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1. Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders—ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity

Author: Onderzoeksgroep 1, McWhinney, Sean R., Hlinka, Jaroslav, Bakstein, Eduard, Dietze, Lorielle M.F., Corkum, Emily L.V., Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Nina, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnekoh, Linda M., Boye, Birgitte, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Dannlowski, Udo, Demro, Caroline, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa T., Fortea, Lydia, Fullerton, Janice M., Goltermann, Janik, Gotlib, Ian H., Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur M., Jamalabadi, Hamidreza, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Klahn, Anna Luisa, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lahud, Elijah, Landén, Mikael, Leehr, Elisabeth J., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Mackey, Scott, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip B., Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Nitsch, Robert, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A., Ortuño, Maria, Overs, Bronwyn J., Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Rodriguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew D., Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Scheffler, Freda, Schofield, Peter R., Schürmeyer, Navid, Shen, Chen, Sim, Kang, Sponheim, Scott R., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Suo, Chao, Temmingh, Henk, Teutenberg, Lea, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Urosevic, Snezana, Usemann, Paula, van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vilajosana, Enric, Vreeker, Annabel, Winter, Nils R., Yatham, Lakshmi N., Thompson, Paul M., Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R.K., Hajek, Tomas, Onderzoeksgroep 1, McWhinney, Sean R., Hlinka, Jaroslav, Bakstein, Eduard, Dietze, Lorielle M.F., Corkum, Emily L.V., Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Nina, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnekoh, Linda M., Boye, Birgitte, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Dannlowski, Udo, Demro, Caroline, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa T., Fortea, Lydia, Fullerton, Janice M., Goltermann, Janik, Gotlib, Ian H., Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur M., Jamalabadi, Hamidreza, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Klahn, Anna Luisa, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lahud, Elijah, Landén, Mikael, Leehr, Elisabeth J., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Mackey, Scott, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip B., Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Nitsch, Robert, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A., Ortuño, Maria, Overs, Bronwyn J., Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Rodriguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew D., Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Scheffler, Freda, Schofield, Peter R., Schürmeyer, Navid, Shen, Chen, Sim, Kang, Sponheim, Scott R., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Suo, Chao, Temmingh, Henk, Teutenberg, Lea, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Urosevic, Snezana, Usemann, Paula, van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vilajosana, Enric, Vreeker, Annabel, Winter, Nils R., Yatham, Lakshmi N., Thompson, Paul M., Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R.K., and Hajek, Tomas
Published: 2024

2. Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders-ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity.

Author: McWhinney, Sean, McWhinney, Sean, Hlinka, Jaroslav, Bakstein, Eduard, Dietze, Lorielle, Corkum, Emily, Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Nina, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnekoh, Linda, Boye, Birgitte, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick, Cannon, Dara, Dannlowski, Udo, Demro, Caroline, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa, Fortea, Lydia, Fullerton, Janice, Goltermann, Janik, Gotlib, Ian, Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur, Jamalabadi, Hamidreza, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Klahn, Anna, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lahud, Elijah, Landén, Mikael, Leehr, Elisabeth, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Mackey, Scott, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Nitsch, Robert, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel, Ortuño, Maria, Overs, Bronwyn, Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Rodriguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew, Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Scheffler, Freda, Schofield, Peter, Schürmeyer, Navid, Shen, Chen, Sim, Kang, Sponheim, Scott, Stein, Dan, Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Suo, Chao, Temmingh, Henk, Teutenberg, Lea, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Urosevic, Snezana, Usemann, Paula, van Haren, Neeltje, Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vilajosana, Enric, Vreeker, Annabel, Winter, Nils, Yatham, Lakshmi, Thompson, Paul, Andreassen, Ole, Ching, Christopher, Hajek, Tomas, McWhinney, Sean, McWhinney, Sean, Hlinka, Jaroslav, Bakstein, Eduard, Dietze, Lorielle, Corkum, Emily, Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Nina, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnekoh, Linda, Boye, Birgitte, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick, Cannon, Dara, Dannlowski, Udo, Demro, Caroline, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa, Fortea, Lydia, Fullerton, Janice, Goltermann, Janik, Gotlib, Ian, Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur, Jamalabadi, Hamidreza, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Klahn, Anna, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lahud, Elijah, Landén, Mikael, Leehr, Elisabeth, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Mackey, Scott, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Nitsch, Robert, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel, Ortuño, Maria, Overs, Bronwyn, Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Rodriguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew, Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Scheffler, Freda, Schofield, Peter, Schürmeyer, Navid, Shen, Chen, Sim, Kang, Sponheim, Scott, Stein, Dan, Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Suo, Chao, Temmingh, Henk, Teutenberg, Lea, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Urosevic, Snezana, Usemann, Paula, van Haren, Neeltje, Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vilajosana, Enric, Vreeker, Annabel, Winter, Nils, Yatham, Lakshmi, Thompson, Paul, Andreassen, Ole, Ching, Christopher, and Hajek, Tomas
Abstract: Multivariate techniques better fit the anatomy of complex neuropsychiatric disorders which are characterized not by alterations in a single region, but rather by variations across distributed brain networks. Here, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns of covariance across brain regions and relate them to clinical and demographic variables in a large generalizable dataset of individuals with bipolar disorders and controls. We then compared performance of PCA and clustering on identical sample to identify which methodology was better in capturing links between brain and clinical measures. Using data from the ENIGMA-BD working group, we investigated T1-weighted structural MRI data from 2436 participants with BD and healthy controls, and applied PCA to cortical thickness and surface area measures. We then studied the association of principal components with clinical and demographic variables using mixed regression models. We compared the PCA model with our prior clustering analyses of the same data and also tested it in a replication sample of 327 participants with BD or schizophrenia and healthy controls. The first principal component, which indexed a greater cortical thickness across all 68 cortical regions, was negatively associated with BD, BMI, antipsychotic medications, and age and was positively associated with Li treatment. PCA demonstrated superior goodness of fit to clustering when predicting diagnosis and BMI. Moreover, applying the PCA model to the replication sample yielded significant differences in cortical thickness between healthy controls and individuals with BD or schizophrenia. Cortical thickness in the same widespread regional network as determined by PCA was negatively associated with different clinical and demographic variables, including diagnosis, age, BMI, and treatment with antipsychotic medications or lithium. PCA outperformed clustering and provided an easy-to-use and interpret method to study multivariate associati
Published: 2024

3. Neurostructural subgroup in 4291 individuals with schizophrenia identified using the subtype and stage inference algorithm.

Author: Jiang, Yuchao, Jiang, Yuchao, Luo, Cheng, Wang, Jijun, Palaniyappan, Lena, Chang, Xiao, Xiang, Shitong, Zhang, Jie, Duan, Mingjun, Huang, Huan, Gaser, Christian, Nemoto, Kiyotaka, Miura, Kenichiro, Hashimoto, Ryota, Westlye, Lars, Richard, Genevieve, Fernandez-Cabello, Sara, Parker, Nadine, Andreassen, Ole, Kircher, Tilo, Nenadić, Igor, Stein, Frederike, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Teutenberg, Lea, Usemann, Paula, Dannlowski, Udo, Hahn, Tim, Grotegerd, Dominik, Meinert, Susanne, Lencer, Rebekka, Tang, Yingying, Zhang, Tianhong, Li, Chunbo, Yue, Weihua, Zhang, Yuyanan, Yu, Xin, Zhou, Enpeng, Lin, Ching-Po, Tsai, Shih-Jen, Rodrigue, Amanda, Glahn, David, Pearlson, Godfrey, Blangero, John, Karuk, Andriana, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Salvador, Raymond, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-León, María, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Cheng, Jingliang, Liu, Zhening, Yang, Jie, Gonul, Ali, Uslu, Ozgul, Burhanoglu, Birce, Uyar Demir, Aslihan, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Calhoun, Vince, Sim, Kang, Green, Melissa, Quidé, Yann, Chung, Young, Kim, Woo-Sung, Sponheim, Scott, Demro, Caroline, Ramsay, Ian, Iasevoli, Felice, de Bartolomeis, Andrea, Barone, Annarita, Ciccarelli, Mariateresa, Brunetti, Arturo, Cocozza, Sirio, Pontillo, Giuseppe, Tranfa, Mario, Park, Min, Kirschner, Matthias, Georgiadis, Foivos, Kaiser, Stefan, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn, Rossell, Susan, Hughes, Matthew, Woods, William, Carruthers, Sean, Sumner, Philip, Ringin, Elysha, Spaniel, Filip, Skoch, Antonin, Tomecek, David, Homan, Philipp, Homan, Stephanie, Omlor, Wolfgang, Cecere, Giacomo, Nguyen, Dana, Preda, Adrian, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Jahanshad, Neda, Cui, Long-Biao, Yao, Dezhong, Jiang, Yuchao, Jiang, Yuchao, Luo, Cheng, Wang, Jijun, Palaniyappan, Lena, Chang, Xiao, Xiang, Shitong, Zhang, Jie, Duan, Mingjun, Huang, Huan, Gaser, Christian, Nemoto, Kiyotaka, Miura, Kenichiro, Hashimoto, Ryota, Westlye, Lars, Richard, Genevieve, Fernandez-Cabello, Sara, Parker, Nadine, Andreassen, Ole, Kircher, Tilo, Nenadić, Igor, Stein, Frederike, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Teutenberg, Lea, Usemann, Paula, Dannlowski, Udo, Hahn, Tim, Grotegerd, Dominik, Meinert, Susanne, Lencer, Rebekka, Tang, Yingying, Zhang, Tianhong, Li, Chunbo, Yue, Weihua, Zhang, Yuyanan, Yu, Xin, Zhou, Enpeng, Lin, Ching-Po, Tsai, Shih-Jen, Rodrigue, Amanda, Glahn, David, Pearlson, Godfrey, Blangero, John, Karuk, Andriana, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Salvador, Raymond, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-León, María, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Cheng, Jingliang, Liu, Zhening, Yang, Jie, Gonul, Ali, Uslu, Ozgul, Burhanoglu, Birce, Uyar Demir, Aslihan, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Calhoun, Vince, Sim, Kang, Green, Melissa, Quidé, Yann, Chung, Young, Kim, Woo-Sung, Sponheim, Scott, Demro, Caroline, Ramsay, Ian, Iasevoli, Felice, de Bartolomeis, Andrea, Barone, Annarita, Ciccarelli, Mariateresa, Brunetti, Arturo, Cocozza, Sirio, Pontillo, Giuseppe, Tranfa, Mario, Park, Min, Kirschner, Matthias, Georgiadis, Foivos, Kaiser, Stefan, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn, Rossell, Susan, Hughes, Matthew, Woods, William, Carruthers, Sean, Sumner, Philip, Ringin, Elysha, Spaniel, Filip, Skoch, Antonin, Tomecek, David, Homan, Philipp, Homan, Stephanie, Omlor, Wolfgang, Cecere, Giacomo, Nguyen, Dana, Preda, Adrian, Thomopoulos, Sophia, Jahanshad, Neda, Cui, Long-Biao, and Yao, Dezhong
Abstract: Machine learning can be used to define subtypes of psychiatric conditions based on shared biological foundations of mental disorders. Here we analyzed cross-sectional brain images from 4,222 individuals with schizophrenia and 7038 healthy subjects pooled across 41 international cohorts from the ENIGMA, non-ENIGMA cohorts and public datasets. Using the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, we identify two distinct neurostructural subgroups by mapping the spatial and temporal trajectory of gray matter change in schizophrenia. Subgroup 1 was characterized by an early cortical-predominant loss with enlarged striatum, whereas subgroup 2 displayed an early subcortical-predominant loss in the hippocampus, striatum and other subcortical regions. We confirmed the reproducibility of the two neurostructural subtypes across various sample sites, including Europe, North America and East Asia. This imaging-based taxonomy holds the potential to identify individuals with shared neurobiological attributes, thereby suggesting the viability of redefining existing disorder constructs based on biological factors.
Published: 2024

4. Model reduction methods for nonlinear model predictive control of PDE-based systems: application to ethanol steam reformers

Author: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Braatz, Richard, Salvador Pomarol, Aleix, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Braatz, Richard, and Salvador Pomarol, Aleix
Abstract: Aquest informe estudia l'aplicació de tècniques de reducció de models pel control predictiu no lineal (NMPC) dels reformadors d'etanol (ESR). S'estén el mètode de l'espai nul, tradicionalment utilitzat per a sistemes d'equacions diferencials ordinàries (ODEs) a sistemes d'equacions diferencials en derivades parcials (PDEs), proporcionant un marc sistemàtic per reduir la complexitat computacional d'aquests sistemes. L'estudi també proporciona una extensió del mètode de característiques mitjançant l'ús de tècniques numèriques de diferències finites, ampliant l'aplicabilitat del mètode a sistemes més complexos de PDEs hiperbòliques, com el reformador d'etanol (ESR). Mitjançant el mètode de l'espai nul, s'aconsegueix una reducció del temps computacional del sistema ESR d'aproximadament un 50%, mantenint una alta precisió, mentre que el mètode de característiques demostra una disminució del temps computacional de més del 90%. Cadascun dels dos mètodes es pot aplicar a diferents tipus de sistemes; si s'apliquen en paral·lel, les seves capacitats de millora de computació es superposen sense augmentar l'eficiència addicionalment. Els marcs matemàtics desenvolupats són versàtils i es poden aplicar al disseny de NMPCs per a diferents models descrits per equacions diferencials en derivades parcials (PDEs), amb un ampli ventall d'aplicacions en l'optimització de processos industrials., Este informe estudia la aplicación de técnicas de reducción de modelos para el control predictivo no lineal (NMPC) de reformadores de etanol (ESR). Se extiende el método del espacio nulo, tradicionalmente utilizado para sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias (ODEs), a sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales (PDEs), proporcionando un marco sistemático para reducir la complejidad computacional de estos sistemas. El estudio también proporciona una extensión del método de características mediante el uso de técnicas numéricas de diferencias finitas, ampliando la aplicabilidad del método a sistemas más complejos de PDEs hiperbólicas, como el ESR. A través del método del espacio nulo, se consigue una reducción del tiempo de simulacion del sistema ESR de aproximadamente un 50%, manteniendo una alta precisión, mientras que el método de características demuestra una disminución del tiempo computacional de más del 90%. Cada uno de los dos métodos se puede aplicar a diferentes tipos de sistemas; si se aplican en paralelo, sus capacidades de mejora de computación se superponen sin aumentar la eficiencia adicionalmente. Los marcos matemáticos desarrollados son versátiles y se pueden aplicar al diseño de NMPCs para diferentes modelos descritos por sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales en derivadas parciales (PDEs), con un amplio abanico de aplicaciones en la optimización de procesos industriales., This report explores the application of model reduction techniques to the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) of ethanol steam reformers (ESR). It extends the null-space method traditionally used for systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to systems of partial differential equations (PDEs), providing a systematic framework for reducing the computational complexity of these systems. The study also provides an extension of the method of characteristics by using features from the finite differences method which broadens the applicability of the method to more complex systems of hyperbolic PDEs, such as the ethanol steam reformer (ESR). Through the null-space method, the reduction of computational time for simulations of the ESR system is approximately 50%, maintaining high accuracy, while the method of characteristics demonstrates over 90% computational time decrease. Each of the two methods can be applied to different types of systems; if applied in parallel, their computation-reducing capabilities overlap without further increase in efficiency. The mathematical frameworks developed are versatile and can be applied to produce real-time NMPC for different models described by systems of partial differential equations (PDEs), with a broad range of applications in industrial process optimization., Outgoing
Published: 2024

5. Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders—ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity

Author: McWhinney, Sean R., Hlinka, Jaroslav, Bakstein, Eduard, Dietze, Lorielle M.F., Corkum, Emily L.V., Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Nina, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnekoh, Linda M., Boye, Birgitte, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Dannlowski, Udo, Demro, Caroline, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa T., Fortea, Lydia, Fullerton, Janice M., Goltermann, Janik, Gotlib, Ian H., Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur M., Jamalabadi, Hamidreza, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Klahn, Anna Luisa, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lahud, Elijah, Landén, Mikael, Leehr, Elisabeth J., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Mackey, Scott, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip B., Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Nitsch, Robert, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A., Ortuño, Maria, Overs, Bronwyn J., Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Rodriguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew D., Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Scheffler, Freda, Schofield, Peter R., Schürmeyer, Navid, Shen, Chen, Sim, Kang, Sponheim, Scott R., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Suo, Chao, Temmingh, Henk, Teutenberg, Lea, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Urosevic, Snezana, Usemann, Paula, van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vilajosana, Enric, Vreeker, Annabel, Winter, Nils R., Yatham, Lakshmi N., Thompson, Paul M., Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R.K., Hajek, Tomas, McWhinney, Sean R., Hlinka, Jaroslav, Bakstein, Eduard, Dietze, Lorielle M.F., Corkum, Emily L.V., Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Alexander, Nina, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnekoh, Linda M., Boye, Birgitte, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Dannlowski, Udo, Demro, Caroline, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa T., Fortea, Lydia, Fullerton, Janice M., Goltermann, Janik, Gotlib, Ian H., Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur M., Jamalabadi, Hamidreza, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo, Klahn, Anna Luisa, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lahud, Elijah, Landén, Mikael, Leehr, Elisabeth J., Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Mackey, Scott, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip B., Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Nitsch, Robert, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A., Ortuño, Maria, Overs, Bronwyn J., Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Roberts, Gloria, Rodriguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew D., Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Scheffler, Freda, Schofield, Peter R., Schürmeyer, Navid, Shen, Chen, Sim, Kang, Sponheim, Scott R., Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Suo, Chao, Temmingh, Henk, Teutenberg, Lea, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Urosevic, Snezana, Usemann, Paula, van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vilajosana, Enric, Vreeker, Annabel, Winter, Nils R., Yatham, Lakshmi N., Thompson, Paul M., Andreassen, Ole A., Ching, Christopher R.K., and Hajek, Tomas
Abstract: Multivariate techniques better fit the anatomy of complex neuropsychiatric disorders which are characterized not by alterations in a single region, but rather by variations across distributed brain networks. Here, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns of covariance across brain regions and relate them to clinical and demographic variables in a large generalizable dataset of individuals with bipolar disorders and controls. We then compared performance of PCA and clustering on identical sample to identify which methodology was better in capturing links between brain and clinical measures. Using data from the ENIGMA-BD working group, we investigated T1-weighted structural MRI data from 2436 participants with BD and healthy controls, and applied PCA to cortical thickness and surface area measures. We then studied the association of principal components with clinical and demographic variables using mixed regression models. We compared the PCA model with our prior clustering analyses of the same data and also tested it in a replication sample of 327 participants with BD or schizophrenia and healthy controls. The first principal component, which indexed a greater cortical thickness across all 68 cortical regions, was negatively associated with BD, BMI, antipsychotic medications, and age and was positively associated with Li treatment. PCA demonstrated superior goodness of fit to clustering when predicting diagnosis and BMI. Moreover, applying the PCA model to the replication sample yielded significant differences in cortical thickness between healthy controls and individuals with BD or schizophrenia. Cortical thickness in the same widespread regional network as determined by PCA was negatively associated with different clinical and demographic variables, including diagnosis, age, BMI, and treatment with antipsychotic medications or lithium. PCA outperformed clustering and provided an easy-to-use and interpret method to study multivariate associ
Published: 2024

6. Multi-site benchmark classification of major depressive disorder using machine learning on cortical and subcortical measures.

