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Det här examensarbetet har utförts på förmonteringen för hytter hos Volvo CE i Hallsberg som tillverkar hytter, bränsletankar och hydraultankar för anläggningsfordon. Syftet var att konstruera en modell/verktyg som visualiserar arbetsbelastningen i förmonteringen av hytter med avseende på produktmix. Idag använder Volvo CE historiska data för att planera och bemanna stationerna på förmonteringen. Kundspecifika tillval, fortsättningsvis benämnt som options, möter utmaningar eftersom verkliga tillverkningstider och efterfrågan på options inte är detsamma som den historiska data. Sambandet mellan variationen av options som beställs och bemanningen av arbetsstationer skapar utmaningar i att analysera och hantera arbetsbelastningen effektivt. Det har skapat osäkerhet kring bemanningen av stationerna med rätt antal operatörer, vilket ofta är baserat på operatörernas känsla av vad som krävs. Som en effekt av denna osäkerhet tenderar operatörerna att bli stressade och därmed överproducera, vilket i sin tur skapar okontrollerade buffertar och transporter. Av denna anledning önskar Volvo CE en modell som visualiserar arbetsbelastningen i förmonteringen med avseende på produktmixen. För det här examensarbete har det 7+1 slöserierna och dragande flöde använts som teoretiskt ramverk. Den resulterande modellen konstruerades som en Excel-fil och visualiserar arbetsbelastningen på två sätt. Det första sättet är på lagnivå och det andra är supply area, vilket är en annan benämning för stationer. Båda visar arbetsbelastningen i timmar över en arbetsvecka, det vill säga måndag till fredag. Input till modellen görs manuellt och baseras på data som exporteras från affärssystemet SAP. Modellen som konstruerades kan vara till stor nytta för lagledarna och avdelningen produktionsteknik, eftersom den kan vara underlag för framtida resurseffektivisering samt skapa en hållbarare arbetsmiljö för operatörerna. Det noterades att endast 60% av options från SAP fanns med i Excel-arket Grunddata, v, This thesis has been carried out at Volvo CE in Hallsberg, where they manufacture cabins, hydraulic and fuel tanks for construction vehicles. The purpose of the thesis was to design a model/tool that visualizes the workload in the pre-assembly of cabins with respect to the variety of products. Volvo CE currently uses historical data to plan and staff the pre-assembly. Customer-specific customizations, hereafter referred to as options, face challenges since actual manufacturing times and demand for options are not the same as historical data. The connection between the variation of ordered options and staffing of workstations also creates challenges in analyzing and managing the workload effectively. This has led to uncertainty regarding the staffing of the stations with the correct number of operators and is often based on the operator’s intuition of what’s needed. As a result of this uncertainty, operators tend to become stressed and thus overproduce, which in turn creates uncontrolled buffers and transports. Because of this, Volvo CE wants a model that visualizes the workload in pre-assembly with respect to the variety of products. For this thesis, the 7+1 wastes and pull flow, which belong to the theoretical philosophy of LEAN, have been used. The finished model, implemented as an Excel file, visualizes the workload in two different ways. The first way is at the team level and the second is at the supply area level, which is another description of workstations. Both ways show the workload in hours over a workweek, which is Monday to Friday. The Input is done manually and is based on data exported from the SAP business system. The model constructed in this thesis can be of great benefit to team leaders and production engineers as it can serve as a basis for future improvement work, but above all, to create a more sustainable working environment for operators. It was observed that just 60% of options from SAP were included in the Grunddata, which implies there is a

