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Plastics pollution has become one of the greatest concerns of the 21st century. To date, around 10 billion tons of plastics have been produced almost exclusively from non-renewable sources, and of these, <10% have been recycled. The majority of discarded plastic waste (>70%) is accumulating in landfills or the environment, causing severe impacts to natural ecosystems and human health. Considering how plastics are present in every aspect of our daily lives, it is evident that a transition towards a Circular Economy of plastics is essential to achieve several of the Sustainable Development Goals. In this editorial, we highlight how microbial biotechnology can contribute to this shift, with a special focus on the biological recycling of conventional plastics and the upcycling of plastic-waste feedstocks into new value-added products. Although important hurdles will need to be overcome in this endeavour, recent success stories highlight how interdisciplinary approaches can bring us closer to a bio-based economy for the sustainable management of plastics.

Context. The ESO public survey VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) surveyed the inner Galactic bulge and the adjacent southern Galactic disk from 2009−2015. Upon its conclusion, the complementary VVV eXtended (VVVX) survey has expanded both the temporal as well as spatial coverage of the original VVV area, widening it from 562 to 1700 sq. deg., as well as providing additional epochs in JHKs filters from 2016−2023. Aims. With the completion of VVVX observations during the first semester of 2023, we present here the observing strategy, a description of data quality and access, and the legacy of VVVX. Methods. VVVX took ∼ 2000 hours, covering about 4% of the sky in the bulge and southern disk. VVVX covered most of the gaps left between the VVV and the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) areas and extended the VVV time baseline in the obscured regions affected by high extinction and hence hidden from optical observations. Results. VVVX provides a deep JHKs catalogue of & 1.5 × 109 point sources, as well as a Ks band catalogue of ∼ 107 variable sources. Within the existing VVV area, we produced a 5D map of the surveyed region by combining positions, distances, and proper motions of well-understood distance indicators such as red clump stars, RR Lyrae, and Cepheid variables. Conclusions. In March 2023 we successfully finished the VVVX survey observations that started in 2016, an accomplishment for ESO Paranal Observatory upon 4200 hours of observations for VVV+VVVX. The VVV+VVVX catalogues complement those from the Gaia mission at low Galactic latitudes and provide spectroscopic targets for the forthcoming ESO high-multiplex spectrographs MOONS and 4MOST.

In this article direct and indirect spatial effects are estimated for both industrial variety and interaction potential over firm creation in the Valle de México city-region, from 2010 to 2019. Estimation of these effects in previous studies reveals mixed impacts, with different implications about the variety–firm creation relationship. These effects are computed using spatial econometric models, defining variety as related or between industry groups, and unrelated or between manufacturing sectors. Results suggest a larger impact of related variety, with subdued positive unrelated variety effects towards related variety. Effects reveal different interregional industrial development paths., En este artículo se estiman efectos espaciales directos e indirectos de la variedad y potencial de interacción industriales sobre la creación de empresas en la ciudad-región del Valle de México, de 2010 a 2019. La estimación de estos efectos ha revelado impactos mixtos, con distintas implicaciones sobre la relación variedad–creación de empresas. Los efectos se estiman a partir de modelos econométricos espaciales, definiendo a la variedad como relacionada o entre ramas manufactureras, y no relacionada o entre sectores manufactureros. Los resultados sugieren mayor impacto de la variedad relacionada, con efectos positivos por variedad o relacionada supeditados a ésta. Los efectos revelan distintas trayectorias industriales interregionales.

