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Background: The emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in late 2019 saw the implementation of public health and social measures (PHSM) by countries across Europe to reduce its transmission and impact on populations. Consequently, countries reported changes in influenza circulation and extensive disruptions to routine surveillance systems.MethodsWe describe the epidemiology of influenza in Europe between Weeks 40/2020 and 39/2022 compared to the 2016/17 to 2019/20 seasons, to assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic and PHSM on surveillance systems and influenza circulation.ResultsLow detections of influenza were observed through primary care sentinel sources during seasonal influenza periods (Week 40 to 20); 56 (of 39,457 specimens tested; < 1% positivity) in 2020/21 and 7261 (of 64,153 specimens tested; 11% positivity) detections in 2021/22 were observed, compared to an average of 18,383 (of 50,544 specimens tested; 36% positivity) detections in 2016/17 to 2019/20. Similarly, 11 (of 19,989 specimens tested; < 1% positivity) and 1488 (of 23,636 specimens tested; 6% positivity) detections were reported through SARI surveillance sources in 2020/21 and 2021/22, respectively, compared to an average of 2850 (of 10,389 specimens tested; 27% positivity) detections in 2016/17 to 2019/20. However, the 2021/22 interseasonal period saw unusual increases in influenza detections across surveillance site types when PHSM were easing.ConclusionIn conclusion, findings suggest that the restriction and easing of PHSM measures were associated with variations in influenza detections. Our observations of out‐of‐season influenza activity highlight the importance of an integrated respiratory surveillance strategy to monitor circulating respiratory viruses throughout the year to inform optimal prevention and control strategies.

This research was focused around the artificial balance organ – the vestibular implant (VI). At first, diagnostic tools for vestibular function were studied: electro-oculography (EOG) showed good results as compared with the ‘golden standard’ of vestibular diagnostics, which is video-oculography (VOG). The latter is a non-invasive video-based method recording the eye movements, whereas the first measures the movements by placing electrodes around the eyes. Hence, EOG can serve as a more affordable alternative for VOG. Next, the selection criteria for VI were studied in a group of patients with bilateral vestibular loss. It was shown that only 76% of patients are eligible to get the VI, and no association between etiology of the disease and reflex test outcomes was found. Nevertheless, self-motion perception can be tested in a quick way in clinics and can thus complement vestibular reflex tests in diagnosing dysfunction and evaluating the VI efficiency. Finally, 3D model of electrical conductivity in the inner ear was constructed based on the animal experiments to improve electrical stimulation of the VI.

In the conditions of industrial production, the problem of growing poultry with increased resistance to various diseases is relevant because the birds are exposed to various stress conditions. Traditionally, disease prevention is carried out through the use of vaccines, chemical pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics. The global use of therapeutic drugs contributes to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms and a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment; some of them have an immunosuppressive effect. The article presents the results of research on the effect of the preparation "Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp." on the immune status, growth rate, and safety of experimental stock in broiler chickens. Studies were carried out on 150 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks that were divided into three groups of 50 birds. The control Group (G3) was fed a standard ration based on the phases of growth, while the experimental Groups (G1 and G2) were supplemented with probiotics at different doses in the feed. The experiment was designed to last for 41 days. In the 3rd week, the average live weights of G1 and G2 broiler chickens exceeded those of G3 by 5.5 and 4.1%, respectively. In the 6th week, G1 and G2 broiler chicks had average live weights that exceeded those of G3 by 7.7 and 7.4%, respectively. The survival rates of the flocks in G1 and G2 were 4 and 2% higher, respectively than in G3. The average titers for Newcastle Disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in G1 were 314.9 and 53.5% higher, respectively than in G3, while in G2 they were 3.7 and 21.8% lower, respectively. For infectious bursal disease, G1 and G2 exceeded the control group by 74.2 and 6.4%, respectively. The meat yield of G1 and G2 was higher at 17.2 and 9.1%, respectively, compared to G3. Probiotics have shown many beneficial properties, including the ability to improve immunity, gut str

In the conditions of industrial production, the problem of growing poultry with increased resistance to various diseases is relevant because the birds are exposed to various stress conditions. Traditionally, disease prevention is carried out through the use of vaccines, chemical pharmaceuticals, and antibiotics. The global use of therapeutic drugs contributes to the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms and a decrease in the effectiveness of treatment; some of them have an immunosuppressive effect. The article presents the results of research on the effect of the preparation "Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp." on the immune status, growth rate, and safety of experimental stock in broiler chickens. Studies were carried out on 150 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks that were divided into three groups of 50 birds. The control Group (G3) was fed a standard ration based on the phases of growth, while the experimental Groups (G1 and G2) were supplemented with probiotics at different doses in the feed. The experiment was designed to last for 41 days. In the 3rd week, the average live weights of G1 and G2 broiler chickens exceeded those of G3 by 5.5 and 4.1%, respectively. In the 6th week, G1 and G2 broiler chicks had average live weights that exceeded those of G3 by 7.7 and 7.4%, respectively. The survival rates of the flocks in G1 and G2 were 4 and 2% higher, respectively than in G3. The average titers for Newcastle Disease and infectious bronchitis viruses in G1 were 314.9 and 53.5% higher, respectively than in G3, while in G2 they were 3.7 and 21.8% lower, respectively. For infectious bursal disease, G1 and G2 exceeded the control group by 74.2 and 6.4%, respectively. The meat yield of G1 and G2 was higher at 17.2 and 9.1%, respectively, compared to G3. Probiotics have shown many beneficial properties, including the ability to improve immunity, gut str