Author: Belov, V, Erwin-Grabner, T, Aghajani, M, Aleman, A, Amod, AR, Basgoze, Z, Benedetti, F, Besteher, B, Bülow, R, Ching, CRK, Connolly, CG, Cullen, K, Davey, CG, Dima, D, Dols, A, Evans, JW, Fu, CHY, Gonul, AS, Gotlib, IH, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, N, Hamilton, JP, Harrison, BJ, Ho, TC, Mwangi, B, Jaworska, N, Jahanshad, N, Klimes-Dougan, B, Koopowitz, S-M, Lancaster, T, Li, M, Linden, DEJ, MacMaster, FP, Mehler, DMA, Melloni, E, Mueller, BA, Ojha, A, Oudega, ML, Penninx, BWJH, Poletti, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Portella, MJ, Pozzi, E, Reneman, L, Sacchet, MD, Sämann, PG, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Soares, JC, Stein, DJ, Thomopoulos, SI, Uyar-Demir, A, van der Wee, NJA, van der Werff, SJA, Völzke, H, Whittle, S, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Wu, M-J, Yang, TT, Zarate, C, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Thompson, PM, Goya-Maldonado, R, ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group, Belov, V, Erwin-Grabner, T, Aghajani, M, Aleman, A, Amod, AR, Basgoze, Z, Benedetti, F, Besteher, B, Bülow, R, Ching, CRK, Connolly, CG, Cullen, K, Davey, CG, Dima, D, Dols, A, Evans, JW, Fu, CHY, Gonul, AS, Gotlib, IH, Grabe, HJ, Groenewold, N, Hamilton, JP, Harrison, BJ, Ho, TC, Mwangi, B, Jaworska, N, Jahanshad, N, Klimes-Dougan, B, Koopowitz, S-M, Lancaster, T, Li, M, Linden, DEJ, MacMaster, FP, Mehler, DMA, Melloni, E, Mueller, BA, Ojha, A, Oudega, ML, Penninx, BWJH, Poletti, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Portella, MJ, Pozzi, E, Reneman, L, Sacchet, MD, Sämann, PG, Schrantee, A, Sim, K, Soares, JC, Stein, DJ, Thomopoulos, SI, Uyar-Demir, A, van der Wee, NJA, van der Werff, SJA, Völzke, H, Whittle, S, Wittfeld, K, Wright, MJ, Wu, M-J, Yang, TT, Zarate, C, Veltman, DJ, Schmaal, L, Thompson, PM, Goya-Maldonado, R, and ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group
Abstract: Machine learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity in the neuroimaging field due to their potential for classifying neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the diagnostic predictive power of the existing algorithms has been limited by small sample sizes, lack of representativeness, data leakage, and/or overfitting. Here, we overcome these limitations with the largest multi-site sample size to date (N = 5365) to provide a generalizable ML classification benchmark of major depressive disorder (MDD) using shallow linear and non-linear models. Leveraging brain measures from standardized ENIGMA analysis pipelines in FreeSurfer, we were able to classify MDD versus healthy controls (HC) with a balanced accuracy of around 62%. But after harmonizing the data, e.g., using ComBat, the balanced accuracy dropped to approximately 52%. Accuracy results close to random chance levels were also observed in stratified groups according to age of onset, antidepressant use, number of episodes and sex. Future studies incorporating higher dimensional brain imaging/phenotype features, and/or using more advanced machine and deep learning methods may yield more encouraging prospects.
Published: 2024

7. Neurostructural subgroup in 4291 individuals with schizophrenia identified using the subtype and stage inference algorithm.

Author: Jiang, Y, Luo, C, Wang, J, Palaniyappan, L, Chang, X, Xiang, S, Zhang, J, Duan, M, Huang, H, Gaser, C, Nemoto, K, Miura, K, Hashimoto, R, Westlye, LT, Richard, G, Fernandez-Cabello, S, Parker, N, Andreassen, OA, Kircher, T, Nenadić, I, Stein, F, Thomas-Odenthal, F, Teutenberg, L, Usemann, P, Dannlowski, U, Hahn, T, Grotegerd, D, Meinert, S, Lencer, R, Tang, Y, Zhang, T, Li, C, Yue, W, Zhang, Y, Yu, X, Zhou, E, Lin, C-P, Tsai, S-J, Rodrigue, AL, Glahn, D, Pearlson, G, Blangero, J, Karuk, A, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Salvador, R, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-León, MÁ, Spalletta, G, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Cheng, J, Liu, Z, Yang, J, Gonul, AS, Uslu, O, Burhanoglu, BB, Uyar Demir, A, Rootes-Murdy, K, Calhoun, VD, Sim, K, Green, M, Quidé, Y, Chung, YC, Kim, W-S, Sponheim, SR, Demro, C, Ramsay, IS, Iasevoli, F, de Bartolomeis, A, Barone, A, Ciccarelli, M, Brunetti, A, Cocozza, S, Pontillo, G, Tranfa, M, Park, MTM, Kirschner, M, Georgiadis, F, Kaiser, S, Van Rheenen, TE, Rossell, SL, Hughes, M, Woods, W, Carruthers, SP, Sumner, P, Ringin, E, Spaniel, F, Skoch, A, Tomecek, D, Homan, P, Homan, S, Omlor, W, Cecere, G, Nguyen, DD, Preda, A, Thomopoulos, SI, Jahanshad, N, Cui, L-B, Yao, D, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, Cheng, W, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Consortium, Feng, J, ZIB Consortium, Jiang, Y, Luo, C, Wang, J, Palaniyappan, L, Chang, X, Xiang, S, Zhang, J, Duan, M, Huang, H, Gaser, C, Nemoto, K, Miura, K, Hashimoto, R, Westlye, LT, Richard, G, Fernandez-Cabello, S, Parker, N, Andreassen, OA, Kircher, T, Nenadić, I, Stein, F, Thomas-Odenthal, F, Teutenberg, L, Usemann, P, Dannlowski, U, Hahn, T, Grotegerd, D, Meinert, S, Lencer, R, Tang, Y, Zhang, T, Li, C, Yue, W, Zhang, Y, Yu, X, Zhou, E, Lin, C-P, Tsai, S-J, Rodrigue, AL, Glahn, D, Pearlson, G, Blangero, J, Karuk, A, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Salvador, R, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-León, MÁ, Spalletta, G, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Cheng, J, Liu, Z, Yang, J, Gonul, AS, Uslu, O, Burhanoglu, BB, Uyar Demir, A, Rootes-Murdy, K, Calhoun, VD, Sim, K, Green, M, Quidé, Y, Chung, YC, Kim, W-S, Sponheim, SR, Demro, C, Ramsay, IS, Iasevoli, F, de Bartolomeis, A, Barone, A, Ciccarelli, M, Brunetti, A, Cocozza, S, Pontillo, G, Tranfa, M, Park, MTM, Kirschner, M, Georgiadis, F, Kaiser, S, Van Rheenen, TE, Rossell, SL, Hughes, M, Woods, W, Carruthers, SP, Sumner, P, Ringin, E, Spaniel, F, Skoch, A, Tomecek, D, Homan, P, Homan, S, Omlor, W, Cecere, G, Nguyen, DD, Preda, A, Thomopoulos, SI, Jahanshad, N, Cui, L-B, Yao, D, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, Cheng, W, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Consortium, Feng, J, and ZIB Consortium
Abstract: Machine learning can be used to define subtypes of psychiatric conditions based on shared biological foundations of mental disorders. Here we analyzed cross-sectional brain images from 4,222 individuals with schizophrenia and 7038 healthy subjects pooled across 41 international cohorts from the ENIGMA, non-ENIGMA cohorts and public datasets. Using the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, we identify two distinct neurostructural subgroups by mapping the spatial and temporal 'trajectory' of gray matter change in schizophrenia. Subgroup 1 was characterized by an early cortical-predominant loss with enlarged striatum, whereas subgroup 2 displayed an early subcortical-predominant loss in the hippocampus, striatum and other subcortical regions. We confirmed the reproducibility of the two neurostructural subtypes across various sample sites, including Europe, North America and East Asia. This imaging-based taxonomy holds the potential to identify individuals with shared neurobiological attributes, thereby suggesting the viability of redefining existing disorder constructs based on biological factors.
Published: 2024

8. Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders-ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity.

Author: McWhinney, SR, Hlinka, J, Bakstein, E, Dietze, LMF, Corkum, ELV, Abé, C, Alda, M, Alexander, N, Benedetti, F, Berk, M, Bøen, E, Bonnekoh, LM, Boye, B, Brosch, K, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Dannlowski, U, Demro, C, Diaz-Zuluaga, A, Elvsåshagen, T, Eyler, LT, Fortea, L, Fullerton, JM, Goltermann, J, Gotlib, IH, Grotegerd, D, Haarman, B, Hahn, T, Howells, FM, Jamalabadi, H, Jansen, A, Kircher, T, Klahn, AL, Kuplicki, R, Lahud, E, Landén, M, Leehr, EJ, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Mackey, S, Malt, U, Martyn, F, Mazza, E, McDonald, C, McPhilemy, G, Meier, S, Meinert, S, Melloni, E, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Nenadić, I, Nitsch, R, Opel, N, Ophoff, RA, Ortuño, M, Overs, BJ, Pineda-Zapata, J, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Repple, J, Roberts, G, Rodriguez-Cano, E, Sacchet, MD, Salvador, R, Savitz, J, Scheffler, F, Schofield, PR, Schürmeyer, N, Shen, C, Sim, K, Sponheim, SR, Stein, DJ, Stein, F, Straube, B, Suo, C, Temmingh, H, Teutenberg, L, Thomas-Odenthal, F, Thomopoulos, SI, Urosevic, S, Usemann, P, van Haren, NEM, Vargas, C, Vieta, E, Vilajosana, E, Vreeker, A, Winter, NR, Yatham, LN, Thompson, PM, Andreassen, OA, Ching, CRK, Hajek, T, McWhinney, SR, Hlinka, J, Bakstein, E, Dietze, LMF, Corkum, ELV, Abé, C, Alda, M, Alexander, N, Benedetti, F, Berk, M, Bøen, E, Bonnekoh, LM, Boye, B, Brosch, K, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Dannlowski, U, Demro, C, Diaz-Zuluaga, A, Elvsåshagen, T, Eyler, LT, Fortea, L, Fullerton, JM, Goltermann, J, Gotlib, IH, Grotegerd, D, Haarman, B, Hahn, T, Howells, FM, Jamalabadi, H, Jansen, A, Kircher, T, Klahn, AL, Kuplicki, R, Lahud, E, Landén, M, Leehr, EJ, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Mackey, S, Malt, U, Martyn, F, Mazza, E, McDonald, C, McPhilemy, G, Meier, S, Meinert, S, Melloni, E, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Nenadić, I, Nitsch, R, Opel, N, Ophoff, RA, Ortuño, M, Overs, BJ, Pineda-Zapata, J, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Repple, J, Roberts, G, Rodriguez-Cano, E, Sacchet, MD, Salvador, R, Savitz, J, Scheffler, F, Schofield, PR, Schürmeyer, N, Shen, C, Sim, K, Sponheim, SR, Stein, DJ, Stein, F, Straube, B, Suo, C, Temmingh, H, Teutenberg, L, Thomas-Odenthal, F, Thomopoulos, SI, Urosevic, S, Usemann, P, van Haren, NEM, Vargas, C, Vieta, E, Vilajosana, E, Vreeker, A, Winter, NR, Yatham, LN, Thompson, PM, Andreassen, OA, Ching, CRK, and Hajek, T
Abstract: Multivariate techniques better fit the anatomy of complex neuropsychiatric disorders which are characterized not by alterations in a single region, but rather by variations across distributed brain networks. Here, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns of covariance across brain regions and relate them to clinical and demographic variables in a large generalizable dataset of individuals with bipolar disorders and controls. We then compared performance of PCA and clustering on identical sample to identify which methodology was better in capturing links between brain and clinical measures. Using data from the ENIGMA-BD working group, we investigated T1-weighted structural MRI data from 2436 participants with BD and healthy controls, and applied PCA to cortical thickness and surface area measures. We then studied the association of principal components with clinical and demographic variables using mixed regression models. We compared the PCA model with our prior clustering analyses of the same data and also tested it in a replication sample of 327 participants with BD or schizophrenia and healthy controls. The first principal component, which indexed a greater cortical thickness across all 68 cortical regions, was negatively associated with BD, BMI, antipsychotic medications, and age and was positively associated with Li treatment. PCA demonstrated superior goodness of fit to clustering when predicting diagnosis and BMI. Moreover, applying the PCA model to the replication sample yielded significant differences in cortical thickness between healthy controls and individuals with BD or schizophrenia. Cortical thickness in the same widespread regional network as determined by PCA was negatively associated with different clinical and demographic variables, including diagnosis, age, BMI, and treatment with antipsychotic medications or lithium. PCA outperformed clustering and provided an easy-to-use and interpret method to study multivariate associati
Published: 2024

9. Multi-site benchmark classification of major depressive disorder using machine learning on cortical and subcortical measures

Author: Belov, Vladimir, Erwin-Grabner, Tracy, Aghajani, Moji, Aleman, Andre, Amod, Alyssa R., Basgoze, Zeynep, Benedetti, Francesco, Besteher, Bianca, Bülow, Robin, Ching, Christopher R. K., Connolly, Colm G., Cullen, Kathryn, Davey, Christopher G., Dima, Danai, Dols, Annemiek, Evans, Jennifer W., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Groenewold, Nynke, Hamilton, Paul, Harrison, Ben J., Ho, Tiffany C., Mwangi, Benson, Jaworska, Natalia, Jahanshad, Neda, Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie, Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle, Lancaster, Thomas, Li, Meng, Linden, David E. J., MacMaster, Frank P., Mehler, David M. A., Melloni, Elisa, Mueller, Bryon A., Ojha, Amar, Oudega, Mardien L., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Poletti, Sara, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Pozzi, Elena, Reneman, Liesbeth, Sacchet, Matthew D., Saemann, Philipp G., Schrantee, Anouk, Sim, Kang, Soares, Jair C., Stein, Dan J., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Uyar-Demir, Aslihan, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van der Werff, Steven J. A., Voelzke, Henry, Whittle, Sarah, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wright, Margaret J., Wu, Mon-Ju, Yang, Tony T., Zarate, Carlos, Veltman, Dick J., Schmaal, Lianne, Thompson, Paul M., Goya-Maldonado, Roberto, Belov, Vladimir, Erwin-Grabner, Tracy, Aghajani, Moji, Aleman, Andre, Amod, Alyssa R., Basgoze, Zeynep, Benedetti, Francesco, Besteher, Bianca, Bülow, Robin, Ching, Christopher R. K., Connolly, Colm G., Cullen, Kathryn, Davey, Christopher G., Dima, Danai, Dols, Annemiek, Evans, Jennifer W., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Groenewold, Nynke, Hamilton, Paul, Harrison, Ben J., Ho, Tiffany C., Mwangi, Benson, Jaworska, Natalia, Jahanshad, Neda, Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie, Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle, Lancaster, Thomas, Li, Meng, Linden, David E. J., MacMaster, Frank P., Mehler, David M. A., Melloni, Elisa, Mueller, Bryon A., Ojha, Amar, Oudega, Mardien L., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Poletti, Sara, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Pozzi, Elena, Reneman, Liesbeth, Sacchet, Matthew D., Saemann, Philipp G., Schrantee, Anouk, Sim, Kang, Soares, Jair C., Stein, Dan J., Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Uyar-Demir, Aslihan, van der Wee, Nic J. A., van der Werff, Steven J. A., Voelzke, Henry, Whittle, Sarah, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wright, Margaret J., Wu, Mon-Ju, Yang, Tony T., Zarate, Carlos, Veltman, Dick J., Schmaal, Lianne, Thompson, Paul M., and Goya-Maldonado, Roberto
Abstract: Machine learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity in the neuroimaging field due to their potential for classifying neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the diagnostic predictive power of the existing algorithms has been limited by small sample sizes, lack of representativeness, data leakage, and/or overfitting. Here, we overcome these limitations with the largest multi-site sample size to date (N = 5365) to provide a generalizable ML classification benchmark of major depressive disorder (MDD) using shallow linear and non-linear models. Leveraging brain measures from standardized ENIGMA analysis pipelines in FreeSurfer, we were able to classify MDD versus healthy controls (HC) with a balanced accuracy of around 62%. But after harmonizing the data, e.g., using ComBat, the balanced accuracy dropped to approximately 52%. Accuracy results close to random chance levels were also observed in stratified groups according to age of onset, antidepressant use, number of episodes and sex. Future studies incorporating higher dimensional brain imaging/phenotype features, and/or using more advanced machine and deep learning methods may yield more encouraging prospects., Funding Agencies|NIH [U54 EB020403, R01MH116147, MH117601, R37 MH101495]; ERA-NET PRIOMEDCHILD FP 6 (EU) [11.32050.26]; University Medical Center Gottingen (UMG Startforderung); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium fuer Bildung und Forschung) [BMBF: 01 ZX 1507]; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of the Spanish Government; Instituto de Salud Carlos III through a 'Miguel Servet' research contract [CP16-0020]; National Research Plan (Plan Estatal de I + D + I 2016-2019); European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Medical Research Council [G 1100629]; National Center for Mental Health (NCMH) - Health Research Wales [HS/14/20]; Johnson & Johnson Innovation; Swedish Medical Research Council [2017-00875, 2013-07434, 2019-01138]; ALF Grants, Region Ostergotland; National Institutes of Health [R01 CA193522, R01 NS073939]; MD Anderson Cancer Support Grant [P30CA016672]; Canadian Institutes for Health Research; Branch Out Neurological Foundation; Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation; Medical Research Council of South Africa; Intramural Research Program at the National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health (IRP-NIMH-NIH) [ZIA-MH002857]; GGZ Rivierduinen; LUMC; Generalitat de Catalunya [2014 SGR 1573]; Instituto de Salud Carlos III [CPII16/00018, PI14/01151, PI14/01148]; Gratama Foundation, the Netherlands [2012/35]; NIMH [R01 085667]; Dunn Research Foundation; NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (NHMRC) [1064643, 1024570]; National Institute of Mental Health [K23MH090421]; Biotechnology Research Center [P41 RR008079]; National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression; University of Minnesota Graduate School; Minnesota Medical Foundation; Brain and Behavior Research Foundation; National Health and Medical Research Council [1125504]; Geestkracht program of the Netherla
Published: 2024
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10. Nonthermal Heavy Dark Matter from a First-Order Phase Transition

