regir els concursos públics de obres. En el present Treball Fi de Grau s'analitzaran les ponderacions dels criteris i valoracions de propostes sotmeses a licitació realitzades pel responsable tècnics del Servei d'Infraestructures de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Aquest tècnic valorarà les propostes presentades a diversos concursos d'obres que en aquest moment té la UPV en licitació. Es compararà el sistema descrit en els Plecs amb l'aplicació del mètode AHP per tal d'analitzar els avantatges i inconvenients que el tècnic descrigui segons la seva experiència. També s'analitzarà la legalitat de l'aplicació d'aquest mètode amb els lletrats del Servei de Contractació de la UPV.

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en diseñar el método que permita a los técnicos de la Administración una adecuada aplicación del Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) con el fin de seleccionar al adjudicatario entre los diferentes licitadores presentados a un concurso público de Obras. Mediante el método propuesto, se pretende mejorar el fundamento matemático para ponderar los criterios y valorar las propuestas respecto a esos criterios, que se especifican en los Pliego de Cláusulas Administrativas Particulares y Pliegos de Prescripciones Técnicas por los que se han de regir los concursos públicos de obras. En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado se analizarán las ponderaciones de los criterios y valoraciones de propuestas sometidas a licitación realizadas por el responsable técnicos del Servicio de Infraestructuras de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Este técnico valorará las propuestas presentadas a varios concursos de obras que en este momento tiene la UPV en licitación. Se comparará el sistema descrito en los Pliegos con la aplicación del método AHP con el fin de analizar las ventajas e inconvenientes que el técnico describa según su experiencia. También se analizará la legalidad de la aplicación de este método con los letrados del Servicio de Contratación de la UPV., The objective of this work is to design a multi-criteria decision-making support method that allows the technicians of the Administration an adequate application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to select the successful bidder among the different bidders submitted to a Public Bid for Works. Through the proposed method, it is intended to improve the mathematical basis to weigh the criteria and evaluate the proposals regarding these criteria, which are specified in the Specific Administrative Terms and Conditions and Technical Specifications for which the public tenders of works. In the present End of Degree Project, the weightings of the criteria and valuations of proposals submitted to bidding will be analyzed by the technician in charge of the Infrastructure Service of the Universitat Politècnica de València. This technician will evaluate the proposals submitted to several works contests that the UPV is currently bidding on. The system described in the Tender Documents will be compared with the application of the AHP method in order to analyze the advantages and disadvantages that the technician describes according to his experience. The legality of the application of this method will also be analyzed with the lawyers of the UPV Contract Service., L'objectiu d'aquest treball consisteix a dissenyar el mètode que permeti als tècnics de l'Administració una adequada aplicació del Procés Analític Jeràrquic (AHP) amb la finalitat de seleccionar a l'adjudicatari entre els diferents licitadors presentats a un concurs públic d'obres. Mitjançant el mètode proposat, es pretén millorar el fonament matemàtic per ponderar els criteris i valorar les propostes que fa a aquests criteris, que s'especifiquen en els Plec de Clàusules Administratives Particulars i Plecs de Prescripcions Tècniques pels quals s'han de regir els concursos públics de obres. En el present Treball Fi de Grau s'analitzaran les ponderacions dels criteris i valoracions de propostes sotmeses a licitació realitzades pel responsable tècnics del Servei d'Infraestructures de la Universitat Politècnica de València. Aquest tècnic valorarà les propostes presentades a diversos concursos d'obres que en aquest moment té la UPV en licitació. Es compararà el sistema descrit en els Plecs amb l'aplicació del mètode AHP per tal d'analitzar els avantatges i inconvenients que el tècnic descrigui segons la seva experiència. També s'analitzarà la legalitat de l'aplicació d'aquest mètode amb els lletrats del Servei de Contractació de la UPV.

Todas las empresas se crean con un fin, unos objetivos que conseguir o unas metas que alcanzar, pero la ilusión con la que se empieza un proyecto no basta para que éste llegue a puerto firme. Lo primero que tiene que hacer un empresario es saber qué va a ofrecer a sus clientes, dónde se va a instalar, cuál es su competencia inmediata y qué va a diferenciar a su empresa del resto, en definitiva, el primer paso antes de abrir un negocio es hacer un estudio de mercado para garantizarnos que el proyecto es viable, pero esto no es suficiente, comienza el trabajo diario, hay que saber hacia dónde dirigirse, cuál es la posición de la empresa dentro de su sector, cuáles son sus principales fortalezas y debilidades, cuáles son las pautas que sigue para conseguir sus objetivos, cuáles son sus estrategias para enfrentarse a situaciones de riesgo, en resumen, el siguiente paso sería elaborar, poner en práctica y revisar un plan estratégico. Como comenta Sainz, J.M.(2009)1 al hablar del plan estratégico de la empresa, nos estamos refiriendo al plan maestro en el que la alta dirección recoge las decisiones estratégicas corporativas que ha adoptado en el momento que realiza la reflexión estratégica con su equipo de dirección, en referencia a lo que hará en los próximos 3 años, para lograr una empresa competitiva que le permita satisfacer las expectativas de sus diferentes grupos de interés. Dicho de una forma más directa por Dess y Lumpkin (2003) “entendemos por plan estratégico el conjunto de análisis, decisiones y acciones que una organización lleva a cabo para crear y mantener ventajas comparativas sostenibles a lo largo del tiempo.” Son cada vez más las empresas que ponen los medios para no dejar su trayectoria en manos del destino, con el paso de los años se ha demostrado que las claves para estar cerca del éxito, tanto a nivel de negocios como a nivel personal, se basan en una buena planificación. Con todo esto no nos garantizamos no afrontar situaciones complicadas para la

