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Pediatric patients with multiple organ failures in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) are at a higher risk of mortality. Assessing the mortality risk when patients are admitted to PICU is important to allocate treatment and care properly. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the PRISM IV score within the first 24 and 72 hours to predict mortality in the PICU. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected to compute the PRISM IV in the first 24 and 72 hours among critically ill pediatric patients in the PICU at H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia, from April 2021 to February 2022. The comparison of the PRISM IV scores and its components within the first 24 and 72 hours was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, Student’s independent t-test or McNemar test. The role of PRISM IV score in predicting mortality was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Out of 35 pediatric patients, 17 (48.6%) of them died. Platelet count (p=0.022), pCO2 (p=0.026), HCO3 (p=0.009), total CO2 (p=0.015), and base excess (p=0.001) were statistically different between 24 and 72 hours groups. The area under curve (AUC) for the first 24 hours using PRISM IV scores was 47.4% with p=0.792 (95%CI, 27.7%–67.1%). Meanwhile, the AUC of 72 hours group was 65.4%, p=0.121 (95%CI, 47.1%–83.6%). This study suggested that PRISM IV scores in the first 24 and 72 hours may not be a reliable screening tool for predicting mortality. However, further studies are suggested to validate these findings.

This research describes mathematical problem-solving abilities based on Polya's steps. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research with data collection techniques: tests, interviews, and documentation. The subjects selected were 6 students based on test results and divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 2 students with high, medium, and low mathematical problem-solving abilities who were then interviewed. The data analysis technique used is the Miles & Huberman model with the following steps: data collection, reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of data analysis show that students' problem-solving abilities are: 1) high category, able to understand the problem, able to plan a solution, able to carry out the solution plan even if there is a slight error in calculations, and able to look back at the results; 2) medium category, able to understand the problem, less able to plan a solution, less able to implement the resolution plan and less able to review the results; 3) low category, less able to understand the problem, unable to plan a solution, unable to implement the resolution plan and unable to look back at the results obtained., Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika berdasarkan langkah Polya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek yang dipilih sebanyak 6 siswa berdasarkan hasil tes dan dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok, setiap kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 2 siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika tinggi, sedang dan rendah untuk kemudian diwawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu model Miles & Hubarman dengan langkah-langkah : pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa: 1) kategori tinggi, mampu dalam memahami masalah, mampu merencanakan penyelesaian, mampu melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian meski terjadi sedikit kesalahan dalam perhitungan, dan mampu melihat kembali hasil; 2) kategori sedang, mampu memahami masalah, kurang mampu dalam merencanakan penyelesaian, kurang mampu dalam melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dan kurang mampu dalam tahap melihat kembali hasil; 3) kategori rendah, kurang mampu memahami masalah, tidak mampu merencanakan penyelesaian, tidak mampu melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dan tidak mampu melihat kembali hasil yang diperoleh.

This research describes mathematical problem-solving abilities based on Polya's steps. This type of research is qualitative descriptive research with data collection techniques: tests, interviews, and documentation. The subjects selected were 6 students based on test results and divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 2 students with high, medium, and low mathematical problem-solving abilities who were then interviewed. The data analysis technique used is the Miles & Huberman model with the following steps: data collection, reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of data analysis show that students' problem-solving abilities are: 1) high category, able to understand the problem, able to plan a solution, able to carry out the solution plan even if there is a slight error in calculations, and able to look back at the results; 2) medium category, able to understand the problem, less able to plan a solution, less able to implement the resolution plan and less able to review the results; 3) low category, less able to understand the problem, unable to plan a solution, unable to implement the resolution plan and unable to look back at the results obtained., Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika berdasarkan langkah Polya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data adalah tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Subjek yang dipilih sebanyak 6 siswa berdasarkan hasil tes dan dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok, setiap kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 2 siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika tinggi, sedang dan rendah untuk kemudian diwawancara. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu model Miles & Hubarman dengan langkah-langkah : pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa: 1) kategori tinggi, mampu dalam memahami masalah, mampu merencanakan penyelesaian, mampu melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian meski terjadi sedikit kesalahan dalam perhitungan, dan mampu melihat kembali hasil; 2) kategori sedang, mampu memahami masalah, kurang mampu dalam merencanakan penyelesaian, kurang mampu dalam melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dan kurang mampu dalam tahap melihat kembali hasil; 3) kategori rendah, kurang mampu memahami masalah, tidak mampu merencanakan penyelesaian, tidak mampu melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian dan tidak mampu melihat kembali hasil yang diperoleh.

This study aims to achieve the following goals: 1- To distinguish between the inelastic responses of buildings under earthquakes with NFGM and FFGM. 2- To inspect the effect of soil shear velocity on the response spectra. Several earthquake events, with different characteristics, are brought from the PEER website for “Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research” and analyzed using PRISM software to achieve these goals. The research found that the acceleration, velocity, and displacement response of the selected near-fault ground motions on the structure has a higher effect than the far- field ground motion response in both types of soils and this difference is displayed more noticeably in long periods (periods after 0.2 sec). And when comparing responses of the two types of soils (the soft soil type and the rock type) it shows that the geological and geotechnical aspects of the soil deposits majorly affect the response spectra of the free field surface motions

Various angle characteristics are used (e.g. in finite element methods or computer graphics) when evaluating the quality of computational meshes which may consist, in the three-dimensional case, of tetrahedra, prisms, hexahedra and pyramids. Thus, it is of interest to derive (preferably tight) bounds for dihedral angle sums, i.e. sums of angles between faces, of such mesh elements. For tetrahedra this task was solved by Gaddum in 1952. For pyramids, this was resolved by Korotov, Lund and Vatne in 2022. In this paper, we compute tight bounds for the remaining two cases, hexahedra and prisms.

Background Whether the metabolic syndrome plays a role for the prognosis of individuals with lung function impairment (preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) or airflow limitation) is unclear. We hypothesised that the metabolic syndrome in individuals with lung function impairment is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Methods The Copenhagen General Population Study was initiated in 2003 based on a random sample of white men and women aged 20–100 years drawn from the Danish general population. The risk of ischemic heart disease/heart failure, respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality was analysed with Cox models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and asthma during 15 years of follow-up. Findings Among 106,845 adults, 86,159 had normal lung function, 6126 had PRISm, and 14,560 had airflow limitation. We observed 10,448 hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 21,140 for respiratory disease, and 11,125 deaths. Individuals with versus individuals without the metabolic syndrome generally had higher 5-year absolute risk of all outcomes, including within those with normal lung function, mild-moderate-severe PRISm, and very mild-mild-moderate-severe airflow limitation alike. Compared to individuals without the metabolic syndrome and with normal lung function, those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe PRISm had hazard ratios of 3.74 (95% CI: 2.53–5.55; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.02 (3.85–6.55; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 5.32 (3.76–7.54; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding hazard ratios in those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe airflow limitation were 2.89 (2.34–3.58; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.98 (5.28–6.78; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 4.16 (3.50–4.95; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The metabolic syndrome explained 13% and 27%, Background: Whether the metabolic syndrome plays a role for the prognosis of individuals with lung function impairment (preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) or airflow limitation) is unclear. We hypothesised that the metabolic syndrome in individuals with lung function impairment is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Methods: The Copenhagen General Population Study was initiated in 2003 based on a random sample of white men and women aged 20–100 years drawn from the Danish general population. The risk of ischemic heart disease/heart failure, respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality was analysed with Cox models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and asthma during 15 years of follow-up. Findings: Among 106,845 adults, 86,159 had normal lung function, 6126 had PRISm, and 14,560 had airflow limitation. We observed 10,448 hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 21,140 for respiratory disease, and 11,125 deaths. Individuals with versus individuals without the metabolic syndrome generally had higher 5-year absolute risk of all outcomes, including within those with normal lung function, mild-moderate-severe PRISm, and very mild-mild-moderate-severe airflow limitation alike. Compared to individuals without the metabolic syndrome and with normal lung function, those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe PRISm had hazard ratios of 3.74 (95% CI: 2.53–5.55; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.02 (3.85–6.55; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 5.32 (3.76–7.54; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding hazard ratios in those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe airflow limitation were 2.89 (2.34–3.58; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.98 (5.28–6.78; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 4.16 (3.50–4.95; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The metabolic syndrome explained 13% and 27% of the influence of PRI