Author: Giudice, Gian F., Lee, Hyun Min, Pomarol, Alex, Shakya, Bibhushan, Giudice, Gian F., Lee, Hyun Min, Pomarol, Alex, and Shakya, Bibhushan
Abstract: We study nonthermal production of heavy dark matter from the dynamics of the background scalar field during a first-order phase transition, predominantly from bubble collisions. In scenarios where bubble walls achieve runaway behavior and get boosted to very high energies, we find that it is possible to produce dark matter with mass several orders of magnitude above the symmetry breaking scale or the highest temperature ever reached by the thermal plasma. We also demonstrate that the existing formalism for calculating particle production from bubble dynamics in a first-order phase transition is not gauge invariant, and can lead to spurious results. While a rigorous and complete resolution of this problem is still lacking, we provide a practical prescription for the computation that avoids unphysical contributions and should provide reliable order-of-magnitude estimates of this effect. Furthermore, we point out the importance of three-body decays of the background field excitations into scalars and gauge bosons, which provide the dominant contributions at energy scales above the scale of symmetry breaking. Using our improved results, we find that scalar, fermion, and vector dark matter are all viable across a large range of mass scales, from O(10) TeV to a few orders of magnitude below the Planck scale, and the corresponding phase transitions can be probed with current and future gravitational wave experiments., Comment: 41 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

11. Quantitative large-scale analysis of judicial decisions: judicial disruption and practices

Author: Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., Font Pomarol, Lluc, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili., and Font Pomarol, Lluc
Published: 2024

12. Exploring the conformal transition from above and below

Author: Pomarol, Alex, Salas, Lindber, Pomarol, Alex, and Salas, Lindber
Abstract: We consider conformal transitions arising from the merging of IR and UV fixed points, expected to occur in QCD with a large enough number of flavors. We study the smoothness of physical quantities across this transition, being mostly determined by the logarithmic breaking of conformal invariance. We investigate this explicitly using holography where approaching the conformal transition either from outside or inside the conformal window (perturbed by a mass term) is characterized by the same dynamics. The mass of spin-1 mesons and $F_\pi$ are shown to be continuous across the transition, as well as the dilaton mass. This implies that the lightness of the dilaton cannot be a consequence of the spontaneous breaking of scale invariance when leaving the conformal window. Our analysis suggests that the light scalar observed in QCD lattice simulations is a $q\bar q$ meson that becomes light since the $q\bar q$-operator dimension reaches its minimal value., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023

13. Bootstrapping the Chiral Anomaly at Large $N_c$

Author: Ma, Teng, Pomarol, Alex, Sciotti, Francesco, Ma, Teng, Pomarol, Alex, and Sciotti, Francesco
Abstract: The bootstrap approach (demanding consistency conditions to scattering amplitudes) has shown to be quite powerful to tightly constrain gauge theories at large $N_c$. We extend previous analysis to scattering amplitudes involving pions and external gauge bosons. These amplitudes allow us to access the chiral anomaly and connect low-energy physical quantities to UV properties of the theory. In particular, we are able to obtain an analytic bound on the chiral anomaly coefficient as a function of the pion dipole polarizabilities. This bound can be useful for holographic models whose dual UV completions are not known, and provide a consistency condition to lattice simulations., Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure. v2: bound on the anomaly generalised and typos corrected
Published: 2023

14. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, M.C., Fukunaga, M., Matsumoto, J., Miura, K., Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Haren, N.E.M. van, Cahn, W., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Kahn, R.S., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Ortoz-García de la Foz, V., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Crespo-Facorro, B., Alnæs, D., Dahl, A., Westlye, L.T., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O.A., Jönsson, E.G., Kochunov, P., Bruggemann, J.M., Catts, S.V., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B.J., Quidé, Y., Rasser, P.E., Schall, U., Scott, R.J., Carr, V.J., Green, M.J., Henskens, F.A., Loughland, C.M., Pantelis, C., Weickert, C.S., Weickert, T.W., Haan, L. de, Brosch, K., Pfarr, J.K., Ringwald, K.G., Stein, F., Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, T.T.J., Nenadić, I., Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, O., Satterthwaite, T.D., Bustillo, J., Mathalon, D.H., Preda, A., Calhoun, V.D., Ford, J.M., Potkin, S.G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, F., Ehrlich, S., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Garcia-Leon, M.A., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Ciullo, V., Piras, F., Vecchio, D., Banaj, N., Spalletta, G., Michielse, S., Amelsvoort, T. van, Dickie, E.W., Voineskos, A.N., Sim, K., Ciufolini, S., Dazzan, P., Murray, R.M., Kim, W.S., Chung, Y.C., Andreou, C., Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S., McIntosh, A.M., Whalley, H.C., Lawrie, S.M., Plessis, S. du, Luckhoff, H.K., Scheffler, F., Emsley, R., Grotegerd, D., Lencer, R., Dannlowski, U., Edmond, J.T., Rootes-Murdy, K., Stephen, J.M., Mayer, A.R., Antonucci, L.A., Fazio, L., Pergola, G., Bertolino, A., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Janssen, J, Lois, N.G., Arango, C., Tomyshev, A.S., Lebedeva, I., Cervenka, S., Sellgren, C.M., Georgiadis, F., Kirschner, M., Kaiser, S., Hajek, T., Skoch, A., Spaniel, F., Kim, M., Kwak, Y.B., Oh, S., Kwon, J.S., James, A., Bakker, G., Knöchel, C., Stäblein, M., Oertel, V., Uhlmann, A., Howells, F.M., Stein, D.J., Temmingh, H.S., Diaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., López-Jaramillo, C., Homan, S., Ji, E., Surbeck, W., Homan, P., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gur, R.C., Hashimoto, R., Jahanshad, N., Luders, E., Medland, S.E., Thompson, P.M., Turner, J.A., Erp, T.G. van, Francks, C., Schijven, Dick, Postema, M.C., Fukunaga, M., Matsumoto, J., Miura, K., Zwarte, S.M.C. de, Haren, N.E.M. van, Cahn, W., Hulshoff Pol, H.E., Kahn, R.S., Ayesa-Arriola, R., Ortoz-García de la Foz, V., Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D., Vázquez-Bourgon, J., Crespo-Facorro, B., Alnæs, D., Dahl, A., Westlye, L.T., Agartz, I., Andreassen, O.A., Jönsson, E.G., Kochunov, P., Bruggemann, J.M., Catts, S.V., Michie, P.T., Mowry, B.J., Quidé, Y., Rasser, P.E., Schall, U., Scott, R.J., Carr, V.J., Green, M.J., Henskens, F.A., Loughland, C.M., Pantelis, C., Weickert, C.S., Weickert, T.W., Haan, L. de, Brosch, K., Pfarr, J.K., Ringwald, K.G., Stein, F., Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, T.T.J., Nenadić, I., Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, O., Satterthwaite, T.D., Bustillo, J., Mathalon, D.H., Preda, A., Calhoun, V.D., Ford, J.M., Potkin, S.G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, F., Ehrlich, S., Fuentes-Claramonte, P., Garcia-Leon, M.A., Guerrero-Pedraza, A., Salvador, R., Sarró, S., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Ciullo, V., Piras, F., Vecchio, D., Banaj, N., Spalletta, G., Michielse, S., Amelsvoort, T. van, Dickie, E.W., Voineskos, A.N., Sim, K., Ciufolini, S., Dazzan, P., Murray, R.M., Kim, W.S., Chung, Y.C., Andreou, C., Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S., McIntosh, A.M., Whalley, H.C., Lawrie, S.M., Plessis, S. du, Luckhoff, H.K., Scheffler, F., Emsley, R., Grotegerd, D., Lencer, R., Dannlowski, U., Edmond, J.T., Rootes-Murdy, K., Stephen, J.M., Mayer, A.R., Antonucci, L.A., Fazio, L., Pergola, G., Bertolino, A., Díaz-Caneja, C.M., Janssen, J, Lois, N.G., Arango, C., Tomyshev, A.S., Lebedeva, I., Cervenka, S., Sellgren, C.M., Georgiadis, F., Kirschner, M., Kaiser, S., Hajek, T., Skoch, A., Spaniel, F., Kim, M., Kwak, Y.B., Oh, S., Kwon, J.S., James, A., Bakker, G., Knöchel, C., Stäblein, M., Oertel, V., Uhlmann, A., Howells, F.M., Stein, D.J., Temmingh, H.S., Diaz-Zuluaga, A.M., Pineda-Zapata, J.A., López-Jaramillo, C., Homan, S., Ji, E., Surbeck, W., Homan, P., Fisher, S.E., Franke, B., Glahn, D.C., Gur, R.C., Hashimoto, R., Jahanshad, N., Luders, E., Medland, S.E., Thompson, P.M., Turner, J.A., Erp, T.G. van, and Francks, C.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext, Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023

15. Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium

Author: Constantinides, C, Han, LKM, Alloza, C, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Bertolino, A, Borgwardt, S, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Bykhovski, O, Calhoun, V, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chung, Y-C, Crespo-Facorro, B, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Donohoe, G, Du Plessis, S, Edmond, J, Ehrlich, S, Emsley, R, Eyler, LT, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Georgiadis, F, Green, M, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Ha, M, Hahn, T, Henskens, FA, Holleran, L, Homan, S, Homan, P, Jahanshad, N, Janssen, J, Ji, E, Kaiser, S, Kaleda, V, Kim, M, Kim, W-S, Kirschner, M, Kochunov, P, Kwak, YB, Kwon, JS, Lebedeva, I, Liu, J, Mitchie, P, Michielse, S, Mothersill, D, Mowry, B, de la Foz, VO-G, Pantelis, C, Pergola, G, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Preda, A, Quide, Y, Rasser, PE, Rootes-Murdy, K, Salvador, R, Sangiuliano, M, Sarro, S, Schall, U, Schmidt, A, Scott, RJ, Selvaggi, P, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Thomopoulos, S, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, van Amelsvoort, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vecchio, D, Voineskos, A, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Thompson, PM, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Cole, JH, Dima, D, Walton, E, Constantinides, C, Han, LKM, Alloza, C, Antonucci, LA, Arango, C, Ayesa-Arriola, R, Banaj, N, Bertolino, A, Borgwardt, S, Bruggemann, J, Bustillo, J, Bykhovski, O, Calhoun, V, Carr, V, Catts, S, Chung, Y-C, Crespo-Facorro, B, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Donohoe, G, Du Plessis, S, Edmond, J, Ehrlich, S, Emsley, R, Eyler, LT, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Georgiadis, F, Green, M, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Ha, M, Hahn, T, Henskens, FA, Holleran, L, Homan, S, Homan, P, Jahanshad, N, Janssen, J, Ji, E, Kaiser, S, Kaleda, V, Kim, M, Kim, W-S, Kirschner, M, Kochunov, P, Kwak, YB, Kwon, JS, Lebedeva, I, Liu, J, Mitchie, P, Michielse, S, Mothersill, D, Mowry, B, de la Foz, VO-G, Pantelis, C, Pergola, G, Piras, F, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Preda, A, Quide, Y, Rasser, PE, Rootes-Murdy, K, Salvador, R, Sangiuliano, M, Sarro, S, Schall, U, Schmidt, A, Scott, RJ, Selvaggi, P, Sim, K, Skoch, A, Spalletta, G, Spaniel, F, Thomopoulos, S, Tomecek, D, Tomyshev, AS, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, van Amelsvoort, T, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Vecchio, D, Voineskos, A, Weickert, CS, Weickert, T, Thompson, PM, Schmaal, L, van Erp, TGM, Turner, J, Cole, JH, Dima, D, and Walton, E
Abstract: Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.55 years (95% CI: 2.91, 4.19; I2 = 57.53%) compared to controls, after adjusting for age, sex and site (Cohen's d = 0.48). Among SZ patients, brain-PAD was not associated with specific clinical characteristics (age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, or antipsychotic use and dose). This large-scale collaborative study suggests advanced structural brain ageing in SZ. Longitudinal studies of SZ and a range of mental and somatic health outcomes will help to further evaluate the clinical implications of increased brain-PAD and its ability to be influenced by interventions.
Published: 2023

16. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., Francks, Clyde, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., and Francks, Clyde
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023
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17. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., Francks, Clyde, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., and Francks, Clyde
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., Francks, Clyde, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., and Francks, Clyde
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Large- scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, D, Postema, MC, Fukunaga, M, Matsumoto, J, Miura, K, de Zwarte, SMC, van Haren, NEM, Cahn, W, Pol, HEH, Kahn, RS, Ayesa-Arriola, R, de la Foz, VO-G, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Alnaes, D, Dahl, A, Westlye, LT, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Jonsson, EG, Kochunov, P, Bruggemann, JM, Catts, SV, Michie, PT, Mowry, BJ, Quide, Y, Rasser, PE, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Carr, VJ, Green, MJ, Henskens, FA, Loughland, CM, Pantelis, C, Weickert, CS, Weickert, TW, De Haan, L, Brosch, K, Pfarr, J-K, Ringwald, KG, Stein, F, Jansen, A, Kircher, TTJ, Nenadic, I, Kramer, B, Gruber, O, Satterthwaite, TD, Bustillo, J, Mathalon, DH, Preda, A, Calhoun, VD, Ford, JM, Potkin, SG, Chen, J, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Xiang, H, Fan, F, Bernardoni, F, Ehrlich, S, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-Leon, MA, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Salvador, R, Sarro, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Ciullo, V, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Michielse, S, van Amelsvoort, T, Dickie, EW, Voineskos, AN, Sim, K, Ciufolini, S, Dazzan, P, Murray, RM, Kim, W-S, Chung, Y-C, Andreou, C, Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Lawrie, SM, Du Plessis, S, Luckhoff, HK, Scheffler, F, Emsley, R, Grotegerd, D, Lencer, R, Dannlowski, U, Edmond, JT, Rootes-Murdy, K, Stephen, JM, Mayer, AR, Antonucci, LA, Fazio, L, Pergola, G, Bertolino, A, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Janssen, J, Lois, NG, Arango, C, Tomyshev, AS, Lebedeva, I, Cervenkav, S, Sellgrenv, CM, Georgiadis, F, Kirschner, M, Kaiser, S, Hajek, T, Skoch, A, Spaniel, F, Kim, M, Bin Kwak, Y, Oh, S, Kwon, JS, James, A, Bakker, G, Knochel, C, Stablein, M, Oertel, V, Uhlmann, A, Howells, FM, Stein, DJ, Temmingh, HS, Diaz-Zuluaga, AM, Pineda-Zapata, JA, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Homan, S, Ji, E, Surbeck, W, Homan, P, Fishera, SE, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gur, RC, Hashimoto, R, Jahanshad, N, Luders, E, Medland, SE, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, Francks, C, Schijven, D, Postema, MC, Fukunaga, M, Matsumoto, J, Miura, K, de Zwarte, SMC, van Haren, NEM, Cahn, W, Pol, HEH, Kahn, RS, Ayesa-Arriola, R, de la Foz, VO-G, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, D, Vazquez-Bourgon, J, Crespo-Facorro, B, Alnaes, D, Dahl, A, Westlye, LT, Agartz, I, Andreassen, OA, Jonsson, EG, Kochunov, P, Bruggemann, JM, Catts, SV, Michie, PT, Mowry, BJ, Quide, Y, Rasser, PE, Schall, U, Scott, RJ, Carr, VJ, Green, MJ, Henskens, FA, Loughland, CM, Pantelis, C, Weickert, CS, Weickert, TW, De Haan, L, Brosch, K, Pfarr, J-K, Ringwald, KG, Stein, F, Jansen, A, Kircher, TTJ, Nenadic, I, Kramer, B, Gruber, O, Satterthwaite, TD, Bustillo, J, Mathalon, DH, Preda, A, Calhoun, VD, Ford, JM, Potkin, SG, Chen, J, Tan, Y, Wang, Z, Xiang, H, Fan, F, Bernardoni, F, Ehrlich, S, Fuentes-Claramonte, P, Garcia-Leon, MA, Guerrero-Pedraza, A, Salvador, R, Sarro, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Ciullo, V, Piras, F, Vecchio, D, Banaj, N, Spalletta, G, Michielse, S, van Amelsvoort, T, Dickie, EW, Voineskos, AN, Sim, K, Ciufolini, S, Dazzan, P, Murray, RM, Kim, W-S, Chung, Y-C, Andreou, C, Schmidt, A, Borgwardt, S, McIntosh, AM, Whalley, HC, Lawrie, SM, Du Plessis, S, Luckhoff, HK, Scheffler, F, Emsley, R, Grotegerd, D, Lencer, R, Dannlowski, U, Edmond, JT, Rootes-Murdy, K, Stephen, JM, Mayer, AR, Antonucci, LA, Fazio, L, Pergola, G, Bertolino, A, Diaz-Caneja, CM, Janssen, J, Lois, NG, Arango, C, Tomyshev, AS, Lebedeva, I, Cervenkav, S, Sellgrenv, CM, Georgiadis, F, Kirschner, M, Kaiser, S, Hajek, T, Skoch, A, Spaniel, F, Kim, M, Bin Kwak, Y, Oh, S, Kwon, JS, James, A, Bakker, G, Knochel, C, Stablein, M, Oertel, V, Uhlmann, A, Howells, FM, Stein, DJ, Temmingh, HS, Diaz-Zuluaga, AM, Pineda-Zapata, JA, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, Homan, S, Ji, E, Surbeck, W, Homan, P, Fishera, SE, Franke, B, Glahn, DC, Gur, RC, Hashimoto, R, Jahanshad, N, Luders, E, Medland, SE, Thompson, PM, Turner, JA, van Erp, TGM, and Francks, C
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023

20. Bootstrapping the Chiral Anomaly at Large $N_c$

Author: Ma, Teng, Pomarol, Alex, Sciotti, Francesco, Ma, Teng, Pomarol, Alex, and Sciotti, Francesco
Abstract: The bootstrap approach (demanding consistency conditions to scattering amplitudes) has shown to be quite powerful to tightly constrain gauge theories at large $N_c$. We extend previous analysis to scattering amplitudes involving pions and external gauge bosons. These amplitudes allow us to access the chiral anomaly and connect low-energy physical quantities to UV properties of the theory. In particular, we are able to obtain an analytic bound on the chiral anomaly coefficient as a function of the pion dipole polarizabilities. This bound can be useful for holographic models whose dual UV completions are not known, and provide a consistency condition to lattice simulations., Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure. v2: bound on the anomaly generalised and typos corrected
Published: 2023

21. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium.