Background Abrocitinib, a selective JAK 1 inhibitor, was recently approved in Europe. Despite its approval, real-world data on its efficacy and safety in treating moderate to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) remains limited. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effectiveness and safety of abrocitinib in a real-life setting for patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD who started abrocitinib treatment between May 1, 2023, and September 30, 2023, in 15 Spanish hospitals. Treatment doses were 100 or 200 mg daily, based on clinical assessment. Data collection included patient demographics, AD history, comorbidities, previous treatments, and disease severity indicators such as SCORing atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), body surface area, and Peak Pruritus NRS scores at baseline, 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Quality of life was measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), and safety was assessed by monitoring adverse reactions and various biochemical parameters. Results The cohort comprised 76 patients with an average age of 33.93 years; 57.89% were male. Before abrocitinib, 36.84% were na€ıve to advanced therapies. The baseline mean scores were SCORAD 47.04, EASI 21.79, and DLQI 15.01. At Week 24, there were significant improvements: EASI was reduced to 2.81, and 70.58% of the patients achieved EASI 75. However, 18.42% discontinued treatment mainly due to inefficacy or adverse effects. The safety profile was favorable, with 22.37% reporting mild adverse events (AEs) and one serious case of cutaneous lymphoma. Conclusions This first Spanish series assessing abrocitinib in real-world conditions reveals a significant improvement in AD symptoms and quality of life in a range of severity and prior treatment failures. Abrocitinib was well-tolerated, with few serious AEs, highlighting its potential as an effective treatment o

Atopic Dermatitis® (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching and highly visible signs, representing a great burden to the patient. Despite its straightforward diagnosis, AD severity and burden can be underestimated in routine clinical practice. This review aims to determine the impact of AD on patients' lives, establish which domains of life are most affected, and identify symptom drivers of AD burden. A systematic literature review was conducted in Pubmed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus following Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations. Observational studies published in English or Spanish between January 1, 2018, and August 31, 2022, evaluating the impact of AD and its symptoms from the patient's perspective, were included. Reviewed studies were assessed for quality following the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology Checklist. A total of 28 observational studies evaluating the impact of AD and its symptoms from the patient's perspective were included in the review. All domains of the AD patient's life were found to be greatly affected, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), emotional health, sleep disorders, work impairment, health care resource utilization, cognitive function, and development of comorbidities. The more severe the disease, the greater the impact, worsening in patients with moderate and severe AD. Pruritus and pain are reported to be the disease symptoms with the greatest impact. In conclusion, AD impacts several domains of patients' lives, especially HRQoL and mental health. Pruritus and pain are identified as the main drivers of AD impact, suggesting that optimal symptom control may reduce the burden and improve disease management.

Background: Lipoid proteinosis (LP), also known as Urbach-Wiethe disease, is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis, caused by mutations in the ECM1 gene. This results in the deposition of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, hyaline-like material on the skin, mucosae and internal organs. Objectives: To present a case report of LP and a systematic review to synthesize the scientific literature on the management of this uncommon and frequently missed diagnosis. Methods: We present a case report of a 48-year-old man with LP who exhibited significant improvement after oral acitretin therapy. To address the lack of large case-control studies on LP treatment, we performed a systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA 2020 criteria. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane and Scopus databases from inception until June 2023. To assess the methodological quality of case reports and case series, we used the Joanna Briggs Collaboration critical appraisal tool. Results: We included 25 studies that met eligibility criteria. Data from 44 patients with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis were analysed. Treatment ranged from systemic therapies (acitretin, etretinate, dimethyl sulfoxide, corticosteroids, penicillamine) to surgical or laser procedures. Regarding methodological quality, the main discrepancies arose in the reporting of participant characteristics and treatment interventions. Conclusions: Low-dose oral acitretin could have potential in managing LP, exhibiting fewer side-effects compared with other therapeutic agents. Further research is needed to establish more comprehensive and evidence-based treatment guidelines.