With a starting point of the brutalism return to the foreground of the architecture practice and its positive shift and acknowledgement by users and critics, the essay tries to construct a narrative around the formation of prismatic forms. There is a chance of analysis of a broader group of buildings - works that converge similar traits. This analysis revisits and adds to former essays of this thematic area, which were written in the decade of 1990. The renew aims to indicate fragments that have not presented or have not studied in an adequate degree and also to encapsulate the secrets behind those type of creations. For the holistic study of the topic the narrative searches manifestations of monolithic structures from history, myths and tales, adding a symbolic background to sociopolitical values. Myths assist unravelling the clew of continuity, urges behind the consistent use of prismatic forms through different time periods. There is a tendency of humans to return to more primitive forms, as they encapsulate meaning, so some architectural forms work more as statements, symbols rather than function and space. Symbolism and Monumentality, aligned with the essence of monolithic architecture, indicate an examination of the feeling of uncanny. As a dominant factor of Monolithic architecture, uncanny and its effects on human mind and senses are getting into consideration, through the lance of terms as gothic, terror, sublime. Aspects of uncanny will be the core of discovery and definition of monolithic architecture’s characteristics. Traits as darkness, lack of orientation, continuity of form, insecurity are embedded in the design process or created unconsciously. They provide except for morphology, atmospheres that end up in a design identity, a typology of monolithic architecture. Afterwards a categorization of contemporary examples is discussed, based on their affiliation with exterior and interior form and design. Examples include works, AR2A011, Architectural History Thesis, Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences, Civil Engineering | Transport and Planning

Background: Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) findings are a heterogeneous condition characterized by a normal FEV1 to FVC ratio with underlying impairment of pulmonary function. Data relating to the association of baseline and trajectories of PRISm findings with diverse cardiovascular outcomes are sparse. Research Question: How do baseline and trajectories of PRISm findings impact subsequent cardiovascular events? Study Design and Methods: In the UK Biobank cohort study, we included participants free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with spirometry (FEV1 and FVC values) at baseline (2006-2010). Participants with baseline spirometry and follow-up spirometry (2014-2020) were included in the lung function trajectory analysis. Cox proportional hazards multivariate regression was performed to evaluate the outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), incident myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure (HF), and CVD mortality in association with lung function. Results: For baseline analysis (329,954 participants), the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for participants had PRISm findings (vs normal spirometry findings) were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.17-1.35) for MACE, 1.12 (95% CI, 1.01-1.25) for MI, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.72-2.05) for HF, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.13-1.40) for stroke, and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.37-1.76) for CVD mortality, respectively. A total of 22,781 participants underwent follow-up spirometry after an average of 8.9 years. Trajectory analysis showed that persistent PRISm findings (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.24-3.09) and airflow obstruction (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.00-2.04) was associated with a higher incidence of MACE vs consistently normal lung function. Compared with persistent PRISm findings, changing from PRISm to normal spirometry findings was associated with a lower incidence of MACE (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.99). Interpretation: Individuals with baseline or persistent PRISm findings were at a higher risk of diverse cardiovascular outcomes even after ad

Background Whether the metabolic syndrome plays a role for the prognosis of individuals with lung function impairment (preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) or airflow limitation) is unclear. We hypothesised that the metabolic syndrome in individuals with lung function impairment is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Methods The Copenhagen General Population Study was initiated in 2003 based on a random sample of white men and women aged 20–100 years drawn from the Danish general population. The risk of ischemic heart disease/heart failure, respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality was analysed with Cox models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and asthma during 15 years of follow-up. Findings Among 106,845 adults, 86,159 had normal lung function, 6126 had PRISm, and 14,560 had airflow limitation. We observed 10,448 hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 21,140 for respiratory disease, and 11,125 deaths. Individuals with versus individuals without the metabolic syndrome generally had higher 5-year absolute risk of all outcomes, including within those with normal lung function, mild-moderate-severe PRISm, and very mild-mild-moderate-severe airflow limitation alike. Compared to individuals without the metabolic syndrome and with normal lung function, those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe PRISm had hazard ratios of 3.74 (95% CI: 2.53–5.55; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.02 (3.85–6.55; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 5.32 (3.76–7.54; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding hazard ratios in those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe airflow limitation were 2.89 (2.34–3.58; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.98 (5.28–6.78; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 4.16 (3.50–4.95; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The metabolic syndrome explained 13% and 27%, Background: Whether the metabolic syndrome plays a role for the prognosis of individuals with lung function impairment (preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) or airflow limitation) is unclear. We hypothesised that the metabolic syndrome in individuals with lung function impairment is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Methods: The Copenhagen General Population Study was initiated in 2003 based on a random sample of white men and women aged 20–100 years drawn from the Danish general population. The risk of ischemic heart disease/heart failure, respiratory disease, and all-cause mortality was analysed with Cox models adjusted for age, sex, current smoking, and asthma during 15 years of follow-up. Findings: Among 106,845 adults, 86,159 had normal lung function, 6126 had PRISm, and 14,560 had airflow limitation. We observed 10,448 hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 21,140 for respiratory disease, and 11,125 deaths. Individuals with versus individuals without the metabolic syndrome generally had higher 5-year absolute risk of all outcomes, including within those with normal lung function, mild-moderate-severe PRISm, and very mild-mild-moderate-severe airflow limitation alike. Compared to individuals without the metabolic syndrome and with normal lung function, those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe PRISm had hazard ratios of 3.74 (95% CI: 2.53–5.55; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.02 (3.85–6.55; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 5.32 (3.76–7.54; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding hazard ratios in those with both the metabolic syndrome and severe airflow limitation were 2.89 (2.34–3.58; p < 0.0001) for ischemic heart disease/heart failure, 5.98 (5.28–6.78; p < 0.0001) for respiratory disease, and 4.16 (3.50–4.95; p < 0.0001) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The metabolic syndrome explained 13% and 27% of the influence of PRI

(1) Background: Co-occurrence of mental and substance use disorders (SUD) is prevalent, but complicates their clinical courses, and specific biomarkers are required. Amino acids are altered in primary mental disorders; however, little is known about SUD and psychiatric comorbidity. Because most psychiatric disorders and biomarkers show sex differences, we investigated amino acids in men and women with alcohol and/or cocaine use disorders (AUD and/or CUD) and psychiatric comorbidity. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 295 participants, who were divided into four groups (AUD, n = 60; CUD, n = 41; AUD + CUD, n = 64; and control, n = 130). Participants were clinically assessed, and plasma amino acid concentrations were analyzed in relation to sex, diagnosis of SUD and psychiatric comorbidity (3) Results: In the total sample, there were sex differences, and women showed lower Iso, Leu, Gln and Glu than men. While patients with CUD and AUD + CUD had higher Glu, Gly, Orn and Ser than controls, patients with AUD showed no differences. In SUD, patients with psychiatric comorbidity had lower Orn and higher Ala than non-comorbid patients in the AUD group. (4) Conclusions: There was a dysregulation of plasma amino acids in abstinent patients with SUD. However, our results suggest the importance of considering the clinical characteristics and sex in the validity of amino acids as potential biomarkers for SUD., Comisión Europea, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)/FEDER, Depto. de Medicina, Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Fac. de Farmacia, Fac. de Medicina, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

Background: There are several clinical techniques for the subjective measurement of heterophoria. In South Africa, von Graefe is one of the most commonly used techniques to quantify heterophoria using the phoropter. However, most rural community clinics have trial frames rather than phoropters to perform heterophoria measurements and other clinical tests. Heterophoria or phoria is the misalignment of an eye that occurs when binocular sensory fusion is blocked. The distance heterophoria is determined by the tonic vergence resting state and negative accommodative vergence. In distance vision, normal heterophoria is zero. The tonic vergence resting state is the vergence angle dictated by tonic vergence innervation alone. However, during a near heterophoria test, the vergence angle observed involves multiple innervational factors. Blocking binocular fusion eliminates disparity vergence innervation. Because of the dual interaction, the loss of disparity vergence innervation initiates simultaneous changes of accommodation innervation. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the agreement of von Graefe heterophoria measurement using the phoropter and a trial frame. Setting: The study was conducted at an Optometry Clinic, University of Limpopo, South Africa. Methods: Distance and near horizontal and vertical heterophoria measurements were performed on 88 visually-normal university students using the phoropter and a trial frame. The 95% limits of agreement were compared using the exact Bland-Altman statistical test. To measure the horizontal heterophoria, 12 prism base-in was placed before the right eye and 6 prism base-up before the left eye. The prism in front of the right eye was reduced until the participant reported that the two images were vertically aligned. The vertical heterophoria was measured by reducing the prism in front of the left eye until the participant reported that the two images were horizontally aligned. Zero deviation was recorded as ortho