Det här examensarbetet har utförts på förmonteringen för hytter hos Volvo CE i Hallsberg som tillverkar hytter, bränsletankar och hydraultankar för anläggningsfordon. Syftet var att konstruera en modell/verktyg som visualiserar arbetsbelastningen i förmonteringen av hytter med avseende på produktmix. Idag använder Volvo CE historiska data för att planera och bemanna stationerna på förmonteringen. Kundspecifika tillval, fortsättningsvis benämnt som options, möter utmaningar eftersom verkliga tillverkningstider och efterfrågan på options inte är detsamma som den historiska data. Sambandet mellan variationen av options som beställs och bemanningen av arbetsstationer skapar utmaningar i att analysera och hantera arbetsbelastningen effektivt. Det har skapat osäkerhet kring bemanningen av stationerna med rätt antal operatörer, vilket ofta är baserat på operatörernas känsla av vad som krävs. Som en effekt av denna osäkerhet tenderar operatörerna att bli stressade och därmed överproducera, vilket i sin tur skapar okontrollerade buffertar och transporter. Av denna anledning önskar Volvo CE en modell som visualiserar arbetsbelastningen i förmonteringen med avseende på produktmixen. För det här examensarbete har det 7+1 slöserierna och dragande flöde använts som teoretiskt ramverk. Den resulterande modellen konstruerades som en Excel-fil och visualiserar arbetsbelastningen på två sätt. Det första sättet är på lagnivå och det andra är supply area, vilket är en annan benämning för stationer. Båda visar arbetsbelastningen i timmar över en arbetsvecka, det vill säga måndag till fredag. Input till modellen görs manuellt och baseras på data som exporteras från affärssystemet SAP. Modellen som konstruerades kan vara till stor nytta för lagledarna och avdelningen produktionsteknik, eftersom den kan vara underlag för framtida resurseffektivisering samt skapa en hållbarare arbetsmiljö för operatörerna. Det noterades att endast 60% av options från SAP fanns med i Excel-arket Grunddata, v, This thesis has been carried out at Volvo CE in Hallsberg, where they manufacture cabins, hydraulic and fuel tanks for construction vehicles. The purpose of the thesis was to design a model/tool that visualizes the workload in the pre-assembly of cabins with respect to the variety of products. Volvo CE currently uses historical data to plan and staff the pre-assembly. Customer-specific customizations, hereafter referred to as options, face challenges since actual manufacturing times and demand for options are not the same as historical data. The connection between the variation of ordered options and staffing of workstations also creates challenges in analyzing and managing the workload effectively. This has led to uncertainty regarding the staffing of the stations with the correct number of operators and is often based on the operator’s intuition of what’s needed. As a result of this uncertainty, operators tend to become stressed and thus overproduce, which in turn creates uncontrolled buffers and transports. Because of this, Volvo CE wants a model that visualizes the workload in pre-assembly with respect to the variety of products. For this thesis, the 7+1 wastes and pull flow, which belong to the theoretical philosophy of LEAN, have been used. The finished model, implemented as an Excel file, visualizes the workload in two different ways. The first way is at the team level and the second is at the supply area level, which is another description of workstations. Both ways show the workload in hours over a workweek, which is Monday to Friday. The Input is done manually and is based on data exported from the SAP business system. The model constructed in this thesis can be of great benefit to team leaders and production engineers as it can serve as a basis for future improvement work, but above all, to create a more sustainable working environment for operators. It was observed that just 60% of options from SAP were included in the Grunddata, which implies there is a

Den globala modeindustrin är idag en av de mest konkurrenskraftiga branscherna i världen där särskilt premiumsegmentet har haft stor tillväxt på senare tid. I takt med att det regelbundet tillkommer nya företag på marknaden är det svårt för företag att särskilja sig från sina konkurrenter. Premiumvarumärken inkluderar exklusivitet men grundar sig desto mer i ett känslomässigt engagemang från kunderna. Med detta i beaktning är premiumvarumärken i särskilt behov av att lyfta fram sina betydande egenskaper och bygga starka varumärken. Modevarumärken inom premiumsegmentet är mindre beforskat i jämförelse med de andra segment, vilket belyser relevansen av denna studie. Således var syftet med denna studie att identifiera hur modeföretag inom premiumsegmentet på den skandinaviska modemarknaden arbetar med varumärkesbyggande, avseende varumärkesidentitet och produktmix. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från två huvudområden: varumärkesidentitet och produktmix och nyttjades för att få en grundläggande förståelse för studiens forskningsområde. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte och dess frågeställningar nyttjades en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med utgångspunkt i fem stycken intervjuer med skandinaviska modevarumärken. Intervjuerna var av strukturerad och semistrukturerad karaktär och genomfördes genom onlinemöten och mail. Resultatet visar att varumärkesidentitet är särskilt centralt för modevarumärken inom premiumsegmentet med hänsyn till att den bör genomsyra alla delar i varumärket såsom produkter, pris, distribution och service. Produkten verkar vara särskilt betydelsefull för hur identiteten ska kommuniceras. Likväl är produkten extra viktig för modevarumärken inom premiumsegmentet med hänsyn till att de har ett högre pris och därmed större förväntningar på dess värde. I studien framgår det även att distribution är särskilt utmärkande då många var överens om att det fanns en strävan efter att befinna sig tillsammans med andra lyxiga varumärken. Slutligen visar resultat, The fashion industry is today one of the most competitive industries in the world where especially the premium segment have had a significant growth recently. As new companies regularly enter the market, it is difficult for companies to separate themselves from their competitors. Premium brands include exclusivity and are based on an emotional interest from customers. With this in mind, premium brands are in particular need to highlight their significant attributes and build strong brands. Fashion brands within the premium segment are less researched in comparison to the other segments, which highlights the relevance of this study. Accordingly the purpose of this study was to identify how fashion companies within the premium segment of the Scandinavian fashion market work with branding, regarding brand identity and product mix. The theoretical framework of this study is based on two main areas: brand identity and product mix and was used to gain a fundamental understanding of the research area. In order to be able to answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative research method was used based on five interviews with Scandinavian fashion brands. The interviews were of a structured and semi-structured quality and were conducted through online meetings and email. The result shows that brand identity is particularly central for fashion brands in the premium segment, considering that it should permeate all parts of the brand such as products, price, distribution and service. The product seems to be particularly important for how the identity is communicated. Nevertheless, the product is especially important for fashion brands in the premium segment, considering that they have a higher price and therefore bigger expectations of its value. In the study, it also appears that distribution is particularly distinctive as many agreed that there was an aspiration to be together with other luxury brands. Finally, the result shows that the brand identity and product mix should be