This research was focused around the artificial balance organ – the vestibular implant (VI). At first, diagnostic tools for vestibular function were studied: electro-oculography (EOG) showed good results as compared with the ‘golden standard’ of vestibular diagnostics, which is video-oculography (VOG). The latter is a non-invasive video-based method recording the eye movements, whereas the first measures the movements by placing electrodes around the eyes. Hence, EOG can serve as a more affordable alternative for VOG. Next, the selection criteria for VI were studied in a group of patients with bilateral vestibular loss. It was shown that only 76% of patients are eligible to get the VI, and no association between etiology of the disease and reflex test outcomes was found. Nevertheless, self-motion perception can be tested in a quick way in clinics and can thus complement vestibular reflex tests in diagnosing dysfunction and evaluating the VI efficiency. Finally, 3D model of electrical conductivity in the inner ear was constructed based on the animal experiments to improve electrical stimulation of the VI.

В статье представлены результаты исследования эффективности взаимодействия вузов и работодателей на региональном рынке труда. Особое внимание уделено цифровизации отношений в системе «вуз – работодатель». Предложено создание на сайте вуза Цифровой карьерной площадки как площадки взаимодействия вуза и работодателей.

В статье рассмотрены проблемы инфраструктурной поддержки малого бизнеса в период цифровой трансформации. Опыт развитых экономик показывает, что успешное развитие малого бизнеса невозможно без инфраструктурной поддержки. Институты, предоставляющие финансовую, информационную и консалтинговую поддержку, должны грамотно выстраивать отношения с малым бизнесом, своевременно предоставляя свои услуги. Развитие инфраструктуры малого бизнеса в регионе должно протекать в двух направлениях: «Массовый бизнес» и «Высокотехнологичный бизнес». Для каждого направления необходимо выстроить собственную инфраструктурную поддержку с учетом их специфики.

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) can affect visual acuity in dynamic conditions, like walking. This can be assessed by testing Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) on a treadmill at different walking speeds. Apart from BVP, age itself might influence DVA and the ability to complete the test. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DVA tested while walking, and the drop-out rate (the inability to complete all walking speeds of the test) are significantly influenced by age in BVP-patients and healthy subjects.METHODS: Forty-four BVP-patients (20 male, mean age 59 years) and 63 healthy subjects (27 male, mean age 46 years) performed the DVA test on a treadmill at 0 (static condition), 2, 4 and 6 km/h (dynamic conditions). The dynamic visual acuity loss was calculated as the difference between visual acuity in the static condition and visual acuity in each walking condition. The dependency of the drop-out rate and dynamic visual acuity loss on BVP and age was investigated at all walking speeds, as well as the dependency of dynamic visual acuity loss on speed.RESULTS: Age and BVP significantly increased the drop-out rate (p ≤ 0.038). A significantly higher dynamic visual acuity loss was found at all speeds in BVP-patients compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Age showed no effect on dynamic visual acuity loss in both groups. In BVP-patients, increasing walking speeds resulted in higher dynamic visual acuity loss (p ≤ 0.036).CONCLUSION: DVA tested while walking on a treadmill, is one of the few "close to reality" functional outcome measures of vestibular function in the vertical plane. It is able to demonstrate significant loss of DVA in bilateral vestibulopathy patients. However, since bilateral vestibulopathy and age significantly increase the drop-out rate at faster walking speeds, it is recommended to use age-matched controls. Furthermore, it could be considered to use an individual "preferred" walking speed and to limi