Background Disability is frequently associated with contextual or lifestyle factors. Some health conditions may affect the prevalence of disability differently, especially for some minority groups. This study aims to assess the impact and contribution of different health conditions to disability burden in Spain in Roma and immigrant populations, compared to the general population. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. We have used data from the Spanish National Survey of 2017 and the National Health Survey of the Roma Population 2014. We have calculated frequencies of demographic variables and prevalence of health conditions grouped by body function. We also have fitted binomial additive hazard models, using the attribution method, to assess disabling impact and contribution of health conditions to disability burden. The software R was used for the computations. Results Roma and immigrant populations had worse socioeconomic status than the general population, although the gap was more heavily marked among Roma. Roma population showed a higher prevalence in all health conditions, with a disability prevalence of 57.90%, contrary to the immigrant population, that showed a lower prevalence in all health conditions, including disability (30.79%), than the general population (40.00%). However, all health conditions were more disabling in the immigrant population. Neurological and cardiovascular diseases, and accidents among Roma, were the most disabling conditions. Nevertheless, musculoskeletal, chronic pain, and sensory diseases among Roma, had a greater contribution to disability burden, mainly due to a combination of a great prevalence and a great impact in functions of those health conditions. Conclusion Both ethnicity and migrant status have shown differences in the burden of disability. While in the general population, musculoskeletal problems have the greatest contribution to the disability burden, in immigrants it was chronic pain and in the Roma population it

Context. The ESO public survey VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) surveyed the inner Galactic bulge and the adjacent southern Galactic disk from 2009−2015. Upon its conclusion, the complementary VVV eXtended (VVVX) survey has expanded both the temporal as well as spatial coverage of the original VVV area, widening it from 562 to 1700 sq. deg., as well as providing additional epochs in JHKs filters from 2016−2023. Aims. With the completion of VVVX observations during the first semester of 2023, we present here the observing strategy, a description of data quality and access, and the legacy of VVVX. Methods. VVVX took ∼ 2000 hours, covering about 4% of the sky in the bulge and southern disk. VVVX covered most of the gaps left between the VVV and the VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS) areas and extended the VVV time baseline in the obscured regions affected by high extinction and hence hidden from optical observations. Results. VVVX provides a deep JHKs catalogue of & 1.5 × 109 point sources, as well as a Ks band catalogue of ∼ 107 variable sources. Within the existing VVV area, we produced a 5D map of the surveyed region by combining positions, distances, and proper motions of well-understood distance indicators such as red clump stars, RR Lyrae, and Cepheid variables. Conclusions. In March 2023 we successfully finished the VVVX survey observations that started in 2016, an accomplishment for ESO Paranal Observatory upon 4200 hours of observations for VVV+VVVX. The VVV+VVVX catalogues complement those from the Gaia mission at low Galactic latitudes and provide spectroscopic targets for the forthcoming ESO high-multiplex spectrographs MOONS and 4MOST.

[ES] La propuesta consiste en una video-instalación a base de máscaras hechas a partir de mi propio rostro. Pretendo abordar de manera introspectiva mi experiencia con la disociación y la complejidad de la identidad. La utilización de máscaras de escayola pretende visualizar la desconexión entre mente y cuerpo, fenómeno que se caracteriza por una sensación subjetiva de incertidumbre y conflicto sobre la propia identidad. Por otro lado también una sensación de atrapamiento y angustia sintiendo nuestro propio cuerpo como una jaula. Un video-montaje documentará el proceso de creación de estas máscaras, siendo una metáfora de la rutina diaria en la que me enfrento a la constante interrogante de quién soy qué identidad adoptar y cómo conciliar mi identidad con las expectativas sociales. Las repetitivas preguntas de "¿Quién soy hoy? ¿Quién quieren que sea? ¿Quién quiero ser?" reflejan la lucha interna constante y el cuestionamiento continuo de mi propia identidad. La incapacidad de ofrecer una respuesta "normal" a los estímulos sociales puede intensificar la sensación de alienación y miedo. La multiplicidad de máscaras busca resaltar la diversidad de identidades posibles, desafiando así la noción estática de la identidad personal. La instalación invita a reflexionar sobre la autenticidad y cómo las dinámicas sociales influyen en la construcción de la identidad, ofreciendo una oportunidad para la contemplación profunda de la complejidad intrínseca a la experiencia humana., [EN] The proposal involves a video installation based on masks crafted from my own face. I aim to introspectively address my experience with dissociation and the complexity of identity. The use of plaster masks seeks to visualize the disconnection between mind and body, characterized by a subjective sense of uncertainty and conflict about one's own identity, as well as a feeling of entrapment and distress, perceiving one's own body as a cage. A video montage will document the process of creating these masks, serving as a metaphor for the daily routine in which I grapple with the constant question of who I am, what identity to adopt, and how to reconcile my authenticity with social expectations. The recurring question of "Who am I today? Who they want me to be? Who I want to be?" reflects the ongoing internal struggle and continuous questioning of my own identity. The inability to provide a "normal" response to social stimuli can exacerbate feelings of alienation and fear. The multitude of masks aims to emphasize the diversity of possible identities, challenging the static notion of personal identity. The installation encourages reflection on authenticity and how social dynamics influence identity construction, providing an opportunity for deep contemplation of the inherent complexity of the human experience.