Author: Schijven, Dick, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C, Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, van Haren, Neeltje EM, Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Kahn, René S, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T, Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A, Jönsson, Erik G, Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M, Catts, Stanley V, Michie, Patricia T, Mowry, Bryan J, Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J, Carr, Vaughan J, Green, Melissa J, Henskens, Frans A, Loughland, Carmel M, Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W, de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G, Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo TJ, Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H, Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D, Ford, Judith M, Potkin, Steven G, Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W, Voineskos, Aristotle N, Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M, Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M, Whalley, Heather C, Lawrie, Stephen M, du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K, Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M, Mayer, Andrew R, Antonucci, Linda A, Schijven, Dick, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C, Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, van Haren, Neeltje EM, Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Kahn, René S, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T, Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A, Jönsson, Erik G, Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M, Catts, Stanley V, Michie, Patricia T, Mowry, Bryan J, Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E, Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J, Carr, Vaughan J, Green, Melissa J, Henskens, Frans A, Loughland, Carmel M, Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W, de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G, Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo TJ, Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H, Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D, Ford, Judith M, Potkin, Steven G, Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W, Voineskos, Aristotle N, Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M, Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M, Whalley, Heather C, Lawrie, Stephen M, du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K, Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M, Mayer, Andrew R, and Antonucci, Linda A
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023

22. Brain ageing in schizophrenia: evidence from 26 international cohorts via the ENIGMA Schizophrenia consortium.

Author: Constantinides, Constantinos, Constantinides, Constantinos, Han, Laura KM, Alloza, Clara, Antonucci, Linda Antonella, Arango, Celso, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Banaj, Nerisa, Bertolino, Alessandro, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bruggemann, Jason, Bustillo, Juan, Bykhovski, Oleg, Calhoun, Vince, Carr, Vaughan, Catts, Stanley, Chung, Young-Chul, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M, Donohoe, Gary, Plessis, Stefan Du, Edmond, Jesse, Ehrlich, Stefan, Emsley, Robin, Eyler, Lisa T, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Georgiadis, Foivos, Green, Melissa, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Ha, Minji, Hahn, Tim, Henskens, Frans A, Holleran, Laurena, Homan, Stephanie, Homan, Philipp, Jahanshad, Neda, Janssen, Joost, Ji, Ellen, Kaiser, Stefan, Kaleda, Vasily, Kim, Minah, Kim, Woo-Sung, Kirschner, Matthias, Kochunov, Peter, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lebedeva, Irina, Liu, Jingyu, Mitchie, Patricia, Michielse, Stijn, Mothersill, David, Mowry, Bryan, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Pantelis, Christos, Pergola, Giulio, Piras, Fabrizio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Preda, Adrian, Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Salvador, Raymond, Sangiuliano, Marina, Sarró, Salvador, Schall, Ulrich, Schmidt, André, Scott, Rodney J, Selvaggi, Pierluigi, Sim, Kang, Skoch, Antonin, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Spaniel, Filip, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomecek, David, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Vecchio, Daniela, Voineskos, Aristotle, Weickert, Cynthia S, Weickert, Thomas, Thompson, Paul M, Schmaal, Lianne, van Erp, Theo GM, Turner, Jessica, Cole, James H, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Consortium, Dima, Danai, Walton, Esther, Constantinides, Constantinos, Constantinides, Constantinos, Han, Laura KM, Alloza, Clara, Antonucci, Linda Antonella, Arango, Celso, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Banaj, Nerisa, Bertolino, Alessandro, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bruggemann, Jason, Bustillo, Juan, Bykhovski, Oleg, Calhoun, Vince, Carr, Vaughan, Catts, Stanley, Chung, Young-Chul, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M, Donohoe, Gary, Plessis, Stefan Du, Edmond, Jesse, Ehrlich, Stefan, Emsley, Robin, Eyler, Lisa T, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Georgiadis, Foivos, Green, Melissa, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Ha, Minji, Hahn, Tim, Henskens, Frans A, Holleran, Laurena, Homan, Stephanie, Homan, Philipp, Jahanshad, Neda, Janssen, Joost, Ji, Ellen, Kaiser, Stefan, Kaleda, Vasily, Kim, Minah, Kim, Woo-Sung, Kirschner, Matthias, Kochunov, Peter, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Kwon, Jun Soo, Lebedeva, Irina, Liu, Jingyu, Mitchie, Patricia, Michielse, Stijn, Mothersill, David, Mowry, Bryan, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Pantelis, Christos, Pergola, Giulio, Piras, Fabrizio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Preda, Adrian, Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Salvador, Raymond, Sangiuliano, Marina, Sarró, Salvador, Schall, Ulrich, Schmidt, André, Scott, Rodney J, Selvaggi, Pierluigi, Sim, Kang, Skoch, Antonin, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Spaniel, Filip, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomecek, David, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Vecchio, Daniela, Voineskos, Aristotle, Weickert, Cynthia S, Weickert, Thomas, Thompson, Paul M, Schmaal, Lianne, van Erp, Theo GM, Turner, Jessica, Cole, James H, ENIGMA Schizophrenia Consortium, Dima, Danai, and Walton, Esther
Abstract: Schizophrenia (SZ) is associated with an increased risk of life-long cognitive impairments, age-related chronic disease, and premature mortality. We investigated evidence for advanced brain ageing in adult SZ patients, and whether this was associated with clinical characteristics in a prospective meta-analytic study conducted by the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. The study included data from 26 cohorts worldwide, with a total of 2803 SZ patients (mean age 34.2 years; range 18-72 years; 67% male) and 2598 healthy controls (mean age 33.8 years, range 18-73 years, 55% male). Brain-predicted age was individually estimated using a model trained on independent data based on 68 measures of cortical thickness and surface area, 7 subcortical volumes, lateral ventricular volumes and total intracranial volume, all derived from T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Deviations from a healthy brain ageing trajectory were assessed by the difference between brain-predicted age and chronological age (brain-predicted age difference [brain-PAD]). On average, SZ patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +3.55 years (95% CI: 2.91, 4.19; I2 = 57.53%) compared to controls, after adjusting for age, sex and site (Cohen's d = 0.48). Among SZ patients, brain-PAD was not associated with specific clinical characteristics (age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, or antipsychotic use and dose). This large-scale collaborative study suggests advanced structural brain ageing in SZ. Longitudinal studies of SZ and a range of mental and somatic health outcomes will help to further evaluate the clinical implications of increased brain-PAD and its ability to be influenced by interventions.
Published: 2023

23. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., Francks, Clyde, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., and Francks, Clyde
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023
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24. Mega-analysis of association between obesity and cortical morphology in bipolar disorders: ENIGMA study in 2832 participants.

Author: Fullerton, Janice, Fullerton, Janice, Goikolea, Jose, Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur, Ingvar, Martin, Jahanshad, Neda, Kircher, Tilo, Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus, Landén, Mikael, Lemke, Hannah, Liberg, Benny, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Meller, Tina, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadic, Igor, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel, Overs, Bronwyn, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Raduà, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Richter, Maike, Ringwald, Kai, Roberts, Gloria, Ross, Alex, Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Schmitt, Simon, Schofield, Peter, Sim, Kang, Stein, Dan, Stein, Frederike, Temmingh, Henk, Thiel, Katharina, Thomopoulos, Sophia, van Haren, Neeltje, Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vreeker, Annabel, Waltemate, Lena, Yatham, Lakshmi, Ching, Christopher, Andreassen, Ole, Thompson, Paul, Hajek, Tomas, McWhinney, Sean, Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Benedetti, Francesco, Bøen, Erlend, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Borgers, Tiana, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick, Cannon, Dara, Dannlowski, Udo, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Dietze, Lorielle, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Eyler, Lisa, Fullerton, Janice, Fullerton, Janice, Goikolea, Jose, Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus, Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur, Ingvar, Martin, Jahanshad, Neda, Kircher, Tilo, Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus, Landén, Mikael, Lemke, Hannah, Liberg, Benny, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik, Martyn, Fiona, Mazza, Elena, McDonald, Colm, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Meller, Tina, Melloni, Elisa, Mitchell, Philip, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadic, Igor, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel, Overs, Bronwyn, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Pineda-Zapata, Julian, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Raduà, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Richter, Maike, Ringwald, Kai, Roberts, Gloria, Ross, Alex, Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Schmitt, Simon, Schofield, Peter, Sim, Kang, Stein, Dan, Stein, Frederike, Temmingh, Henk, Thiel, Katharina, Thomopoulos, Sophia, van Haren, Neeltje, Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vreeker, Annabel, Waltemate, Lena, Yatham, Lakshmi, Ching, Christopher, Andreassen, Ole, Thompson, Paul, Hajek, Tomas, McWhinney, Sean, Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Benedetti, Francesco, Bøen, Erlend, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Borgers, Tiana, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick, Cannon, Dara, Dannlowski, Udo, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana, Dietze, Lorielle, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, and Eyler, Lisa
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in individuals with severe mental illness including bipolar disorders (BD). The brain is a target organ for both obesity and BD. Yet, we do not understand how cortical brain alterations in BD and obesity interact. METHODS: We obtained body mass index (BMI) and MRI-derived regional cortical thickness, surface area from 1231 BD and 1601 control individuals from 13 countries within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of BD and BMI on brain structure using mixed effects and tested for interaction and mediation. We also investigated the impact of medications on the BMI-related associations. RESULTS: BMI and BD additively impacted the structure of many of the same brain regions. Both BMI and BD were negatively associated with cortical thickness, but not surface area. In most regions the number of jointly used psychiatric medication classes remained associated with lower cortical thickness when controlling for BMI. In a single region, fusiform gyrus, about a third of the negative association between number of jointly used psychiatric medications and cortical thickness was mediated by association between the number of medications and higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed consistent associations between higher BMI and lower cortical thickness, but not surface area, across the cerebral mantle, in regions which were also associated with BD. Higher BMI in people with BD indicated more pronounced brain alterations. BMI is important for understanding the neuroanatomical changes in BD and the effects of psychiatric medications on the brain.
Published: 2023

25. Attitudes of psychiatrists towards people with mental illness:a cross-sectional, multicentre study of stigma in 32 European countries

Author: Őri, Dorottya, Szocsics, Péter, Molnár, Tamás, Motlova, Lucie Bankovska, Kazakova, Olga, Mörkl, Sabrina, Wallies, Michael, Abdulhakim, Mohamed, Boivin, Sylvie, Bruna, Krista, Cabaços, Carolina, Carbone, Elvira Anna, Dashi, Elona, Grech, Giovanni, Greguras, Stjepan, Ivanovic, Iva, Guevara, Kaloyan, Kakar, Selay, Kotsis, Konstantinos, Ingeholm Klinkby, Ida Maria, Maslak, Jovana, Matheiken, Shevonne, Mirkovic, Ana, Nechepurenko, Nikita, Panayi, Angelis, Pereira, Ana Telma, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Raaj, Shaeraine, Prelog, Polona Rus, Soler-Vidal, Joan, Strumila, Robertas, Schuster, Florian, Kisand, Helena, Reim, Ann, Ahmadova, Gumru, Vircik, Matus, Kafali, Helin Yilmaz, Grinko, Natalia, Győrffy, Zsuzsa, Rózsa, Sándor, Őri, Dorottya, Szocsics, Péter, Molnár, Tamás, Motlova, Lucie Bankovska, Kazakova, Olga, Mörkl, Sabrina, Wallies, Michael, Abdulhakim, Mohamed, Boivin, Sylvie, Bruna, Krista, Cabaços, Carolina, Carbone, Elvira Anna, Dashi, Elona, Grech, Giovanni, Greguras, Stjepan, Ivanovic, Iva, Guevara, Kaloyan, Kakar, Selay, Kotsis, Konstantinos, Ingeholm Klinkby, Ida Maria, Maslak, Jovana, Matheiken, Shevonne, Mirkovic, Ana, Nechepurenko, Nikita, Panayi, Angelis, Pereira, Ana Telma, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Raaj, Shaeraine, Prelog, Polona Rus, Soler-Vidal, Joan, Strumila, Robertas, Schuster, Florian, Kisand, Helena, Reim, Ann, Ahmadova, Gumru, Vircik, Matus, Kafali, Helin Yilmaz, Grinko, Natalia, Győrffy, Zsuzsa, and Rózsa, Sándor
Abstract: Background: Mental health-related stigma occurs among the public and professionals alike. The lived experience of mental illness has been linked to less stigmatising attitudes. However, data on psychiatrists and the relationship between stigmatising attitudes and psychotherapeutic activity or case discussion groups remains scarce. Methods: A cross-sectional multicentre study was performed in 32 European countries to investigate the lived experiences and attitudes of psychiatrists toward patients with mental illness as well as the relationship between stigma, psychosocial and professional factors. The self-reported, anonymous, internet-based Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers was used to measure the stigmatising attitudes. The survey was translated into the local language of each participating country. All participants were practising specialists and trainees in general adult or child and adolescent psychiatry. The study took place between 2nd October, 2019 and 9th July, 2021 and was preregistered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04644978). Findings: A total of 4245 psychiatrists completed the survey. The majority, 2797 (66%), had completed training in psychiatry, and 3320 (78%) worked in adult psychiatry. The final regression model showed that across European countries more favourable attitudes toward people with mental illness were statistically significantly associated with the lived experience of participants (including seeking help for their own mental health conditions (d = −0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.68 to −0.15, p = 0.019), receiving medical treatment for a mental illness (d = −0.88, 95% CI = −1.71 to −0.04, p = 0.040), as well as having a friend or a family member similarly affected (d = −0.68, 95% CI = −1.14 to −0.22, p = 0.004)), being surrounded by colleagues who are less stigmatising (d = −0.98, 95% CI = −1.26 to −0.70, p < 0.001), providing psychotherapy to patients (d
Published: 2023

26. Mega-analysis of association between obesity and cortical morphology in bipolar disorders:ENIGMA study in 2832 participants