Den globala modeindustrin är idag en av de mest konkurrenskraftiga branscherna i världen där särskilt premiumsegmentet har haft stor tillväxt på senare tid. I takt med att det regelbundet tillkommer nya företag på marknaden är det svårt för företag att särskilja sig från sina konkurrenter. Premiumvarumärken inkluderar exklusivitet men grundar sig desto mer i ett känslomässigt engagemang från kunderna. Med detta i beaktning är premiumvarumärken i särskilt behov av att lyfta fram sina betydande egenskaper och bygga starka varumärken. Modevarumärken inom premiumsegmentet är mindre beforskat i jämförelse med de andra segment, vilket belyser relevansen av denna studie. Således var syftet med denna studie att identifiera hur modeföretag inom premiumsegmentet på den skandinaviska modemarknaden arbetar med varumärkesbyggande, avseende varumärkesidentitet och produktmix. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgår från två huvudområden: varumärkesidentitet och produktmix och nyttjades för att få en grundläggande förståelse för studiens forskningsområde. För att kunna besvara studiens syfte och dess frågeställningar nyttjades en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med utgångspunkt i fem stycken intervjuer med skandinaviska modevarumärken. Intervjuerna var av strukturerad och semistrukturerad karaktär och genomfördes genom onlinemöten och mail. Resultatet visar att varumärkesidentitet är särskilt centralt för modevarumärken inom premiumsegmentet med hänsyn till att den bör genomsyra alla delar i varumärket såsom produkter, pris, distribution och service. Produkten verkar vara särskilt betydelsefull för hur identiteten ska kommuniceras. Likväl är produkten extra viktig för modevarumärken inom premiumsegmentet med hänsyn till att de har ett högre pris och därmed större förväntningar på dess värde. I studien framgår det även att distribution är särskilt utmärkande då många var överens om att det fanns en strävan efter att befinna sig tillsammans med andra lyxiga varumärken. Slutligen visar resultat, The fashion industry is today one of the most competitive industries in the world where especially the premium segment have had a significant growth recently. As new companies regularly enter the market, it is difficult for companies to separate themselves from their competitors. Premium brands include exclusivity and are based on an emotional interest from customers. With this in mind, premium brands are in particular need to highlight their significant attributes and build strong brands. Fashion brands within the premium segment are less researched in comparison to the other segments, which highlights the relevance of this study. Accordingly the purpose of this study was to identify how fashion companies within the premium segment of the Scandinavian fashion market work with branding, regarding brand identity and product mix. The theoretical framework of this study is based on two main areas: brand identity and product mix and was used to gain a fundamental understanding of the research area. In order to be able to answer the purpose of the study, a qualitative research method was used based on five interviews with Scandinavian fashion brands. The interviews were of a structured and semi-structured quality and were conducted through online meetings and email. The result shows that brand identity is particularly central for fashion brands in the premium segment, considering that it should permeate all parts of the brand such as products, price, distribution and service. The product seems to be particularly important for how the identity is communicated. Nevertheless, the product is especially important for fashion brands in the premium segment, considering that they have a higher price and therefore bigger expectations of its value. In the study, it also appears that distribution is particularly distinctive as many agreed that there was an aspiration to be together with other luxury brands. Finally, the result shows that the brand identity and product mix should be