BackgroundThe Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) was developed in 2008 as a contextually expanded version of the broadly used Reach, Adoption, Effectiveness, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. PRISM provides researchers a pragmatic and intuitive model to improve translation of research interventions into clinical and community practice. Since 2008, the use of PRISM increased across diverse topics, populations, and settings. This citation analysis and scoping systematic review aimed to assess the use of the PRISM framework and to make recommendations for future research.MethodsA literature search was conducted using three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) for the period of 2008 and September 2020. After exclusion, reverse citation searches and invitations to experts in the field were used to identify and obtain recommendations for additional articles not identified in the original search. Studies that integrated PRISM into their study design were selected for full abstraction. Unique research studies were abstracted for information on study characteristics (e.g., setting/population, design), PRISM contextual domains, and RE-AIM outcomes.ResultsA total of 180 articles were identified to include PRISM to some degree. Thirty-two articles representing 23 unique studies integrated PRISM within their study design. Study characteristics varied widely and included studies conducted in diverse contexts, but predominately in high-income countries and in clinical out-patient settings. With regards to use, 19 used PRISM for evaluation, 10 for planning/development, 10 for implementation, four for sustainment, and one for dissemination. There was substantial variation across studies in how and to what degree PRISM contextual domains and RE-AIM outcomes were operationalized and connected. Only two studies directly connected individual PRISM context domains with RE-AIM outcomes, and another four included RE-AIM outcomes withou

Sasaki S.. Determination of complex refractive index using prism composed of absorbing medium. Results in Optics, 8, 100260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2022.100260., In light refraction between two transparent media, Snell's law describes the relationship between the incident angle and refraction angle. The refractive index is usually determined from Snell's law using the minimum deviation angle through a prism. A medium that partially absorbs light has complex permittivity (or permeability), and its refractive index has an imaginary part. Because of the imaginary part, Snell's law does not hold for light-absorbing media. Accordingly, other methods are required to determine the complex value of the refractive index in a light-absorbing medium. The exact solution of Maxwell's equations was obtained for light passing through a prism composed of a light-absorbing medium. Thereby the optical path was determined. The difference of optical paths between light-absorbing medium and transparent medium was calculated numerically. The difference is very large in the neighborhood of perfect reflection area of transparent medium. We found two methods to determine the complex value of the refractive index using the optical path. Both methods analyzed the solutions in detail for two specific incident angles. The deviation angles corresponding to the two incident angles determined the complex value of the prism's refractive index. Of course, the obtained refractive index depends only on the material making up the prism, not on the apex angle of the prism.

Sasaki S.. Determination of complex refractive index using prism composed of absorbing medium. Results in Optics, 8, 100260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2022.100260., In light refraction between two transparent media, Snell's law describes the relationship between the incident angle and refraction angle. The refractive index is usually determined from Snell's law using the minimum deviation angle through a prism. A medium that partially absorbs light has complex permittivity (or permeability), and its refractive index has an imaginary part. Because of the imaginary part, Snell's law does not hold for light-absorbing media. Accordingly, other methods are required to determine the complex value of the refractive index in a light-absorbing medium. The exact solution of Maxwell's equations was obtained for light passing through a prism composed of a light-absorbing medium. Thereby the optical path was determined. The difference of optical paths between light-absorbing medium and transparent medium was calculated numerically. The difference is very large in the neighborhood of perfect reflection area of transparent medium. We found two methods to determine the complex value of the refractive index using the optical path. Both methods analyzed the solutions in detail for two specific incident angles. The deviation angles corresponding to the two incident angles determined the complex value of the prism's refractive index. Of course, the obtained refractive index depends only on the material making up the prism, not on the apex angle of the prism.

Background: There are several clinical techniques for the subjective measurement of heterophoria. In South Africa, von Graefe is one of the most commonly used techniques to quantify heterophoria using the phoropter. However, most rural community clinics have trial frames rather than phoropters to perform heterophoria measurements and other clinical tests. Heterophoria or phoria is the misalignment of an eye that occurs when binocular sensory fusion is blocked. The distance heterophoria is determined by the tonic vergence resting state and negative accommodative vergence. In distance vision, normal heterophoria is zero. The tonic vergence resting state is the vergence angle dictated by tonic vergence innervation alone. However, during a near heterophoria test, the vergence angle observed involves multiple innervational factors. Blocking binocular fusion eliminates disparity vergence innervation. Because of the dual interaction, the loss of disparity vergence innervation initiates simultaneous changes of accommodation innervation. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the agreement of von Graefe heterophoria measurement using the phoropter and a trial frame. Setting: The study was conducted at an Optometry Clinic, University of Limpopo, South Africa. Methods: Distance and near horizontal and vertical heterophoria measurements were performed on 88 visually-normal university students using the phoropter and a trial frame. The 95% limits of agreement were compared using the exact Bland-Altman statistical test. To measure the horizontal heterophoria, 12 prism base-in was placed before the right eye and 6 prism base-up before the left eye. The prism in front of the right eye was reduced until the participant reported that the two images were vertically aligned. The vertical heterophoria was measured by reducing the prism in front of the left eye until the participant reported that the two images were horizontally aligned. Zero deviation was recorded as ortho

Optical microscopes allow us to study highly dynamic events from the molecular scale up to the whole animal level. However, conventional three-dimensional microscopy architectures face an inherent tradeoff between spatial resolution, imaging volume, light exposure and time required to record a single frame. Many biological processes, such as calcium signalling in the brain or transient enzymatic events, occur in temporal and spatial dimensions that cannot be captured by the iterative scanning of multiple focal planes. Snapshot volumetric imaging maintains the spatio-temporal context of such processes during image acquisition by mapping axial information to one or multiple cameras. This review introduces major methods of camera-based single frame volumetric imaging: so-called multiplane, multifocus, and light field microscopy. For each method, we discuss, amongst other topics, the theoretical framework; tendency towards optical aberrations; light efficiency; applicable wavelength range; robustness/complexity of hardware and analysis; and compatibility with different imaging modalities, and provide an overview of applications in biological research., BN/Kristin Grussmayer Lab

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of peripheral chorioretinal imaging through a front prism on swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods: We prospectively obtained en face OCTA images using SS-OCTA in 10 eyes of 10 healthy volunteers. For the peripheral chorioretinal imaging, the scanning laser passed and refracted through a 45 −90 −45 right-angle prism. We evaluated the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of chorioretinal vessels in the periphery. Results: Using peripheral chorioretinal imaging through a prism, the retinal vasculature was delineated to the equator on the OCTA images, and varices of the vortex vein ampullae were observed on choroidal OCT images. The 3×3-mm images revealed three-dimensional morphologies unique to the peripheral vasculature, such as the gap between retinal arterioles and venules in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and elliptical and greater lobules in the choriocapillaris layer. Compared with OCTA images obtained without the prism, those obtained through the prism demonstrated an approximately 1.24-fold increase in the lengths in the base apex direction, whereas the lengths in the perpendicular direction showed concordance. The peripheral vessel density (VD) in the inferior quadrant was lower than those in the other quadrants on the SCP and deep capillary plexus, whereas on the SCP images of the macula the lowest VD was observed in the temporal subfield. Conclusions: Peripheral chorioretinal imaging allowed us to generate ultra-widefield panoramic OCTA images and demonstrated morphologic characteristics unique to peripheral chorioretinal vessels. Translational Relevance: OCTA imaging through a front prism can be a technique for acquiring chorioretinal vasculature images in the periphery.