[ES] La propuesta consiste en una video-instalación a base de máscaras hechas a partir de mi propio rostro. Pretendo abordar de manera introspectiva mi experiencia con la disociación y la complejidad de la identidad. La utilización de máscaras de escayola pretende visualizar la desconexión entre mente y cuerpo, fenómeno que se caracteriza por una sensación subjetiva de incertidumbre y conflicto sobre la propia identidad. Por otro lado también una sensación de atrapamiento y angustia sintiendo nuestro propio cuerpo como una jaula. Un video-montaje documentará el proceso de creación de estas máscaras, siendo una metáfora de la rutina diaria en la que me enfrento a la constante interrogante de quién soy qué identidad adoptar y cómo conciliar mi identidad con las expectativas sociales. Las repetitivas preguntas de "¿Quién soy hoy? ¿Quién quieren que sea? ¿Quién quiero ser?" reflejan la lucha interna constante y el cuestionamiento continuo de mi propia identidad. La incapacidad de ofrecer una respuesta "normal" a los estímulos sociales puede intensificar la sensación de alienación y miedo. La multiplicidad de máscaras busca resaltar la diversidad de identidades posibles, desafiando así la noción estática de la identidad personal. La instalación invita a reflexionar sobre la autenticidad y cómo las dinámicas sociales influyen en la construcción de la identidad, ofreciendo una oportunidad para la contemplación profunda de la complejidad intrínseca a la experiencia humana., [EN] The proposal involves a video installation based on masks crafted from my own face. I aim to introspectively address my experience with dissociation and the complexity of identity. The use of plaster masks seeks to visualize the disconnection between mind and body, characterized by a subjective sense of uncertainty and conflict about one's own identity, as well as a feeling of entrapment and distress, perceiving one's own body as a cage. A video montage will document the process of creating these masks, serving as a metaphor for the daily routine in which I grapple with the constant question of who I am, what identity to adopt, and how to reconcile my authenticity with social expectations. The recurring question of "Who am I today? Who they want me to be? Who I want to be?" reflects the ongoing internal struggle and continuous questioning of my own identity. The inability to provide a "normal" response to social stimuli can exacerbate feelings of alienation and fear. The multitude of masks aims to emphasize the diversity of possible identities, challenging the static notion of personal identity. The installation encourages reflection on authenticity and how social dynamics influence identity construction, providing an opportunity for deep contemplation of the inherent complexity of the human experience.

Melanoma is considered a global public health challenge and is responsible for more than 90% deaths related to skin cancer. Although the diagnosis of early melanoma is the main goal of dermoscopy, the dis crimination between dermoscopic images of in situ and invasive melanomas can be a difficult task even for expe rienced dermatologists. Recent advances in artificial intel ligence in the field of medical image analysis show that its application to dermoscopy with the aim of supporting and providing a second opinion to the medical expert could be of great interest. In this work, four datasets from different sources were used to train and evaluate deep learning models on in situ versus invasive melanoma classification and on Breslow thickness prediction. Supervised learning and semi-supervised learning using a multi-teacher ensem ble knowledge distillation approach were considered and evaluated using a stratified 5-fold cross-validation scheme. The best models achieved AUCs of 0.8085±0.0242 and of 0.8232±0.0666 on the former and latter classification tasks, respectively. The best results were obtained using semi supervised learning, with the best model achieving 0.8547 and 0.8768 AUC, respectively. An external test set was also evaluated, where semi-supervision achieved higher performance in all the classification tasks. The results ob tained show that semi-supervised learning could improve the performance of trained models in different melanoma classification tasks compared to supervised learning. Au tomatic deep learning-based diagnosis systems could sup port medical professionals in their decision, serving as a second opinion or as a triage tool for medical centers.