The aim of this study is to investigate the optimisation of production planning- and scheduling in a pharmaceutical facility using DES.Research questions: “How can DES be used to achieve flexibility and efficiency in a pharmaceutical facility?” and “How can DES be used to increase efficiency of the resource allocation in a pharmaceutical facility?”Methodology: This study has been compared to a deductive- and a quantitative research approach where a process simulation has been modelled. The theoretical framework was based on books and scientific publications. Empirical data was collected through unstructured observations at the production site, frequent meetings together with the company and through the company’s database Discoverant. Based on the results from the simulation model conclusions could be drawn.Conclusion: The study concluded that there are bottlenecks at the beginning of the processes in all three production flows for Medicine A, Medicine B and Medicine C. If these are raised it would generate greater flexibility and efficiency in the production. There were also indications of a new allocation of resources that would raise efficiency in the production, thus making it possible to increase the output from the production., Syftet med studien är att undersöka optimering av produktionsplanering- och schemaläggning inom en läkemedelsproduktion med användning av DES.Frågeställningar: ”Hur kan DES användas för att uppnå flexibilitet och effektivitet i en läkemedelsproiduktion?” och ”Hur kan DES användas för att öka effektiviteten kring användandet av resurser i en läkemedelsproduktion?”Metod: Denna studie har liknats vid en deduktiv- och en kvantitativ forskningsansats där en processimulering utformats. Den teoretiska referensramen baserades på böcker och vetenskapliga publikationer. Empirisk data samlades in genom ostrukturerade observationer i produktionen, regelbundna möten tillsammans med företaget och genom företagets databas Discoverant. Baserat på resultaten från simuleringsmodellen kunde slutsatser dras.Slutsats: Studiens slutsats landade i att det finns flaskhalsar i början av alla tre produktionsflöden för Medicin A, Medicin B och Medicin C. Om dessa kan höjas skulle det generera en högre flexibilitet och effektivitet i produktionen. Det finns också tecken som visar på att en ny resursfördelning hade höjt effektiviteten i produktionen, därmed gjort det möjligt att producera mer produkter.

The aim of this study is to investigate the optimisation of production planning- and scheduling in a pharmaceutical facility using DES.Research questions: “How can DES be used to achieve flexibility and efficiency in a pharmaceutical facility?” and “How can DES be used to increase efficiency of the resource allocation in a pharmaceutical facility?”Methodology: This study has been compared to a deductive- and a quantitative research approach where a process simulation has been modelled. The theoretical framework was based on books and scientific publications. Empirical data was collected through unstructured observations at the production site, frequent meetings together with the company and through the company’s database Discoverant. Based on the results from the simulation model conclusions could be drawn.Conclusion: The study concluded that there are bottlenecks at the beginning of the processes in all three production flows for Medicine A, Medicine B and Medicine C. If these are raised it would generate greater flexibility and efficiency in the production. There were also indications of a new allocation of resources that would raise efficiency in the production, thus making it possible to increase the output from the production., Syftet med studien är att undersöka optimering av produktionsplanering- och schemaläggning inom en läkemedelsproduktion med användning av DES.Frågeställningar: ”Hur kan DES användas för att uppnå flexibilitet och effektivitet i en läkemedelsproiduktion?” och ”Hur kan DES användas för att öka effektiviteten kring användandet av resurser i en läkemedelsproduktion?”Metod: Denna studie har liknats vid en deduktiv- och en kvantitativ forskningsansats där en processimulering utformats. Den teoretiska referensramen baserades på böcker och vetenskapliga publikationer. Empirisk data samlades in genom ostrukturerade observationer i produktionen, regelbundna möten tillsammans med företaget och genom företagets databas Discoverant. Baserat på resultaten från simuleringsmodellen kunde slutsatser dras.Slutsats: Studiens slutsats landade i att det finns flaskhalsar i början av alla tre produktionsflöden för Medicin A, Medicin B och Medicin C. Om dessa kan höjas skulle det generera en högre flexibilitet och effektivitet i produktionen. Det finns också tecken som visar på att en ny resursfördelning hade höjt effektiviteten i produktionen, därmed gjort det möjligt att producera mer produkter.

Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na potravinářský průmysl a trend zdravého životního stylu. Cílem práce je analyzovat konkurenční prostředí v odvětví zdravé výživy v České republice. Charakterizovat tyto produkty s ohledem na složení a zdravotní certifikace, a zjistit jejich vnímání mezi českými spotřebiteli. V závěru práce je shrnuto vnímání zdravého životního stylu mezi českými spotřebiteli a analýza konkurenčního prostředí v oblasti zdravé výživy v České republice., The bachelor thesis focuses on the food industry and the trend of a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this work is to analyse the competitive environment in the field of healthy nutrition in the Czech Republic, characterize these products regarding composition and health certification and find out their perception among Czech consumers. The conclusion summarizes the perception of a healthy lifestyle among Czech consumers and an analysis of the competitive environment in the field of healthy nutrition in the Czech Republic., Fakulta ekonomicko-správní, Studentka přednesla téma své BP Potravinářský průmysl a trend zdravého životního stylu, otázky vedoucího BP: 1. Jako jednu ze strategií vyplývajících ze SWOT analýzy navrhujete diverzifikovat dodavatele obilovin kvůli současné rusko-ukrajinské válce, jaké další regiony produkují významné množství obilovin a na který byste doporučila, aby se společnost Nestlé zaměřila (zvažte např. cenová a distribuční hlediska) 2. Společnost Nestlé se rozhodla, na rozdíl od jiných globálních společností, pouze omezit své obchodní aktivity v Ruské federaci, jaký dopad toto rozhodnutí mělo (popř. ještě může mít) na image Nestlé? Otázky a náměty z obhajoby: Kdo jsou největší exportéři obilovin? Studentka otázky zodpověděla., Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobou

[EN] Competition among companies is growing globally, with the need to increase productivity and efficiency in the product sector. However, there is also a growing concern about global warming and the depletion of natural resources, as well as their effects on human health. In this context, all human activities that involve intense usage of resources must take into account sustainability as one of the decision criteria. This work presents the application of decision-making methods to define the best product mix in the agricultural machinery industry. With this objective, the current schedule of the production line was identified, along with the production flow, by performing an inventory analysis and an environmental impact study (endpoint). A total of seven alternatives for the production mix of grain trailers were defined, considering different materials and production processes. The selection of the best schedule according to the different criteria was performed through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the managerial implications for decision making. The results obtained through AHP identified a single alternative as being the best, which facilitates the decision making. The DEA method identified two alternatives as the most efficient, and in this case the manager can choose between a product mix that generates lesser environmental impact or greater profitability. Although applied to agricultural industry, the presented methodology can be easily adapted to other activities related to the built environment, such as construction industry.

[EN] Competition among companies is growing globally, with the need to increase productivity and efficiency in the product sector. However, there is also a growing concern about global warming and the depletion of natural resources, as well as their effects on human health. In this context, all human activities that involve intense usage of resources must take into account sustainability as one of the decision criteria. This work presents the application of decision-making methods to define the best product mix in the agricultural machinery industry. With this objective, the current schedule of the production line was identified, along with the production flow, by performing an inventory analysis and an environmental impact study (endpoint). A total of seven alternatives for the production mix of grain trailers were defined, considering different materials and production processes. The selection of the best schedule according to the different criteria was performed through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate the managerial implications for decision making. The results obtained through AHP identified a single alternative as being the best, which facilitates the decision making. The DEA method identified two alternatives as the most efficient, and in this case the manager can choose between a product mix that generates lesser environmental impact or greater profitability. Although applied to agricultural industry, the presented methodology can be easily adapted to other activities related to the built environment, such as construction industry.

