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1. GRAd-COV2 vaccine provides potent and durable humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Author: Capone, S, Fusco, F, Milleri, S, Borre, S, Carbonara, S, Lo Caputo, S, Leone, S, Gori, G, Maggi, P, Cascio, A, Lichtner, M, Cauda, R, Dal Zoppo, S, Cossu, M, Gori, A, Roda, S, Confalonieri, P, Bonora, S, Missale, G, Codeluppi, M, Mezzaroma, I, Capici, S, Pontali, E, Libanore, M, Diani, A, Lanini, S, Battella, S, Contino, A, Piano Mortari, E, Genova, F, Parente, G, Dragonetti, R, Colloca, S, Visani, L, Iannacone, C, Carsetti, R, Folgori, A, Camerini, R, Ziviani, L, Malescio, F, Turrini, I, Lawlor, R, Romano, A, Nunziata, M, Armato, S, Mazzeo, N, Carleo, M, Dell'Isola, C, Pisapia, R, Pontarelli, A, Olivani, A, Grasselli, S, Laccabue, D, Leoni, M, Paolillo, F, Mancini, A, Ruaro, B, Confalonieri, M, Salton, F, Mancarella, G, Marocco, R, De Masi, M, Belvisi, V, Lamonica, S, Cingolani, A, Seguiti, C, Brambilla, P, Ferraresi, A, Lupi, M, Ludovisi, S, Renisi, G, Massafra, R, Pellicciotta, M, Armiento, L, Vimercati, S, Piacenza, M, Bonfanti, P, Columpsi, P, Cazzaniga, M, Rovelli, C, Ceresini, M, Previtali, L, Trentini, L, Alcantarini, C, Rugge, W, Biffi, S, Poletti, F, Rostagno, R, Moglia, R, De Negri, F, Fini, E, Cangialosi, A, Bruno, S, Rizzo, M, Niglio, M, Stritto, A, Matano, A, Petruzziello, A, Valsecchi, P, Pieri, T, Altamura, M, Calamo, A, Giannelli, A, Menolascina, S, Di Bari, S, Mauro, V, Aronica, R, Segala, D, Cultrera, R, Sighinolfi, L, Abbott, M, Gizzi, A, Marascia, F, Valenti, G, Feasi, M, Bobbio, N, Del Puente, F, Nicosia, A, Frasca, M, Mazzoleni, M, Garofalo, N, Ammendola, V, Grazioli, F, Napolitano, F, Vitelli, A, Marcellini, V, Capone S., Fusco F. M., Milleri S., Borre S., Carbonara S., Lo Caputo S., Leone S., Gori G., Maggi P., Cascio A., Lichtner M., Cauda R., Dal Zoppo S., Cossu M. V., Gori A., Roda S., Confalonieri P., Bonora S., Missale G., Codeluppi M., Mezzaroma I., Capici S., Pontali E., Libanore M., Diani A., Lanini S., Battella S., Contino A. M., Piano Mortari E., Genova F., Parente G., Dragonetti R., Colloca S., Visani L., Iannacone C., Carsetti R., Folgori A., Camerini R., Ziviani L., Malescio F., Turrini I., Lawlor R., Romano A., Nunziata M., Armato S., Mazzeo N., Carleo M. A., Dell'Isola C., Pisapia R., Pontarelli A., Olivani A., Grasselli S., Laccabue D., Leoni M. C., Paolillo F., Mancini A., Ruaro B., Confalonieri M., Salton F., Mancarella G., Marocco R., De Masi M., Belvisi V., Lamonica S., Cingolani A., Seguiti C., Brambilla P., Ferraresi A., Lupi M., Ludovisi S., Renisi G., Massafra R., Pellicciotta M., Armiento L., Vimercati S., Piacenza M., Bonfanti P., Columpsi P., Cazzaniga M. E., Rovelli C., Ceresini M., Previtali L., Trentini L., Alcantarini C., Rugge W., Biffi S., Poletti F., Rostagno R., Moglia R., De Negri F., Fini E., Cangialosi A., Bruno S. R., Rizzo M., Niglio M., Stritto A. D., Matano A., Petruzziello A., Valsecchi P., Pieri T., Altamura M., Calamo A., Giannelli A., Menolascina S., Di Bari S., Mauro V., Aronica R., Segala D., Cultrera R., Sighinolfi L., Abbott M., Gizzi A., Marascia F. G., Valenti G., Feasi M., Bobbio N., Del Puente F., Nicosia A., Frasca M., Mazzoleni M., Garofalo N., Ammendola V., Grazioli F., Napolitano F., Vitelli A., Marcellini V., Capone, S, Fusco, F, Milleri, S, Borre, S, Carbonara, S, Lo Caputo, S, Leone, S, Gori, G, Maggi, P, Cascio, A, Lichtner, M, Cauda, R, Dal Zoppo, S, Cossu, M, Gori, A, Roda, S, Confalonieri, P, Bonora, S, Missale, G, Codeluppi, M, Mezzaroma, I, Capici, S, Pontali, E, Libanore, M, Diani, A, Lanini, S, Battella, S, Contino, A, Piano Mortari, E, Genova, F, Parente, G, Dragonetti, R, Colloca, S, Visani, L, Iannacone, C, Carsetti, R, Folgori, A, Camerini, R, Ziviani, L, Malescio, F, Turrini, I, Lawlor, R, Romano, A, Nunziata, M, Armato, S, Mazzeo, N, Carleo, M, Dell'Isola, C, Pisapia, R, Pontarelli, A, Olivani, A, Grasselli, S, Laccabue, D, Leoni, M, Paolillo, F, Mancini, A, Ruaro, B, Confalonieri, M, Salton, F, Mancarella, G, Marocco, R, De Masi, M, Belvisi, V, Lamonica, S, Cingolani, A, Seguiti, C, Brambilla, P, Ferraresi, A, Lupi, M, Ludovisi, S, Renisi, G, Massafra, R, Pellicciotta, M, Armiento, L, Vimercati, S, Piacenza, M, Bonfanti, P, Columpsi, P, Cazzaniga, M, Rovelli, C, Ceresini, M, Previtali, L, Trentini, L, Alcantarini, C, Rugge, W, Biffi, S, Poletti, F, Rostagno, R, Moglia, R, De Negri, F, Fini, E, Cangialosi, A, Bruno, S, Rizzo, M, Niglio, M, Stritto, A, Matano, A, Petruzziello, A, Valsecchi, P, Pieri, T, Altamura, M, Calamo, A, Giannelli, A, Menolascina, S, Di Bari, S, Mauro, V, Aronica, R, Segala, D, Cultrera, R, Sighinolfi, L, Abbott, M, Gizzi, A, Marascia, F, Valenti, G, Feasi, M, Bobbio, N, Del Puente, F, Nicosia, A, Frasca, M, Mazzoleni, M, Garofalo, N, Ammendola, V, Grazioli, F, Napolitano, F, Vitelli, A, Marcellini, V, Capone S., Fusco F. M., Milleri S., Borre S., Carbonara S., Lo Caputo S., Leone S., Gori G., Maggi P., Cascio A., Lichtner M., Cauda R., Dal Zoppo S., Cossu M. V., Gori A., Roda S., Confalonieri P., Bonora S., Missale G., Codeluppi M., Mezzaroma I., Capici S., Pontali E., Libanore M., Diani A., Lanini S., Battella S., Contino A. M., Piano Mortari E., Genova F., Parente G., Dragonetti R., Colloca S., Visani L., Iannacone C., Carsetti R., Folgori A., Camerini R., Ziviani L., Malescio F., Turrini I., Lawlor R., Romano A., Nunziata M., Armato S., Mazzeo N., Carleo M. A., Dell'Isola C., Pisapia R., Pontarelli A., Olivani A., Grasselli S., Laccabue D., Leoni M. C., Paolillo F., Mancini A., Ruaro B., Confalonieri M., Salton F., Mancarella G., Marocco R., De Masi M., Belvisi V., Lamonica S., Cingolani A., Seguiti C., Brambilla P., Ferraresi A., Lupi M., Ludovisi S., Renisi G., Massafra R., Pellicciotta M., Armiento L., Vimercati S., Piacenza M., Bonfanti P., Columpsi P., Cazzaniga M. E., Rovelli C., Ceresini M., Previtali L., Trentini L., Alcantarini C., Rugge W., Biffi S., Poletti F., Rostagno R., Moglia R., De Negri F., Fini E., Cangialosi A., Bruno S. R., Rizzo M., Niglio M., Stritto A. D., Matano A., Petruzziello A., Valsecchi P., Pieri T., Altamura M., Calamo A., Giannelli A., Menolascina S., Di Bari S., Mauro V., Aronica R., Segala D., Cultrera R., Sighinolfi L., Abbott M., Gizzi A., Marascia F. G., Valenti G., Feasi M., Bobbio N., Del Puente F., Nicosia A., Frasca M., Mazzoleni M., Garofalo N., Ammendola V., Grazioli F., Napolitano F., Vitelli A., and Marcellini V.
Abstract: The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and heterologous immunization approaches implemented worldwide for booster doses call for diversified vaccine portfolios. GRAd-COV2 is a gorilla adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccine candidate encoding prefusion-stabilized spike. The safety and immunogenicity of GRAd-COV2 is evaluated in a dose- and regimen-finding phase 2 trial (COVITAR study, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04791423) whereby 917 eligible participants are randomized to receive a single intramuscular GRAd-COV2 administration followed by placebo, or two vaccine injections, or two doses of placebo, spaced over 3 weeks. Here, we report that GRAd-COV2 is well tolerated and induces robust immune responses after a single immunization; a second administration increases binding and neutralizing antibody titers. Potent, variant of concern (VOC) cross-reactive spike-specific T cell response peaks after the first dose and is characterized by high frequencies of CD8s. T cells maintain immediate effector functions and high proliferative potential over time. Thus, GRAd vector is a valuable platform for genetic vaccine development, especially when robust CD8 response is needed.
Published: 2023

2. Notebooks. The Journal for Studies on Power

Author: Congiu, Francesca, Pontarelli, Francesco, Congiu, Francesca, and Pontarelli, Francesco
Abstract: This is the abstract of the contribution in English on the new online and printed Cagliari-based review “Notebooks: Journal for Studies on Power”
Published: 2023