Background: Testicular cancer, primarily affecting young men, has seen an alarming rise globally. This study delves into incidence and mortality trends in Spain from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database and the Age-Period-Cohort (A-P-C) model. Methods: We analyzed GBD data on testicular cancer cases and deaths in Spain, calculating age-standardized rates (ASIR and ASMR) and employing Joinpoint regression to identify significant shifts. The A-P-C model further dissected the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on these trends. Results: A striking doubling in testicular cancer incidence was observed, from 3.09 to 5.40 per 100,000 men (1.9% annual increase), while mortality rates remained stable and even decreased in younger age groups (0.34 to 0.26 per 100,000, 0.8% annual decrease). Joinpoint analysis revealed four distinct periods of increasing incidence, with a recent slowdown. The A-P-C model highlighted a consistent rise in incidence risk with each successive generation born after 1935, contrasting with a progressive decline in mortality risk across cohorts, particularly marked for those born since the 1960s. Conclusion: While mortality rates are encouraging, Spain reflects the global trend of escalating testicular cancer incidence. The A-P-C analysis suggests a generational influence, but the underlying causes remain elusive. Further research is crucial to understand these trends and implement effective prevention strategies to combat this growing health concern., Objetivo: Actualizar la información sobre la incidencia y mortalidad por cáncer testicular en Espa˜na entre 1990 y 2019. Métodos: Se analizaron datos del Global Burden of Disease (GBD) para calcular las tasas de inci- dencia y mortalidad estandarizadas por edad (TIEE y TMEE). Se utilizaron la regresión Joinpoint y el modelo Edad-Periodo-Cohorte (E-P-C) para analizar las tendencias y los efectos de la edad, el periodo y la cohorte de nacimiento. Resultados: Se observó una sorprendente duplicación de la incidencia de cáncer testicular, de 3,09 a 5,40 por 100.000 hombres (aumento anual del 1,9%), mientras que las tasas de mortalidad se mantuvieron estables e incluso disminuyeron en los grupos de edad más jóvenes (de 0,34 a 0,26 por 100.000, disminución anual del 0,8%). El análisis Joinpoint reveló cuatro periodos distintos de aumento de la incidencia, con una ralentización reciente. El modelo E-P-C puso de manifiesto un aumento constante del riesgo de incidencia con cada generación sucesiva nacida después de 1935, que contrasta con un descenso progresivo del riesgo de mortalidad en todas las cohortes, especialmente marcado para los nacidos a partir de los a˜nos sesenta. Conclusiones: La incidencia del cáncer testicular aumenta en Espa˜na, mientras que la mortal- idad se mantiene estable o incluso disminuye. Existe un efecto generacional en la incidencia, con mayor riesgo para las generaciones más jóvenes. Se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender las causas del aumento de la incidencia y desarrollar estrategias de prevención.