This study examines resource reallocation within firms by investigating how firms change their product portfolios in response to a fall in trade costs. Using Korean firm-product data, we show that firms experiencing large tariff reductions under the Korea-US free trade agreement are more likely to shrink their product scope. They not only decrease the number of products but also specialize their production in specific products. Furthermore, we show that those specific products are relatively more productive than others within firm by estimating a firm-product efficiency. Dropped and added products tend to be less efficient than incumbent products. However, given the sharp increase in added products’ efficiencies after they enter, the above result may not indicate the low efficiency of new products, but rather the time needed to become organized and profitable. After considering the production distributions of incumbent products within firms, this study finds that firms tend to increase the proportion of efficient products in response to tariff reductions. In other words, firms allocate resources from less efficient products to more efficient ones.

Работа посвящена построению дескриптивно-оптимизационной модели управления промышленным предприятием в условиях среднесрочного планирования. Результаты приводятся для предприятий, применяющих попередельный метод калькуляции себестоимости продукции. В отличие от стационарной модели [2] горизонт планирования значительно превышает продолжительность производственного цикла, что обуславливает необходимость дополнительной оптимизации целевого функционала. В новых условиях линейность функционала прибыли относительно сортамента выпуска сохраняется. we suggest a descriptive and optimization model of medium-term planning and decision-making at an industrial enterprise. This model is studied for an enterprise employing processing method of coast accounting. In contrast to the steady-state model [2] planning horizon greatly exceeds the duration of the production cycle, that optimization of profit functional is required. At new terms, we establish that profit functional is linear with respect to the product mix.

We contribute to the yet limited evidence on the relationship between trade liberalisation and a firm’s product mix and diversification strategies for an emerging economy, Turkey. Lower import barriers foster firms’ specialisation in their core products. A drop in import tariffs, indeed, enhances a firm’s propensity to drop fringe varieties and favours production growth of core products. More importantly, it favours firms’ specialisation in more sophisticated goods. Export tariff cuts, instead, by relaxing competitive pressure at home and lowering the cost to export, only reduce the firms’ incentive to innovate.

In this dissertation, I present three essays that consider the environmental consequences of technological change, from an international perspective. The first two chapters use firm-level production data to estimate the response of CO2 emission intensity to changes in competition in foreign markets. The first chapter estimates this response with respect to foreign demand shocks, i.e., a positive shock to exports. The second chapter exploits a specific liberalization episode to estimate the impact with respect to foreign competition shocks, i.e., a negative shock to exports. Both papers are co-authored with Helene Ollivier. The final chapter analyzes the decision to adopt genetically engineered seeds in different countries around the world, and the attendant impacts on supply and land-use. This last chapter is co-authored with David Zilberman and Steven Sexton and was previously published in Environment and Development Economics.The first chapter investigates the impact of exporting on the CO2 emission intensity of manufacturing firms in India. Recent papers have argued that export market access encourages firms to upgrade technology, which lowers the emission intensity of production; however, data limitations confound previous attempts to separately identify productivity impacts from simultaneous changes in prices and product-mix. We present a model of how these alternative channels could also explain the results documented in the literature. Then, using a highly detailed production dataset of large Indian manufacturing firms that contains information on physical units of inputs and outputs by product, we are able to decompose the overall firm impact into three components -- prices, product-mix, and technology. Export impacts at the firm level are identified from import demand shocks of foreign trading partners. We find that prices systematically bias down estimates of emission intensity in value, that firms adjust emission intensity in quantity through changing out

In this dissertation, I present three essays that consider the environmental consequences of technological change, from an international perspective. The first two chapters use firm-level production data to estimate the response of CO2 emission intensity to changes in competition in foreign markets. The first chapter estimates this response with respect to foreign demand shocks, i.e., a positive shock to exports. The second chapter exploits a specific liberalization episode to estimate the impact with respect to foreign competition shocks, i.e., a negative shock to exports. Both papers are co-authored with Helene Ollivier. The final chapter analyzes the decision to adopt genetically engineered seeds in different countries around the world, and the attendant impacts on supply and land-use. This last chapter is co-authored with David Zilberman and Steven Sexton and was previously published in Environment and Development Economics.The first chapter investigates the impact of exporting on the CO2 emission intensity of manufacturing firms in India. Recent papers have argued that export market access encourages firms to upgrade technology, which lowers the emission intensity of production; however, data limitations confound previous attempts to separately identify productivity impacts from simultaneous changes in prices and product-mix. We present a model of how these alternative channels could also explain the results documented in the literature. Then, using a highly detailed production dataset of large Indian manufacturing firms that contains information on physical units of inputs and outputs by product, we are able to decompose the overall firm impact into three components -- prices, product-mix, and technology. Export impacts at the firm level are identified from import demand shocks of foreign trading partners. We find that prices systematically bias down estimates of emission intensity in value, that firms adjust emission intensity in quantity through changing out