Introduction: Understanding, categorizing, and using implementation science theories, models, and frameworks is a complex undertaking. The issues involved are even more challenging given the large number of frameworks and that some of them evolve significantly over time. As a consequence, researchers and practitioners may be unintentionally mischaracterizing frameworks or basing actions and conclusions on outdated versions of a framework. Methods: This paper addresses how the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework has been described, summarizes how the model has evolved over time, and identifies and corrects several misconceptions. Results: We address 13 specific areas where misconceptions have been noted concerning the use of RE-AIM and summarize current guidance on these issues. We also discuss key changes to RE-AIM over the past 20 years, including the evolution to Pragmatic Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, and provide resources for potential users to guide application of the framework. Conclusions: RE-AIM and many other theories and frameworks have evolved, been misunderstood, and sometimes been misapplied. To some degree, this is inevitable, but we conclude by suggesting some actions that reviewers, framework developers, and those selecting or applying frameworks can do to prevent or alleviate these problems.

ObjectivesThe objective of this paper was to examine the implementation and effectiveness of a community-based intervention for hoarding disorder (HD) using Cognitive Rehabilitation and Exposure/Sorting Therapy (CREST).DesignThis was a mixed-method, pre-post quasi-experimental study informed by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model for implementation science.SettingProgram activities took place in San Diego County, mainly within clients' homes or community, with some activities in-office.ParticipantsParticipants were aged 60 years or older, met eligibility for Medi-Cal or were uninsured, and met criteria for HD.InterventionA manualized, mobile protocol that incorporated CREST was utilized.MeasurementsThe Clutter Image Rating and Hoarding Rating Scale were used as effectiveness outcomes. An investigator-created staff questionnaire was used to evaluate implementation.ResultsThirty-seven clients were reached and enrolled in treatment and 15 completed treatment during the initial 2 years of the program. There were significant changes in hoarding severity and clutter volume. Based on the initial 2 years of the program, funding was provided for expansion to cover additional San Diego County regions and hire more staff clinicians in year three.ConclusionPreliminary data suggest that the CREST intervention can be successfully implemented in a community setting with positive results for older adults with HD.

This study aims to provide evidence of the suitability of the pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) for research on industrial and organizational psychology. The authors tested the mediating role of amotivation in the relationship between work boundaries and turnover intentions. Data provided by 221 Colombian participants from 11 companies were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The results suggest that the PRISM can be used as a measure of different psychoso-cial aspects at the workplace. As the relationships between work boundaries, amotivation, and turnover have not been simultaneously tested and research on these topics in Latin America is scarce, the findings of the study also contribute to literature on work boundaries and work motivation. © 2020 Cises.

This study aims to provide evidence of the suitability of the pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) for research on industrial and organizational psychology. The authors tested the mediating role of amotivation in the relationship between work boundaries and turnover intentions. Data provided by 221 Colombian participants from 11 companies were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The results suggest that the PRISM can be used as a measure of different psychoso-cial aspects at the workplace. As the relationships between work boundaries, amotivation, and turnover have not been simultaneously tested and research on these topics in Latin America is scarce, the findings of the study also contribute to literature on work boundaries and work motivation. © 2020 Cises.

BACKGROUND: Post-9/11 veterans who enroll in VA health care frequently present with suicidal ideation and/or recent suicidal behavior. Most of these veterans are not screened on their day of enrollment and their risk goes undetected. Screening for suicide risk, and associated mental health factors, can lead to early detection and referral to effective treatment, thereby decreasing suicide risk. eScreening is an innovative Gold Standard Practice with evidence to support its effectiveness and implementation potential in transition and care management (TCM) programs. We will evaluate the impact of eScreening to improve the rate and speed of suicide risk screening and referral to mental health care compared to current screening methods used by transition care managers. We will also evaluate the impact of an innovative, multicomponent implementation strategy (MCIS) on the reach, adoption, implementation, and sustained use of eScreening. METHODS: This is an eight-site 4-year, stepped-wedge, mixed-method, hybrid type-II implementation trial comparing eScreening to screening as usual while also evaluating the potential impact of the MCIS focusing on external facilitation and Lean/SixSigma rapid process improvement workshops in TCM. The aims will address: 1) whether using eScreening compared to oral and/or paper-based methods in TCM programs is associated with improved rates and speed of PTSD, depression, alcohol, and suicide screening & evaluation, and increased referral to mental health treatment; 2) whether and to what degree our MCIS is feasible, acceptable, and has the potential to impact adoption, implementation, and maintenance of eScreening; and 3) how contextual factors influence the implementation of eScreening between high- and low-eScreening adopting sites. We will use a mixed methods approach guided by the RE-AIM outcomes of the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM). Data to address Aim 1 will be collected via medical record query

Introduction: Understanding, categorizing, and using implementation science theories, models, and frameworks is a complex undertaking. The issues involved are even more challenging given the large number of frameworks and that some of them evolve significantly over time. As a consequence, researchers and practitioners may be unintentionally mischaracterizing frameworks or basing actions and conclusions on outdated versions of a framework. Methods: This paper addresses how the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework has been described, summarizes how the model has evolved over time, and identifies and corrects several misconceptions. Results: We address 13 specific areas where misconceptions have been noted concerning the use of RE-AIM and summarize current guidance on these issues. We also discuss key changes to RE-AIM over the past 20 years, including the evolution to Pragmatic Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model, and provide resources for potential users to guide application of the framework. Conclusions: RE-AIM and many other theories and frameworks have evolved, been misunderstood, and sometimes been misapplied. To some degree, this is inevitable, but we conclude by suggesting some actions that reviewers, framework developers, and those selecting or applying frameworks can do to prevent or alleviate these problems.

This study aims to conduct the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) test and compressive strength test of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC). This paper also examines the correlation of UPV test data and compressive strength test data for SFRC specimens. The experiments were carried out with the same value of the water-cement ratio, superplasticizer but different fiber volumes of steel fiber. Twelve prism sizes 100mm x 100mm x 500mm were casted and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% of steel fiber reinforced concrete were added and the prisms undergone curing for 7, 14 and 28 days. The highest value of the UPV test at the x-axis is SFRC-0.5%, 6.26 km/s at seven days and 6.8377 km/s at 14 days. The highest value of the UPV test at the y-axis is SFR-0.5%, 6.68 km/s at seven days and 6.34 km/s at 28 days. The grading is still in the excellent concrete quality based on BS1881. The highest value of compressive strength is SFRC-1.0%, 193.2 MPa at 14 days. The R-squared value for the correlation coefficient between UPV result and the compressive strength result at the x-axis and y-axis is 0.9963 and 0.9966 respectively which is near to 1.0 and can be considered as strongly correlated. The correlation equation obtained can be used to predict compressive strength based on UPV data for steel fiber addition up to 1.5% volume.  Thus, it can be concluded that percentage of steel fiber added, affect the strength of the tested concrete specimens and the optimized value of steel fiber added is at 1% in this study

[ES] El proyecto está pensado para recoger un programa principalmente docente y de aprendizaje en el que se puedan impartir los conocimientos de audiovisuales de sonido principalmente. El esquema de proyecto se compone esencialmente en un volumen rectangular puro ubicado en planta primera y comunicado directamente con el nivel del metro; al que se le ha sustraído un gran espacio central con forma orgánica a modo de patio, favoreciendo así la comunicación visual de los espacios. El volúmenes apoyará en planta baja sobre pilotes y se conformarán diversos espacios complementarios a los docentes en forma de cajas iluminadas. El tratamiento que se le concede al perímetro se resuelve mediante un sistema de revestimiento colorido que alternará vidrios opacos y traslúcidos., [EN] The project is designed to collect a mainly teaching and learning program in which the audio-visual sound knowledge can be taught mainly. The project scheme consists essentially of a pure rectangular volume located on the first floor and directly connected to the level of the metro; to which a large central space with an organic form has been removed as a central courtyard favoring the visual communication of the spaces. The volumes will support on the ground floor on stilts and various complementary spaces will be created for the teachers in the form of illuminated boxes. The treatment granted to the perimeter is solved by a colorful coating system that alternates opaque and translucent glass.