3. Bitwise Signature Comparison: Enabling More Efficient Similarity Estimation

Author: Reviriego Vasallo, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Martínez, Jorge, Reviriego Vasallo, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Martínez, Jorge
Abstract: Estimating the similarity of sets of data is a common operation in computing. Minhash is widely used to estimate similarity by computing a signature for each set and then comparing their signatures. Therefore, signature comparison is an important part of similarity estimation. To make the comparison efficient, the size of the signature components is commonly set to the word size of the processor or to one half or one fourth of it. This enables efficient data manipulation and comparison but is not optimal in terms of storage. For example, 48-bit signatures may be more than enough in many applications but since that size cannot be easily manipulated by most processors, 64-bit signatures are used. This implies a 33.3\% memory overhead. In this paper, Bitwise Signature Comparison (BSC), a method that enables the efficient comparison of signature components of any bitwidth is presented and evaluated. The results show that BSC achieves a similar speed to that of the traditional comparison implementation regardless of the size of the signature components. This enables the use of any signature component size enabling better trade-offs in the implementation of similarity estimation sketches.
Published: 2023

4. Notebooks. The Journal for Studies on Power

Author: Congiu, Francesca, Pontarelli, Francesco, Congiu, Francesca, and Pontarelli, Francesco
Abstract: This is the abstract of the contribution in English on the new online and printed Cagliari-based review “Notebooks: Journal for Studies on Power”
Published: 2023

5. Influence of Aerobic Exercise on Appetite-Regulating Hormones, Ghrelin-o-Acyltransferase and Perceived Hunger in Normal Weight and Obese Adults

Author: Bruneau, Michael, Wood, Richard, Sotir, Susan, Headley, Samuel, O'Neil, Elizabeth, Muñiz, Juan, Cheung, May, Pontarelli, Marissa, Bruneau, Michael, Wood, Richard, Sotir, Susan, Headley, Samuel, O'Neil, Elizabeth, Muñiz, Juan, Cheung, May, and Pontarelli, Marissa
Abstract: Background: Obesity is a major public health issue in the United States (U.S.), affecting an estimated 78 million US adults. Aerobic exercise (AE) is recommended by the American College of Sports Medicine to prevent and treat obesity, yet the effects of AE on circulating hunger hormones including acylated ghrelin and its biological catalyst, ghrelin o-acyltransferase (GOAT) are less known. Objectives: We investigated the effects of AE on circulating concentrations of appetite regulating hormones and GOAT in a pilot sample of adults classified with normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) body weight status. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, nine adults with NW (n=4, body mass index [BMI] = 21.3±1.2 kg/m2 ) and OB (n=5, BMI = 38.9±6.2 kg/m2 ) body weight status completed a preliminary health/fitness assessment. Participants returned to the laboratory on three separate occasions, separated by ≥ 48 hours to perform cycle exercise at 30% and 60% oxygen uptake reserve (VO2 R) or a seated control session with no exercise for 40 min. Fifteen mL of blood was taken pre-and-post exercise and control and were assayed in duplicate. Nonparametric procedures determined whether mean rank differences existed between NW and OB for acylated ghrelin, leptin, insulin, and GOAT in response to exercise and control. Alpha levels were set a priori to p <0.05. Results: Significant mean rank reductions were found in GOAT after compared to before AE and control for NW and OB (p<.05). Significant mean rank differences were found in acylated ghrelin after compared to before performing AE at 60% VO2 R in NW and OB (p<.05); however, differences were not observed between NW and OB (p>.05). Conclusions: Our findings reveal the first available data regarding the effects of AE on GOAT, with NW and OB experiencing equivocal changes pre-to-post AE at 60% VO2 R, and in response to a seated control session.
Published: 2023

6. Processor Security: Detecting Microarchitectural Attacks via Count-Min Sketches

Author: Palumbo, Alessandro, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Arikan, Kerem, Cassano, Luca, Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Ergin, Oğuz, Palumbo, Alessandro, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Arikan, Kerem, Cassano, Luca, Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Ergin, Oğuz
Abstract: The continuous quest for performance pushed processors to incorporate elements such as multiple cores, caches, acceleration units, or speculative execution that make systems very complex. On the other hand, these features often expose unexpected vulnerabilities that pose new challenges. For example, the timing differences introduced by caches or speculative execution can be exploited to leak information or detect activity patterns. Protecting embedded systems from existing attacks is extremely challenging, and it is made even harder by the continuous rise of new microarchitectural attacks (e.g., the Spectre and Orchestration attacks). In this article, we present a new approach based on count-min sketches for detecting microarchitectural attacks in the microprocessors featured by embedded systems. The idea is to add to the system a security checking module (without modifying the microprocessor under protection) in charge of observing the fetched instructions and identifying and signaling possible suspicious activities without interfering with the nominal activity of the system. The proposed approach can be programmed at design time (and reprogrammed after deployment) in order to always keep updated the list of the attacks that the checker is able to identify. We integrated the proposed approach in a large RISC-V core, and we proved its effectiveness in detecting several versions of the Spectre, Orchestration, Rowhammer, and Flush + Reload attacks. In its best configuration, the proposed approach has been able to detect 100% of the attacks, with no false alarms and introducing about 10% area overhead, about 4% power increase, and without working frequency reduction.
Published: 2022

7. Processor Security: Detecting Microarchitectural Attacks via Count-Min Sketches

Author: Ergin, Oğuz, Palumbo, Alessandro, Arikan, Kerem, Cassano, Luca, Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Ergin, Oğuz, Palumbo, Alessandro, Arikan, Kerem, Cassano, Luca, Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Bianchi, Giuseppe
Abstract: The continuous quest for performance pushed processors to incorporate elements such as multiple cores, caches, acceleration units, or speculative execution that make systems very complex. On the other hand, these features often expose unexpected vulnerabilities that pose new challenges. For example, the timing differences introduced by caches or speculative execution can be exploited to leak information or detect activity patterns. Protecting embedded systems from existing attacks is extremely challenging, and it is made even harder by the continuous rise of new microarchitectural attacks (e.g., the Spectre and Orchestration attacks). In this article, we present a new approach based on count-min sketches for detecting microarchitectural attacks in the microprocessors featured by embedded systems. The idea is to add to the system a security checking module (without modifying the microprocessor under protection) in charge of observing the fetched instructions and identifying and signaling possible suspicious activities without interfering with the nominal activity of the system. The proposed approach can be programmed at design time (and reprogrammed after deployment) in order to always keep updated the list of the attacks that the checker is able to identify. We integrated the proposed approach in a large RISC-V core, and we proved its effectiveness in detecting several versions of the Spectre, Orchestration, Rowhammer, and Flush + Reload attacks. In its best configuration, the proposed approach has been able to detect 100% of the attacks, with no false alarms and introducing about 10% area overhead, about 4% power increase, and without working frequency reduction.
Published: 2022

8. Algorithmic TCAMs: Implementing Packet Classification Algorithms in Hardware

Author: Reviriego Vasallo, Pedro, Levy, Gil, Kadosh, Matty, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Reviriego Vasallo, Pedro, Levy, Gil, Kadosh, Matty, and Pontarelli, Salvatore
Abstract: The adoption of cloud computing and the deployment of new services require more and more computing and networking resources in large datacenters. In particular, there is a need for faster rich featured switches. Today, switching integrated circuits can handle more than 50 Tb/s and are expected to reach 100 Tb/s next year. This trend is likely to continue approaching Petabit capacities in a few years. At the same time, switches need to support more advanced packet classification features. This poses many challenges to the designers of switching integrated circuits creating a need for innovations to move forward. One of those challenges is to support programmable packet classification with large rule sets at wire speed using limited silicon footprint. Unfortunately, traditional solutions like Ternary Content Addressable Memories (TCAMs) have high cost in area and power and therefore, are not a viable option for large on-chip rule sets and new alternatives are needed. In the last two decades, researchers have extensively studied the problem of packet classification proposing many algorithms based on standard memories, mostly targeting software implementations. These packet classification algorithms could be a solution to enable large on-chip classification rule sets using standard memories. However, porting the standard packet classification algorithms to a hardware implementation is not a trivial task, due to the different requirements and the different kinds of memory and computing resources available on the ASIC switching chips. This paper describes a packet classification design tailored for high-speed switching integrated circuits, which is currently used in the NVIDIA® Mellanox® Spectrum® switching ASIC product line, illustrating how to solve the mismatch between the usual software-based classification algorithms and the specific requirements of a hardware implementation.
Published: 2022

9. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, M., Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Aleksa, A., Denholm, J.T., Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, M., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Z.F., Palmero, D.J., Munoz-Torrico, M., Gc, R., Gualano, G., Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Y, Hoefsloot, W., Kunst, H., Mazza-Stalder, J., Payen, M.C., Akkerman, O.W., Bernal, E., Manfrin, V., Matteelli, A., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Loidi, J., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Duarte, R., Salinas, N. Escobar, Rosso, R., Laniado-Laborín, R., Robles, E. Martinez, Fernandez, S., Rendon, A., Solovic, I., Tadolini, M., Viggiani, P., Belilovski, E., Boeree, M.J., Cai, Q., Davidavičienė, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Gruslys, V., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis-Escurra, C., Marchese, V., Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, F., Pontarelli, A., Šmite, A., Souleymane, M.B., Vescovo, M., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Caminero, J.A., Codecasa, L.R., García-García, J.M., Esposito, S., Saderi, L., Spanevello, A., Visca, D., Tiberi, S., Pontali, E., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Boom, M. van den, Sotgiu, G., Migliori, G.B., Koirala, S., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, M., Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Aleksa, A., Denholm, J.T., Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, M., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Z.F., Palmero, D.J., Munoz-Torrico, M., Gc, R., Gualano, G., Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Y, Hoefsloot, W., Kunst, H., Mazza-Stalder, J., Payen, M.C., Akkerman, O.W., Bernal, E., Manfrin, V., Matteelli, A., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Loidi, J., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Duarte, R., Salinas, N. Escobar, Rosso, R., Laniado-Laborín, R., Robles, E. Martinez, Fernandez, S., Rendon, A., Solovic, I., Tadolini, M., Viggiani, P., Belilovski, E., Boeree, M.J., Cai, Q., Davidavičienė, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Gruslys, V., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis-Escurra, C., Marchese, V., Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, F., Pontarelli, A., Šmite, A., Souleymane, M.B., Vescovo, M., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Caminero, J.A., Codecasa, L.R., García-García, J.M., Esposito, S., Saderi, L., Spanevello, A., Visca, D., Tiberi, S., Pontali, E., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Boom, M. van den, Sotgiu, G., and Migliori, G.B.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 242615.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends countries introduce new anti-TB drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The aim of the study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bedaquiline (and/or delamanid)- containing regimens in a large cohort of consecutive TB patients treated globally. This observational, prospective study is based on data collected and provided by Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) centres and analysed twice a year. All consecutive patients (including children/adolescents) treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid were enrolled, and managed according to WHO and national guidelines. Overall, 52 centres from 29 countries/regions in all continents reported 883 patients as of January 31st 2021, 24/29 countries/regions providing data on 100% of their consecutive patients (10-80% in the remaining 5 countries). The drug-resistance pattern of the patients was severe (>30% with extensively drug-resistant -TB; median number of resistant drugs 5 (3-7) in the overall cohort and 6 (4-8) among patients with a final outcome). For the patients with a final outcome (477/883, 54.0%) the median (IQR) number of months of anti-TB treatment was 18 (13-23) (in days 553 (385-678)). The proportion of patients achieving sputum smear and culture conversion ranged from 93.4% and 92.8% respectively (whole cohort) to 89.3% and 88.8% respectively (patients with a final outcome), a median (IQR) time to sputum smear and culture conversion of 58 (30-90) days for the whole cohort and 60 (30-100) for patients with a final outcome and, respectively, of 55 (30-90) and 60 (30-90) days for culture conversion. Of 383 patients treated with bedaquiline but not delamanid, 284 (74.2%) achieved treatment success, while 25 (6.5%) died, 11 (2.9%) failed and 63 (16.5%) were lost to follow-up.
Published: 2021

10. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S, Borisov, S, Danila, E, Mariandyshev, A, Shrestha, B, Lukhele, N, Dalcolmo, M, Shakya, SR, Miliauskas, S, Kuksa, L, Manga, S, Aleksa, A, Denholm, JT, Khadka, HB, Skrahina, A, Diktanas, S, Ferrarese, M, Bruchfeld, J, Koleva, A, Piubello, A, Koirala, GS, Udwadia, ZF, Palmero, DJ, Munoz-Torrico, M, Gc, R, Gualano, G, Grecu, V, Motta, I, Papavasileiou, A, Li, Y, Hoefsloot, W, Kunst, H, Mazza-Stalder, J, Payen, M-C, Akkerman, OW, Bernal, E, Manfrin, V, Matteelli, A, Hamdan, HM, Marcos, MN, Cadinanos Loidi, J, Cebrian Gallardo, JJ, Duarte, R, Escobar Salinas, N, Gomez Rosso, R, Laniado-Laborin, R, Martinez Robles, E, Quiros Fernandez, S, Rendon, A, Solovic, I, Tadolini, M, Viggiani, P, Belilovski, E, Boeree, MJ, Cai, Q, Davidaviciene, E, Forsman, LD, De Los Rios, J, Draksiene, J, Duga, A, Elamin, SE, Filippov, A, Garcia, A, Gaudiesiute, I, Gavazova, B, Gayoso, R, Gruslys, V, Jonsson, J, Khimova, E, Madonsela, G, Magis-Escurra, C, Marchese, V, Matei, M, Moschos, C, Nakceriene, B, Nicod, L, Palmieri, F, Pontarelli, A, Smite, A, Souleymane, MB, Vescovo, M, Zablockis, R, Zhurkin, D, Alffenaar, J-W, Caminero, JA, Codecasa, LR, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Esposito, S, Saderi, L, Spanevello, A, Visca, D, Tiberi, S, Pontali, E, Centis, R, D'Ambrosio, L, van den Boom, M, Sotgiuw, G, Migliori, GB, Koirala, S, Borisov, S, Danila, E, Mariandyshev, A, Shrestha, B, Lukhele, N, Dalcolmo, M, Shakya, SR, Miliauskas, S, Kuksa, L, Manga, S, Aleksa, A, Denholm, JT, Khadka, HB, Skrahina, A, Diktanas, S, Ferrarese, M, Bruchfeld, J, Koleva, A, Piubello, A, Koirala, GS, Udwadia, ZF, Palmero, DJ, Munoz-Torrico, M, Gc, R, Gualano, G, Grecu, V, Motta, I, Papavasileiou, A, Li, Y, Hoefsloot, W, Kunst, H, Mazza-Stalder, J, Payen, M-C, Akkerman, OW, Bernal, E, Manfrin, V, Matteelli, A, Hamdan, HM, Marcos, MN, Cadinanos Loidi, J, Cebrian Gallardo, JJ, Duarte, R, Escobar Salinas, N, Gomez Rosso, R, Laniado-Laborin, R, Martinez Robles, E, Quiros Fernandez, S, Rendon, A, Solovic, I, Tadolini, M, Viggiani, P, Belilovski, E, Boeree, MJ, Cai, Q, Davidaviciene, E, Forsman, LD, De Los Rios, J, Draksiene, J, Duga, A, Elamin, SE, Filippov, A, Garcia, A, Gaudiesiute, I, Gavazova, B, Gayoso, R, Gruslys, V, Jonsson, J, Khimova, E, Madonsela, G, Magis-Escurra, C, Marchese, V, Matei, M, Moschos, C, Nakceriene, B, Nicod, L, Palmieri, F, Pontarelli, A, Smite, A, Souleymane, MB, Vescovo, M, Zablockis, R, Zhurkin, D, Alffenaar, J-W, Caminero, JA, Codecasa, LR, Garcia-Garcia, J-M, Esposito, S, Saderi, L, Spanevello, A, Visca, D, Tiberi, S, Pontali, E, Centis, R, D'Ambrosio, L, van den Boom, M, Sotgiuw, G, and Migliori, GB
Abstract: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends countries introduce new anti-TB drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The aim of the study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bedaquiline (and/or delamanid)- containing regimens in a large cohort of consecutive TB patients treated globally. This observational, prospective study is based on data collected and provided by Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) centres and analysed twice a year. All consecutive patients (including children/adolescents) treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid were enrolled, and managed according to WHO and national guidelines. Overall, 52 centres from 29 countries/regions in all continents reported 883 patients as of January 31st 2021, 24/29 countries/regions providing data on 100% of their consecutive patients (10-80% in the remaining 5 countries). The drug-resistance pattern of the patients was severe (>30% with extensively drug-resistant -TB; median number of resistant drugs 5 (3-7) in the overall cohort and 6 (4-8) among patients with a final outcome). For the patients with a final outcome (477/883, 54.0%) the median (IQR) number of months of anti-TB treatment was 18 (13-23) (in days 553 (385-678)). The proportion of patients achieving sputum smear and culture conversion ranged from 93.4% and 92.8% respectively (whole cohort) to 89.3% and 88.8% respectively (patients with a final outcome), a median (IQR) time to sputum smear and culture conversion of 58 (30-90) days for the whole cohort and 60 (30-100) for patients with a final outcome and, respectively, of 55 (30-90) and 60 (30-90) days for culture conversion. Of 383 patients treated with bedaquiline but not delamanid, 284 (74.2%) achieved treatment success, while 25 (6.5%) died, 11 (2.9%) failed and 63 (16.5%) were lost to follow-up.
Published: 2021

11. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, M., Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Aleksa, A., Denholm, J.T., Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, M., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Z.F., Palmero, D.J., Munoz-Torrico, M., Gc, R., Gualano, G., Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Y, Hoefsloot, W., Kunst, H., Mazza-Stalder, J., Payen, M.C., Akkerman, O.W., Bernal, E., Manfrin, V., Matteelli, A., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Loidi, J., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Duarte, R., Salinas, N. Escobar, Rosso, R., Laniado-Laborín, R., Robles, E. Martinez, Fernandez, S., Rendon, A., Solovic, I., Tadolini, M., Viggiani, P., Belilovski, E., Boeree, M.J., Cai, Q., Davidavičienė, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Gruslys, V., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis-Escurra, C., Marchese, V., Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, F., Pontarelli, A., Šmite, A., Souleymane, M.B., Vescovo, M., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Caminero, J.A., Codecasa, L.R., García-García, J.M., Esposito, S., Saderi, L., Spanevello, A., Visca, D., Tiberi, S., Pontali, E., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Boom, M. van den, Sotgiu, G., Migliori, G.B., Koirala, S., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, M., Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Aleksa, A., Denholm, J.T., Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, M., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Z.F., Palmero, D.J., Munoz-Torrico, M., Gc, R., Gualano, G., Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Y, Hoefsloot, W., Kunst, H., Mazza-Stalder, J., Payen, M.C., Akkerman, O.W., Bernal, E., Manfrin, V., Matteelli, A., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Loidi, J., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Duarte, R., Salinas, N. Escobar, Rosso, R., Laniado-Laborín, R., Robles, E. Martinez, Fernandez, S., Rendon, A., Solovic, I., Tadolini, M., Viggiani, P., Belilovski, E., Boeree, M.J., Cai, Q., Davidavičienė, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Gruslys, V., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis-Escurra, C., Marchese, V., Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, F., Pontarelli, A., Šmite, A., Souleymane, M.B., Vescovo, M., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Caminero, J.A., Codecasa, L.R., García-García, J.M., Esposito, S., Saderi, L., Spanevello, A., Visca, D., Tiberi, S., Pontali, E., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Boom, M. van den, Sotgiu, G., and Migliori, G.B.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 242615.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends countries introduce new anti-TB drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The aim of the study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bedaquiline (and/or delamanid)- containing regimens in a large cohort of consecutive TB patients treated globally. This observational, prospective study is based on data collected and provided by Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) centres and analysed twice a year. All consecutive patients (including children/adolescents) treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid were enrolled, and managed according to WHO and national guidelines. Overall, 52 centres from 29 countries/regions in all continents reported 883 patients as of January 31st 2021, 24/29 countries/regions providing data on 100% of their consecutive patients (10-80% in the remaining 5 countries). The drug-resistance pattern of the patients was severe (>30% with extensively drug-resistant -TB; median number of resistant drugs 5 (3-7) in the overall cohort and 6 (4-8) among patients with a final outcome). For the patients with a final outcome (477/883, 54.0%) the median (IQR) number of months of anti-TB treatment was 18 (13-23) (in days 553 (385-678)). The proportion of patients achieving sputum smear and culture conversion ranged from 93.4% and 92.8% respectively (whole cohort) to 89.3% and 88.8% respectively (patients with a final outcome), a median (IQR) time to sputum smear and culture conversion of 58 (30-90) days for the whole cohort and 60 (30-100) for patients with a final outcome and, respectively, of 55 (30-90) and 60 (30-90) days for culture conversion. Of 383 patients treated with bedaquiline but not delamanid, 284 (74.2%) achieved treatment success, while 25 (6.5%) died, 11 (2.9%) failed and 63 (16.5%) were lost to follow-up.
Published: 2021

12. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, C., Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Šmite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D'Ambrosio, L., van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, E., Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, C., Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Šmite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D'Ambrosio, L., van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, and Migliori, Giovanni Battista
Published: 2021

13. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, Cecile, Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Smite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, Cecile, Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Smite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, and Migliori, Giovanni Battista
Published: 2021

14. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, Cecile, Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Smite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, Cecile, Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Smite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, and Migliori, Giovanni Battista
Published: 2021

15. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort

Author: Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, Cecile, Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Smite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Koirala, S., Borisov, Sergey, Danila, Edvardas, Mariandyshev, A., Shrestha, B., Lukhele, N., Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Shakya, S.R., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, Liga, Manga, Selene, Aleksa, Alena, Denholm, Justin, Khadka, H.B., Skrahina, Alena, Diktanas, S., Ferrarese, Maurizio, Bruchfeld, Judith, Koleva, A., Piubello, Alberto, Koirala, G.S., Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, GC, R., Gualano, Gina, Grecu, V.I., Motta, I., Papavasileiou, A., Li, Yang, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Kunst, Heinke, Mazza Stalder, J., Payen, Marie Christine, Akkerman, Onno, Bernal, Enrique, Manfrin, Vinicio, Matteelli, Alberto, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Duarte, Raquel, Escobar Salinas, N., Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Martínez Robles, Elena, Quirós Fernandez, S., Rendón, Adrián, Solovic, Ivan, Tadolini, Marina, Viggiani, Pietro, Belilovski, Evgeny, Boeree, Martin J., Cai, Qingshan, Davidavičienė, Edita, Forsman, L.D., De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Drakšienė, J., Duga, A., Elamin, S.E., Filippov, Alexey, Garcia, A., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, Regina, Gruslys, V., Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Madonsela, G., Magis Escurra, Cecile, Marchese, Valentina, Matei, M., Moschos, C., Nakčerienė, B., Nicod, L., Palmieri, Fabrizio, Pontarelli, Agostina, Smite, Agnese, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Vescovo, Marisa, Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, Dmitry, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Caminero, Jose A., Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, García García, José María, Esposito, Susanna R., Saderi, L., Spanevello, Antonio, Visca, Dina, Tiberi, Simon, Pontali, Emanuele, Centis, Rosella, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Van den Boom, Martin, Sotgiu, Giovanni, and Migliori, Giovanni Battista
Published: 2021

16. Metronome: adaptive and precise intermittent packet retrieval in DPDK

Author: Faltelli, Marco, Belocchi, Giacomo, Quaglia, Francesco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Faltelli, Marco, Belocchi, Giacomo, Quaglia, Francesco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Bianchi, Giuseppe
Abstract: The increasing performance requirements of modern applications place a significant burden on software-based packet processing. Most of today's software input/output accelerations achieve high performance at the expense of reserving CPU resources dedicated to continuously poll the Network Interface Card. This is specifically the case with DPDK (Data Plane Development Kit), probably the most widely used framework for software-based packet processing today. The approach presented in this paper, descriptively called Metronome, has the dual goals of providing CPU utilization proportional to the load, and allowing flexible sharing of CPU resources between I/O tasks and applications. Metronome replaces DPDK's continuous polling with an intermittent sleep&wake mode, and revolves around a new multi-threaded operation, which improves service continuity. Since the proposed operation trades CPU usage with buffering delay, we propose an analytical model devised to dynamically adapt the sleep&wake parameters to the actual traffic load, meanwhile providing a target average latency. Our experimental results show a significant reduction of the CPU cycles, improvements in power usage, and robustness to CPU sharing even when challenged with CPU-intensive applications.
Published: 2021

17. hXDP: Efficient Software Packet Processing on FPGA NICs

Author: Brunella, Marco Spaziani, Belocchi, Giacomo, Bonola, Marco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Siracusano, Giuseppe, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Cammarano, Aniello, Palumbo, Alessandro, Petrucci, Luca, Bifulco, Roberto, Brunella, Marco Spaziani, Belocchi, Giacomo, Bonola, Marco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Siracusano, Giuseppe, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Cammarano, Aniello, Palumbo, Alessandro, Petrucci, Luca, and Bifulco, Roberto
Abstract: FPGA accelerators on the NIC enable the offloading of expensive packet processing tasks from the CPU. However, FPGAs have limited resources that may need to be shared among diverse applications, and programming them is difficult. We present a solution to run Linux's eXpress Data Path programs written in eBPF on FPGAs, using only a fraction of the available hardware resources while matching the performance of high-end CPUs. The iterative execution model of eBPF is not a good fit for FPGA accelerators. Nonetheless, we show that many of the instructions of an eBPF program can be compressed, parallelized or completely removed, when targeting a purpose-built FPGA executor, thereby significantly improving performance. We leverage that to design hXDP, which includes (i) an optimizing-compiler that parallelizes and translates eBPF bytecode to an extended eBPF Instruction-set Architecture defined by us; a (ii) soft-CPU to execute such instructions on FPGA; and (iii) an FPGA-based infrastructure to provide XDP's maps and helper functions as defined within the Linux kernel. We implement hXDP on an FPGA NIC and evaluate it running real-world unmodified eBPF programs. Our implementation is clocked at 156.25MHz, uses about 15% of the FPGA resources, and can run dynamically loaded programs. Despite these modest requirements, it achieves the packet processing throughput of a high-end CPU core and provides a 10x lower packet forwarding latency., Comment: Accepted at USENIX OSDI'20
Published: 2020

18. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report

Author: Borisov, S., Danila, E., Maryandyshev, A., Dalcolmo, M., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Codecasa, L.R., Aleksa, A., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Udwadia, Z.F., Akkerman, O.W., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Denholm, J., Draksiene, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Salinas, N. Escobar, Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Rosso, R., Gruslys, V., Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y, Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Matteelli, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Moschos, C., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Nakceriene, B., Nicod, L., Marcos, M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Saderi, L., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Souleymane, M.B., Tadolini, M., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Yedilbayev, A., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Visca, D., Spanevello, A., Caminero, J.A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Pontali, E., Sotgiu, G., Migliori, G.B., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Maryandyshev, A., Dalcolmo, M., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Codecasa, L.R., Aleksa, A., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Udwadia, Z.F., Akkerman, O.W., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Denholm, J., Draksiene, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Salinas, N. Escobar, Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Rosso, R., Gruslys, V., Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y, Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Matteelli, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Moschos, C., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Nakceriene, B., Nicod, L., Marcos, M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Saderi, L., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Souleymane, M.B., Tadolini, M., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Yedilbayev, A., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Visca, D., Spanevello, A., Caminero, J.A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Pontali, E., Sotgiu, G., and Migliori, G.B.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1-2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3-5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
Published: 2019

19. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A global feasibility study

Author: Akkerman, O., Aleksa, A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Al-Marzouqi, N.H., Arias-Guillen, M., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Borisov, S.E., Bruchfeld, J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Caminero, J.A., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Centis, R., Codecasa, L.R., D'Ambrosio, L., Dalcolmo, M., Danila, E., Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L. Davies, Jefe, J. De Los Rios, Denholm, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Ganatra, S., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gayoso, R., Montoya, A.M. Giraldo, Rosso, R.G. Gomez, Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Ilievska-Poposka, B., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y., Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Manga, S., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Maryandyshev, A., Matteelli, A., Migliori, G.B., Mullerpattan, J.B., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Noordin, N.M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Payen, M.C., Piubello, A., Pontali, E., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Skrahina, A., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Sotgiu, G., Souleymane, M.B., Spanevello, A., Stosic, M., Tadolini, M., Tiberi, S., Udwadia, Z.F., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Visca, D., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Akkerman, O., Aleksa, A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Al-Marzouqi, N.H., Arias-Guillen, M., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Borisov, S.E., Bruchfeld, J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Caminero, J.A., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Centis, R., Codecasa, L.R., D'Ambrosio, L., Dalcolmo, M., Danila, E., Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L. Davies, Jefe, J. De Los Rios, Denholm, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Ganatra, S., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gayoso, R., Montoya, A.M. Giraldo, Rosso, R.G. Gomez, Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Ilievska-Poposka, B., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y., Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Manga, S., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Maryandyshev, A., Matteelli, A., Migliori, G.B., Mullerpattan, J.B., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Noordin, N.M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Payen, M.C., Piubello, A., Pontali, E., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Skrahina, A., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Sotgiu, G., Souleymane, M.B., Spanevello, A., Stosic, M., Tadolini, M., Tiberi, S., Udwadia, Z.F., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Visca, D., Zhurkin, D., and Zignol, M.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 207083.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), The World Health Organization launched a global initiative, known as aDSM (active TB drug safety monitoring and management) to better describe the safety profile of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in real-world settings. However, comprehensive surveillance is difficult to implement in several countries. The aim of the aDSM project is to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing national aDSM registers and to describe the type and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with exposure to the new anti-TB drugs. Following a pilot study carried out in 2016, official involvement of TB reference centres/countries into the project was sought and cases treated with bedaquiline- and/or delamanid-containing regimens were consecutively recruited. AEs were prospectively collected ensuring potential attribution of the AE to a specific drug based on its known safety profile. A total of 309 cases were fully reported from 41 centres in 27 countries (65% males; 268 treated with bedaquiline, 20 with delamanid, and 21 with both drugs) out of an estimated 781 cases the participating countries had committed to report by the first quarter of 2019.
Published: 2019

20. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report

Author: Borisov, S., Danila, E., Maryandyshev, A., Dalcolmo, M., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Codecasa, L.R., Aleksa, A., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Udwadia, Z.F., Akkerman, O.W., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Denholm, J., Draksiene, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Salinas, N. Escobar, Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Rosso, R., Gruslys, V., Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y, Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Matteelli, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Moschos, C., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Nakceriene, B., Nicod, L., Marcos, M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Saderi, L., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Souleymane, M.B., Tadolini, M., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Yedilbayev, A., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Visca, D., Spanevello, A., Caminero, J.A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Pontali, E., Sotgiu, G., Migliori, G.B., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Maryandyshev, A., Dalcolmo, M., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Codecasa, L.R., Aleksa, A., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Udwadia, Z.F., Akkerman, O.W., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Denholm, J., Draksiene, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Salinas, N. Escobar, Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Rosso, R., Gruslys, V., Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y, Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Matteelli, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Moschos, C., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Nakceriene, B., Nicod, L., Marcos, M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Saderi, L., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Souleymane, M.B., Tadolini, M., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Yedilbayev, A., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Visca, D., Spanevello, A., Caminero, J.A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Pontali, E., Sotgiu, G., and Migliori, G.B.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1-2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3-5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
Published: 2019

21. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A global feasibility study

Author: Akkerman, O., Aleksa, A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Al-Marzouqi, N.H., Arias-Guillen, M., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Borisov, S.E., Bruchfeld, J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Caminero, J.A., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Centis, R., Codecasa, L.R., D'Ambrosio, L., Dalcolmo, M., Danila, E., Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L. Davies, Jefe, J. De Los Rios, Denholm, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Ganatra, S., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gayoso, R., Montoya, A.M. Giraldo, Rosso, R.G. Gomez, Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Ilievska-Poposka, B., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y., Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Manga, S., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Maryandyshev, A., Matteelli, A., Migliori, G.B., Mullerpattan, J.B., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Noordin, N.M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Payen, M.C., Piubello, A., Pontali, E., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Skrahina, A., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Sotgiu, G., Souleymane, M.B., Spanevello, A., Stosic, M., Tadolini, M., Tiberi, S., Udwadia, Z.F., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Visca, D., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Akkerman, O., Aleksa, A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Al-Marzouqi, N.H., Arias-Guillen, M., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Borisov, S.E., Bruchfeld, J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Caminero, J.A., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Centis, R., Codecasa, L.R., D'Ambrosio, L., Dalcolmo, M., Danila, E., Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L. Davies, Jefe, J. De Los Rios, Denholm, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Ganatra, S., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gayoso, R., Montoya, A.M. Giraldo, Rosso, R.G. Gomez, Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Ilievska-Poposka, B., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kuksa, L., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y., Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Manga, S., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Maryandyshev, A., Matteelli, A., Migliori, G.B., Mullerpattan, J.B., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Marcos, M., Noordin, N.M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Payen, M.C., Piubello, A., Pontali, E., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Skrahina, A., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Sotgiu, G., Souleymane, M.B., Spanevello, A., Stosic, M., Tadolini, M., Tiberi, S., Udwadia, Z.F., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Visca, D., Zhurkin, D., and Zignol, M.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 207083.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), The World Health Organization launched a global initiative, known as aDSM (active TB drug safety monitoring and management) to better describe the safety profile of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in real-world settings. However, comprehensive surveillance is difficult to implement in several countries. The aim of the aDSM project is to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing national aDSM registers and to describe the type and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with exposure to the new anti-TB drugs. Following a pilot study carried out in 2016, official involvement of TB reference centres/countries into the project was sought and cases treated with bedaquiline- and/or delamanid-containing regimens were consecutively recruited. AEs were prospectively collected ensuring potential attribution of the AE to a specific drug based on its known safety profile. A total of 309 cases were fully reported from 41 centres in 27 countries (65% males; 268 treated with bedaquiline, 20 with delamanid, and 21 with both drugs) out of an estimated 781 cases the participating countries had committed to report by the first quarter of 2019.
Published: 2019

22. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A global feasibility study

Author: Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendon, Adrian, Skrahina, Alena, Šmite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, Zignol, Matteo, Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendon, Adrian, Skrahina, Alena, Šmite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, and Zignol, Matteo
Abstract: The World Health Organization launched a global initiative, known as aDSM (active TB drug safety monitoring and management) to better describe the safety profile of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in real-world settings. However, comprehensive surveillance is difficult to implement in several countries.The aim of the aDSM project is to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing national aDSM registers and to describe the type and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with exposure to the new anti-TB drugs.Following a pilot study carried out in 2016, official involvement of TB reference centres/countries into the project was sought and cases treated with bedaquiline- and/or delamanid-containing regimens were consecutively recruited. AEs were prospectively collected ensuring potential attribution of the AE to a specific drug based on its known safety profile.A total of 309 cases were fully reported from 41 centres in 27 countries (65% males; 268 treated with bedaquiline, 20 with delamanid, and 21 with both drugs) out of an estimated 781 cases the participating countries had committed to report by the first quarter of 2019. Keywords: Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, Adverse events, Monitoring, Delamanid, Bedaquiline
Published: 2019

23. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report

Author: Borisov, S., Danila, E., Maryandyshev, A., Dalcolmo, M., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Codecasa, L.R., Aleksa, A., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Udwadia, Z.F., Akkerman, O.W., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Denholm, J., Draksiene, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Salinas, N. Escobar, Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Rosso, R., Gruslys, V., Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y, Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Matteelli, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Moschos, C., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Nakceriene, B., Nicod, L., Marcos, M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Saderi, L., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Souleymane, M.B., Tadolini, M., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Yedilbayev, A., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Visca, D., Spanevello, A., Caminero, J.A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Pontali, E., Sotgiu, G., Migliori, G.B., Borisov, S., Danila, E., Maryandyshev, A., Dalcolmo, M., Miliauskas, S., Kuksa, L., Manga, S., Skrahina, A., Diktanas, S., Codecasa, L.R., Aleksa, A., Bruchfeld, J., Koleva, A., Piubello, A., Udwadia, Z.F., Akkerman, O.W., Belilovski, E., Bernal, E., Boeree, M.J., Loidi, J., Cai, Q., Gallardo, J.J. Cebrian, Dara, M., Davidaviciene, E., Forsman, L.D., Rios, J. De Los, Denholm, J., Draksiene, J., Duarte, R., Elamin, S.E., Salinas, N. Escobar, Ferrarese, M., Filippov, A., Garcia, A., Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Gaudiesiute, I., Gavazova, B., Gayoso, R., Rosso, R., Gruslys, V., Gualano, G., Hoefsloot, W., Jonsson, J., Khimova, E., Kunst, H., Laniado-Laborin, R., Li, Y, Magis-Escurra, C., Manfrin, V., Marchese, V., Robles, E. Martinez, Matteelli, A., Mazza-Stalder, J., Moschos, C., Munoz-Torrico, M., Hamdan, H. Mustafa, Nakceriene, B., Nicod, L., Marcos, M., Palmero, D.J., Palmieri, F., Papavasileiou, A., Payen, M.C., Pontarelli, A., Quiros, S., Rendon, A., Saderi, L., Smite, A., Solovic, I., Souleymane, M.B., Tadolini, M., Boom, M. van den, Vescovo, M., Viggiani, P., Yedilbayev, A., Zablockis, R., Zhurkin, D., Zignol, M., Visca, D., Spanevello, A., Caminero, J.A., Alffenaar, J.W.C., Tiberi, S., Centis, R., D'Ambrosio, L., Pontali, E., Sotgiu, G., and Migliori, G.B.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1-2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3-5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
Published: 2019

24. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A global feasibility study

Author: Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendon, Adrian, Skrahina, Alena, Šmite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, Zignol, Matteo, Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendon, Adrian, Skrahina, Alena, Šmite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, and Zignol, Matteo
Abstract: The World Health Organization launched a global initiative, known as aDSM (active TB drug safety monitoring and management) to better describe the safety profile of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in real-world settings. However, comprehensive surveillance is difficult to implement in several countries.The aim of the aDSM project is to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing national aDSM registers and to describe the type and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with exposure to the new anti-TB drugs.Following a pilot study carried out in 2016, official involvement of TB reference centres/countries into the project was sought and cases treated with bedaquiline- and/or delamanid-containing regimens were consecutively recruited. AEs were prospectively collected ensuring potential attribution of the AE to a specific drug based on its known safety profile.A total of 309 cases were fully reported from 41 centres in 27 countries (65% males; 268 treated with bedaquiline, 20 with delamanid, and 21 with both drugs) out of an estimated 781 cases the participating countries had committed to report by the first quarter of 2019. Keywords: Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, Adverse events, Monitoring, Delamanid, Bedaquiline
Published: 2019

25. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A global feasibility study

Author: Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendón, Adrián, Skrahina, Alena, Smite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, Zignol, Matteo, Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendón, Adrián, Skrahina, Alena, Smite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, and Zignol, Matteo
Abstract: The World Health Organization launched a global initiative, known as aDSM (active TB drug safety monitoring and management) to better describe the safety profile of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in real-world settings. However, comprehensive surveillance is difficult to implement in several countries.The aim of the aDSM project is to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing national aDSM registers and to describe the type and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with exposure to the new anti-TB drugs.Following a pilot study carried out in 2016, official involvement of TB reference centres/countries into the project was sought and cases treated with bedaquiline- and/or delamanid-containing regimens were consecutively recruited. AEs were prospectively collected ensuring potential attribution of the AE to a specific drug based on its known safety profile.A total of 309 cases were fully reported from 41 centres in 27 countries (65% males; 268 treated with bedaquiline, 20 with delamanid, and 21 with both drugs) out of an estimated 781 cases the participating countries had committed to report by the first quarter of 2019. Keywords: Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, Adverse events, Monitoring, Delamanid, Bedaquiline
Published: 2019

26. Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A global feasibility study

Author: Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendón, Adrián, Skrahina, Alena, Smite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, Zignol, Matteo, Akkerman, Onno, Aleksa, Alena, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Al-Marzouqi, Nada Hassan, Arias Guillén, Miguel, Belilovski, Evgeny, Bernal, Enrique, Boeree, Martin J., Borisov, Sergey, Bruchfeld, Judith, Cadiñanos Loidi, Julen, Cai, Qingshan, Caminero, Jose A., Cebrian Gallardo, Jose Joaquín, Centis, Rosella, Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Dalcolmo, Margareth Pretti, Danila, Edvardas, Dara, Masoud, Davidavičienė, Edita, Davies Forsman, Lina, De Los Rios Jefe, Jorge, Denholm, Justin, Duarte, Raquel, Elamin, Seifeldin Eltaeb, Ferrarese, Maurizio, Filippov, Alexey, Ganatra, Shashank, Garcia, Ana, García García, José María, Gayoso, Regina, Giraldo Montoya, Angela Maria, Gomez Rosso, Roscio Gomez, Gualano, Gina, Hoefsloot, Wouter, Ilievska Poposka, Biljana, Jonsson, Jerker, Khimova, Elena, Kuksa, Liga, Kunst, Heinke, Laniado Laborín, Rafael, Li, Yang, Magis Escurra, Cecile, Manfrin, Vinicio, Manga, Selene, Marchese, Valentina, Martínez Robles, Elena, Maryandyshev, Andrei, Matteelli, Alberto, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Mullerpattan, Jai B., Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Mustafa Hamdan, Hamdan, Nieto Marcos, Magnolia, Noordin, Noorliza Mohamad, Palmero, Domingo Juan, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Payen, Marie Christine, Piubello, Alberto, Pontali, Emanuele, Pontarelli, Agostina, Quirós, Sarai, Rendón, Adrián, Skrahina, Alena, Smite, Agnese, Solovic, Ivan, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Souleymane, Mahamadou Bassirou, Spanevello, Antonio, Stošić, Maja, Tadolini, Marina, Tiberi, Simon, Udwadia, Zarir Farokh, Van den Boom, Martin, Vescovo, Marisa, Viggiani, Pietro, Visca, Dina, Zhurkin, Dmitry, and Zignol, Matteo
Abstract: The World Health Organization launched a global initiative, known as aDSM (active TB drug safety monitoring and management) to better describe the safety profile of new treatment regimens for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in real-world settings. However, comprehensive surveillance is difficult to implement in several countries.The aim of the aDSM project is to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing national aDSM registers and to describe the type and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with exposure to the new anti-TB drugs.Following a pilot study carried out in 2016, official involvement of TB reference centres/countries into the project was sought and cases treated with bedaquiline- and/or delamanid-containing regimens were consecutively recruited. AEs were prospectively collected ensuring potential attribution of the AE to a specific drug based on its known safety profile.A total of 309 cases were fully reported from 41 centres in 27 countries (65% males; 268 treated with bedaquiline, 20 with delamanid, and 21 with both drugs) out of an estimated 781 cases the participating countries had committed to report by the first quarter of 2019. Keywords: Tuberculosis, MDR-TB, Adverse events, Monitoring, Delamanid, Bedaquiline
Published: 2019

27. CuCoTrack: Cuckoo Filter Based Connection Tracking

Author: Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Levy, Gil, Reviriego, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Levy, Gil
Abstract: This paper introduces CuCoTrack, a cuckoo hash based data structure designed to efficiently implement connection tracking. The proposed scheme exploits the fact that queries always match one existing connection to compress the 5-tuple that identifies the connection. This reduces significantly the amount of memory needed to store the connections and also the memory bandwidth needed for lookups. CuCoTrack uses a dynamic fingerprint to avoid collisions thus ensuring that queries are completed in at most two memory accesses and facilitating a hardware implementation. The proposed scheme has been analyzed theoretically and validated by simulation. The results show that using 16 bits for the fingerprint is enough to avoid collisions in practical configurations.
Published: 2018

28. EMOMA: Exact Match in One Memory Access

Author: Pontarelli, Salvatore, Reviriego, Pedro, Mitzenmacher, Michael, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Reviriego, Pedro, and Mitzenmacher, Michael
Abstract: An important function in modern routers and switches is to perform a lookup for a key. Hash-based methods, and in particular cuckoo hash tables, are popular for such lookup operations, but for large structures stored in off-chip memory, such methods have the downside that they may require more than one off-chip memory access to perform the key lookup. Although the number of off-chip memory accesses can be reduced using on-chip approximate membership structures such as Bloom filters, some lookups may still require more than one off-chip memory access. This can be problematic for some hardware implementations, as having only a single off-chip memory access enables a predictable processing of lookups and avoids the need to queue pending requests. We provide a data structure for hash-based lookups based on cuckoo hashing that uses only one off-chip memory access per lookup, by utilizing an on-chip pre-filter to determine which of multiple locations holds a key. We make particular use of the flexibility to move elements within a cuckoo hash table to ensure the pre-filter always gives the correct response. While this requires a slightly more complex insertion procedure and some additional memory accesses during insertions, it is suitable for most packet processing applications where key lookups are much more frequent than insertions. An important feature of our approach is its simplicity. Our approach is based on simple logic that can be easily implemented in hardware, and hardware implementations would benefit most from the single off-chip memory access per lookup.
Published: 2017

29. Adaptive Cuckoo Filters

Author: Mitzenmacher, Michael, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Reviriego, Pedro, Mitzenmacher, Michael, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Reviriego, Pedro
Abstract: We introduce the adaptive cuckoo filter (ACF), a data structure for approximate set membership that extends cuckoo filters by reacting to false positives, removing them for future queries. As an example application, in packet processing queries may correspond to flow identifiers, so a search for an element is likely to be followed by repeated searches for that element. Removing false positives can therefore significantly lower the false positive rate. The ACF, like the cuckoo filter, uses a cuckoo hash table to store fingerprints. We allow fingerprint entries to be changed in response to a false positive in a manner designed to minimize the effect on the performance of the filter. We show that the ACF is able to significantly reduce the false positive rate by presenting both a theoretical model for the false positive rate and simulations using both synthetic data sets and real packet traces.
Published: 2017

30. Relaxing state-access constraints in stateful programmable data planes

Author: Cascone, Carmelo, Bifulco, Roberto, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Capone, Antonio, Cascone, Carmelo, Bifulco, Roberto, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Capone, Antonio
Abstract: Supporting the programming of stateful packet forwarding functions in hardware has recently attracted the interest of the research community. When designing such switching chips, the challenge is to guarantee the ability to program functions that can read and modify data plane's state, while keeping line rate performance and state consistency. Current state-of-the-art designs are based on a very conservative all-or-nothing model: programmability is limited only to those functions that are guaranteed to sustain line rate, with any traffic workload. In effect, this limits the maximum time to execute state update operations. In this paper, we explore possible options to relax these constraints by using simulations on real traffic traces. We then propose a model in which functions can be executed in a larger but bounded time, while preventing data hazards with memory locking. We present results showing that such flexibility can be supported with little or no throughput degradation., Comment: 6 pages
Published: 2017
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31. Relaxing constraints in stateful network data plane design

Author: Cascone, Carmelo, Bifulco, Roberto, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Cascone, Carmelo, Bifulco, Roberto, and Pontarelli, Salvatore
Abstract: Supporting programmable states in the data plane of a forwarding element, e.g., a switch or a NIC, has recently attracted the interest of the research community, which is now looking for the right abstraction to enable the programming of stateful network functions in hardware at line rate. We challenge the conservative assumptions of state-of-the-art abstractions in this field, e.g. always assuming minimum size packets arriving back-to-back. Using trace-based simulations we show that by making more realistic assumptions on the traffic characteristics, e.g. larger average packet size, we can relax the design constraints that currently limit the set of functions that can be implemented at line rate, allowing for more complex functions, with no harm for performance., Comment: Poster abstract. 2 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2017

32. Towards a Stateful Forwarding Abstraction to Implement Scalable Network Functions in Software and Hardware

Author: Petrucci, Luca, Bonelli, Nicola, Bonola, Marco, Procissi, Gregorio, Cascone, Carmelo, Sanvito, Davide, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bifulco, Roberto, Petrucci, Luca, Bonelli, Nicola, Bonola, Marco, Procissi, Gregorio, Cascone, Carmelo, Sanvito, Davide, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Bianchi, Giuseppe, and Bifulco, Roberto
Abstract: An effective packet processing abstraction that leverages software or hardware acceleration techniques can simplify the implementation of high-performance virtual network functions. In this paper, we explore the suitability of SDN switches' stateful forwarding abstractions to model accelerated functions in both software and hardware accelerators, such as optimized software switches and FPGA-based NICs. In particular, we select an Extended Finite State Machine abstraction and demonstrate its suitability by implementing the Linux's iptables interface. By doing so, we provide the acceleration of functions such as stateful firewalls, load balancers and dynamic NATs. We find that supporting a flow-level programming consistency model is an important feature of a programming abstraction in this context. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such a model simplifies the scaling of the system when implemented in software, enabling efficient multi-core processing without harming state consistency., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2016

33. Open Packet Processor: a programmable architecture for wire speed platform-independent stateful in-network processing

Author: Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Sanvito, Davide, Capone, Antonio, Cascone, Carmelo, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Sanvito, Davide, Capone, Antonio, and Cascone, Carmelo
Abstract: This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing debate on how to bring programmability of stateful packet processing tasks inside the network switches, while retaining platform independency. Our proposed approach, named "Open Packet Processor" (OPP), shows the viability (via an hardware prototype relying on commodity HW technologies and operating in a strictly bounded number of clock cycles) of eXtended Finite State Machines (XFSM) as low-level data plane programming abstraction. With the help of examples, including a token bucket and a C4.5 traffic classifier based on a binary tree, we show the ability of OPP to support stateful operation and flow-level feature tracking. Platform independence is accomplished by decoupling the implementation of hardware primitives (registries, conditions, update instructions, forwarding actions, matching facilities) from their usage by an application formally described via an abstract XFSM. We finally discuss limitations and extensions.
Published: 2016