This paper demonstrates the use of linear programming methods as applicable in the manufacturing industry. Data were collected as extracts from the records of Bajabure Industrial Complex (Nima Foam), Yola, Nigeria, on five types of sales packages adopted for selling their foam product which includes 15 density, 18 density, 20 density, 25 density and 29 density. Information on selling price and the cost of basic raw materials used as well as quantity of each of the raw material held in stock per month for the production of the foam were available in the records of the company. Based on the costs of raw materials, the maximum profit that would accrue to the company given the product mix was determined. The results showed that the company would attain optimal monthly profit level of about #524,369 if she concentrates mainly on the unit sales of her foam product, ignoring other forms sales packages. The analysis was carried out with R statistical package using library

This paper demonstrates the use of linear programming methods as applicable in the manufacturing industry. Data were collected as extracts from the records of Bajabure Industrial Complex (Nima Foam), Yola, Nigeria, on five types of sales packages adopted for selling their foam product which includes 15 density, 18 density, 20 density, 25 density and 29 density. Information on selling price and the cost of basic raw materials used as well as quantity of each of the raw material held in stock per month for the production of the foam were available in the records of the company. Based on the costs of raw materials, the maximum profit that would accrue to the company given the product mix was determined. The results showed that the company would attain optimal monthly profit level of about #524,369 if she concentrates mainly on the unit sales of her foam product, ignoring other forms sales packages. The analysis was carried out with R statistical package using library

This paper demonstrates the use of linear programming methods as applicable in the manufacturing industry. Data were collected as extracts from the records of Bajabure Industrial Complex (Nima Foam), Yola, Nigeria, on five types of sales packages adopted for selling their foam product which includes 15 density, 18 density, 20 density, 25 density and 29 density. Information on selling price and the cost of basic raw materials used as well as quantity of each of the raw material held in stock per month for the production of the foam were available in the records of the company. Based on the costs of raw materials, the maximum profit that would accrue to the company given the product mix was determined. The results showed that the company would attain optimal monthly profit level of about #524,369 if she concentrates mainly on the unit sales of her foam product, ignoring other forms sales packages. The analysis was carried out with R statistical package using library

Cílem diplomové práce byla analýza produktového mixu ziskové činnosti organizace ALCEDO - středisko volného času Vsetín a vypracování opatření vedoucích k větší ziskovosti pobytových a výukových programů. Na základě vyhodnocení dotazníkového šetření organizace a skupinového rozhovoru byla navržena opatření zaměřená na zefektivnění a zatraktivnění programů pro zákazníky. Hlavní inovací byl nový koncept objednávání programu zákazníkem., The goal of that thesis was an analysis of product mix of profitable operations of non-profit association ALCEDO - leisure centre Vsetín and make provisions for increased profitability of educational and leisure programs. Provisions for bigger efficiency and attractivness of the programs for customers based on results of questionnaire survey and focus group. The most important change was a new concept of program´s ordering by customer., Ve zpracování, Import 21/10/2013

V předkládané bakalářské práci se zaměřuji na marketingový mix společnosti IKEA. Práce je rozdělena do dvou částí, teoretické a praktické. V teoretické části vycházím z odborné literatury a popisuji jednotlivé části marketingového mixu obecně. Do části praktické se snažím aplikovat vlastní poznatky, představuji společnost IKEA, její historii a jednotlivé části marketingového mixu. Součástí praktické části je vyhodnocení dotazníkového šetření, které jsem realizovala u zákazníků IKEA, týkající se jejich pohledu na marketingový mix této společnosti. V závěru práce vyjadřuji svá stanoviska a návrhy k marketingovému mixu společnosti IKEA., In following bachelor thesis I am focusing on a marketing mix of the company IKEA. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical one and the practical one. In theoretical part I result from professional literature and I am describing individual parts of the mix generally. In the practical one, I am trying to apply my own knowledge, I am presenting IKEA company, its history and individual parts of marketing mix. Practical part also contains results from my own research (in a form of asking investigation) carried out by IKEA customers, which involves their view of IKEA marketing mix. In the final part of my thesis I am reflecting my opinions and suggestions about the marketing mix of the IKEA company., Ústav marketingových komunikací, obhájeno