In our work we demonstrate a developed design project for lighting a 24-hour cafe at one of the largest airports in Russia. The project is based on use of energy-efficient technology for delivering natural light to rooms with constant presence of people. The existing option includes only minor artificial lighting. Employees and passengers who, for various reasons, have to stay in the terminal cafe for a long time, experience certain discomfort and fatigue for lack of natural light and continuous air conditioning in summer time. The proposed design project allows not only to radically change the interior atmosphere of the cafe due to natural sunlight and diffuse light, but also significantly save energy costs associated with continuous round-the-clock energy consuming artificial lighting and air conditioning in summer, contribute to improving the psychological comfort of people and preserving the natural environment. This statement is confirmed in this article below by the heat engineering calculation performed in Ansys calculation complex. There are no analogues to this project. Illumination calculations were performed in improved DIALux program, into which the relevant information on the applied daylighting systems was integrated. The calculation of the economic profitability of the design project confirms feasibility of material costs. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) can affect visual acuity in dynamic conditions, like walking. This can be assessed by testing Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) on a treadmill at different walking speeds. Apart from BVP, age itself might influence DVA and the ability to complete the test. The objective of this study was to investigate whether DVA tested while walking, and the drop-out rate (the inability to complete all walking speeds of the test) are significantly influenced by age in BVP-patients and healthy subjects.METHODS: Forty-four BVP-patients (20 male, mean age 59 years) and 63 healthy subjects (27 male, mean age 46 years) performed the DVA test on a treadmill at 0 (static condition), 2, 4 and 6 km/h (dynamic conditions). The dynamic visual acuity loss was calculated as the difference between visual acuity in the static condition and visual acuity in each walking condition. The dependency of the drop-out rate and dynamic visual acuity loss on BVP and age was investigated at all walking speeds, as well as the dependency of dynamic visual acuity loss on speed.RESULTS: Age and BVP significantly increased the drop-out rate (p ≤ 0.038). A significantly higher dynamic visual acuity loss was found at all speeds in BVP-patients compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Age showed no effect on dynamic visual acuity loss in both groups. In BVP-patients, increasing walking speeds resulted in higher dynamic visual acuity loss (p ≤ 0.036).CONCLUSION: DVA tested while walking on a treadmill, is one of the few "close to reality" functional outcome measures of vestibular function in the vertical plane. It is able to demonstrate significant loss of DVA in bilateral vestibulopathy patients. However, since bilateral vestibulopathy and age significantly increase the drop-out rate at faster walking speeds, it is recommended to use age-matched controls. Furthermore, it could be considered to use an individual "preferred" walking speed and to limi

У статті розглядається можливість використання альтернативних джерел енергії загалом і термоелектричних модулів зокрема - для часткового заміщення електропостачання від мережі у сільській місцевості. Метою статті є оцінка можливості використання альтернативних джерел енергії для часткового заміщення електропостачання від мережі у сільській місцевості Кіровоградської області. Проведено оцінку використання портативної низьковольтної термоелектрогенеруючої системи на основі елементів Пельтьє для утилізації тепла теплових втрат побутового опалення з використанням відходів лісівництва у якості паливного енергоресурсу. У результаті розгляду потенціалу альтернативних джерел енергії визначено, що жодне з розглянутих альтернативних джерел енергії не здатне у повному обсязі задовольнити потреби споживача, слід розглядати лише можливість їх комплексного використання, та компонування не з готових модулів, а з окремо підібраних елементів – для зниження ціни обладнання, оскільки собівартість 1 кВт електроенергії у такій системі буде невиправдано високою у порівнянні з живленням від мережі навіть за перспективи зростання тарифу. Тому такі пристрої слід орієнтувати на використання в умовах – де доступ до живлення від мережі повністю унеможливлений. This article considers the possibility of using the alternative energy sources in general and thermoelectric modules in particular - for partial replacement of electricity supply from the network in rural areas. The purpose of the article is to research the possibility of using alternative sources of energy for partial replacement of electricity from the network in rural areas of the Kirovograd region. The use of a portable low-voltage thermoelectric-generating system based on Peltier elements for the utilization of heat losses heating in domestic heating systems using forestry wastes as a fuel energy resource was estimated in the article. As a result of research into the potential of alternative energy sources, it is determined that non