[EN] This project is mainly a personal reflection and a method of learning about the photographic medium; attends in various ways to concepts that have been manifesting as the project has progressed. Thinking about the relationship between human / machine (photographic) / environment, a rhizomatic influence system is articulated that establishes relationships between concepts such as: abstraction, physics, reflection / reflection, philosophy or mathematics, among others. This photographic experience has been carried out through practice; with various optical systems that alter the vision of the registered environment, and generate a semiotic code project that responds to personal concerns. This work is part of a process that neither begins nor ends here; so it is necessary to consider it a reflexive pause of something that will continue to evolve, always with constant interests towards the technical possibilities of the photographic medium and the personal perceptions of the environment., [ES] Este proyecto es principalmente, una reflexión personal y un método de aprendizaje sobre el medio fotográfico; atiende de diversas formas, a conceptos que se han ido manifestando a medida que ha ido avanzando el proyecto. Pensando en la relación entre humano/maquina (fotográfica)/entorno, se articula un sistema de influencia rizomática que establece relaciones entre conceptos como: abstracción, física, reflejo/reflexión, filosofía o matemáticas, entre otros. Esta experiencia fotográfica se ha llevado a cabo a través de la práctica; con diversos sistemas ópticos que alteran la visión del entorno registrado, y generan un proyecto en clave semiótica que responde a unas inquietudes personales. Este trabajo es parte de un proceso que ni empieza ni termina aquí; por lo que hay que considerarlo una pausa reflexiva de algo que continuará evolucionando, siempre con unos intereses constantes hacia las posibilidades técnicas del medio fotográfico y las percepciones personales del entorno., [CA] Aquest projecte és principalment, una reflexió personal i un mètode d'aprenentatge sobre el medi fotogràfic; atén de diverses formes, a conceptes que s'han anat manifestant a mesura que ha anat avançant el projecte. Pensant en la relació entre humà / màquina (fotogràfica) / entorn, s'articula un sistema d'influència rizomàtica que estableix relacions entre conceptes com: abstracció, física, reflex / reflexió, filosofia o matemàtiques, entre d'altres. Aquesta experiència fotogràfica s'ha dut a terme a través de la pràctica; amb diversos sistemes òptics que alteren la visió de l'entorn registrat, i generen un projecte en clau semiòtica que respon a unes inquietuds personals. Aquest treball és part d'un procés que ni comença ni acaba aquí; per la qual cosa cal considerar-lo una pausa reflexiva d'alguna cosa que continuarà evolucionant, sempre amb uns interessos constants cap a les possibilitats tècniques de l'mitjà fotogràfic i les percepcions personals de l'entorn.

[EN] This project is mainly a personal reflection and a method of learning about the photographic medium; attends in various ways to concepts that have been manifesting as the project has progressed. Thinking about the relationship between human / machine (photographic) / environment, a rhizomatic influence system is articulated that establishes relationships between concepts such as: abstraction, physics, reflection / reflection, philosophy or mathematics, among others. This photographic experience has been carried out through practice; with various optical systems that alter the vision of the registered environment, and generate a semiotic code project that responds to personal concerns. This work is part of a process that neither begins nor ends here; so it is necessary to consider it a reflexive pause of something that will continue to evolve, always with constant interests towards the technical possibilities of the photographic medium and the personal perceptions of the environment., [ES] Este proyecto es principalmente, una reflexión personal y un método de aprendizaje sobre el medio fotográfico; atiende de diversas formas, a conceptos que se han ido manifestando a medida que ha ido avanzando el proyecto. Pensando en la relación entre humano/maquina (fotográfica)/entorno, se articula un sistema de influencia rizomática que establece relaciones entre conceptos como: abstracción, física, reflejo/reflexión, filosofía o matemáticas, entre otros. Esta experiencia fotográfica se ha llevado a cabo a través de la práctica; con diversos sistemas ópticos que alteran la visión del entorno registrado, y generan un proyecto en clave semiótica que responde a unas inquietudes personales. Este trabajo es parte de un proceso que ni empieza ni termina aquí; por lo que hay que considerarlo una pausa reflexiva de algo que continuará evolucionando, siempre con unos intereses constantes hacia las posibilidades técnicas del medio fotográfico y las percepciones personales del entorno., [CA] Aquest projecte és principalment, una reflexió personal i un mètode d'aprenentatge sobre el medi fotogràfic; atén de diverses formes, a conceptes que s'han anat manifestant a mesura que ha anat avançant el projecte. Pensant en la relació entre humà / màquina (fotogràfica) / entorn, s'articula un sistema d'influència rizomàtica que estableix relacions entre conceptes com: abstracció, física, reflex / reflexió, filosofia o matemàtiques, entre d'altres. Aquesta experiència fotogràfica s'ha dut a terme a través de la pràctica; amb diversos sistemes òptics que alteren la visió de l'entorn registrat, i generen un projecte en clau semiòtica que respon a unes inquietuds personals. Aquest treball és part d'un procés que ni comença ni acaba aquí; per la qual cosa cal considerar-lo una pausa reflexiva d'alguna cosa que continuarà evolucionant, sempre amb uns interessos constants cap a les possibilitats tècniques de l'mitjà fotogràfic i les percepcions personals de l'entorn.

[ES] El proyecto está pensado para recoger un programa principalmente docente y de aprendizaje en el que se puedan impartir los conocimientos de audiovisuales de sonido principalmente. El esquema de proyecto se compone esencialmente en un volumen rectangular puro ubicado en planta primera y comunicado directamente con el nivel del metro; al que se le ha sustraído un gran espacio central con forma orgánica a modo de patio, favoreciendo así la comunicación visual de los espacios. El volúmenes apoyará en planta baja sobre pilotes y se conformarán diversos espacios complementarios a los docentes en forma de cajas iluminadas. El tratamiento que se le concede al perímetro se resuelve mediante un sistema de revestimiento colorido que alternará vidrios opacos y traslúcidos., [EN] The project is designed to collect a mainly teaching and learning program in which the audio-visual sound knowledge can be taught mainly. The project scheme consists essentially of a pure rectangular volume located on the first floor and directly connected to the level of the metro; to which a large central space with an organic form has been removed as a central courtyard favoring the visual communication of the spaces. The volumes will support on the ground floor on stilts and various complementary spaces will be created for the teachers in the form of illuminated boxes. The treatment granted to the perimeter is solved by a colorful coating system that alternates opaque and translucent glass.

[EN] This project is mainly a personal reflection and a method of learning about the photographic medium; attends in various ways to concepts that have been manifesting as the project has progressed. Thinking about the relationship between human / machine (photographic) / environment, a rhizomatic influence system is articulated that establishes relationships between concepts such as: abstraction, physics, reflection / reflection, philosophy or mathematics, among others. This photographic experience has been carried out through practice; with various optical systems that alter the vision of the registered environment, and generate a semiotic code project that responds to personal concerns. This work is part of a process that neither begins nor ends here; so it is necessary to consider it a reflexive pause of something that will continue to evolve, always with constant interests towards the technical possibilities of the photographic medium and the personal perceptions of the environment., [ES] Este proyecto es principalmente, una reflexión personal y un método de aprendizaje sobre el medio fotográfico; atiende de diversas formas, a conceptos que se han ido manifestando a medida que ha ido avanzando el proyecto. Pensando en la relación entre humano/maquina (fotográfica)/entorno, se articula un sistema de influencia rizomática que establece relaciones entre conceptos como: abstracción, física, reflejo/reflexión, filosofía o matemáticas, entre otros. Esta experiencia fotográfica se ha llevado a cabo a través de la práctica; con diversos sistemas ópticos que alteran la visión del entorno registrado, y generan un proyecto en clave semiótica que responde a unas inquietudes personales. Este trabajo es parte de un proceso que ni empieza ni termina aquí; por lo que hay que considerarlo una pausa reflexiva de algo que continuará evolucionando, siempre con unos intereses constantes hacia las posibilidades técnicas del medio fotográfico y las percepciones personales del entorno., [CA] Aquest projecte és principalment, una reflexió personal i un mètode d'aprenentatge sobre el medi fotogràfic; atén de diverses formes, a conceptes que s'han anat manifestant a mesura que ha anat avançant el projecte. Pensant en la relació entre humà / màquina (fotogràfica) / entorn, s'articula un sistema d'influència rizomàtica que estableix relacions entre conceptes com: abstracció, física, reflex / reflexió, filosofia o matemàtiques, entre d'altres. Aquesta experiència fotogràfica s'ha dut a terme a través de la pràctica; amb diversos sistemes òptics que alteren la visió de l'entorn registrat, i generen un projecte en clau semiòtica que respon a unes inquietuds personals. Aquest treball és part d'un procés que ni comença ni acaba aquí; per la qual cosa cal considerar-lo una pausa reflexiva d'alguna cosa que continuarà evolucionant, sempre amb uns interessos constants cap a les possibilitats tècniques de l'mitjà fotogràfic i les percepcions personals de l'entorn.