34. A new hardware/software platform and a new 1/E neutron source for soft error studies: Testing FPGAs at the ISIS facility

Author: Violante, M, Sterpone, L, Manuzzato, A, Gerardin, S, Rech, P, Bagatin, M, Paccagnella, A, Andreani, C, Gorini, G, Pietropaolo, A, Cardarilli, G, Pontarelli, S, Frost, C, VIOLANTE, M, STERPONE, L, MANUZZATO, A, GERARDIN, S, RECH, P, BAGATIN, M, PACCAGNELLA, A, ANDREANI, C, PIETROPAOLO, A, CARDARILLI, G, PONTARELLI, S, FROST, C., GORINI, GIUSEPPE, Violante, M, Sterpone, L, Manuzzato, A, Gerardin, S, Rech, P, Bagatin, M, Paccagnella, A, Andreani, C, Gorini, G, Pietropaolo, A, Cardarilli, G, Pontarelli, S, Frost, C, VIOLANTE, M, STERPONE, L, MANUZZATO, A, GERARDIN, S, RECH, P, BAGATIN, M, PACCAGNELLA, A, ANDREANI, C, PIETROPAOLO, A, CARDARILLI, G, PONTARELLI, S, FROST, C., and GORINI, GIUSEPPE
Abstract: We introduce a new hardware/software platform for testing SRAM-based FPGAs under heavy-ion and neutron beams, capable of tracing the bit-flips in the configuration memory back to the physical resources affected in the FPGA. The validation was performed using, for the first time, the neutron source at the RALILSIS facility. The ISlS beam features a 1/E spectrum, which is similar to the terrestrial one with an acceleration between 107 and 10 8 in the energy range 10-100 MeV. The results gathered on Xilinx SRAM-based FPGAs are discussed in terms of cross section and circuit-level modifications. © 2007 IEEE.
Published: 2007

35. Dependable Multicore Architectures at Nanoscale : The View From Europe

Author: Ottavi, Marco, Pontarelli, S., Gizopoulos, D., Bolchini, C., Michael, M. K., Anghel, L., Tahoori, M., Paschalis, A., Reviriego, P., Bringmann, O., Izosimov, Viacheslav, Manhaeve, H., Strydis, C., Hamdioui, S., Ottavi, Marco, Pontarelli, S., Gizopoulos, D., Bolchini, C., Michael, M. K., Anghel, L., Tahoori, M., Paschalis, A., Reviriego, P., Bringmann, O., Izosimov, Viacheslav, Manhaeve, H., Strydis, C., and Hamdioui, S.
Abstract: The introduction of multicore chips allowed the constant increase in delivered performance otherwise impossible to achieve. Multiple microprocessor cores from different instruction set architectures stay at the epicenter of such chips and are surrounded by memory cores of different technologies, sizes and functionalities, as well as by peripheral controllers, special function cores, analog and mixed-signal cores, reconfigurable cores, etc. The functionality as well as the complexity of multicore chips is unprecedented., QC 20151211
Published: 2015
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36. MCU Tolerance in SRAMs through Low Redundancy Triple Adjacent Error Correction

Author: Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información - Institut Universitari d'Aplicacions de les Tecnologies de la Informació, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores - Departament d'Informàtica de Sistemes i Computadors, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Saiz-Adalid, Luis-J., Reviriego, Pedro, Gil, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Maestro, Juan Antonio, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información - Institut Universitari d'Aplicacions de les Tecnologies de la Informació, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores - Departament d'Informàtica de Sistemes i Computadors, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Saiz-Adalid, Luis-J., Reviriego, Pedro, Gil, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Maestro, Juan Antonio
Abstract: (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works., [EN] Static random access memories (SRAMs) are key in electronic systems. They are used not only as standalone devices, but also embedded in application specific integrated circuits. One key challenge for memories is their susceptibility to radiation-induced soft errors that change the value of memory cells. Error correction codes (ECCs) are commonly used to ensure correct data despite soft errors effects in semiconductor memories. Single error correction/double error detection (SEC-DED) codes have been traditionally the preferred choice for data protection in SRAMs. During the last decade, the percentage of errors that affect more than one memory cell has increased substantially, mainly due to multiple cell upsets (MCUs) caused by radiation. The bits affected by these errors are physically close. To mitigate their effects, ECCs that correct single errors and double adjacent errors have been proposed. These codes, known as single error correction/double adjacent error correction (SEC-DAEC), require the same number of parity bits as traditional SEC-DED codes and a moderate increase in the decoder complexity. However, MCUs are not limited to double adjacent errors, because they affect more bits as technology scales. In this brief, new codes that can correct triple adjacent errors and 3-bit burst errors are presented. They have been implemented using a 45-nm library and compared with previous proposals, showing that our codes have better error protection with a moderate overhead and low redundancy.
Published: 2015

37. MCU Tolerance in SRAMs through Low Redundancy Triple Adjacent Error Correction

Author: Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información - Institut Universitari d'Aplicacions de les Tecnologies de la Informació, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores - Departament d'Informàtica de Sistemes i Computadors, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Saiz-Adalid, Luis-J., Reviriego, Pedro, Gil, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Maestro, Juan Antonio, Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Aplicaciones de las Tecnologías de la Información - Institut Universitari d'Aplicacions de les Tecnologies de la Informació, Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Informática de Sistemas y Computadores - Departament d'Informàtica de Sistemes i Computadors, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Saiz-Adalid, Luis-J., Reviriego, Pedro, Gil, Pedro, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Maestro, Juan Antonio
Abstract: (c) 2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works., [EN] Static random access memories (SRAMs) are key in electronic systems. They are used not only as standalone devices, but also embedded in application specific integrated circuits. One key challenge for memories is their susceptibility to radiation-induced soft errors that change the value of memory cells. Error correction codes (ECCs) are commonly used to ensure correct data despite soft errors effects in semiconductor memories. Single error correction/double error detection (SEC-DED) codes have been traditionally the preferred choice for data protection in SRAMs. During the last decade, the percentage of errors that affect more than one memory cell has increased substantially, mainly due to multiple cell upsets (MCUs) caused by radiation. The bits affected by these errors are physically close. To mitigate their effects, ECCs that correct single errors and double adjacent errors have been proposed. These codes, known as single error correction/double adjacent error correction (SEC-DAEC), require the same number of parity bits as traditional SEC-DED codes and a moderate increase in the decoder complexity. However, MCUs are not limited to double adjacent errors, because they affect more bits as technology scales. In this brief, new codes that can correct triple adjacent errors and 3-bit burst errors are presented. They have been implemented using a 45-nm library and compared with previous proposals, showing that our codes have better error protection with a moderate overhead and low redundancy.
Published: 2015

38. Towards Wire-speed Platform-agnostic Control of OpenFlow Switches

Author: Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Capone, Antonio, Cascone, Carmelo, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Capone, Antonio, Cascone, Carmelo, and Pontarelli, Salvatore
Abstract: The possibility to offload, via a platform-agnostic specification, the execution of (some/part of the) control functions down to the switch and operate them at wire speed based on packet level events, would yield significant benefits in terms of control latency and reaction times, meanwhile retaining the SDN-type ability to program and instantiate a desired network operation from a central controller. While programmability inside the switches, at wire speed and using platform-independent abstractions, of "any possible'" control function seems well beyond the OpenFlow capabilities, in this paper we argue that a non trivial sub-class of stateful control functions, namely those that can be abstracted in terms of Mealy (Finite State) Machines, is already compatible with off-the-shelf OpenFlow version 1.1+ Hardware with marginal architectural modifications. With minimal additional hardware circuitry, the above sub-class can be extended to include support for bidirectional/cross-flow state handling. We demonstrate the viability of our proposed approach via two proof-of-concept implementations (hardware and software), and we show how some stateful control functionalities frequently exploited in network protocols are readily deployed using our application programming interface.
Published: 2014

39. StreaMon: a data-plane programming abstraction for Software-defined Stream Monitoring

Author: Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Picierro, Giulio, Pontarelli, Salvatore, Monaci, Marco, Bianchi, Giuseppe, Bonola, Marco, Picierro, Giulio, Pontarelli, Salvatore, and Monaci, Marco
Abstract: The fast evolving nature of modern cyber threats and network monitoring needs calls for new, "software-defined", approaches to simplify and quicken programming and deployment of online (stream-based) traffic analysis functions. StreaMon is a carefully designed data-plane abstraction devised to scalably decouple the "programming logic" of a traffic analysis application (tracked states, features, anomaly conditions, etc.) from elementary primitives (counting and metering, matching, events generation, etc), efficiently pre-implemented in the probes, and used as common instruction set for supporting the desired logic. Multi-stage multi-step real-time tracking and detection algorithms are supported via the ability to deploy custom states, relevant state transitions, and associated monitoring actions and triggering conditions. Such a separation entails platform-independent, portable, online traffic analysis tasks written in a high level language, without requiring developers to access the monitoring device internals and program their custom monitoring logic via low level compiled languages (e.g., C, assembly, VHDL). We validate our design by developing a prototype and a set of simple (but functionally demanding) use-case applications and by testing them over real traffic traces.
Published: 2013