Diplomová práce "Komunikační strategie města Ostravy" představuje úvod do problemati-ky komunikace města. Teoretické základy z oboru marketingových komunikací jsou apli-kované pro potřeby městského marketingu. Autorka se zabývá strategií značky města, iden-titou a image města a možnostmi využití marketingových komunikací v městském marke-tingu. Plánu komunikace předchází analýza marketingového prostředí města Ostrava, roz-bor městského produktového mixu a segmentace obyvatel ČR. Návrh komunikační strate-gie města Ostravy je cílen na širokou veřejnost a aplikuje nástroje reklamy, online public relations a marketingu událostí., "Communicatication strategy of Ostrava city'q is about application of marketing principles to town management. The author is engaged in branding, destination identity and destina-tion image and marketing communication. The market research is necessary for effective communication strategy. That is why author analyses market situation, product mix of Os-trava city and its target groups. The concept of communication strategy is for general pub-lic and uses media of public relations, advertising, and events., Ústav marketingových komunikací, obhájeno

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze what product mix Fujitsu Services AB should focus on in the future. That is if they should focus on service and consulting, or hardware products, or a mix of them both? The following sub-questions have been used to answer the research question.What is the optimal mix between consulting and services, and hardware and where does Fujitsu create the most value? Where is the potential for the future? Where can Fujitsu Services AB generate the most growth? How superior is the current foundation, that the company is building its strategies on and what do they need to add? What are their capabilities and how can they best be explored? Method: This study is a qualitative study with focus on Fujitsu Services AB where data has been collected through interviews with the leadership and management of the company with focus on how the company should carry on its business practices in the future. Result and conclusions: The result from the study is that Fujitsu Services AB should keep a mix between the services, consulting and hardware. I have also come to the conclusion that they can improve in other areas such as its internal communication. Suggestion for future research: Study of the change that the acquisition of Mandator will mean for Fujitsu Services AB Contribution of the thesis: Give an inside look at a high-technology company that is going through changes and is trying to establish its brand and grow in a local and international market

Aim: The aim of the study is to analyze what product mix Fujitsu Services AB should focus on in the future. That is if they should focus on service and consulting, or hardware products, or a mix of them both? The following sub-questions have been used to answer the research question.What is the optimal mix between consulting and services, and hardware and where does Fujitsu create the most value? Where is the potential for the future? Where can Fujitsu Services AB generate the most growth? How superior is the current foundation, that the company is building its strategies on and what do they need to add? What are their capabilities and how can they best be explored? Method: This study is a qualitative study with focus on Fujitsu Services AB where data has been collected through interviews with the leadership and management of the company with focus on how the company should carry on its business practices in the future. Result and conclusions: The result from the study is that Fujitsu Services AB should keep a mix between the services, consulting and hardware. I have also come to the conclusion that they can improve in other areas such as its internal communication. Suggestion for future research: Study of the change that the acquisition of Mandator will mean for Fujitsu Services AB Contribution of the thesis: Give an inside look at a high-technology company that is going through changes and is trying to establish its brand and grow in a local and international market

The Aircraft Availability Model (AAM) assists managers in the selection of an optimal list of items to repair in order to attain the best aircraft availability rate. The model considers procurement or repair costs for the components as if the costs were unit variable as a price, instead of a repair cost representing a mix of both fixed and variable cost. This research used the AAM in conjunction with Activity Based-Costing (ABC) and The Theory of Constraints (TOC) methodologies to investigate the relationships between price, product mix, Aircraft Availability (AA) and total cost. This approach explicitly recognizes that the Air Force Material Command uses its own resources in repairing components, and that it is always operating in a constrained environment in which resources practical capacities are exceeded by requirements that limit the attainable AA. The results of this investigation shows that the choice of the optimal mix of reparable items is sensitive to the pricing method used as well as environmental factors like repair cycle time, fleet size, and the intensity and balanced of shop resource load. In addition, the research found that the performance of the repair center should be evaluated under the metric Aircraft Availability per System Total Cost, following the rationale under the TOC methodology that considers labor costs as operational expenses, fixed in the period, and only raw materials as variable costs., The original document contains color images.