Author: Mcwhinney, Sean R., Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Benedetti, Francesco, Boen, Erlend, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Borgers, Tiana, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Dannlowski, Udo, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Dietze, Lorielle M.F., Elvsåshagen, Torbjorn, Eyler, Lisa T., Fullerton, Janice M., Goikolea, Jose M., Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur M., Ingvar, Martin, Jahanshad, Neda, Kircher, Tilo T.J., Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus T., Landén, Mikael, Lemke, Hannah, Liberg, Benny, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik F., Martyn, Fiona M., Mazza, Elena, Mcdonald, Colm, Mcphilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Meller, Tina, Melloni, Elisa M.T., Mitchell, Philip B., Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadic, Igor, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A., Overs, Bronwyn J., Pfarr, Julia Katharina, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Raduà, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Richter, Maike, Ringwald, Kai G., Roberts, Gloria, Ross, Alex, Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Schmitt, Simon, Schofield, Peter R., Sim, Kang, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Temmingh, Henk S., Thiel, Katharina, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vreeker, Annabel, Waltemate, Lena, Yatham, Lakshmi N., Ching, Christopher R.K., Andreassen, Ole A., Thompson, Paul M., Hajek, Tomas, Mcwhinney, Sean R., Abé, Christoph, Alda, Martin, Benedetti, Francesco, Boen, Erlend, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Borgers, Tiana, Brosch, Katharina, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Dannlowski, Udo, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Dietze, Lorielle M.F., Elvsåshagen, Torbjorn, Eyler, Lisa T., Fullerton, Janice M., Goikolea, Jose M., Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M., Hahn, Tim, Howells, Fleur M., Ingvar, Martin, Jahanshad, Neda, Kircher, Tilo T.J., Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus T., Landén, Mikael, Lemke, Hannah, Liberg, Benny, Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik F., Martyn, Fiona M., Mazza, Elena, Mcdonald, Colm, Mcphilemy, Genevieve, Meier, Sandra, Meinert, Susanne, Meller, Tina, Melloni, Elisa M.T., Mitchell, Philip B., Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadic, Igor, Opel, Nils, Ophoff, Roel A., Overs, Bronwyn J., Pfarr, Julia Katharina, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Raduà, Joaquim, Repple, Jonathan, Richter, Maike, Ringwald, Kai G., Roberts, Gloria, Ross, Alex, Salvador, Raymond, Savitz, Jonathan, Schmitt, Simon, Schofield, Peter R., Sim, Kang, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Temmingh, Henk S., Thiel, Katharina, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Vargas, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, Vreeker, Annabel, Waltemate, Lena, Yatham, Lakshmi N., Ching, Christopher R.K., Andreassen, Ole A., Thompson, Paul M., and Hajek, Tomas
Abstract: Background: Obesity is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in individuals with severe mental illness including bipolar disorders (BD). The brain is a target organ for both obesity and BD. Yet, we do not understand how cortical brain alterations in BD and obesity interact. Methods: We obtained body mass index (BMI) and MRI-derived regional cortical thickness, surface area from 1231 BD and 1601 control individuals from 13 countries within the ENIGMA-BD Working Group. We jointly modeled the statistical effects of BD and BMI on brain structure using mixed effects and tested for interaction and mediation. We also investigated the impact of medications on the BMI-related associations. Results: BMI and BD additively impacted the structure of many of the same brain regions. Both BMI and BD were negatively associated with cortical thickness, but not surface area. In most regions the number of jointly used psychiatric medication classes remained associated with lower cortical thickness when controlling for BMI. In a single region, fusiform gyrus, about a third of the negative association between number of jointly used psychiatric medications and cortical thickness was mediated by association between the number of medications and higher BMI. Conclusions: We confirmed consistent associations between higher BMI and lower cortical thickness, but not surface area, across the cerebral mantle, in regions which were also associated with BD. Higher BMI in people with BD indicated more pronounced brain alterations. BMI is important for understanding the neuroanatomical changes in BD and the effects of psychiatric medications on the brain.
Published: 2023

27. Bootstrapping the Chiral Anomaly at Large $N_c$

Author: Ma, Teng, Pomarol, Alex, Sciotti, Francesco, Ma, Teng, Pomarol, Alex, and Sciotti, Francesco
Abstract: The bootstrap approach (demanding consistency conditions to scattering amplitudes) has shown to be quite powerful to tightly constrain gauge theories at large $N_c$. We extend previous analysis to scattering amplitudes involving pions and external gauge bosons. These amplitudes allow us to access the chiral anomaly and connect low-energy physical quantities to UV properties of the theory. In particular, we are able to obtain an analytic bound on the chiral anomaly coefficient as a function of the pion dipole polarizabilities. This bound can be useful for holographic models whose dual UV completions are not known, and provide a consistency condition to lattice simulations., Comment: 20 pages, 1 figure. v2: bound on the anomaly generalised and typos corrected
Published: 2023

28. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., Francks, Clyde, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M. C., van Haren, Neeltje E. M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T. J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Lueders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G. M., and Francks, Clyde
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023
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29. Bayesian estimation of information-theoretic metrics for sparsely sampled distributions

Author: Piga, Angelo, Font-Pomarol, Lluc, Sales-Pardo, Marta, Guimerà, Roger, Piga, Angelo, Font-Pomarol, Lluc, Sales-Pardo, Marta, and Guimerà, Roger
Abstract: Estimating the Shannon entropy of a discrete distribution from which we have only observed a small sample is challenging. Estimating other information-theoretic metrics, such as the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two sparsely sampled discrete distributions, is even harder. Existing approaches to address these problems have shortcomings: they are biased, heuristic, work only for some distributions, and/or cannot be applied to all information-theoretic metrics. Here, we propose a fast, semi-analytical estimator for sparsely sampled distributions that is efficient, precise, and general. Its derivation is grounded in probabilistic considerations and uses a hierarchical Bayesian approach to extract as much information as possible from the few observations available. Our approach provides estimates of the Shannon entropy with precision at least comparable to the state of the art, and most often better. It can also be used to obtain accurate estimates of any other information-theoretic metric, including the notoriously challenging Kullback-Leibler divergence. Here, again, our approach performs consistently better than existing estimators., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2023

30. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T.J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo Sung, Chung, Young Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Luders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G.M., Francks, Clyde, Schijven, Dick, Postema, Merel C., Fukunaga, Masaki, Matsumoto, Junya, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M.C., van Haren, Neeltje E.M., Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Kahn, René S., Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Ortiz-García de la Foz, Víctor, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag, Dahl, Andreas, Westlye, Lars T., Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A., Jönsson, Erik G., Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M., Catts, Stanley V., Michie, Patricia T., Mowry, Bryan J., Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E., Schall, Ulrich, Scott, Rodney J., Carr, Vaughan J., Green, Melissa J., Henskens, Frans A., Loughland, Carmel M., Pantelis, Christos, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W., de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina, Pfarr, Julia Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G., Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T.J., Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd, Gruber, Oliver, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Bustillo, Juan, Mathalon, Daniel H., Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D., Ford, Judith M., Potkin, Steven G., Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina, Piras, Fabrizio, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W., Voineskos, Aristotle N., Sim, Kang, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M., Kim, Woo Sung, Chung, Young Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André, Borgwardt, Stefan, McIntosh, Andrew M., Whalley, Heather C., Lawrie, Stephen M., du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K., Scheffler, Freda, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo, Edmond, Jesse T., Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M., Mayer, Andrew R., Antonucci, Linda A., Fazio, Leonardo, Pergola, Giulio, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G., Arango, Celso, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M., Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon, Kwon, Jun Soo, James, Anthony, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne, Howells, Fleur M., Stein, Dan J., Temmingh, Henk S., Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M., Pineda-Zapata, Julian A., López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie, Ji, Ellen, Surbeck, Werner, Homan, Philipp, Fisher, Simon E., Franke, Barbara, Glahn, David C., Gur, Ruben C., Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Luders, Eileen, Medland, Sarah E., Thompson, Paul M., Turner, Jessica A., van Erp, Theo G.M., and Francks, Clyde
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macrostructural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023

31. Bridging big data: procedures for combining non-equivalent cognitive measures from the ENIGMA Consortium

Author: ENIGMA Consortium, Kennedy, Eamonn, Vadlamani, Shashank, Lindsey, Hannah M., Lei, Pui-Wa, Jo-Pugh, Mary, Adamson, Maheen, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Ambrogi, Sonia, Anderson, Tim J., Arango, Celso, Asarnow, Robert F., Avram, Mihai, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Babikian, Talin, Banaj, Nerisa, Bird, Laura J., Borgwardt, Stefan, Brodtmann, Amy, Brosch, Katharina, Caeyenberghs, Karen, Calhoun, Vince D., Chiaravalloti, Nancy D., Cifu, David X., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dalrymple-Alford, John C., Dams-O’Connor, Kristen, Dannlowski, Udo, Darby, David, Davenport, Nicholas, DeLuca, John, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Disner, Seth G., Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Esopenko, Carrie, Ferrarelli, Fabio, Frank, Lea E., Franz, Carol, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Genova, Helen, Giza, Christopher C., Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Marius, Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso, Ha, Minji, Haavik, Jan, Hinkin, Charles, Hoskinson, Kristen R., Hubl, Daniela, Irimia, Andrei, Jansen, Andreas, Kaess, Michael, Kang, Xiaojian, Kenney, Kimbra, Keřková, Barbora, Khlif, Mohamed Salah, Kim, Minah, Kindler, Jochen, Kircher, Tilo, Knı́žková, Karolina, Kolskår, Knut K., Krch, Denise, Kremen, William S., Kuhn, Taylor, Kumari, Veena, Kwon, Jun Soo, Langella, Roberto, Laskowitz, Sarah, Lee, Jungha, Lengenfelder, Jean, Liebel, Spencer W., Liou-Johnson, Victoria, Lippa, Sara M., Løvstad, Marianne, Lundervold, Astri, Marotta, Cassandra, Marquardt, Craig A., Mattos, Paulo, Mayeli, Ahmad, McDonald, Carrie R., Meinert, Susanne, Melzer, Tracy R., Merchán Naranjo, Jessica, Michel, Chantal, Morey, Rajendra A., Mwangi, Benson, Myall, Daniel J., Nenadić, Igor, Newsome, Mary R., Nunes, Abraham, O’Brien, Terence J., Oertel, Viola, Ollinger, John, Olsen, Alexander, Ortiz Garcı́a de la Foz, Victor, Ozmen, Mustafa, Pardoe, Heath, Parent, Marise, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Repple, Jonathan, Richard, Geneviève, Rodriguez, Jonathan, Rodriguez, Mabel, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Rowland, Jared, Ryan, Nicholas P., Salvador, Raymond, Sanders, Anne-Marthe, Schmidt, André, Soares, Jair C., Spalleta, Gianfranco, Španiel, Filip, Stasenko, Alena, Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Thames, April, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tone, Erin, Torres, Ivan, Troyanskaya, Maya, Turner, Jessica A., Ulrichsen, Kristine M., Umpierrez, Guillermo, Vilella, Elisabet, Vivash, Lucy, Walker, William C., Werden, Emilio, Westlye, Lars T., Wild, Krista, Wroblewski, Adrian, Wu, Mon-Ju, Wylie, Glenn R., Yatham, Lakshmi N., Zunta-Soares, Giovana B., Thompson, Paul M., Tate, David F., Hillary, Frank G., Dennis, Emily L., Wilde, Elisabeth A., ENIGMA Consortium, Kennedy, Eamonn, Vadlamani, Shashank, Lindsey, Hannah M., Lei, Pui-Wa, Jo-Pugh, Mary, Adamson, Maheen, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Ambrogi, Sonia, Anderson, Tim J., Arango, Celso, Asarnow, Robert F., Avram, Mihai, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa, Babikian, Talin, Banaj, Nerisa, Bird, Laura J., Borgwardt, Stefan, Brodtmann, Amy, Brosch, Katharina, Caeyenberghs, Karen, Calhoun, Vince D., Chiaravalloti, Nancy D., Cifu, David X., Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Dalrymple-Alford, John C., Dams-O’Connor, Kristen, Dannlowski, Udo, Darby, David, Davenport, Nicholas, DeLuca, John, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M., Disner, Seth G., Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Ehrlich, Stefan, Esopenko, Carrie, Ferrarelli, Fabio, Frank, Lea E., Franz, Carol, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Genova, Helen, Giza, Christopher C., Goltermann, Janik, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Marius, Gutiérrez-Zotes, Alfonso, Ha, Minji, Haavik, Jan, Hinkin, Charles, Hoskinson, Kristen R., Hubl, Daniela, Irimia, Andrei, Jansen, Andreas, Kaess, Michael, Kang, Xiaojian, Kenney, Kimbra, Keřková, Barbora, Khlif, Mohamed Salah, Kim, Minah, Kindler, Jochen, Kircher, Tilo, Knı́žková, Karolina, Kolskår, Knut K., Krch, Denise, Kremen, William S., Kuhn, Taylor, Kumari, Veena, Kwon, Jun Soo, Langella, Roberto, Laskowitz, Sarah, Lee, Jungha, Lengenfelder, Jean, Liebel, Spencer W., Liou-Johnson, Victoria, Lippa, Sara M., Løvstad, Marianne, Lundervold, Astri, Marotta, Cassandra, Marquardt, Craig A., Mattos, Paulo, Mayeli, Ahmad, McDonald, Carrie R., Meinert, Susanne, Melzer, Tracy R., Merchán Naranjo, Jessica, Michel, Chantal, Morey, Rajendra A., Mwangi, Benson, Myall, Daniel J., Nenadić, Igor, Newsome, Mary R., Nunes, Abraham, O’Brien, Terence J., Oertel, Viola, Ollinger, John, Olsen, Alexander, Ortiz Garcı́a de la Foz, Victor, Ozmen, Mustafa, Pardoe, Heath, Parent, Marise, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Repple, Jonathan, Richard, Geneviève, Rodriguez, Jonathan, Rodriguez, Mabel, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Rowland, Jared, Ryan, Nicholas P., Salvador, Raymond, Sanders, Anne-Marthe, Schmidt, André, Soares, Jair C., Spalleta, Gianfranco, Španiel, Filip, Stasenko, Alena, Stein, Frederike, Straube, Benjamin, Thames, April, Thomas-Odenthal, Florian, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Tone, Erin, Torres, Ivan, Troyanskaya, Maya, Turner, Jessica A., Ulrichsen, Kristine M., Umpierrez, Guillermo, Vilella, Elisabet, Vivash, Lucy, Walker, William C., Werden, Emilio, Westlye, Lars T., Wild, Krista, Wroblewski, Adrian, Wu, Mon-Ju, Wylie, Glenn R., Yatham, Lakshmi N., Zunta-Soares, Giovana B., Thompson, Paul M., Tate, David F., Hillary, Frank G., Dennis, Emily L., and Wilde, Elisabeth A.
Abstract: Investigators in the cognitive neurosciences have turned to Big Data to address persistent replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. While there is tremendous potential to advance science through open data sharing, these efforts unveil a host of new questions about how to integrate data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed area of cognition - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated raw data from 53 studies from around the world which measured at least one of three distinct verbal learning tasks, totaling N = 10,505 healthy and brain-injured individuals. A mega analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to isolate and remove site effects, followed by linear models which adjusted for common covariates. After corrections, a continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual subject’s latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance by 37% while preserving covariate effects. The effects of age, sex, and education on scores were found to be highly consistent across memory tests. IRT methods for equating scores across AVLTs agreed with held-out data of dually-administered tests, and these tools are made available for free online. This work demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can offer opportunities to address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.
Published: 2023

32. Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Author: Schijven, Dick; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-7241, Postema, Merel C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7062, Fukunaga, Masaki; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-2644, Matsumoto, Junya; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-3208, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M C, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Kahn, René S, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-5352, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-1827, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-3932, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3376, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-5418, Dahl, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-8371, Westlye, Lars T; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-956X, Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568, Jönsson, Erik G, Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M, Catts, Stanley V, Michie, Patricia T, Mowry, Bryan J, Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-721X, Schall, Ulrich; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-4562, Scott, Rodney J; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-3404, Carr, Vaughan J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-5804, Green, Melissa J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-4874, Henskens, Frans A; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-5630, Loughland, Carmel M, Pantelis, Christos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-0238, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W, de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-8095, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G, Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T J, Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-9103, Gruber, Oliver; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-7413, Satterthwaite, Theodore D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-9399, Bustillo, Juan; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-8152, Mathalon, Daniel H, Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-0747, Ford, Judith M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-6548, Potkin, Steven G, Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-3912, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-4445, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7976, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-1562, Sarró, Salvador; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-2189, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-6259, Piras, Fabrizio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-5494, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-4249, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W, Voineskos, Aristotle N; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-0395, Sim, Kang; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-9626, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0519, Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397, Borgwardt, Stefan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-3987, McIntosh, Andrew M, Whalley, Heather C, Lawrie, Stephen M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-5675, du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K, Scheffler, Freda; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-8599, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-3759, Edmond, Jesse T, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M, Mayer, Andrew R, Antonucci, Linda A, Fazio, Leonardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-974X, Pergola, Giulio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-1841, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-3175, Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-072X, Arango, Celso; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-4754, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M, Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-1439, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-3256, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8668-0817, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-5211, Kwon, Jun Soo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-1462, James, Anthony; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-8328, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-7811, Howells, Fleur M, Stein, Dan J; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810, Temmingh, Henk S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-0759, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-7508, Ji, Ellen; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-8868, Surbeck, Werner; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-795X, Homan, Philipp; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-148X, Fisher, Simon E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-1996, Franke, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-6572, Glahn, David C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-6977, Gur, Ruben C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-1996, Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Luders, Eileen; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-992X, Medland, Sarah E, Thompson, Paul M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-8867, Turner, Jessica A, van Erp, Theo G M, Francks, Clyde; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-890X, Schijven, Dick; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5190-7241, Postema, Merel C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1536-7062, Fukunaga, Masaki; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-2644, Matsumoto, Junya; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-3208, Miura, Kenichiro, de Zwarte, Sonja M C, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Cahn, Wiepke, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Kahn, René S, Ayesa-Arriola, Rosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0570-5352, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0627-1827, Tordesillas-Gutierrez, Diana; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1458-3932, Vázquez-Bourgon, Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3376, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Alnæs, Dag; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-5418, Dahl, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-8371, Westlye, Lars T; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8644-956X, Agartz, Ingrid, Andreassen, Ole A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4461-3568, Jönsson, Erik G, Kochunov, Peter, Bruggemann, Jason M, Catts, Stanley V, Michie, Patricia T, Mowry, Bryan J, Quidé, Yann, Rasser, Paul E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-721X, Schall, Ulrich; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-4562, Scott, Rodney J; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-3404, Carr, Vaughan J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-5804, Green, Melissa J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-4874, Henskens, Frans A; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-5630, Loughland, Carmel M, Pantelis, Christos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9565-0238, Weickert, Cynthia Shannon, Weickert, Thomas W, de Haan, Lieuwe, Brosch, Katharina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0526-8095, Pfarr, Julia-Katharina, Ringwald, Kai G, Stein, Frederike, Jansen, Andreas, Kircher, Tilo T J, Nenadić, Igor, Krämer, Bernd; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1145-9103, Gruber, Oliver; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-7413, Satterthwaite, Theodore D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-9399, Bustillo, Juan; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-8152, Mathalon, Daniel H, Preda, Adrian, Calhoun, Vince D; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9058-0747, Ford, Judith M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-6548, Potkin, Steven G, Chen, Jingxu, Tan, Yunlong; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-3912, Wang, Zhiren, Xiang, Hong, Fan, Fengmei, Bernardoni, Fabio, Ehrlich, Stefan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-4445, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-7976, Garcia-Leon, Maria Angeles, Guerrero-Pedraza, Amalia, Salvador, Raymond; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5557-1562, Sarró, Salvador; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-2189, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Ciullo, Valentina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-6259, Piras, Fabrizio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3566-5494, Vecchio, Daniela, Banaj, Nerisa, Spalletta, Gianfranco; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-4249, Michielse, Stijn, van Amelsvoort, Therese, Dickie, Erin W, Voineskos, Aristotle N; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-0395, Sim, Kang; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-9626, Ciufolini, Simone, Dazzan, Paola, Murray, Robin M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0829-0519, Kim, Woo-Sung, Chung, Young-Chul, Andreou, Christina, Schmidt, André; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8397, Borgwardt, Stefan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-3987, McIntosh, Andrew M, Whalley, Heather C, Lawrie, Stephen M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-5675, du Plessis, Stefan, Luckhoff, Hilmar K, Scheffler, Freda; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-8599, Emsley, Robin, Grotegerd, Dominik, Lencer, Rebekka, Dannlowski, Udo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-3759, Edmond, Jesse T, Rootes-Murdy, Kelly, Stephen, Julia M, Mayer, Andrew R, Antonucci, Linda A, Fazio, Leonardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-974X, Pergola, Giulio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9193-1841, Bertolino, Alessandro, Díaz-Caneja, Covadonga M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8538-3175, Janssen, Joost, Lois, Noemi G; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6600-072X, Arango, Celso; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-4754, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Lebedeva, Irina, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M, Georgiadis, Foivos, Kirschner, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9486-1439, Kaiser, Stefan, Hajek, Tomas, Skoch, Antonin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-3256, Spaniel, Filip, Kim, Minah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8668-0817, Kwak, Yoo Bin, Oh, Sanghoon; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7394-5211, Kwon, Jun Soo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1060-1462, James, Anthony; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2742-8328, Bakker, Geor, Knöchel, Christian, Stäblein, Michael, Oertel, Viola, Uhlmann, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1753-7811, Howells, Fleur M, Stein, Dan J; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7218-7810, Temmingh, Henk S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-0759, Diaz-Zuluaga, Ana M, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Homan, Stephanie; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1449-7508, Ji, Ellen; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-8868, Surbeck, Werner; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4733-795X, Homan, Philipp; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9034-148X, Fisher, Simon E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3132-1996, Franke, Barbara; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-6572, Glahn, David C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4749-6977, Gur, Ruben C; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9657-1996, Hashimoto, Ryota, Jahanshad, Neda, Luders, Eileen; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-992X, Medland, Sarah E, Thompson, Paul M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4720-8867, Turner, Jessica A, van Erp, Theo G M, and Francks, Clyde; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9098-890X
Abstract: Left-right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting in equivocal findings. We carried out the largest case-control study of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia, using MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals and 6,015 controls across 46 datasets in the ENIGMA consortium, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global and regional cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume measures. Differences of asymmetry were calculated between affected individuals and controls per dataset, and effect sizes were meta-analyzed across datasets. Small average case-control differences were observed for thickness asymmetries of the rostral anterior cingulate and the middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices in schizophrenia. Analyses of these asymmetries with respect to the use of antipsychotic medication and other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment of age- and sex-specific effects revealed a stronger average leftward asymmetry of pallidum volume between older cases and controls. Case-control differences in a multivariate context were assessed in a subset of the data (N = 2,029), which revealed that 7% of the variance across all structural asymmetries was explained by case-control status. Subtle case-control differences of brain macro-structural asymmetry may reflect differences at the molecular, cytoarchitectonic or circuit levels that have functional relevance for the disorder. Reduced left middle temporal cortical thickness is consistent with altered left-hemisphere language network organization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2023