40. Educación y ciudadanía: alternativas y resistencias a la exclusión social

Author: Andretich, Gabriela, Chapero, María Laura, Correa, Bárbara, Olivieri, María Paula, Pontarelli, Diego, Olmedo, Virginia, Amavet, Ana, Basgall, Silvina, Barreto, María Fernanda, Corrado, Andrea, Ipucha, César, Medela,, Paula, Stigaard, Blanca, Cantero, Germán, Celman, Susana Esther, Ulla, Zunilda, Andretich, Gabriela, Chapero, María Laura, Correa, Bárbara, Olivieri, María Paula, Pontarelli, Diego, Olmedo, Virginia, Amavet, Ana, Basgall, Silvina, Barreto, María Fernanda, Corrado, Andrea, Ipucha, César, Medela,, Paula, Stigaard, Blanca, Cantero, Germán, Celman, Susana Esther, and Ulla, Zunilda
Abstract: En este artículo se exponen resultados de una investigación participativa y etnográfica orientada a aportar a la construcción de una experiencia de educación ciudadana de pretensiones alternativas, que permitió a la vez obtener conocimientos sobre las limitaciones y posibilidades de esas experiencias en contextos históricos, sociales e institucionales contrastantes. Para ello, se tomaron como casos dos instituciones de la Enseñanza General Básica-Tercer ciclo (EGB3): una pequeña escuela rural en Entre Ríos y una gran escuela del conurbano de Buenos Aires, cuyas historias y actores fueron significados como condiciones adecuadas para estos propósitos., In this article, findings of a participative and ethnographic research directed at contributing to the construction of an experience of citizen education of alternative aspirations are presented, which at the same time allowed to obtain knowledge about the limitations and possibilities of those experiences in historical, social and institutional contrasting contexts. To that effect, two institutions of the Third Level of the General Basic Education were taken: a small rural school in the Province of Entre Ríos and a big one in the urban area surrounding Buenos Aires, whose stories and actors were signified as adequate conditions for these purposes, Neste artigo se expõem resultados de uma investigação participativa e etnográfica orientada a contribuir com a construção de uma experiência de educação cidadã de pretensões alternativas, que permitiu à mesma vez obter conhecimentos sobre as limitações e possibilidades dessas experiências em contextos históricos, sociais e institucionais contrastantes. Para isso, tomaram-se como casos duas instituições do Ensino Geral Básico-Terceiro Ciclo (EGB3): uma pequena escola rural em Entre Rios e uma grande escola do conurbano de Buenos Aires, cujas histórias e atores foram significados como condições adequadas para estes propósitos.
Published: 2011

41. Educación y ciudadanía: alternativas y resistencias a la exclusión social

Author: Andretich, Gabriela, Chapero, María Laura, Correa, Bárbara, Olivieri, María Paula, Pontarelli, Diego, Olmedo, Virginia, Amavet, Ana, Basgall, Silvina, Barreto, María Fernanda, Corrado, Andrea, Ipucha, César, Medela,, Paula, Stigaard, Blanca, Cantero, Germán, Celman, Susana Esther, Ulla, Zunilda, Andretich, Gabriela, Chapero, María Laura, Correa, Bárbara, Olivieri, María Paula, Pontarelli, Diego, Olmedo, Virginia, Amavet, Ana, Basgall, Silvina, Barreto, María Fernanda, Corrado, Andrea, Ipucha, César, Medela,, Paula, Stigaard, Blanca, Cantero, Germán, Celman, Susana Esther, and Ulla, Zunilda
Abstract: En este artículo se exponen resultados de una investigación participativa y etnográfica orientada a aportar a la construcción de una experiencia de educación ciudadana de pretensiones alternativas, que permitió a la vez obtener conocimientos sobre las limitaciones y posibilidades de esas experiencias en contextos históricos, sociales e institucionales contrastantes. Para ello, se tomaron como casos dos instituciones de la Enseñanza General Básica-Tercer ciclo (EGB3): una pequeña escuela rural en Entre Ríos y una gran escuela del conurbano de Buenos Aires, cuyas historias y actores fueron significados como condiciones adecuadas para estos propósitos., In this article, findings of a participative and ethnographic research directed at contributing to the construction of an experience of citizen education of alternative aspirations are presented, which at the same time allowed to obtain knowledge about the limitations and possibilities of those experiences in historical, social and institutional contrasting contexts. To that effect, two institutions of the Third Level of the General Basic Education were taken: a small rural school in the Province of Entre Ríos and a big one in the urban area surrounding Buenos Aires, whose stories and actors were signified as adequate conditions for these purposes, Neste artigo se expõem resultados de uma investigação participativa e etnográfica orientada a contribuir com a construção de uma experiência de educação cidadã de pretensões alternativas, que permitiu à mesma vez obter conhecimentos sobre as limitações e possibilidades dessas experiências em contextos históricos, sociais e institucionais contrastantes. Para isso, tomaram-se como casos duas instituições do Ensino Geral Básico-Terceiro Ciclo (EGB3): uma pequena escola rural em Entre Rios e uma grande escola do conurbano de Buenos Aires, cujas histórias e atores foram significados como condições adequadas para estes propósitos.
Published: 2011

42. On the Analysis of Reed Solomon Coding for Resilience to Transient/Permanent Faults in Highly Reliable Memories

Author: Schiano, L., Ottavi, M., Lombardi, F., Pontarelli, S., Salsano, A., Schiano, L., Ottavi, M., Lombardi, F., Pontarelli, S., and Salsano, A.
Abstract: Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as permanent faults can significantly affect the correct on-line operation of digital systems, such as memories and microprocessors; a memory can be made resilient to permanent and transient faults by using modular redundancy and coding. In this paper, different memory systems are compared: these systems utilize simplex and duplex arrangements with a combination of Reed Solomon coding and scrubbing. The memory systems and their operations are analyzed by novel Markov chains to characterize performance for dynamic reconfiguration as well as error detection and correction under the occurrence of permanent and transient faults. For a specific Reed Solomon code, the duplex arrangement allows to efficiently cope with the occurrence of permanent faults, while the use of scrubbing allows to cope with transient faults., Comment: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/)
Published: 2007

43. INFRARED FIBER OPTICS

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO IL, PONTARELLI, D.A., WYCKOFF, P.H., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO IL, PONTARELLI, D.A., and WYCKOFF, P.H.
Abstract: Vitreous infrared transmitting materials were drawn into coated and uncoated fibers by employing techniques developed for the formation of visible radiation transmitting glass coated-glass fiber. Infrared transmitting fiber was fabricated from germanate, silicate and arsenic trisulfide. Crystalline sodium chloride was extruded into relatively large diameter fiber. Plastic materials such as the epoxies and lucite are shown to be suitable potting materials for uncoated fiber. Absorption bands of these materials do not seriously influence the transmitted radiation, however, compounds having few absorption bands are to be favored. The performance of fibers of diameter comparable to the wavelength of the transmitted radiation is analyzed by using dielectric waveguide theory, and the results are interpreted from the optical viewpoint of thin film interference and frustrated total reflection. (Author)
Published: 1961

44. CONTINUOUS FACSIMILE SCANNER EMPLOYING FIBER OPTICS

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO IL, Pontarelli, D. A., Schwab, R., Norikane, K., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO IL, Pontarelli, D. A., Schwab, R., and Norikane, K.
Abstract: Fiber optics was successfully employed to perform the functions of image dissection and scanning in Facsimile Transmission. Two operational models was developed and constructed to incorporate the concept. One was designed to scan copy 8 1/2-inches wide, the other, 18 5/8-inches wide. Both instruments posses the unique capability of continuously scanning copy of any length.
Published: 1969

45. FIBER OPTICS WITH EXTENDED ULTRAVIOLET TRANSMISSION.

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Li,P. C., Olson,H., Pontarelli,D. A., Schwartz,M. A., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Li,P. C., Olson,H., Pontarelli,D. A., and Schwartz,M. A.
Abstract: The objective of this contract is to conduct a research and development program leading to the fabrication of fiber-optic faceplates for cathode ray tubes with high transmission in the near- and medium-ultraviolet spectral regions. The first year's study is primarily to evaluate existing optical glasses (Phase I) and develop improved ones suitable for meeting the specific performance requirements of the contract (Phase II). Known commercial optical glasses having desirable properties, particularly in transmission, softening point, and refractive index, were initially screened. (Author)
Published: 1968

46. CONTINUOUS FACSIMILE SCANNER EMPLOYING FIBER OPTICS.

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Pontarelli,Donald A., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, and Pontarelli,Donald A.
Abstract: The objectives of the program are the design and construction of an advanced development model of a continuous facsimile transmitter employing a fiber optics scanner. The performance of the modulator circuit was evaluated and the black-to-white ratio was determined for different lamp and modulator voltage levels. Pertinent design features of the prototype scanner are presented and discussed. (Author), See also AD-644 963.
Published: 1967

47. CONTINUOUS FACSIMILE SCANNER EMPLOYING FIBER OPTICS.

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Pontarelli,Donald A., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, and Pontarelli,Donald A.
Abstract: The major achievements of the period covered by this report were: (1) Reduction by several orders of magnitude of the defects occurring at the core-coating interface of fibers. (2) Production of a photographic record essentially free of photometric imperfections by means of a 2.5 inch fiber optics facsimile scanner. (3) Identification of grinding and polishing as a phase which requires further detailed study. (4) Accumulation and cataloging of characteristic photodetector data. (Author), See also AD-624 696.
Published: 1966

48. CONTINUOUS FACSIMILE SCANNER EMPLOYING FIBER OPTICS.

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Pontarelli,Donald A., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, and Pontarelli,Donald A.
Abstract: Studies of optical and mechanical configurations towards design and placement of a fiber optics scanner within the confines of AN/GXC-5 Facsimile transmitter. Considerations relative to employment of major numbers of mechanical and electrical components now in use in the facsimile transmitter. Investigation and experimentations are being pursued to provide a higher surface brightness, above that obtained by use of large area fluorescent tubes, in the new fiber optics scanner. (Author)
Published: 1964

49. STUDY OF FACSIMILE SCANNING AND RECORDING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYING FIBER OPTICS.

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Pontarelli ,D. A., Slater,P. N., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO ILL, Pontarelli ,D. A., and Slater,P. N.
Abstract: Facsimile copy can be illuminated and scanned by fiber optics. For diffuse copy the design of the scan and illumination fiber geometry is determined by the desired resolution, separation of fiber ends from the copy and the diameter and numerical aperture of the fibers. For copy in which surface gloss may obscure the base contrast the illumination-scan fiber sheet geometry can be designed to reject the gloss component of surface reflectivity. Expressions which describe the optical properties and the geometric relationship of a generalized combination of fibers and copy resulting in the rejection of the gloss or 'mirror' reflections have been derived. The fiber is fabricated as a single strand which is mechanically assembled into an aligned fiber sheet or some other configuration. Fiber breakage during the assembly of the fiber sheets and the use of a fiber optics component is dependent upon the tensile strength of the fiber. Optical glasses of similar and varied expansion coefficients and softening points were surveyed and a number of combinations chosen for fiber fabrication. (Author)
Published: 1962

50. INFRARED FIBER OPTICS

Author: IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO IL, PONTARELLI, D.A., KAPANY, N.S., IIT RESEARCH INST CHICAGO IL, PONTARELLI, D.A., and KAPANY, N.S.
Published: 1959

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