Were developed an optimal system of automatical control for mode of hybrid electric power supply system with renewable energy sources, that let increase the maximal active power generation level in the case when were maintaining the normal admissible level of voltage deviation in the point of connection of renewable electric power sources and power consumers into the grid. It is shown that this task of automatical control is most acceptable to interpret as the matter of multicriterial optimisation. Where proposed an structural circuit of optimal system of automatical control and algorithm of calculation vector of the control, which based on the solution of the problem of multicriterial optimization using the method of approximation to the utopia point in the criteria space. Basing on the developed the structural circuit and the algorithm of definition vector of the control was created the computer imitational model which is let to analyze the modes of hybrid power system with renewable energy sources. Using the model was definite the effect from the application of the developed algorithm of automatic control of electric power generation plants. An analysis of computer imitational modeling results show that application of developed optimal automatic control system, in diverse from basic model, is let to increase the level of generation of active electric power into distribution grid in case of maintaining the normal admissible levels of voltage deviation. In case of application of the developed automatic control system for hybrid power system with renewable power sources were gained the increase of power generation to the distribution grid on 8,13 % more than in case of exploitation of based model. In this conditions the results of statistical analysis of values of voltages stable deviation in the connection point for electrical power consumers is shown that the electricity quality indicator for the case of developed automatic control system is appropriate with GOST, Разработано оптимальную систему автоматического управления режимами комбинированной электроэнергетической системы с возобновляемыми источниками энергии, которая позволяет обеспечить максимальный уровень генерации активной мощности при условии соблюдения нормально допустимых значений установившегося отклонения напряжения в точке присоединения возобновляемых источников электроэнергии и электропотребителей к электрической сети. Показано, что данную задачу автоматического управления наиболее целесообразно интерпретировать как задачу многокритериальной оптимизации. Предложено структурную схему оптимальной системы автоматического управления и алгоритм расчета вектора управления, в основу которого положены решения задачи многокритериальной оптимизации методом приближения к утопической точке в пространстве критериев. На основании разработанных структурной схемы системы автоматического управления и алгоритма определения вектора управления создана компьютерная имитационная модель, которая позволяет проводить анализ режима работы комбинированной электроэнергетической системы с возобновляемыми источниками энергии. С помощью данной модели был определен эффект от применения разработанного алгоритма автоматического управления установками генерации электрической мощности. Анализ результатов компьютерного имитационного моделирования показал, что применение разработанной оптимальной системы управления, в отличии от базовой модели, позволяет повысить уровень генерации активной мощности в районную электрическую сеть при условии соблюдения нормально допустимых значений установившегося отклонения напряжения. Так, при использовании разработанной системы автоматического управления комбинированной электроэнергетической системой с возобновляемыми источниками энергии достигнуто увеличение генерации активной мощности в сеть на 8,13 %, в сравнении со случаем базовой модели. При этом результаты статистической обработки значений установившегося отклонения напряжения в точке присоединения электроп, Розроблено оптимальну систему автоматичного керування режимом комбінованої електроенергетичної системи з відновлюваними джерелами енергії, яка дозволяє забезпечити максимальний рівень генерації активної потужності за умови дотримання нормально допустимих значень усталеного відхилення напруги в точці приєднання відновлюваних джерел електроенергії та електроспоживачів до електричної мережі. Показано, що дану задачу автоматичного керування найдоцільніше інтерпретувати як задачу багатокритеріальної оптимізації. Запропоновано структурну схему оптимальної системи автоматичного керування та алгоритм розрахунку вектора керування, в основу якого покладено розв’язки задачі багатокритеріальної оптимізації методом наближення до утопічної точки в просторі критеріїв. На основі розроблених структурної схеми системи автоматичного керування та алгоритму визначення вектору керування створено комп’ютерну імітаційну модель, яка дозволяє проводити аналіз режиму роботи комбінованої електроенергетичної системи з відновлюваними джерелами енергії. За допомогою даної моделі було визначено ефект від застосування розробленого алгоритму автоматичного керування установками генерації електричної потужності. Аналіз результатів комп’ютерного імітаційного моделювання засвідчив, що застосування розробленої оптимальної системи керування, на відміну від базової моделі, дозволяє підвищити рівень генерації активної потужності в районну електричну мережу за умови дотримання нормально допустимих значень усталеного відхилення напруги. Так, при використанні розробленої системи автоматичного керування комбінованою електроенергетичною системою з відновлюваними джерелами енергії досягнуто збільшення генерації активної потужності в мережу на 8,13 %, порівняно з випадком базової моделі. При цьому результати статистичної обробки значень усталеного відхилення напруги в точці приєднання електроспоживачів засвідчили, що даний показник якості електроенергії для випадку розробленої системи автоматичного керування задов

The goal of the project is to increase the efficiency of the facility by using an energy efficient technology of delivering natural daylight to spaces with permanent presence of people. A special feature of the heat engineering calculation was a study of the options for locating anticondensation trays in hollow tubular light guides to find their most optimal position in terms of possible thermal losses. The results of lighting calculations inside the object are produced in the program DIALux, which in its tern has been improved due to the integration of the information on hollow tubular light guides of the applied diameter in it. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

В статті запропонована математична модель гібридної енергосистеми з відновлюваними джерелами енергії Отримані рівняння моделі відображають динаміку керування енергосистеми при перерозподілі потоків енергії. In the article the mathematical model to develop a hybrid power system, which provides consumers with electric and heat energy from four sources of excess accumulation of partial and cheap energy. It was proposed block diagram of a hybrid power system in the central part of the grid, renewable battery power or heat. Based on the proposed scheme were drawn up structural equation model mathematical distribution of energy flows, including the cost of energy. The equations models reflect the dynamics of power management reallocate energy flows through the presence of control parameters αi(t) and redistribution of energy recruiting particles kij(t).