33. DenseNet and Support Vector Machine classifications of major depressive disorder using vertex-wise cortical features

Author: Belov, Vladimir, Erwin-Grabner, Tracy, Zeng, Ling-Li, Ching, Christopher R. K., Aleman, Andre, Amod, Alyssa R., Basgoze, Zeynep, Benedetti, Francesco, Besteher, Bianca, Brosch, Katharina, Bülow, Robin, Colle, Romain, Connolly, Colm G., Corruble, Emmanuelle, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Cullen, Kathryn, Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher G., Dols, Annemiek, Ernsting, Jan, Evans, Jennifer W., Fisch, Lukas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Hahn, Tim, Hamilton, J. Paul, Han, Laura K. M., Harrison, Ben J, Ho, Tiffany C., Jahanshad, Neda, Jamieson, Alec J., Karuk, Andriana, Kircher, Tilo, Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie, Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle, Lancaster, Thomas, Leenings, Ramona, Li, Meng, Linden, David E. J., MacMaster, Frank P., Mehler, David M. A., Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mueller, Bryon A., Mwangi, Benson, Nenadić, Igor, Ojha, Amar, Okamoto, Yasumasa, Oudega, Mardien L., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Poletti, Sara, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Pozzi, Elena, Radua, Joaquim, Rodríguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew D., Salvador, Raymond, Schrantee, Anouk, Sim, Kang, Soares, Jair C., Solanes, Aleix, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Stolicyn, Aleks, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Toenders, Yara J., Uyar-Demir, Aslihan, Vieta, Eduard, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Martin, Whalley, Heather C., Whittle, Sarah, Winter, Nils, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wright, Margaret J., Wu, Mon-Ju, Yang, Tony T., Zarate, Carlos, Veltman, Dick J., Schmaal, Lianne, Thompson, Paul M., Goya-Maldonado, Roberto, Belov, Vladimir, Erwin-Grabner, Tracy, Zeng, Ling-Li, Ching, Christopher R. K., Aleman, Andre, Amod, Alyssa R., Basgoze, Zeynep, Benedetti, Francesco, Besteher, Bianca, Brosch, Katharina, Bülow, Robin, Colle, Romain, Connolly, Colm G., Corruble, Emmanuelle, Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste, Cullen, Kathryn, Dannlowski, Udo, Davey, Christopher G., Dols, Annemiek, Ernsting, Jan, Evans, Jennifer W., Fisch, Lukas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Groenewold, Nynke A., Grotegerd, Dominik, Hahn, Tim, Hamilton, J. Paul, Han, Laura K. M., Harrison, Ben J, Ho, Tiffany C., Jahanshad, Neda, Jamieson, Alec J., Karuk, Andriana, Kircher, Tilo, Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie, Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle, Lancaster, Thomas, Leenings, Ramona, Li, Meng, Linden, David E. J., MacMaster, Frank P., Mehler, David M. A., Meinert, Susanne, Melloni, Elisa, Mueller, Bryon A., Mwangi, Benson, Nenadić, Igor, Ojha, Amar, Okamoto, Yasumasa, Oudega, Mardien L., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Poletti, Sara, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Pozzi, Elena, Radua, Joaquim, Rodríguez-Cano, Elena, Sacchet, Matthew D., Salvador, Raymond, Schrantee, Anouk, Sim, Kang, Soares, Jair C., Solanes, Aleix, Stein, Dan J., Stein, Frederike, Stolicyn, Aleks, Thomopoulos, Sophia I., Toenders, Yara J., Uyar-Demir, Aslihan, Vieta, Eduard, Vives-Gilabert, Yolanda, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Martin, Whalley, Heather C., Whittle, Sarah, Winter, Nils, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wright, Margaret J., Wu, Mon-Ju, Yang, Tony T., Zarate, Carlos, Veltman, Dick J., Schmaal, Lianne, Thompson, Paul M., and Goya-Maldonado, Roberto
Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects the lives of hundreds of millions of individuals around the globe. Even today, researchers debate if morphological alterations in the brain are linked to MDD, likely due to the heterogeneity of this disorder. The application of deep learning tools to neuroimaging data, capable of capturing complex non-linear patterns, has the potential to provide diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for MDD. However, previous attempts to demarcate MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) based on segmented cortical features via linear machine learning approaches have reported low accuracies. In this study, we used globally representative data from the ENIGMA-MDD working group containing an extensive sample of people with MDD (N=2,772) and HC (N=4,240), which allows a comprehensive analysis with generalizable results. Based on the hypothesis that integration of vertex-wise cortical features can improve classification performance, we evaluated the classification of a DenseNet and a Support Vector Machine (SVM), with the expectation that the former would outperform the latter. As we analyzed a multi-site sample, we additionally applied the ComBat harmonization tool to remove potential nuisance effects of site. We found that both classifiers exhibited close to chance performance (balanced accuracy DenseNet: 51%; SVM: 53%), when estimated on unseen sites. Slightly higher classification performance (balanced accuracy DenseNet: 58%; SVM: 55%) was found when the cross-validation folds contained subjects from all sites, indicating site effect. In conclusion, the integration of vertex-wise morphometric features and the use of the non-linear classifier did not lead to the differentiability between MDD and HC. Our results support the notion that MDD classification on this combination of features and classifiers is unfeasible.
Published: 2023

34. Socially disruptive periods and topics from information-theoretical analysis of judicial decisions

Author: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Font-Pomarol, Lluc; Piga, Angelo; Garcia-Teruel, Rosa Maria; Nasarre-Aznar, Sergio; Sales-Pardo, Marta; Guimera, Roger, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Font-Pomarol, Lluc; Piga, Angelo; Garcia-Teruel, Rosa Maria; Nasarre-Aznar, Sergio; Sales-Pardo, Marta; Guimera, Roger
Abstract: Laws and legal decision-making regulate how societies function. Therefore, they evolve and adapt to new social paradigms and reflect changes in culture and social norms, and are a good proxy for the evolution of socially sensitive issues. Here, we use an information-theoretic methodology to quantitatively track trends and shifts in the evolution of large corpora of judicial decisions, and thus to detect periods in which disruptive topics arise. When applied to a large database containing the full text of over 100,000 judicial decisions from Spanish courts, we are able to identify an abrupt change in housing-related decisions around 2016. Because our information-theoretic approach pinpoints the specific content that drives change, we are also able to interpret the results in terms of the role played by legislative changes, landmark decisions, and the influence of social movements.
Published: 2023

35. Emotional intelligence: a comparison between patients after first episode mania and those suffering from chronic bipolar disorder type I

Author: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Varo C; Amoretti S; Sparacino G; Jiménez E; Solé B; Mar Bonnin CD; Montejo L; Serra M; Torrent C; Salagre E; Benabarre A; Salgado-Pineda P; Salvatierra IM; Sáiz PA; García-Portilla MP; Sánchez-Gistau V; Pomarol-Clotet E; Ramos-Quiroga JA; Pacchiarotti I; Garcia-Rizo C; Undurraga J; Reinares M; Martinez-Aran A; Vieta E; Verdolini N, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Varo C; Amoretti S; Sparacino G; Jiménez E; Solé B; Mar Bonnin CD; Montejo L; Serra M; Torrent C; Salagre E; Benabarre A; Salgado-Pineda P; Salvatierra IM; Sáiz PA; García-Portilla MP; Sánchez-Gistau V; Pomarol-Clotet E; Ramos-Quiroga JA; Pacchiarotti I; Garcia-Rizo C; Undurraga J; Reinares M; Martinez-Aran A; Vieta E; Verdolini N
Abstract: Background Deficits in emotional intelligence (EI) were detected in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but little is known about whether these deficits are already present in patients after presenting a first episode mania (FEM). We sought (i) to compare EI in patients after a FEM, chronic BD and healthy controls (HC); (ii) to examine the effect exerted on EI by socio-demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables in FEM patients. Methods The Emotional Intelligence Quotient (EIQ) was calculated with the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Performance on MSCEIT was compared among the three groups using generalized linear models. In patients after a FEM, the influence of socio-demographic, clinical and neurocognitive variables on the EIQ was examined using a linear regression model. Results In total, 184 subjects were included (FEM n = 48, euthymic chronic BD type I n = 75, HC n = 61). BD patients performed significantly worse than HC on the EIQ [mean difference (MD) = 10.09, standard error (s.e.) = 3.14, p = 0.004] and on the understanding emotions branch (MD = 7.46, s.e. = 2.53, p = 0.010). FEM patients did not differ from HC and BD on other measures of MSCEIT. In patients after a FEM, EIQ was positively associated with female sex (beta = -0.293, p = 0.034) and verbal memory performance (beta = 0.374, p = 0.008). FEM patients performed worse than HC but better than BD on few neurocognitive domains. Conclusions Patients after a FEM showed preserved EI, while patients in later stages of BD presented lower EIQ, suggesting that impairments in EI might result from the burden of disease and neurocognitive decline, associated with the chronicity of the illness.
Published: 2023

36. Widespread intra-axonal signal fraction abnormalities in bipolar disorder from multicompartment diffusion MRI: Sensitivity to diagnosis, association with clinical features and pharmacologic treatment

Author: Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Canales-Rodríguez EJ; Verdolini N; Alonso-Lana S; Torres ML; Panicalli F; Argila-Plaza I; Rodriguez-Cano E; Montoro I; Garcia-Ruiz B; Jimenez E; Varo C; Lluch A; del Mar Bonnin C; Maluf S; Pujol M; Guarner NJ; Sarró S; Vieta E; Vilella E; Salvador R; Pomarol-Clotet E, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Canales-Rodríguez EJ; Verdolini N; Alonso-Lana S; Torres ML; Panicalli F; Argila-Plaza I; Rodriguez-Cano E; Montoro I; Garcia-Ruiz B; Jimenez E; Varo C; Lluch A; del Mar Bonnin C; Maluf S; Pujol M; Guarner NJ; Sarró S; Vieta E; Vilella E; Salvador R; Pomarol-Clotet E
Abstract: Despite diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) evidence for widespread fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions in the brain white matter of patients with bipolar disorder, questions remain regarding the specificity and sensitivity of FA abnormalities as opposed to other diffusion metrics in the disorder. We conducted a whole-brain voxel-based multicompartment diffusion MRI study on 316 participants (i.e., 158 patients and 158 matched healthy controls) employing four diffusion metrics: the mean diffusivity (MD) and FA estimated from DTI, and the intra-axonal signal fraction (IASF) and microscopic axonal parallel diffusivity (Dpar) derived from the spherical mean technique. Our findings provide novel evidence about widespread abnormalities in other diffusion metrics in BD. An extensive overlap between the FA and IASF results suggests that the lower FA in patients may be caused by a reduced intra-axonal volume fraction or a higher macromolecular content in the intra-axonal water. We also found a diffuse alteration in MD involving white and grey matter tissue and more localised changes in Dpar. A Machine Learning analysis revealed that FA, followed by IASF, were the most helpful metric for the automatic diagnosis of BD patients, reaching an accuracy of 72%. Number of mood episodes, age of onset/duration of illness, psychotic symptoms, and current treatment with lithium, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiepileptics were all significantly associated with microstructure abnormalities. Lithium treatment was associated with less microstructure abnormality.© 2023 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Published: 2023

37. DDR1 methylation is associated with bipolar disorder and the isoform expression and methylation of myelin genes

Author: García- Ruiz, Beatriz [0000-0001-9552-949X], Castro de Moura, Manuel [0000-0002-8488-5306], Muntané, Gerard [0000-0003-1541-8365], Martorell, Lourdes [0000-0003-4999-2197], Bosch, Elena [0000-0003-2848-103X], Esteller, Manel [0000-0003-4490-6093], Canales-Rodríguez, Erick Jorge [0000-0001-6421-2633], Pomarol-Clotet, Edith [0000-0002-8159-8563], Jiménez, Esther [0000-0001-6929-6207], Vieta, Eduard [0000-0002-0548-0053], Vilella, Elisabet [0000-0002-1887-5919], García-Ruiz, Beatriz, Castro de Moura, Manuel, Muntané, Gerard, Martorell, Lourdes, Bosch, Elena, Esteller, Manel, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick Jorge, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Jiménez, Esther, Vieta, Eduard, Vilella, Elisabet, García- Ruiz, Beatriz [0000-0001-9552-949X], Castro de Moura, Manuel [0000-0002-8488-5306], Muntané, Gerard [0000-0003-1541-8365], Martorell, Lourdes [0000-0003-4999-2197], Bosch, Elena [0000-0003-2848-103X], Esteller, Manel [0000-0003-4490-6093], Canales-Rodríguez, Erick Jorge [0000-0001-6421-2633], Pomarol-Clotet, Edith [0000-0002-8159-8563], Jiménez, Esther [0000-0001-6929-6207], Vieta, Eduard [0000-0002-0548-0053], Vilella, Elisabet [0000-0002-1887-5919], García-Ruiz, Beatriz, Castro de Moura, Manuel, Muntané, Gerard, Martorell, Lourdes, Bosch, Elena, Esteller, Manel, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick Jorge, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Jiménez, Esther, Vieta, Eduard, and Vilella, Elisabet
Abstract: [Aim] To investigate DDR1 methylation in the brains of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and its association with DDR1 mRNA levels and comethylation with myelin genes., [Materials & methods] Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation (Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip) corrected for glial composition and DDR1 gene expression analysis in the occipital cortices of individuals with BD (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15) were conducted., [Results] DDR1 5-methylcytosine levels were increased and directly associated with DDR1b mRNA expression in the brains of BD patients. We also observed that DDR1 was comethylated with a group of myelin genes., [Conclusion] DDR1 is hypermethylated in BD brain tissue and is associated with isoform expression. Additionally, DDR1 comethylation with myelin genes supports the role of this receptor in myelination.
Published: 2021

38. Wilson Coefficients and Natural Zeros from the On-Shell Viewpoint

Author: Rose, Luigi Delle, von Harling, Benedict, Pomarol, Alex, Rose, Luigi Delle, von Harling, Benedict, and Pomarol, Alex
Abstract: We show how to simplify the calculation of the finite contributions from heavy particles to EFT Wilson coefficients by using on-shell methods. We apply the technique to the one-loop calculation of $g-2$ and $H\gamma\gamma$, showing how finite contributions can be obtained from the product of tree-level amplitudes. In certain cases, due to a parity symmetry of these amplitudes, the total contribution adds up to zero, as previously found in the literature. Our method allows to search for new natural zeros, as well as to obtain non-zero contributions in a straightforward way., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022

39. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K., Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K.
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022
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40. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K., Wierenga, Lara M., Doucet, Gaelle E., Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N., Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn, I, Andreassen, Ole A., Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret, I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M., Buitelaar, Jan K., Busatto, Geraldo F., Calhoun, Vince D., Canales-Rodriguez, Erick J., Cannon, Dara M., Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X., Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M., Ching, Christopher R. K., Clark, Vincent P., Conrod, Patricia J., Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G., Dickie, Erin W., Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E., Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco J. C., Di Giorgio, Annabella, Glahn, David C., Gotlib, Ian H., Grabe, Hans J., Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E., Gur, Ruben C., Gurholt, Tiril P., de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J., Hartman, Catharina A., Hatton, Sean N., Heslenfeld, Dirk J., van den Heuvel, Odile A., Hickie, Ian B., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M., Pol, Hilleke E. Hulshoff, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C., Jiang, Jiyang, Jonsson, Erik G., Joska, John A., Kalnin, Andrew J., Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskar, Knut K., Kramer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S., Lee, Phil H., Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W. J., Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G., Martinez-Zalacain, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C., McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M., McMahon, Katie L., McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchon, Jose M., Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J., Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Genevieve, Roffman, Joshua L., Rosa, Pedro G. P., Sacchet, Matthew D., Sachdev, Perminder S., Salvador, Raymond, Sarro, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Saykin, Andrew J., Serpa, Mauricio H., Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W., Sommer, Iris E., Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J., Strike, Lachlan T., Szeszko, Philip R., Temmingh, Henk S., Thomopoulos, Sophia, I, Tomyshev, Alexander S., Trollor, Julian N., Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M., Veltman, Dick J., Voineskos, Aristotle, Volzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D., Westlye, Lars T., Whalley, Heather C., Williams, Steven C. R., Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H., Wright, Margaret J., Yoncheva, Yuliya N., Zanetti, Marcus, V, Ziegler, Georg C., de Zubicaray, Greig, I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A., Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K.
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022
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41. In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder-A mega-analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group.