This document describes the strategy the Defense Biometric and Forensic Office (DBFO) will pursue to identify and assess research, development, test and evaluation (RDT&E) projects. The DBFO created this strategy from guidance published in the Department of Defense (DoD) Research and Engineering Strategy and the realignment of its higher headquarters from Rapid Fielding to Emerging Capability & Prototyping (EC&P). The goal of this strategy is to guide the development and promulgation of a forthcoming biometric and forensic RDT&E project plan and investment strategy that this office will use to inform its investment decisions in the future. This strategy will also serve as one of the DBFO s mechanisms to inform the DoD biometric and forensic communities on this office s shift from addressing current threats to responding to emerging threats., Prepared in cooperation with the Defense Forensics and Biometrics Agency, Defense Cyber Crime Center and other DoD organizations. The original document contains color images.

Although the need for change was recognized a couple of decades ago, the construction industry is still struggling with its productivity development and customer satisfaction. Usually, construction improvement initiatives focus on developing practices related to project management and delivery processes. However, this study views the general underperformance of the industry from the perspective of how the construction business is managed and conceptualized in practice. The objective of this thesis is to understand the role of business models in construction business management. This objective is pursued by addressing specific research questions in four individual publications, two of which contribute to the research objective from a more conceptual and two from a more empirical viewpoint. The exploratory study follows the qualitative research tradition and exploits the case study approach. The primary method for data collection has been interviews. This study demonstrates the applicability of the business model concept to the analysis and development of the construction business. However, its use requires a comprehensive understanding of the concept and proper alignment of its elements in practice. The results of this study indicate that the current business models of construction companies are too similar to enable value-based competition. Indeed, the conventional business models neglect the customer perspective and thus revolve around internal efficiency rather than customer value creation. Consequently, construction businesses are usually managed on a project-by-project basis without the governing effect of specific customer-oriented business models and a clear long-term vision or business purpose that would go beyond the objectives of growing and surviving. A better understanding of business models provides a starting point for managers to reform the construction business and the whole industry. Explicitly defined business models provide a foundation fo, Tiivistelmä Rakennusalalla on edelleen vaikeuksia tuottavuuden kehittämisen ja asiakastyytyväisyyden parantamisessa, vaikka tarve muutokseen tunnistettiin jo pari vuosikymmentä sitten. Yleensä alan kehityshankkeet kohdistuvat projektien johtamiseen ja projektitoimituksiin liittyviin käytäntöihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa rakennusalan yleisesti heikkoa suorituskykyä tarkastellaan kuitenkin liikkeenjohdon näkökulmasta eli miten rakennusyrityksiä johdetaan ja miten liiketoiminta käsitteellistetään käytännössä. Väitöskirjan tavoitteena on ymmärtää liiketoimintamallien roolia rakennusliiketoiminnan johtamisessa. Tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi vastataan neljään tutkimuskysymykseen erillisten osajulkaisujen avulla. Kaksi näistä julkaisuista edistää ymmärrystä liiketoimintamallien roolista enemmän käsitteellisestä näkökulmasta ja kahdessa korostuu empiirinen näkökulma. Tutkimus on toteutettu laadullisena tutkimuksena, jossa hyödynnetään tapaustutkimusta. Aineistonkeruu on pääosin tehty haastatteluin. Tämän tutkimuksen mukaan liiketoimintamallikonsepti soveltuu myös rakennusliiketoiminnan analysointiin ja kehittämiseen. Tämä kuitenkin edellyttää liiketoimintamallikonseptin laaja-alaista ymmärrystä ja sen elementtien asianmukaista yhteensovittamista myös käytännössä. Tutkimustuloksista voidaan päätellä, että nykyiset liiketoimintamallit, joiden mukaan rakennusyritykset toimivat, ovat liian samankaltaisia soveltuakseen arvoperusteiseen kilpailuun. Nämä tavanomaiset liiketoimintamallit eivät sisällä asiakasnäkökulmaa ja täten ne keskittyvät etupäässä sisäiseen tehokkuuteen asiakasarvon tuottamisen sijasta. Näin ollen rakennusliiketoimintaa johdetaan yleensä projektiperusteisesti ilman, että päätöksentekoa ohjaisi määritellyt asiakassuuntautuneet liiketoimintamallit, selkeä pitkäntähtäimen visio tai kasvu- ja eloonjäämistavoitteita pidemmälle asetettu päämäärä. Liiketoimintamallien parempi ymmärrys antaa lähtökohdan rakennusliiketoiminnan ja koko alan uudistamiseen. Selkeästi määritellyt