На основі аналізу схеми нормального режиму мережі 150 кВ ПАТ «Кіровоградобленерго» встановлено, що існує ряд підстанцій, де встановлення фіксаторів короткого замикання просто необхідно. Вибрано оптимальний варіант конструкції фіксатора короткого замикання, розроблено його кінематичну схему, визначено зв’язки між переміщеннями частин механізму приладу та виконано його силовий розрахунок. Розроблено конструкцію фіксатора короткого замикання, виконано його розрахунок магнітної системи, що дозволило побудувати вебер-амперні та тягові характеристики приладу. Проведено експериментальні дослідження та лабораторні випробування фіксатора короткого замикання. В результаті чого визначено пороги спрацьовування пристрою в функції струму та часу, побудовано його характеристики. Експериментом підтверджено повну придатність приладу для роботи в реальних умовах. The article is dedicated to improving reliability of electric networks with voltage 110-150 kV by application developed special devices latch short circuit. Based on the analysis circuit normal 150 kV network PAC "Kirovogradoblenergo" found that a number of stations where installation clamps short circuit is necessary. Your best option holder short circuit designs developed his kinematic scheme defined relationships between parts movement mechanism unit and executed his power calculation. The design retainer short circuit, made his calculation of the magnetic system, which allowed to build Weber-voltage and traction device. Experimental studies and laboratory tests latch short circuit. As a result, defined thresholds triggering device as a function of current and time, built its characteristics. Experiment confirmed the full applicability of the device to work in real conditions.

В статті розглянуті принципи побудови вимірювальних перетворювачів напруги прямої послідовності. Показано, що раціональним є комбіноване конструювання приладів, в яких виділення напруги прямої послідовності здійснюється за допомогою фільтрів симетричних складових з наступним цифровим перетворенням і обробкою інформації. Запропоновано введення коректора, побудованого на основі аперіодичної ланки першого порядку, в схему канонічного фільтра симетричних складових напруги прямої послідовності, що дозволяє практично позбутися похибок, викликаних девіацією частоти напруги мережі. Синтезовано універсальний вимірювальний перетворювач контролю рівнів напруги. The article describes the principles for plotting measurement transducers of positive-sequence voltage. It is shown that the optimal solution is integrated designing devices which release the positive-sequence voltage by using sequence voltage filters with sequential digital conversion and processing information. It is suggested to input in a scheme of a canonical sequence voltage filter for positive-sequence voltage a corrector, built on the basis of a first-order lag block. The filter is allowing virtually eliminate errors caused by frequency deviation voltage. A universal transducer to control stress levels is synthesized.

In article the results of economic calculations confirming profitability of long-term investments into power effective building in Uralsk region with application of power saving up technologies are resulted., В статье представлены результаты экономических расчетов, подтверждающих выгодность долгосрочных инвестиций в Уральском регионе в энергоэффективные здания с применением технологий сохранения энергии.

Для сучасних систем електропостачання особливо актуальним постає питання покращення якості електричної енергії. Існуючі методи та технічні засоби зниження рівнів показників якості електричної енергії в електричних мережах хоча і є досить ефективними, проте вимагають значних капіталовкладень, що стримує їх широке розповсюдження. Одним із шляхів вирішення даної проблеми є удосконалення систем автоматичного управління технічних засобів регулювання напруги. Стаття присвячена розробці алгоритму роботи блоку управління пристроєм регулювання напруги під навантаженням силового трансформатора із схемою з’єднання обмоток «трикутник/зірка з нулем», розробці принципових електричних схем блоку управління та експериментального стенду, розробці макету пристрою. Проведено експериментальне дослідження якості роботи системи автоматичного регулювання напруги. Результати експериментальних досліджень показали, що при застосуванні запропонованого пристрою регулювання напруги спостерігається зниження рівнів показників якості електричної енергії (усталеного відхилення напруги, коефіцієнтів несиметрії напруг по зворотній та нульовій послідовностях) до значень, що не перевищують нормально допустимі.For modern power supply systems, particularly topical issue of improving the quality of electrical energy. Existing methods and technical means of reducing the levels of quality of electric energy in electric networks though are quite effective, but require significant capital investments, which hinders their widespread use. One way to solve this problem - it is an improvement of automatic control systems of technical means of voltage regulation. Article is devoted to the development of the algorithm of the control unit device-load power transformer winding connection with the scheme "D/Y to zero," the development of schematic diagrams of the control unit and the experimental stand, the development model of the device. An experimental study on the quality of the system of automatic voltage regulat

В статті проведено аналіз енергетичного потенціалу викопного палива Кіровоградської області. Визначено необхідність створення точної карти енергетичних потенціалів відновлюваних джерел енергії. Запропоновано спосіб зниження вартості енергії та підвищення надійності енергозабезпечення через підвищення частки використання власних енергоресурсів в паливно-енергетичному балансі області. The first aim of this article is to show the demands of our region in importable energy sources and the potential of own fossil fuel which is not used. The second - is to find the way to replace importable fuel by renevable energy sources and prepare the base direct calculation of their potential. The analysis of power potential of fossil fuel of the Kirovohrad area is conducted in the article. The necessity of creation of exact map of power potentials of renewable energy sources is certain. The method of decline of energy cost, and increase reliability of energy producing through the increase of part of the use of own resources, is offered in fuel and energy balance of area. Deposits of fossil fuel in the areas concentrated north and central districts, and the south prevail after potential of renewable sources. The wind power and sun radiation given on potential are got a calculation way, and show itself a medium value. From foregoing follows: it is necessary to conduct research of local meteorology information, conduct control intentions in supporting points - on verge of reach of stationary weather-stations, to take into account the local features of landscape, and on the basis of these data to create the specified map of power potentials of area (on districts) for wind and sun radiation powers. It will allow to estimate financial viability of the use of these types of refurbish able sources for the receipt of energy in a select for placing of power stations with high exactness.