Author: Haukvik, Unn K, Haukvik, Unn K, Gurholt, Tiril P, Nerland, Stener, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Alda, Martin, Alnaes, Dag, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bauer, Jochen, Baune, Bernhard T, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bettella, Francesco, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnín, Caterina M, Brambilla, Paolo, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Dandash, Orwa, Dannlowski, Udo, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana M, van Erp, Theo GM, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Foley, Sonya F, Förster, Katharina, Fullerton, Janice M, Goikolea, José M, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Haarman, Bartholomeus CM, Haatveit, Beathe, Hajek, Tomas, Hallahan, Brian, Harris, Mathew, Hawkins, Emma L, Howells, Fleur M, Hülsmann, Carina, Jahanshad, Neda, Jørgensen, Kjetil N, Kircher, Tilo, Krämer, Bernd, Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lagerberg, Trine V, Lancaster, Thomas M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Lonning, Vera, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik F, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Melle, Ingrid, Melloni, Elisa MT, Mitchell, Philip B, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Oertel, Viola, Oldani, Lucio, Opel, Nils, Otaduy, Maria CG, Overs, Bronwyn J, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Rauer, Lisa, Redlich, Ronny, Repple, Jonathan, Rive, Maria M, Roberts, Gloria, Ruhe, Henricus G, Salminen, Lauren E, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Savitz, Jonathan, Schene, Aart H, Sim, Kang, Soeiro-de-Souza, Marcio G, Stäblein, Michael, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Frederike, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Veltman, Dick J, Vieta, Eduard, Waltemate, Lena, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Sämann, Philipp G, Thompson, Paul M, Ching, Christopher RK, Andreassen, Ole A, Agartz, Ingrid, ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group, Haukvik, Unn K, Haukvik, Unn K, Gurholt, Tiril P, Nerland, Stener, Elvsåshagen, Torbjørn, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Alda, Martin, Alnaes, Dag, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bauer, Jochen, Baune, Bernhard T, Benedetti, Francesco, Berk, Michael, Bettella, Francesco, Bøen, Erlend, Bonnín, Caterina M, Brambilla, Paolo, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Dandash, Orwa, Dannlowski, Udo, Delvecchio, Giuseppe, Díaz-Zuluaga, Ana M, van Erp, Theo GM, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Foley, Sonya F, Förster, Katharina, Fullerton, Janice M, Goikolea, José M, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Haarman, Bartholomeus CM, Haatveit, Beathe, Hajek, Tomas, Hallahan, Brian, Harris, Mathew, Hawkins, Emma L, Howells, Fleur M, Hülsmann, Carina, Jahanshad, Neda, Jørgensen, Kjetil N, Kircher, Tilo, Krämer, Bernd, Krug, Axel, Kuplicki, Rayus, Lagerberg, Trine V, Lancaster, Thomas M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Lonning, Vera, López-Jaramillo, Carlos, Malt, Ulrik F, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Melle, Ingrid, Melloni, Elisa MT, Mitchell, Philip B, Nabulsi, Leila, Nenadić, Igor, Oertel, Viola, Oldani, Lucio, Opel, Nils, Otaduy, Maria CG, Overs, Bronwyn J, Pineda-Zapata, Julian A, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Rauer, Lisa, Redlich, Ronny, Repple, Jonathan, Rive, Maria M, Roberts, Gloria, Ruhe, Henricus G, Salminen, Lauren E, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Savitz, Jonathan, Schene, Aart H, Sim, Kang, Soeiro-de-Souza, Marcio G, Stäblein, Michael, Stein, Dan J, Stein, Frederike, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Veltman, Dick J, Vieta, Eduard, Waltemate, Lena, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Sämann, Philipp G, Thompson, Paul M, Ching, Christopher RK, Andreassen, Ole A, Agartz, Ingrid, and ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group
Abstract: The hippocampus consists of anatomically and functionally distinct subfields that may be differentially involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Here we, the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder workinggroup, study hippocampal subfield volumetry in BD. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans from 4,698 individuals (BD = 1,472, healthy controls [HC] = 3,226) from 23 sites worldwide were processed with FreeSurfer. We used linear mixed-effects models and mega-analysis to investigate differences in hippocampal subfield volumes between BD and HC, followed by analyses of clinical characteristics and medication use. BD showed significantly smaller volumes of the whole hippocampus (Cohen's d = -0.20), cornu ammonis (CA)1 (d = -0.18), CA2/3 (d = -0.11), CA4 (d = -0.19), molecular layer (d = -0.21), granule cell layer of dentate gyrus (d = -0.21), hippocampal tail (d = -0.10), subiculum (d = -0.15), presubiculum (d = -0.18), and hippocampal amygdala transition area (d = -0.17) compared to HC. Lithium users did not show volume differences compared to HC, while non-users did. Antipsychotics or antiepileptic use was associated with smaller volumes. In this largest study of hippocampal subfields in BD to date, we show widespread reductions in nine of 12 subfields studied. The associations were modulated by medication use and specifically the lack of differences between lithium users and HC supports a possible protective role of lithium in BD.
Published: 2022

42. Intelligence, educational attainment, and brain structure in those at familial high-risk for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Author: de Zwarte, Sonja MC, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goikolea, Jose M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M, Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Esma M, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Wu, Mon-Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, van Erp, Theo GM, Jahanshad, Neda, Thompson, Paul M, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, de Zwarte, Sonja MC, Brouwer, Rachel M, Agartz, Ingrid, Alda, Martin, Alonso-Lana, Silvia, Bearden, Carrie E, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Bramon, Elvira, Buimer, Elizabeth EL, Cahn, Wiepke, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Cannon, Tyrone D, Caseras, Xavier, Castro-Fornieles, Josefina, Chen, Qiang, Chung, Yoonho, De la Serna, Elena, Del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Demro, Caroline, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doucet, Gaelle E, Eker, Mehmet Cagdas, Erk, Susanne, Fatjó-Vilas, Mar, Fears, Scott C, Foley, Sonya F, Frangou, Sophia, Fullerton, Janice M, Glahn, David C, Goghari, Vina M, Goikolea, Jose M, Goldman, Aaron L, Gonul, Ali Saffet, Gruber, Oliver, Hajek, Tomas, Hawkins, Emma L, Heinz, Andreas, Hidiroglu Ongun, Ceren, Hillegers, Manon HJ, Houenou, Josselin, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Hultman, Christina M, Ingvar, Martin, Johansson, Viktoria, Jönsson, Erik G, Kane, Fergus, Kempton, Matthew J, Koenis, Marinka MG, Kopecek, Miloslav, Krämer, Bernd, Lawrie, Stephen M, Lenroot, Rhoshel K, Marcelis, Machteld, Mattay, Venkata S, McDonald, Colm, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michielse, Stijn, Mitchell, Philip B, Moreno, Dolores, Murray, Robin M, Mwangi, Benson, Nabulsi, Leila, Newport, Jason, Olman, Cheryl A, van Os, Jim, Overs, Bronwyn J, Ozerdem, Aysegul, Pergola, Giulio, Picchioni, Marco M, Piguet, Camille, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Ramsay, Ian S, Richter, Anja, Roberts, Gloria, Salvador, Raymond, Saricicek Aydogan, Aybala, Sarró, Salvador, Schofield, Peter R, Simsek, Esma M, Simsek, Fatma, Soares, Jair C, Sponheim, Scott R, Sugranyes, Gisela, Toulopoulou, Timothea, Tronchin, Giulia, Vieta, Eduard, Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R, Whalley, Heather C, Wu, Mon-Ju, Yalin, Nefize, Andreassen, Ole A, Ching, Christopher RK, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, van Erp, Theo GM, Jahanshad, Neda, and Thompson, Paul M
Abstract: First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (SZ-FDRs) show similar patterns of brain abnormalities and cognitive alterations to patients, albeit with smaller effect sizes. First-degree relatives of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD-FDRs) show divergent patterns; on average, intracranial volume is larger compared to controls, and findings on cognitive alterations in BD-FDRs are inconsistent. Here, we performed a meta-analysis of global and regional brain measures (cortical and subcortical), current IQ, and educational attainment in 5,795 individuals (1,103 SZ-FDRs, 867 BD-FDRs, 2,190 controls, 942 schizophrenia patients, 693 bipolar patients) from 36 schizophrenia and/or bipolar disorder family cohorts, with standardized methods. Compared to controls, SZ-FDRs showed a pattern of widespread thinner cortex, while BD-FDRs had widespread larger cortical surface area. IQ was lower in SZ-FDRs (d = -0.42, p = 3 × 10-5 ), with weak evidence of IQ reductions among BD-FDRs (d = -0.23, p = .045). Both relative groups had similar educational attainment compared to controls. When adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, the group-effects on brain measures changed, albeit modestly. Changes were in the expected direction, with less pronounced brain abnormalities in SZ-FDRs and more pronounced effects in BD-FDRs. To conclude, SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs show a differential pattern of structural brain abnormalities. In contrast, both had lower IQ scores and similar school achievements compared to controls. Given that brain differences between SZ-FDRs and BD-FDRs remain after adjusting for IQ or educational attainment, we suggest that differential brain developmental processes underlying predisposition for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder are likely independent of general cognitive impairment.
Published: 2022

43. A meta-analysis of deep brain structural shape and asymmetry abnormalities in 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia compared with 3,929 healthy volunteers via the ENIGMA Consortium

Author: Gutman, Boris A, van Erp, Theo G M, Alpert, Kathryn, Ching, Christopher R K, Isaev, Dmitry, Ragothaman, Anjani, Jahanshad, Neda, Saremi, Arvin, Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Artemis, Glahn, David C, Shen, Li, Cong, Shan, Alnaes, Dag, Andreassen, Ole Andreas, Doan, Nhat Trung, Westlye, Lars T., Kochunov, Peter, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Wolf, Daniel H, Huang, Alexander J, Kessler, Charles, Weideman, Andrea, Nguyen, Dana, Mueller, Bryon A, Faziola, Lawrence, Potkin, Steven G, Preda, Adrian, Mathalon, Daniel H, Bustillo, Juan, Calhoun, Vince, Ford, Judith M, Walton, Esther, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ducci, Giuseppe, Banaj, Nerisa, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Dickie, Erin W, Voineskos, Aristotle, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Setién-Suero, Esther, van Son, Jacqueline Mayoral, Borgwardt, Stefan, Schönborn-Harrisberger, Fabienne, Morris, Derek, Donohoe, Gary, Holleran, Laurena, Cannon, Dara, McDonald, Colm, Corvin, Aiden, Gill, Michael, Filho, Geraldo Busatto, Rosa, Pedro G P, Serpa, Mauricio H, Zanetti, Marcus V, Lebedeva, Irina, Kaleda, Vasily, Tomyshev, Alexander, Crow, Tim, James, Anthony, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Agartz, Ingrid, Howells, Fleur, Stein, Dan J, Temmingh, Henk, Uhlmann, Anne, de Zubicaray, Greig I, McMahon, Katie L, Wright, Margie, Cobia, Derin, Csernansky, John G, Thompson, Paul M, Turner, Jessica A, Wang, Lei, Gutman, Boris A, van Erp, Theo G M, Alpert, Kathryn, Ching, Christopher R K, Isaev, Dmitry, Ragothaman, Anjani, Jahanshad, Neda, Saremi, Arvin, Zavaliangos-Petropulu, Artemis, Glahn, David C, Shen, Li, Cong, Shan, Alnaes, Dag, Andreassen, Ole Andreas, Doan, Nhat Trung, Westlye, Lars T., Kochunov, Peter, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Wolf, Daniel H, Huang, Alexander J, Kessler, Charles, Weideman, Andrea, Nguyen, Dana, Mueller, Bryon A, Faziola, Lawrence, Potkin, Steven G, Preda, Adrian, Mathalon, Daniel H, Bustillo, Juan, Calhoun, Vince, Ford, Judith M, Walton, Esther, Ehrlich, Stefan, Ducci, Giuseppe, Banaj, Nerisa, Piras, Fabrizio, Piras, Federica, Spalletta, Gianfranco, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Radua, Joaquim, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Dickie, Erin W, Voineskos, Aristotle, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Setién-Suero, Esther, van Son, Jacqueline Mayoral, Borgwardt, Stefan, Schönborn-Harrisberger, Fabienne, Morris, Derek, Donohoe, Gary, Holleran, Laurena, Cannon, Dara, McDonald, Colm, Corvin, Aiden, Gill, Michael, Filho, Geraldo Busatto, Rosa, Pedro G P, Serpa, Mauricio H, Zanetti, Marcus V, Lebedeva, Irina, Kaleda, Vasily, Tomyshev, Alexander, Crow, Tim, James, Anthony, Cervenka, Simon, Sellgren, Carl M, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Agartz, Ingrid, Howells, Fleur, Stein, Dan J, Temmingh, Henk, Uhlmann, Anne, de Zubicaray, Greig I, McMahon, Katie L, Wright, Margie, Cobia, Derin, Csernansky, John G, Thompson, Paul M, Turner, Jessica A, and Wang, Lei
Abstract: Schizophrenia is associated with widespread alterations in subcortical brain structure. While analytic methods have enabled more detailed morphometric characterization, findings are often equivocal. In this meta-analysis, we employed the harmonized ENIGMA shape analysis protocols to collaboratively investigate subcortical brain structure shape differences between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy control participants. The study analyzed data from 2,833 individuals with schizophrenia and 3,929 healthy control participants contributed by 21 worldwide research groups participating in the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Harmonized shape analysis protocols were applied to each site's data independently for bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, caudate, accumbens, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus obtained from T1-weighted structural MRI scans. Mass univariate meta-analyses revealed more-concave-than-convex shape differences in the hippocampus, amygdala, accumbens, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared with control participants, more-convex-than-concave shape differences in the putamen and pallidum, and both concave and convex shape differences in the caudate. Patterns of exaggerated asymmetry were observed across the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus in individuals with schizophrenia compared to control participants, while diminished asymmetry encompassed ventral striatum and ventral and dorsal thalamus. Our analyses also revealed that higher chlorpromazine dose equivalents and increased positive symptom levels were associated with patterns of contiguous convex shape differences across multiple subcortical structures. Findings from our shape meta-analysis suggest that common neurobiological mechanisms may contribute to gray matter reduction across multiple subcortical regions, thus enhancing our understanding of the nature of network disorganization in schizophrenia.
Published: 2022

44. Longitudinal Structural Brain Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Neuroimaging Study of 1232 Individuals by the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Author: Abé, C, Ching, CRK, Liberg, B, Lebedev, AV, Agartz, I, Akudjedu, TN, Alda, M, Alnæs, D, Alonso-Lana, S, Benedetti, F, Berk, Michael, Bøen, E, Bonnin, CDM, Breuer, F, Brosch, K, Brouwer, RM, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Chye, Y, Dahl, A, Dandash, O, Dannlowski, U, Dohm, K, Elvsåshagen, T, Fisch, L, Fullerton, JM, Goikolea, JM, Grotegerd, D, Haatveit, B, Hahn, T, Hajek, T, Heindel, W, Ingvar, M, Sim, K, Kircher, TTJ, Lenroot, RK, Malt, UF, McDonald, C, McWhinney, SR, Melle, I, Meller, T, Melloni, EMT, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Nenadić, I, Opel, N, Overs, BJ, Panicalli, F, Pfarr, JK, Poletti, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Repple, J, Ringwald, KG, Roberts, G, Rodriguez-Cano, E, Salvador, R, Sarink, K, Sarró, S, Schmitt, S, Stein, F, Suo, C, Thomopoulos, SI, Tronchin, G, Vieta, E, Westlye, LT, White, AG, Yatham, LN, Zak, N, Thompson, PM, Andreassen, OA, Landén, M, Abé, C, Ching, CRK, Liberg, B, Lebedev, AV, Agartz, I, Akudjedu, TN, Alda, M, Alnæs, D, Alonso-Lana, S, Benedetti, F, Berk, Michael, Bøen, E, Bonnin, CDM, Breuer, F, Brosch, K, Brouwer, RM, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Chye, Y, Dahl, A, Dandash, O, Dannlowski, U, Dohm, K, Elvsåshagen, T, Fisch, L, Fullerton, JM, Goikolea, JM, Grotegerd, D, Haatveit, B, Hahn, T, Hajek, T, Heindel, W, Ingvar, M, Sim, K, Kircher, TTJ, Lenroot, RK, Malt, UF, McDonald, C, McWhinney, SR, Melle, I, Meller, T, Melloni, EMT, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Nenadić, I, Opel, N, Overs, BJ, Panicalli, F, Pfarr, JK, Poletti, S, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Repple, J, Ringwald, KG, Roberts, G, Rodriguez-Cano, E, Salvador, R, Sarink, K, Sarró, S, Schmitt, S, Stein, F, Suo, C, Thomopoulos, SI, Tronchin, G, Vieta, E, Westlye, LT, White, AG, Yatham, LN, Zak, N, Thompson, PM, Andreassen, OA, and Landén, M
Published: 2022