[EN] This project is mainly a personal reflection and a method of learning about the photographic medium; attends in various ways to concepts that have been manifesting as the project has progressed. Thinking about the relationship between human / machine (photographic) / environment, a rhizomatic influence system is articulated that establishes relationships between concepts such as: abstraction, physics, reflection / reflection, philosophy or mathematics, among others. This photographic experience has been carried out through practice; with various optical systems that alter the vision of the registered environment, and generate a semiotic code project that responds to personal concerns. This work is part of a process that neither begins nor ends here; so it is necessary to consider it a reflexive pause of something that will continue to evolve, always with constant interests towards the technical possibilities of the photographic medium and the personal perceptions of the environment., [ES] Este proyecto es principalmente, una reflexión personal y un método de aprendizaje sobre el medio fotográfico; atiende de diversas formas, a conceptos que se han ido manifestando a medida que ha ido avanzando el proyecto. Pensando en la relación entre humano/maquina (fotográfica)/entorno, se articula un sistema de influencia rizomática que establece relaciones entre conceptos como: abstracción, física, reflejo/reflexión, filosofía o matemáticas, entre otros. Esta experiencia fotográfica se ha llevado a cabo a través de la práctica; con diversos sistemas ópticos que alteran la visión del entorno registrado, y generan un proyecto en clave semiótica que responde a unas inquietudes personales. Este trabajo es parte de un proceso que ni empieza ni termina aquí; por lo que hay que considerarlo una pausa reflexiva de algo que continuará evolucionando, siempre con unos intereses constantes hacia las posibilidades técnicas del medio fotográfico y las percepciones personales del entorno., [CA] Aquest projecte és principalment, una reflexió personal i un mètode d'aprenentatge sobre el medi fotogràfic; atén de diverses formes, a conceptes que s'han anat manifestant a mesura que ha anat avançant el projecte. Pensant en la relació entre humà / màquina (fotogràfica) / entorn, s'articula un sistema d'influència rizomàtica que estableix relacions entre conceptes com: abstracció, física, reflex / reflexió, filosofia o matemàtiques, entre d'altres. Aquesta experiència fotogràfica s'ha dut a terme a través de la pràctica; amb diversos sistemes òptics que alteren la visió de l'entorn registrat, i generen un projecte en clau semiòtica que respon a unes inquietuds personals. Aquest treball és part d'un procés que ni comença ni acaba aquí; per la qual cosa cal considerar-lo una pausa reflexiva d'alguna cosa que continuarà evolucionant, sempre amb uns interessos constants cap a les possibilitats tècniques de l'mitjà fotogràfic i les percepcions personals de l'entorn.

[ES] El proyecto está pensado para recoger un programa principalmente docente y de aprendizaje en el que se puedan impartir los conocimientos de audiovisuales de sonido principalmente. El esquema de proyecto se compone esencialmente en un volumen rectangular puro ubicado en planta primera y comunicado directamente con el nivel del metro; al que se le ha sustraído un gran espacio central con forma orgánica a modo de patio, favoreciendo así la comunicación visual de los espacios. El volúmenes apoyará en planta baja sobre pilotes y se conformarán diversos espacios complementarios a los docentes en forma de cajas iluminadas. El tratamiento que se le concede al perímetro se resuelve mediante un sistema de revestimiento colorido que alternará vidrios opacos y traslúcidos., [EN] The project is designed to collect a mainly teaching and learning program in which the audio-visual sound knowledge can be taught mainly. The project scheme consists essentially of a pure rectangular volume located on the first floor and directly connected to the level of the metro; to which a large central space with an organic form has been removed as a central courtyard favoring the visual communication of the spaces. The volumes will support on the ground floor on stilts and various complementary spaces will be created for the teachers in the form of illuminated boxes. The treatment granted to the perimeter is solved by a colorful coating system that alternates opaque and translucent glass.

BackgroundRisk factor identification is a proven strategy in advancing treatments and preventive therapy for many chronic conditions. Quantifying the impact of those risk factors on health outcomes can consolidate and focus efforts on individuals with specific high-risk profiles. Using multiple risk factors and longitudinal outcomes in 2 independent cohorts, we developed and validated a risk score model to predict mortality in current and former cigarette smokers.MethodsWe obtained extensive data on current and former smokers from the COPD Genetic Epidemiology (COPDGene®) study at enrollment. Based on physician input and model goodness-of-fit measures, a subset of variables was selected to fit final Weibull survival models separately for men and women. Coefficients and predictors were translated into a point system, allowing for easy computation of mortality risk scores and probabilities. We then used the SubPopulations and InteRmediate Outcome Measures In COPD Study (SPIROMICS) cohort for external validation of our model.ResultsOf 9867 COPDGene participants with standard baseline data, 17.6% died over 10 years of follow-up, and 9074 of these participants had the full set of baseline predictors (standard plus 6-minute walk distance and computed tomography variables) available for full model fits. The average age of participants in the cohort was 60 for both men and women, and the average predicted 10-year mortality risk was 18% for women and 25% for men. Model time-integrated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve statistics demonstrated good predictive model accuracy (0.797 average), validated in the external cohort (0.756 average). Risk of mortality was impacted most by 6-minute walk distance, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and age, for both men and women.ConclusionsCurrent and former smokers exhibited a wide range of mortality risk over a 10- year period. Our models can identify higher risk individuals who can be targeted for interventions t

This study aims to provide evidence of the suitability of the pictorial representation of illness and self measure (PRISM) for research on industrial and organizational psychology. The authors tested the mediating role of amotivation in the relationship between work boundaries and turnover intentions. Data provided by 221 Colombian participants from 11 companies were analyzed using the structural equation modeling approach. The results suggest that the PRISM can be used as a measure of different psychoso-cial aspects at the workplace. As the relationships between work boundaries, amotivation, and turnover have not been simultaneously tested and research on these topics in Latin America is scarce, the findings of the study also contribute to literature on work boundaries and work motivation. © 2020 Cises.

We study Nakamoto’s Bitcoin protocol that implements a distributed ledger on peer-to-peer asynchronous networks. In particular, we define a principled formal model of key participants - the miners - as stochastic processes and describe the whole system as a parallel composition of miners. We therefore compute the probability that ledgers turn into a state with more severe inconsistencies, e.g. with longer forks, under the assumptions that messages are not lost and nodes are not hostile. We also study how the presence of hostile nodes mining blocks in wrong positions impacts on the consistency of the ledgers. Our theoretical results agree with the simulations performed on a probabilistic model checker that we extended with dynamic datatypes in order to have a faithful description of miners' behaviour.

Time-geography is a descriptive and analytical geographical framework initially developed in the late 1960s and the early 1970s by the Swedish geographer Torsten Hägerstrand (1916–2004). Time-geography consists of a conceptual apparatus and a graphic notation system by which the time-spatial embeddedness and couplings of human and nonhuman geographical beings and their corporeal (material) geographical conditions for existence can be mapped and investigated. Time-geography is founded on a matter-realistic ontology that explicitly recognizes the material, corporeal nature of geographical beings and their geographical settings as demarcated somewhere on the Earth's surface. Reflected in its notation system, the methodology of time-geography is guided by the principle of always simultaneously keeping track of both spatial and temporal features of material geographical events. Time-geography has been applied in numerous areas in human geography, as well as in a large number of studies in a variety of different disciplinary settings. As a research program on its own, time-geography has increased the conceptual and empirical knowledge of time-space conditions of and for geographical beings and their geographical existences.