В статті проведено дослідження потенціалу енергозбереження в секторі комунально-побутових споживачів. Визначено причини низької ефективності теплоенергетичних мереж. Запропоновано алгоритм поступового впровадження комплексу енергозберігаючих заходів з використанням моніторингової системи для контролю ефективності та перевірки на доцільність їх поглиблення. In the article research of potential of energy-savings is conducted in housing and communal services of Ukraine. Reasons of low efficiency of heating networks are certain. The algorithm of gradual introduction of complex of energykeeping measures is offered with the use of the monitoring system for control of efficiency and checking for expediency of their improving.

Наведено результати енергетичного аудиту об’єктів бюджетної сфери, виявлено наявність «перепалів» та «недопалів» в системі централізованого теплопостачання. Розроблено автоматизовану систему керування температурним режимом в приміщеннях об’єктів. The presented results of the energy audit revealed the presence of "surplus heat" and "insufficient heat" in the district heating system. Working-out automated system temperature regime in building.

В статті розглянута проблема переходу від традиційних систем енергопостачання, що базуються на використанні переважно невідновлюваних джерел енергії, до комплексних систем з відновлюваними джерелами енергії, а також шляхи удосконалення останніх. In the article is regarded the problem of passage from the traditional systems of energysupply, wich are based on unresumption energy sources, to the resumption ones. The ways of improvement of the systems are outlined.

В статье рассмотрены проблемы устойчивого функционирования строительного предприятия в условиях экономического кризиса, разработки механизма обеспечения необходимого уровня его экономической устойчивости деятельности, а также определены направления его повышения в условиях рыночной экономики., The problems of sustainable functioning of a construction enterprise under the conditions of economic crisis are examined in the article. Creation of a mechanism providing a certain level of economic stability is discussed. The ways of its increase under the conditions of market economy are also defined.

В статті запропоновано новий підхід до вирішення проблеми підвищення якості електричної енергії, який полягає у застосуванні математичного апарату векторної (багатокритеріальної) оптимізації для пофазного управління безконтактним пристроєм РПН силового трансформатора. Даний підхід дозволяє одночасно зменшувати рівень відхилення та несиметрії напруги. Отримано аналітичні вирази для визначення координат утопічної точки а також запропоновано метод звуження множини парето- оптимальних розв’язків з урахуванням пріоритетності критеріїв управління. The article offers a new approach to solving the problem of power quality enhancement which lies in the application of mathematical apparatus of multicriteria optimization for phase control of non-contact on-load tap changer for power transformer. The given approach allows reducing the level of non-symmetrical voltage and voltage deviation. Analytic expressions for the determination of utopia point position are received. The method of narrowing the range of Pareto-optimal set solutions taking into account the priority of criteria is offered.

The solvent extraction of Ni was investigated from sulphate solutions using bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (HR), the active component of Cyanex 301, in nonane in the absence and presence of modifying agents including trioctylamine (TOA), trialkylamine (TAA), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPHO, Cyanex 923), trialkylphosphineoxide (TAPHO), tributylphosphate (TBPH) and n-octanol. The effect of the modifiers on the extraction rate decreased in the order TAA, TOPHO/TAPHO, TBPH and octanol, which correlated with a decrease in the activity of HR in the presence of these reagents. Optimum results were obtained using HR and TAA and extraction of Ni from the organic phase was achieved using dilute sulphuric acid., The solvent extraction of Ni was investigated from sulphate solutions using bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (HR), the active component of Cyanex 301, in nonane in the absence and presence of modifying agents including trioctylamine (TOA), trialkylamine (TAA), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPHO, Cyanex 923), trialkylphosphineoxide (TAPHO), tributylphosphate (TBPH) and n-octanol. The effect of the modifiers on the extraction rate decreased in the order TAA, TOPHO/TAPHO, TBPH and octanol, which correlated with a decrease in the activity of HR in the presence of these reagents. Optimum results were obtained using HR and TAA and extraction of Ni from the organic phase was achieved using dilute sulphuric acid.

В работе рассмотрены основы построения динамической модели устойчивости строительного предприятия, представлены нормативные требования, обеспечивающие экономическую устойчивость, а также нормативные соотношения динамики показателей, соответствующие этим требованиям. Представлена методика обеспечения экономической устойчивости на примере строительного предприятия ЗАО «Берёзовское строительное управление» с учётом результатов его работы в 2005-2006 гг. Определены пути обеспечения экономической устойчивости, выявлены резервы предприятия по росту эффективности его деятельности., The construction bases of dynamic model of building enterprise stability are examined. Normative requirements, providing economic stability, and also normative correlations of dynamic s indexes corresponding to these requirements are submitted. method of economic stability providing based on the example of building enterprise PLC Berezovskoe building management is given, taking into account the results of its performance (2005-2006) . The ways of economic stability providing are identified, backlogs of enterprise according to efficiency growth of its performance are presented.