45. Subcortical volumes across the lifespan : Data from 18,605 healthy individuals aged 3–90 years

Author: Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Buckner, Randy L, Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher R K, Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dale, Anders M, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J C, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E, Gur, Ruben C, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharine A, Hatton, Sean N, Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P, Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W J, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Menchón, José M, Medland, Sarah E, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Potkin, Steven G, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro G P, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Swagerman, Suzanne C, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N, Turner, Jessica A, Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A, van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J A, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Van't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G M, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M, Williams, Steven C R, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J, Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, Thompson, Paul M, Frangou, Sophia, other, and, Dima, Danai, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Buckner, Randy L, Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher R K, Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dale, Anders M, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J C, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E, Gur, Ruben C, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharine A, Hatton, Sean N, Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J., Hibar, Derrek P, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P, Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W J, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Menchón, José M, Medland, Sarah E, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Potkin, Steven G, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro G P, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Swagerman, Suzanne C, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N, Turner, Jessica A, Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A, van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J A, van Haren, Neeltje E M, Van't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G M, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M, Williams, Steven C R, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J, Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, Thompson, Paul M, Frangou, Sophia, and other, and
Abstract: Age has a major effect on brain volume. However, the normative studies available are constrained by small sample sizes, restricted age coverage and significant methodological variability. These limitations introduce inconsistencies and may obscure or distort the lifespan trajectories of brain morphometry. In response, we capitalized on the resources of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to examine age-related trajectories inferred from cross-sectional measures of the ventricles, the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, pallidum, and nucleus accumbens), the thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala using magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from 18,605 individuals aged 3-90 years. All subcortical structure volumes were at their maximum value early in life. The volume of the basal ganglia showed a monotonic negative association with age thereafter; there was no significant association between age and the volumes of the thalamus, amygdala and the hippocampus (with some degree of decline in thalamus) until the sixth decade of life after which they also showed a steep negative association with age. The lateral ventricles showed continuous enlargement throughout the lifespan. Age was positively associated with inter-individual variability in the hippocampus and amygdala and the lateral ventricles. These results were robust to potential confounders and could be used to examine the functional significance of deviations from typical age-related morphometric patterns.
Published: 2022

46. Greater male than female variability in regional brain structure across the lifespan

Author: Wierenga, Lara M, Doucet, Gaelle E, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher Rk, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia J, Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G, Dickie, Erin W, Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco Jc, Giorgio, Annabella Di, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Gurholt, Tiril P, de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharina A, Hatton, Sean N, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Hickie, Ian B, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kalnin, Andrew J, Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskår, Knut K, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Phil H, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise Wj, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchón, José M, Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Geneviève, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro Gp, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Szeszko, Philip R, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Trollor, Julian N, Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Williams, Steven Cr, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wright, Margaret J, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A, Frangou, Sophia, Tamnes, Christian K, Wierenga, Lara M, Doucet, Gaelle E, Dima, Danai, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andreassen, Ole A, Anticevic, Alan, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, den Braber, Anouk, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Calhoun, Vince D, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher Rk, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia J, Conzelmann, Annette, Crivello, Fabrice, Davey, Christopher G, Dickie, Erin W, Ehrlich, Stefan, Van't Ent, Dennis, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, de Geus, Eco Jc, Giorgio, Annabella Di, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans J, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Raquel E, Gur, Ruben C, Gurholt, Tiril P, de Haan, Lieuwe, Haatveit, Beathe, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharina A, Hatton, Sean N, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, van den Heuvel, Odile A, Hickie, Ian B, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony C, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kalnin, Andrew J, Klein, Marieke, Koenders, Laura, Kolskår, Knut K, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lazaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina S, Lee, Phil H, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise Wj, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Brenna C, McDonald, Colm, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, van der Meer, Dennis, Menchón, José M, Naaijen, Jilly, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Richard, Geneviève, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro Gp, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Sim, Kang, Simmons, Andrew, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris E, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Szeszko, Philip R, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Trollor, Julian N, Uhlmann, Anne, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather C, Williams, Steven Cr, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Wright, Margaret J, Yoncheva, Yuliya N, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, de Zubicaray, Greig I, Thompson, Paul M., Crone, Eveline A, Frangou, Sophia, and Tamnes, Christian K
Abstract: For many traits, males show greater variability than females, with possible implications for understanding sex differences in health and disease. Here, the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Consortium presents the largest-ever mega-analysis of sex differences in variability of brain structure, based on international data spanning nine decades of life. Subcortical volumes, cortical surface area and cortical thickness were assessed in MRI data of 16,683 healthy individuals 1-90 years old (47% females). We observed significant patterns of greater male than female between-subject variance for all subcortical volumetric measures, all cortical surface area measures, and 60% of cortical thickness measures. This pattern was stable across the lifespan for 50% of the subcortical structures, 70% of the regional area measures, and nearly all regions for thickness. Our findings that these sex differences are present in childhood implicate early life genetic or gene-environment interaction mechanisms. The findings highlight the importance of individual differences within the sexes, that may underpin sex-specific vulnerability to disorders.
Published: 2022

47. In vivo hippocampal subfield volumes in bipolar disorder—A mega-analysis from The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Bipolar Disorder Working Group

Author: Haukvik, UK, Gurholt, TP, Nerland, S, Elvsåshagen, T, Akudjedu, TN, Alda, M, Alnæs, D, Alonso-Lana, S, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Benedetti, F, Berk, Michael, Bettella, F, Bøen, E, Bonnín, CM, Brambilla, P, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Caseras, X, Dandash, O, Dannlowski, U, Delvecchio, G, Díaz-Zuluaga, AM, van Erp, TGM, Fatjó-Vilas, M, Foley, SF, Förster, K, Fullerton, JM, Goikolea, JM, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Haarman, BCM, Haatveit, B, Hajek, T, Hallahan, B, Harris, M, Hawkins, EL, Howells, FM, Hülsmann, C, Jahanshad, N, Jørgensen, KN, Kircher, T, Krämer, B, Krug, A, Kuplicki, R, Lagerberg, TV, Lancaster, TM, Lenroot, RK, Lonning, V, López-Jaramillo, C, Malt, UF, McDonald, C, McIntosh, AM, McPhilemy, G, van der Meer, D, Melle, I, Melloni, EMT, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Nenadić, I, Oertel, V, Oldani, L, Opel, N, Otaduy, MCG, Overs, BJ, Pineda-Zapata, JA, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Rauer, L, Redlich, R, Repple, J, Rive, MM, Roberts, G, Ruhe, HG, Salminen, LE, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Savitz, J, Schene, AH, Sim, K, Soeiro-de-Souza, MG, Stäblein, M, Stein, DJ, Stein, F, Tamnes, CK, Temmingh, HS, Thomopoulos, SI, Veltman, DJ, Vieta, E, Waltemate, L, Westlye, LT, Whalley, HC, Sämann, PG, Thompson, PM, Ching, CRK, Andreassen, OA, Agartz, I, Haukvik, UK, Gurholt, TP, Nerland, S, Elvsåshagen, T, Akudjedu, TN, Alda, M, Alnæs, D, Alonso-Lana, S, Bauer, J, Baune, BT, Benedetti, F, Berk, Michael, Bettella, F, Bøen, E, Bonnín, CM, Brambilla, P, Canales-Rodríguez, EJ, Cannon, DM, Caseras, X, Dandash, O, Dannlowski, U, Delvecchio, G, Díaz-Zuluaga, AM, van Erp, TGM, Fatjó-Vilas, M, Foley, SF, Förster, K, Fullerton, JM, Goikolea, JM, Grotegerd, D, Gruber, O, Haarman, BCM, Haatveit, B, Hajek, T, Hallahan, B, Harris, M, Hawkins, EL, Howells, FM, Hülsmann, C, Jahanshad, N, Jørgensen, KN, Kircher, T, Krämer, B, Krug, A, Kuplicki, R, Lagerberg, TV, Lancaster, TM, Lenroot, RK, Lonning, V, López-Jaramillo, C, Malt, UF, McDonald, C, McIntosh, AM, McPhilemy, G, van der Meer, D, Melle, I, Melloni, EMT, Mitchell, PB, Nabulsi, L, Nenadić, I, Oertel, V, Oldani, L, Opel, N, Otaduy, MCG, Overs, BJ, Pineda-Zapata, JA, Pomarol-Clotet, E, Radua, J, Rauer, L, Redlich, R, Repple, J, Rive, MM, Roberts, G, Ruhe, HG, Salminen, LE, Salvador, R, Sarró, S, Savitz, J, Schene, AH, Sim, K, Soeiro-de-Souza, MG, Stäblein, M, Stein, DJ, Stein, F, Tamnes, CK, Temmingh, HS, Thomopoulos, SI, Veltman, DJ, Vieta, E, Waltemate, L, Westlye, LT, Whalley, HC, Sämann, PG, Thompson, PM, Ching, CRK, Andreassen, OA, and Agartz, I
Published: 2022

48. Cortical thickness across the lifespan: Data from 17,075 healthy individuals aged 3-90 years

Author: Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven C R, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Buckner, Randy L, Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher R K, Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dale, Anders M, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J C, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E, Gur, Ruben C, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharine A, Hatton, Sean N, Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hibar, Derrek P, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P, Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W J, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Menchón, José M, Medland, Sarah E, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Potkin, Steven G, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro G P, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Swagerman, Suzanne C, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N, Turner, Jessica A, Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A, van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J A, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van 't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G M, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J, Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, Thompson, Paul M, Dima, Danai, other, and, Frangou, Sophia, Modabbernia, Amirhossein, Williams, Steven C R, Papachristou, Efstathios, Doucet, Gaelle E, Agartz, Ingrid, Aghajani, Moji, Akudjedu, Theophilus N, Albajes-Eizagirre, Anton, Alnaes, Dag, Alpert, Kathryn I, Andersson, Micael, Andreasen, Nancy C, Andreassen, Ole A, Asherson, Philip, Banaschewski, Tobias, Bargallo, Nuria, Baumeister, Sarah, Baur-Streubel, Ramona, Bertolino, Alessandro, Bonvino, Aurora, Boomsma, Dorret I, Borgwardt, Stefan, Bourque, Josiane, Brandeis, Daniel, Breier, Alan, Brodaty, Henry, Brouwer, Rachel M, Buitelaar, Jan K, Busatto, Geraldo F, Buckner, Randy L, Calhoun, Vincent, Canales-Rodríguez, Erick J, Cannon, Dara M, Caseras, Xavier, Castellanos, Francisco X, Cervenka, Simon, Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M, Ching, Christopher R K, Chubar, Victoria, Clark, Vincent P, Conrod, Patricia, Conzelmann, Annette, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crivello, Fabrice, Crone, Eveline A, Dale, Anders M, Davey, Christopher, de Geus, Eco J C, de Haan, Lieuwe, de Zubicaray, Greig I, den Braber, Anouk, Dickie, Erin W, Di Giorgio, Annabella, Doan, Nhat Trung, Dørum, Erlend S, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fatouros-Bergman, Helena, Fisher, Simon E, Fouche, Jean-Paul, Franke, Barbara, Frodl, Thomas, Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola, Glahn, David C, Gotlib, Ian H, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Grimm, Oliver, Groenewold, Nynke A, Grotegerd, Dominik, Gruber, Oliver, Gruner, Patricia, Gur, Rachel E, Gur, Ruben C, Harrison, Ben J, Hartman, Catharine A, Hatton, Sean N, Heinz, Andreas, Heslenfeld, Dirk J, Hibar, Derrek P, Hickie, Ian B, Ho, Beng-Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Hohmann, Sarah, Holmes, Avram J, Hoogman, Martine, Hosten, Norbert, Howells, Fleur M, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E, Huyser, Chaim, Jahanshad, Neda, James, Anthony, Jernigan, Terry L, Jiang, Jiyang, Jönsson, Erik G, Joska, John A, Kahn, Rene, Kalnin, Andrew, Kanai, Ryota, Klein, Marieke, Klyushnik, Tatyana P, Koenders, Laura, Koops, Sanne, Krämer, Bernd, Kuntsi, Jonna, Lagopoulos, Jim, Lázaro, Luisa, Lebedeva, Irina, Lee, Won Hee, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Lochner, Christine, Machielsen, Marise W J, Maingault, Sophie, Martin, Nicholas G, Martínez-Zalacaín, Ignacio, Mataix-Cols, David, Mazoyer, Bernard, McDonald, Colm, McDonald, Brenna C, McIntosh, Andrew M, McMahon, Katie L, McPhilemy, Genevieve, Menchón, José M, Medland, Sarah E, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Naaijen, Jilly, Najt, Pablo, Nakao, Tomohiro, Nordvik, Jan E, Nyberg, Lars, Oosterlaan, Jaap, de la Foz, Víctor Ortiz-García, Paloyelis, Yannis, Pauli, Paul, Pergola, Giulio, Pomarol-Clotet, Edith, Portella, Maria J, Potkin, Steven G, Radua, Joaquim, Reif, Andreas, Rinker, Daniel A, Roffman, Joshua L, Rosa, Pedro G P, Sacchet, Matthew D, Sachdev, Perminder S, Salvador, Raymond, Sánchez-Juan, Pascual, Sarró, Salvador, Satterthwaite, Theodore D, Saykin, Andrew J, Serpa, Mauricio H, Schmaal, Lianne, Schnell, Knut, Schumann, Gunter, Sim, Kang, Smoller, Jordan W, Sommer, Iris, Soriano-Mas, Carles, Stein, Dan J, Strike, Lachlan T, Swagerman, Suzanne C, Tamnes, Christian K, Temmingh, Henk S, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Tomyshev, Alexander S, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Trollor, Julian N, Turner, Jessica A, Uhlmann, Anne, van den Heuvel, Odile A, van den Meer, Dennis, van der Wee, Nic J A, van Haren, Neeltje E M, van 't Ent, Dennis, van Erp, Theo G M, Veer, Ilya M, Veltman, Dick J, Voineskos, Aristotle, Völzke, Henry, Walter, Henrik, Walton, Esther, Wang, Lei, Wang, Yang, Wassink, Thomas H, Weber, Bernd, Wen, Wei, West, John D, Westlye, Lars T, Whalley, Heather, Wierenga, Lara M, Wittfeld, Katharina, Wolf, Daniel H, Worker, Amanda, Wright, Margaret J, Yang, Kun, Yoncheva, Yulyia, Zanetti, Marcus V, Ziegler, Georg C, Thompson, Paul M, Dima, Danai, and other, and
Abstract: Delineating the association of age and cortical thickness in healthy individuals is critical given the association of cortical thickness with cognition and behavior. Previous research has shown that robust estimates of the association between age and brain morphometry require large-scale studies. In response, we used cross-sectional data from 17,075 individuals aged 3-90 years from the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium to infer age-related changes in cortical thickness. We used fractional polynomial (FP) regression to quantify the association between age and cortical thickness, and we computed normalized growth centiles using the parametric Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. Interindividual variability was estimated using meta-analysis and one-way analysis of variance. For most regions, their highest cortical thickness value was observed in childhood. Age and cortical thickness showed a negative association; the slope was steeper up to the third decade of life and more gradual thereafter; notable exceptions to this general pattern were entorhinal, temporopolar, and anterior cingulate cortices. Interindividual variability was largest in temporal and frontal regions across the lifespan. Age and its FP combinations explained up to 59% variance in cortical thickness. These results may form the basis of further investigation on normative deviation in cortical thickness and its significance for behavioral and cognitive outcomes.
Published: 2022

49. Using artificial neural networks to improve hydrological streamflow predictions from PCR-GLOBWB

Author: Pomarol Moya, Oriol, Karssenberg, Derek (Thesis Advisor), Pomarol Moya, Oriol, and Karssenberg, Derek (Thesis Advisor)
Abstract: This project aimed to improve the streamflow discharge simulation performance of the PCR-GLOBWB hydrology model in the Rhine basin by modelling its residuals using artificial neural networks. Two architectures were used, a more generic fully connected network and a temporal convolutional network, as well as a multiple linear regression as a baseline. The predictors included a bunch of PCR-GLOBWB output variables (e.g. runoff components, groundwater recharge, snow, groundwater stores, etc.) and meteorological input variables (precipitation, temperature and reference potential evaporation), which were fed to the models either directly or by adding lagged versions of them of up to 60 days. The results showed increased performances to the original PCR-GLOBWB simulations, but no significant differences were found between the different machine learning models.
Published: 2022

50. Wilson Coefficients and Natural Zeros from the On-Shell Viewpoint

Author: Rose, Luigi Delle, von Harling, Benedict, Pomarol, Alex, Rose, Luigi Delle, von Harling, Benedict, and Pomarol, Alex
Abstract: We show how to simplify the calculation of the finite contributions from heavy particles to EFT Wilson coefficients by using on-shell methods. We apply the technique to the one-loop calculation of $g-2$ and $H\gamma\gamma$, showing how finite contributions can be obtained from the product of tree-level amplitudes. In certain cases, due to a parity symmetry of these amplitudes, the total contribution adds up to zero, as previously found in the literature. Our method allows to search for new natural zeros, as well as to obtain non-zero contributions in a straightforward way., Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2022

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