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Among other functions, the INIA is involved in national and international cooperation in the field of agri-food research. The process of identifying and classifying gaps in our knowledge forms an essential part of this effort. This article describes that process, the tools and the materials used to achieve the final objective, namely, the identification of research priorities in the Spanish agri-food sector in order to deal with the societal challenges posed by society and the stakeholders involved. These challenges, within the context of the bioeconomy, are the sustainability of primary and forestry production systems, the safety and quality of food and bioproducts as well as the competitiveness of farmers and companies in this sector. It is necessary to optimize resource management and means of production along with improved efficiency to guarantee sustainability throughout the value chain process. The main goal, under the current scenario of climate change, is to develop models which lead to a balance between food quality and production costs (competitiveness and economic sustainability), ecosystem conservation and mitigation of the environmental impacts (environmental sustainability) while maintaining the population in rural areas (social sustainability). These models will be based on new technology in both intensive and extensive production systems. They should support the improvement and valuation of traditional products together with the formulation and development of foods with new functionalities and quality while at the same time ensuring safety. As well as satisfying consumer demand, improved knowledge must lead to a more efficient use of our own resources and by-products within the framework of a circular economy, including the development of bioproducts, eco-innovation and eco-design.

Acknowledgments We thank “Servicio de secuenciación de DNA” and “Servicio de Química de proteínas y Síntesis de oligonucleótidos” at CIB-CSIC, Madrid, and “Unidad de Proteómica” at CNIC-ISCIII, Madrid for the kind assistance of their staff. This work was supported by grants from European Commission (QLRT-2001-01969), and Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (CICYT BIO2003-03428)., The existence of a diverse trypsin gene family with a main role in the proteolytic digestion process has been proved in vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. In lepidopteran insects, a diversity of trypsin-like genes expressed in midgut has also been identified. Genomic DNA and cDNA trypsin-like sequences expressed in the Mediterranean corn Borer (MCB), Sesamia nonagrioides, midgut are reported in this paper. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that at least three types of trypsin-like enzymes putatively involved in digestion are conserved in MCB and other lepidopteran species. As expected, a diversity of sequences has been found, including four type-I (two subtypes), four type-II (two subtypes) and one type-III. In parallel, four different trypsins have been purified from midgut lumen of late instar MCB larvae. N-terminal sequencing and mass spectrometric analyses of purified trypsins have been performed in order to identify cDNAs coding for major trypsins among the diversity of trypsin-like sequences obtained. Thus, it is revealed that the four purified trypsins in MCB belong to the three well-defined phylogenetic groups of trypsin-like sequences detected in Lepidoptera. Major active trypsins present in late instar MCB lumen guts are trypsin-I (type-I), trypsin-IIA and trypsin-IIB (type-II), and trypsin-III (type-III). Trypsin-I, trypsin-IIA and trypsin-III showed preference for Arg over Lys, but responded differently to proteinaceous or synthetic inhibitors. As full-length cDNA clones coding for the purified trypsins were available, three-dimensional protein models were built in order to study the implication of specific residues on their response to inhibitors. Thus, it is predicted that Arg73, conserved in type-I lepidopteran trypsins, may favour reversible inhibition by the E-64. Indeed, the substitution of Val213Cys, unique for type-II lepidopteran trypsins, may be responsible for their specific inhibition by HgCl2. The implication of these results on the optim, Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

El sistema Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) es una de las tecnologías emergentes de acceso inalámbrico de banda ancha a la Internet. Existen algunas líneas de investigación abiertas en la actualidad que están encaminadas al desarrollo de algoritmos eficientes de gestión de los recursos radio con el objetivo de garantizar una cierta calidad en las comunicaciones para este tipo de sistemas. Con el objetivo de contribuir en esta dirección, se ha desarrollado un simulador de sistema LMDS que permite estudiar y analizar diferentes propuestas para este tipo de algoritmos. El simulador incluye todas las funcionalidades de la capa MAC del estándar IEEE 802.16 así como un conjunto de herramientas para obtener estadísticas significativas del rendimiento del sistema. Por otro lado, se ha realizado una propuesta de algoritmo cuyas prestaciones han sido analizadas con el simulador, demostrando cumplir los requisitos de diseño de forma eficiente., Postprint (published version)

Autor del tomo 3º: Mariano Montaner de la Poza; autores del tomo 4º: Mariano Montaner de la Poza y N. Durán Desumvila

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