Internal environmental factors influencing the economic stability of building enterprises are analyzed and classified. In Ekaterinburg the problems arising at building enterprises are concretized. With the help regressive - correlation analysis the degree influence of different factors on productive is measured. The measure of narrowness of correlations (statistical) connection and the role of studied factors in general measurement of a productive indications is established., В работе анализируются и классифицируются факторы внутренней среды, влияющие на экономическую устойчивость строительных предприятий. Конкретизированы проблемы, возникающие на строительных предприятиях г. Екатеринбурга. С помощью регрессивно-корреляционного анализа измерена степень влияния факторных признаков на результативные. Установлена мера тесноты корреляционной (статистической) связи и роль изучаемых факторов в общем измерении результативного признака.

The set of factors of economic stability estimation of building enterprise in particular the regress equation by Edvard I. Altman are given. The standard approach to an estimation of economic stability when the functioning of enterprise is defined as the consecutive circuit of its conditions in time is presented. The operating enterprise model as boundary points of target areas and allowable trajectories of system functioning are classified., В работе приводится ряд критериев оценки экономической устойчивости строительного предприятия, в частности, уравнение регрессии Эдварда И. Альтмана. Рассматривается общепринятый подход к оценке экономической устойчивости, при котором функционирование предприятия определяется как последовательная схема его состояний во времени. Анализируется динамика устойчивости производственной системы. Классифицируются режимы работы предприятия как граничные точки областей целевых и допустимых траекторий функционирования системы.

Hydrobiological prognosis basically reduces to weighting two factors accompanying outflow control: (1) blooming and overgrowth of a reservoir, depending on the growth possibilities of plant plankton or phytoplankton (trophicity of a reservoir) and (2) water quality viewed from the standpoint of possible growth of animal plankton (zooplankton) of various species typical of water of given quality (saprobicity of a reservoir)., Trans. of Gidrokhimicheskiye. Materialy (USSR) v19 p99-102 1951.

Cyanex 301 is an extractant of considerable interest, being capable of extracting different metals, such as Ni, Co and Zn, over a wide activity range from both sulphate and chloride solutions. An IR spectroscopic method was used to examine the state of nonane- and toluene-diluted bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (HR), the active component of Cyanex 301, in the concentration range of 0.025-1.0 M. It was found that in contrast to the relatively inert solvent nonane, in which marked self-association of the dithiophosphinic acid by intermolecular hydrogen bonding begins at a concentration of around 0.1 M, in the aromatic diluent toluene this process begins only at acid concentrations greater than 0.4 M because hydrogen bonding with electrons in toluene's aromatic ring interferes with the self-association of the organic acid., Cyanex 301 is an extractant of considerable interest, being capable of extracting different metals, such as Ni, Co and Zn, over a wide activity range from both sulphate and chloride solutions. An IR spectroscopic method was used to examine the state of nonane- and toluene-diluted bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (HR), the active component of Cyanex 301, in the concentration range of 0.025-1.0 M. It was found that in contrast to the relatively inert solvent nonane, in which marked self-association of the dithiophosphinic acid by intermolecular hydrogen bonding begins at a concentration of around 0.1 M, in the aromatic diluent toluene this process begins only at acid concentrations greater than 0.4 M because hydrogen bonding with electrons in toluene's aromatic ring interferes with the self-association of the organic acid.

The use is discussed of Cyanex 301 as an extractant in hydrometallurgy, and an investigation is described into the extraction of Ni(Il) from sulphate solutions with nonane-diluted bis(2,4,4- trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (HR) obtained by refining a sample of commercial Cyanex 301. Preliminary IR spectroscopy results showed that HR in nonane exists as a monomer up to a concentration of 0.1 M, and at higher concentrations the acid forms associated species. The concentration of the monomeric form was determined as a function of the total HR concentration in nonane in the range 0.0-1.0 M. Comparative analysis of the extraction equilibrium data, together with visible and IR absorption spectra of the Ni extract, showed that the configuration of the Ni(Il) complex in the organic phase was a low-spin, square-planar complex. The composition of the complex corresponded to the formula NiR2. The complex was hydrated, with the water probably being bonded in the outer coordination sphere., The use is discussed of Cyanex 301 as an extractant in hydrometallurgy, and an investigation is described into the extraction of Ni(Il) from sulphate solutions with nonane-diluted bis(2,4,4- trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (HR) obtained by refining a sample of commercial Cyanex 301. Preliminary IR spectroscopy results showed that HR in nonane exists as a monomer up to a concentration of 0.1 M, and at higher concentrations the acid forms associated species. The concentration of the monomeric form was determined as a function of the total HR concentration in nonane in the range 0.0-1.0 M. Comparative analysis of the extraction equilibrium data, together with visible and IR absorption spectra of the Ni extract, showed that the configuration of the Ni(Il) complex in the organic phase was a low-spin, square-planar complex. The composition of the complex corresponded to the formula NiR2. The complex was hydrated, with the water probably being bonded in the outer coordination sphere.