Computation of gravimetric terrain corrections (TCs) is a numerical challenge, especially when using very high-resolution (say, ∼30 m or less) digital elevation models (DEMs). TC computations can use spatial or/and spectral techniques: Spatial domain methods are more exact but can be very time-consuming; the discrete/fast Fourier transform (D/FFT) implementation of a binomial expansion is efficient, but fails to achieve a convergent solution for terrain slopes >45°. We show that this condition must be satisfied for each and every computation-roving point pair in the whole integration domain, not just at or near the computation points. A combination of spatial and spectral methods has been advocated by some through dividing the integration domain into inner and outer zones, where the TC is computed from the superposition of analytical mass-prism integration and the D/FFT. However, there remain two unresolved issues with this combined approach: (1) deciding upon a radius that best separates the inner and outer zones and (2) analytical mass-prism integration in the inner zone remains time-consuming, particularly for high-resolution DEMs. This paper provides a solution by proposing: (1) three methods to define the radius separating the inner and outer zones and (2) a numerical solution for near-zone TC computations based on the trapezoidal and Simpson's rules that is sufficiently accurate w.r.t. the exact analytical solution, but which can reduce the computation time by almost 50 per cent.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water balance, which influences hydrometeorology, water resources, carbon and other biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystem diversity. This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal variations of ET at the East River watershed in Colorado and analyze the factors that control these variations. ET was acquired using the community land model (CLM) simulations and was compared with the values estimated using Fu's equation and a watershed-scale water balance equation. The simulation results showed that 55% of annual precipitation in the East River is lost to ET, in which 75% of the ET comes from the summer months (May to September). We also found that the contribution of transpiration to the total ET was ~50%, which is much larger than that of soil evaporation (32%) and canopy evaporation (18%). Spatial analysis indicated that the ET is greater at elevations of 2950-3200 m and lower along the river valley ( < 2750 m) and at the high elevations ( > 3900 m). A correlation analysis of factors affecting ET showed that the land elevation, air temperature, and vegetation are closely correlated and together they govern the ET spatial variability. The results also suggested that ET in areas with more finely textured soil is slightly larger than regions with coarse-texture soil. This study presents a promising approach to the assessment of ET with a high spatiotemporal resolution over watershed scales and investigates factors controlling ET spatiotemporal variations.

The Spectrometer Arduino Mega (SpAM) is a prism spectrometer that has been designed and fabricated by the Remote Sensing Group (RSG) at the Wyant College of Optical Sciences of the University of Arizona. SpAM is designed to be a low budget, stand alone, solar powered field spectrometer. RSG plans to use SpAM to measure the reflectance of natural surfaces in the field. After the laboratory calibration of SpAM, it was deployed to the Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS) at Railroad Valley, Nevada. A satellite uplink will allow RSG to upload SpAM measurements on a daily basis. SpAM measures and records the spectral composition of a light source or light reflected from a surface. The prism inside of SpAM refracts the input light on to a linear array of 512 silicon detectors. The detector-prism combination produces a spectral resolution of ~2 nm, and the overall spectral range is 433 nm to 760 nm. The data collected by SpAM are stored and processed by an Arduino mega micro controller with network capabilities that make it suitable for deployment at remote locations. SpAM will be used to analyze the spectral reflectance of Railroad Valley, and its accuracy and performance will be routinely monitored using filter-based multispectral transfer radiometers that have been produced by RSG. This work presents the design and instrumentation of SpAM, and an assessment of its ability to provide radiometric results for satellite calibration and other radiometric measurement applications.

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the water balance, which influences hydrometeorology, water resources, carbon and other biogeochemical cycles, and ecosystem diversity. This study aims to investigate the spatio-temporal variations of ET at the East River watershed in Colorado and analyze the factors that control these variations. ET was acquired using the community land model (CLM) simulations and was compared with the values estimated using Fu's equation and a watershed-scale water balance equation. The simulation results showed that 55% of annual precipitation in the East River is lost to ET, in which 75% of the ET comes from the summer months (May to September). We also found that the contribution of transpiration to the total ET was ~50%, which is much larger than that of soil evaporation (32%) and canopy evaporation (18%). Spatial analysis indicated that the ET is greater at elevations of 2950-3200 m and lower along the river valley ( < 2750 m) and at the high elevations ( > 3900 m). A correlation analysis of factors affecting ET showed that the land elevation, air temperature, and vegetation are closely correlated and together they govern the ET spatial variability. The results also suggested that ET in areas with more finely textured soil is slightly larger than regions with coarse-texture soil. This study presents a promising approach to the assessment of ET with a high spatiotemporal resolution over watershed scales and investigates factors controlling ET spatiotemporal variations.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Present-day diagnostic criteria are largely based solely on spirometric criteria. Accumulating evidence has identified a substantial number of individuals without spirometric evidence of COPD who suffer from respiratory symptoms and/or increased morbidity and mortality. There is a clear need for an expanded definition of COPD that is linked to physiologic, structural (computed tomography [CT]) and clinical evidence of disease. Using data from the COPD Genetic Epidemiology study (COPDGene®), we hypothesized that an integrated approach that includes environmental exposure, clinical symptoms, chest CT imaging and spirometry better defines disease and captures the likelihood of progression of respiratory obstruction and mortality.MethodsFour key disease characteristics - environmental exposure (cigarette smoking), clinical symptoms (dyspnea and/or chronic bronchitis), chest CT imaging abnormalities (emphysema, gas trapping and/or airway wall thickening), and abnormal spirometry - were evaluated in a group of 8784 current and former smokers who were participants in COPDGene® Phase 1. Using these 4 disease characteristics, 8 categories of participants were identified and evaluated for odds of spirometric disease progression (FEV1 > 350 ml loss over 5 years), and the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality was examined.ResultsUsing smokers without symptoms, CT imaging abnormalities or airflow obstruction as the reference population, individuals were classified as Possible COPD, Probable COPD and Definite COPD. Current Global initiative for obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria would diagnose 4062 (46%) of the 8784 study participants with COPD. The proposed COPDGene® 2019 diagnostic criteria would add an additional 3144 participants. Under the new criteria, 82% of the 8784 study participants would be diagnosed with Possible, Probable or Definite COPD. These COPD group

COPD Genetic Epidemiology Study (COPDGene®) manuscripts have provided important insights into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology and outcomes, including a better understanding of COPD phenotypes relating computed tomography (CT) anatomic data to spirometric and patient-reported outcomes. Spirometry significantly underdiagnoses smoking-induced lung disease, and there is a marked improvement in sensitivity and specificity with CT scanning. This review also highlights the COPDGene® exploration of specific spirometry phenotypes (e.g.,PRISm), contributors to spirometric decline, composite physiologic measures, asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) syndrome, consequences of bronchodilator responsiveness, newer methods to assess small airway dysfunction, and spirometric correlates of comorbid diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

The Spectrometer Arduino Mega (SpAM) is a prism spectrometer that has been designed and fabricated by the Remote Sensing Group (RSG) at the Wyant College of Optical Sciences of the University of Arizona. SpAM is designed to be a low budget, stand alone, solar powered field spectrometer. RSG plans to use SpAM to measure the reflectance of natural surfaces in the field. After the laboratory calibration of SpAM, it was deployed to the Radiometric Calibration Test Site (RadCaTS) at Railroad Valley, Nevada. A satellite uplink will allow RSG to upload SpAM measurements on a daily basis. SpAM measures and records the spectral composition of a light source or light reflected from a surface. The prism inside of SpAM refracts the input light on to a linear array of 512 silicon detectors. The detector-prism combination produces a spectral resolution of ~2 nm, and the overall spectral range is 433 nm to 760 nm. The data collected by SpAM are stored and processed by an Arduino mega micro controller with network capabilities that make it suitable for deployment at remote locations. SpAM will be used to analyze the spectral reflectance of Railroad Valley, and its accuracy and performance will be routinely monitored using filter-based multispectral transfer radiometers that have been produced by RSG. This work presents the design and instrumentation of SpAM, and an assessment of its ability to provide radiometric results for satellite calibration and other radiometric measurement applications.

Feature selection is typically employed before or in conjunction with classification algorithms to reduce the feature dimensionality and improve the classification performance, as well as reduce processing time. While particular approaches have been developed for feature selection, such as filter and wrapper approaches, some algorithms perform feature selection through their learning strategy. In this paper, we are investigating the effect of the implicit feature selection of the PRISM algorithm, which is rule-based, when compared with the wrapper feature selection approach employing four popular algorithms: decision trees, naïve bayes, k-nearest neighbors and support vector machine. Moreover, we investigate the performance of the algorithms on target classes, i.e. where the aim is to identify one or more phenomena and distinguish them from their absence (i.e. non-target classes), such as when identifying benign and malign cancer (two target classes) vs. non-cancer (the non-target class).

Modern cyber-physical systems usually assume a certain degree of autonomy. Such systems, like Ambient Assisted Living systems aimed at assisting elderly people in their daily life, often need to perform safety-critical functions, for instance, fall detection, health deviation monitoring, communication to caregivers, etc. In many cases, the system users have distributed locations, as well as different needs that need to be serviced intelligently at the same time. These features call for intelligent, adaptive, scalable and fault-tolerant system design solutions, which are well embodied by multi-agent architectures. Analyzing such complex architectures at design phase, to verify if an abstraction of the system satisfies all the critical requirements is beneficial. In this paper, we start from an agent-based architecture for ambient assisted living systems, inspired from the literature, which we model in the popular Architecture Description and Design Language. Since the latter lacks the ability to specify autonomous agent behaviours, which are often intelligent, non-deterministic or probabilistic, we extend the architectural language with a sub-language called Agent Annex, which we formally encode as a Stochastic Transition System. This contribution allows us to specify behaviours of agents involved in agent-based architectures of cyber-physical systems, which we show how to exhaustively verify with the state-of-art model checker PRISM. As a final step, we apply our framework on a distributed ambient assisted living system, whose critical requirements we verify with PRISM., Conference code: 148432; Export Date: 11 July 2019; Conference Paper

The combination of argumentation and probability paves the way to new accounts of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty, thereby offering new theoretical and applicative opportunities. Due to a variety of interests, probabilistic argumentation is approached in the literature with different frameworks, pertaining to structured and abstract argumentation, and with respect to diverse types of uncertainty, in particular the uncertainty on the credibility of the premises, the uncertainty about which arguments to consider, and the uncertainty on the acceptance status of arguments or statements. Towards a general framework for probabilistic argumentation, we investigate a labelling-oriented framework encompassing a basic setting for rule-based argumentation and its (semi-) abstract account, along with diverse types of uncertainty. Our framework provides a systematic treatment of various kinds of uncertainty and of their relationships and allows us to back or question assertions from the literature.

The combination of argumentation and probability paves the way to new accounts of qualitative and quantitative uncertainty, thereby offering new theoretical and applicative opportunities. Due to a variety of interests, probabilistic argumentation is approached in the literature with different frameworks, pertaining to structured and abstract argumentation, and with respect to diverse types of uncertainty, in particular the uncertainty on the credibility of the premises, the uncertainty about which arguments to consider, and the uncertainty on the acceptance status of arguments or statements. Towards a general framework for probabilistic argumentation, we investigate a labelling-oriented framework encompassing a basic setting for rule-based argumentation and its (semi-) abstract account, along with diverse types of uncertainty. Our framework provides a systematic treatment of various kinds of uncertainty and of their relationships and allows us to back or question assertions from the literature.

Este trabajo funciona como introducción del modelo del Prisma de Identidad, herramienta de branding ideada por Jean Noel Kapferer, a la industria musical. Para la comprensión tanto del modelo como de su contexto, el trabajo se estructura en cuatro bloques. En el primer bloque se hace un repaso del concepto de marca, estudiando la evolución y aportaciones a la propia definición, y puntualizando conceptos básicos de la marca como la identidad, la imagen o el posicionamiento. El segundo bloque tiene como objetivo el acercamiento de la marca a la industria musical. A través de la búsqueda de puntos de unión y similitudes, queda palpable la importancia de la identidad como activo intangible del artista. Una vez el trabajo queda contextualizado, el tercer bloque presenta el modelo del Prisma de Identidad de Kapferer, donde además de realizar un análisis y exponer el propio modelo, se estudia su utilidad y aplicabilidad en base a la teoría del autor francés. El cuarto bloque supone el desarrollo del Prisma en la industria musical; se hace una adaptación del modelo a la realidad del artista musical, resultando una herramienta de gestión de la identidad para el campo del management musical y otras vías de actuación., This document introduces a branding tool, the Kapferer´s Identity Prism model, to the music industry. In order to understand both the model and its context, the paper is structured in four contents block. The first one reviews the brand concept, studying the evolution and contributions to the definition, and specifying some basic concepts like identity, image and positioning. The second content block aims to aproach the brand concept to the music industry. Looking for common points and similarities, the importance of identity as an artist´s intangible asset reveals obvious. Once the study is contextualized, the third content block presents the Identity Prism model by Kapferer, where besides making an analysis and exposing of the model itself, the utility and applicability are studied according to the french autor. The fourth content block involves the Prism´s development in the music industry; the model adapts to the musician´s reality, resulting an identity management tool for the music industry and other fields of action.

During the last 15 years, more attention has been paid to derive analytic formulae for the gravitational potential and field of polyhedral mass bodies with complicated polynomial density contrasts, because such formulae can be more suitable to approximate the true mass density variations of the earth (e.g., sedimentary basins and bedrock topography) than methods that use finer volume discretization and constant density contrasts. In this study, we derive analytic formulae for gravity anomalies of arbitrary polyhedral bodies with complicated polynomial density contrasts in 3D space. The anomalous mass density is allowed to vary in both horizontal and vertical directions in a polynomial form of , where m, n, t are nonnegative integers and a, b, c are coefficients of mass density. First, the singular volume integrals of the gravity anomalies are transformed to regular or weakly singular surface integrals over each polygon of the polyhedral body. Then, in terms of the derived singularity-free analytic formulae of these surface integrals, singularity-free analytic formulae for gravity anomalies of arbitrary polyhedral bodies with horizontal and vertical polynomial density contrasts are obtained. For an arbitrary polyhedron, we successfully derived analytic formulae of the gravity potential and the gravity field in the case of , , , and an analytic formula of the gravity potential in the case of . For a rectangular prism, we derive an analytic formula of the gravity potential for , and and closed forms of the gravity field are presented for , and . Besides generalizing previously published closed-form solutions for cases of constant and linear mass density contrasts to higher polynomial order, to our best knowledge, this is the first time that closed-form solutions are presented for the gravitational potential of a general polyhedral body with quadratic density contrast in all spatial directions and for the vertical gravitational field of a prismatic body with quartic den

Simulation of atomic-resolution image formation in scanning transmission electron microscopy can require significant computation times using traditional methods. A recently developed method, termed plane-wave reciprocal-space interpolated scattering matrix (PRISM), demonstrates potential for significant acceleration of such simulations with negligible loss of accuracy. Here, we present a software package called Prismatic for parallelized simulation of image formation in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using both the PRISM and multislice methods. By distributing the workload between multiple CUDA-enabled GPUs and multicore processors, accelerations as high as 1000 × for PRISM and 15 × for multislice are achieved relative to traditional multislice implementations using a single 4-GPU machine. We demonstrate a potentially important application of Prismatic, using it to compute images for atomic electron tomography at sufficient speeds to include in the reconstruction pipeline. Prismatic is freely available both as an open-source CUDA/C++ package with a graphical user interface and as a Python package, PyPrismatic.

Der Sammelband "Jahr 1 nach Snowden" enthält alle Beiträge einer studentischen Initiative der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, die im WiSe 2014/15 sowohl theoretisch als auch praktisch die Problemfelder der globalen Überwachungs- und Spionageaffäre nach den Enthüllungen durch Edward Snowden versuchte aufzuarbeiten. Eine interdisziplinäre Gastredner_innenschaft erörterte in Podiumsdiskussionen das Thema philosophisch, kryptologisch und gesellschaftspolitisch. Beigeordnete Workshops gaben der Hörer_innenschaft die Möglichkeit, den diskutierten Problemen von Überwachung am eigenen Computer praktisch zu begegnen. Der Sammelband "Jahr 1 nach Snowden" enthält sämtliche Protokolle der Diskussionen sowie die erprobten Konzepte der Praxis-Workshops. Die Gastredner_innenschaft bestand aus Florian Wobser, Tom Gehrke, Michaela Zinke, Leena Simon, Prof. Dr. Ernst-Günter Giessmann, Doris Aschenbrenner, Dr. Anne Käfer, Nele Trenner. Das Geleitwort verfasste Friedrich Schorlemmer., Not Reviewed