The sorption of Re was studied from spent catalyst leaching solutions using different weak basic ion-exchangers (Purolite A105, A43, A830, A835, A170, VP-14P and VP-14KR). The results showed that Purolite A170 has excellent sorption capacity and kinetic properties, with almost complete Re desorption being achieved in ammonium hydroxide solutions., The sorption of Re was studied from spent catalyst leaching solutions using different weak basic ion-exchangers (Purolite A105, A43, A830, A835, A170, VP-14P and VP-14KR). The results showed that Purolite A170 has excellent sorption capacity and kinetic properties, with almost complete Re desorption being achieved in ammonium hydroxide solutions.

Au losses were investigated during the pressure oxidation of refractory Au concentrates produced from the Malomyr deposit in Russia. The losses were associated with the presence of carbonaceous material in the concentrate and the chloride ion concentration in the pressure oxidation solution, and this was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. Controlled partial oxidation of sulphides eliminated significant Au losses and Au recoveries increased by 10% or more. Addition of carbonates to the feed slurry was used to control the acidity of the slurry and to reduce the acidity of the pressure oxidation solution, resulting in higher Au recoveries even at low chloride ion concentrations. The results were confirmed in pilot-scale tests., Au losses were investigated during the pressure oxidation of refractory Au concentrates produced from the Malomyr deposit in Russia. The losses were associated with the presence of carbonaceous material in the concentrate and the chloride ion concentration in the pressure oxidation solution, and this was confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. Controlled partial oxidation of sulphides eliminated significant Au losses and Au recoveries increased by 10% or more. Addition of carbonates to the feed slurry was used to control the acidity of the slurry and to reduce the acidity of the pressure oxidation solution, resulting in higher Au recoveries even at low chloride ion concentrations. The results were confirmed in pilot-scale tests.

The solvent extraction of Ni and Co from sulphate solutions simulating the partially neutralised liquors from the leaching of oxidised Ni ores was investigated using mixtures of 0.4 M CYANEX 301 (HR) and 0.4-0.5 M of the C7-C9 fraction of a trialkylamine, R’3N. Efficient extraction and separation of Co and Ni were obtained at pH values in the range 6.2-6.5. A stable adduct is formed between Co and Ni and (R’3NH(+)R(-) allowing Co and Ni to be stoichiometrically stripped with 1.0-2.0 M H2SO4 to produce a solution containing more than 100 g/l of total Co and Ni. The Ni strip liquors contained only a small amount of free acid after purification from Co and can be further processed using conventional methods., The solvent extraction of Ni and Co from sulphate solutions simulating the partially neutralised liquors from the leaching of oxidised Ni ores was investigated using mixtures of 0.4 M CYANEX 301 (HR) and 0.4-0.5 M of the C7-C9 fraction of a trialkylamine, R’3N. Efficient extraction and separation of Co and Ni were obtained at pH values in the range 6.2-6.5. A stable adduct is formed between Co and Ni and (R’3NH(+)R(-) allowing Co and Ni to be stoichiometrically stripped with 1.0-2.0 M H2SO4 to produce a solution containing more than 100 g/l of total Co and Ni. The Ni strip liquors contained only a small amount of free acid after purification from Co and can be further processed using conventional methods.

The energy consumption was analysed of the processes involved in the treatment of scheelite concentrates containing 40 wt% WO3 by autoclave leaching with sodium carbonate and process water recycling, followed by W recovery using basic ion exchange resins. The theoretical minimum energy consumption was calculated taking into account the material flows in order to calculate the optimum process parameters. The results showed that 50%-60% of the energy was used in the separation and water recycling processes, with the balance being employed for solution and slurry heating during various stages of the process. A reduction in energy consumption was achieved by using weak-base rather than strong-base ion exchange resins., The energy consumption was analysed of the processes involved in the treatment of scheelite concentrates containing 40 wt% WO3 by autoclave leaching with sodium carbonate and process water recycling, followed by W recovery using basic ion exchange resins. The theoretical minimum energy consumption was calculated taking into account the material flows in order to calculate the optimum process parameters. The results showed that 50%-60% of the energy was used in the separation and water recycling processes, with the balance being employed for solution and slurry heating during various stages of the process. A reduction in energy consumption was achieved by using weak-base rather than strong-base ion exchange resins.

The chemical processes are discussed which are involved in the autoclave treatment of carbon-containing gold refractory ore, with reference to the increasing industrial application of the process. It is suggested that deeper research is required into the chemical transformation of gold and coal during autoclave oxidation., The chemical processes are discussed which are involved in the autoclave treatment of carbon-containing gold refractory ore, with reference to the increasing industrial application of the process. It is suggested that deeper research is required into the chemical transformation of gold and coal during autoclave oxidation.