Aim: This study aims to elucidate the factors driving melanoma incidence trends in Spain by analyzing the GBD-2019 dataset (1990–2019) and investigating the age-specific, birth cohort, and period effects on incidence rates. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed melanoma incidence trends in Spain from 1990 to 2019 using an ecological design. Data were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and Spain’s National Statistics Institute. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis, and age–period–cohort (A-P-C) modeling was employed to assess the effects of age, time period, and birth cohort on incidence rates. Results: Between 1990 and 2019, an estimated 147,823 melanoma cases were diagnosed in Spain. The ASIRs showed a steady increase for both sexes, with slightly higher rates observed in men. Both men (average annual percentage change (AAPC): 2.8%) and women (AAPC: 2.4%) showed a steady increase in the ASIR over the period. Joinpoint analysis revealed distinct periods of incidence rate changes, with significant upward trends in earlier years followed by stabilization in recent years. Incidence rates increased steadily with age, with the highest rates in the 80–84 age group. Women tended to have slightly higher rates in younger age groups, while men had higher rates in older age groups. Both men and women experienced a steady increase in relative risk of melanoma throughout the 30-year study period, with significant upward trends across birth cohorts. Conclusions: Despite limitations, this study provides valuable insights into factors influencing melanoma incidence in Spain. By understanding age, period, and cohort effects, effective prevention strategies can be developed to reduce melanoma incidence.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent one of the most promising emerging photovoltaic technologies due to their high power conversion efficiency. However, despite the huge progress made not only in terms of the efficiency achieved, but also fundamental understanding of the relevant physics of the devices and issues which affect their efficiency and stability, there are still unresolved problems and obstacles on the path toward commercialization of this promising technology. In this roadmap, we aim to provide a concise and up to date summary of outstanding issues and challenges, and the progress made toward addressing these issues. While the format of this article is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the topic, it provides a collection of the viewpoints of the experts in the field, which covers a broad range of topics related to PSC commercialization, including those relevant for manufacturing (scaling up, different types of devices), operation and stability (various factors), and environmental issues (in particular the use of lead). We hope that the article will provide a useful resource for researchers in the field and that it will facilitate discussions and move forward toward addressing the outstanding challenges in this fast-developing field.

AA classic trade-off that school districts face when deciding which matching algorithm to use is that it is not possible to always respect both priorities and preferences. The student-proposing deferred acceptance algorithm (DA) respects priorities but can lead to inefficient allocations. We identify a new condition on school choice markets under which DA is efficient. Our condition generalizes earlier conditions by placing restrictions on how preferences and priorities relate to one another only on the parts that are relevant for the assignment. Whenever there is a unique allocation that respects priorities, our condition captures all the environments for which DA is efficient. We show through stylized examples and simulations that our condition significantly expands the range of known environments for which DA is efficient. We also discuss how our condition sheds light on existing empirical findings., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This research study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the barangay justicesystem upon Katarungang Pambarangay that consisted of mediation, conciliation, andarbitration conducted by the Lupon members at the barangay level for the purpose ofamicable settling disputes through mediation, conciliation, or arbitration among the family orany other private citizens reside in such barangay without resorting to the trial courts, withoutjudicial powers to exercise as part of the local government unit, and to determine if it helps thecommunity, as well as complainant against respondents in enhancing dispute resolutionrather than going to court to file the case that primarily causes congestion of court trialsresulting in poor administration of justice. The effectiveness of implementing the barangayjustice system was proved by the researchers by using a variety of instruments to gather thedata needed and using it on the population of respondents consisting of Lupon members andresidents. The results showed that the barangay justice system was effectively managed anddisseminated throughout the barangay of Batasan Hills based on the respondents’ feedbackand information they had been provided, which was interpreted as strongly agree. However,there were recommendations for improving the barangay justice system, such as providingproper training and resources, ensuring transparency and accountability, increasing publicawareness and participation, strengthening the enforcement, promoting collaborationbetween the other Barangay Justice Systems, and many others. It was shown that the respondents gave their answers with relevant, accurate, and reliabledata throughout the process of purposive sampling, with a total number of thirty (30)respondents that were selected to participate in this study. The data gathered were analyzedthrough the use of percentage distribution, weighted mean, and ranking.

Filipinos typically enjoy sipping on refreshing drinks like samalamig and buko juice. However,recently, a new product was developed. Milk tea has become popular in the Philippines. Thisbusiness created distinctively designed drinks to encourage consumers to share pictures oftheir drinks on social media. The popularity of milk tea quickly went viral and attracted a lot ofattention. This study was to evaluate the factors that contribute to the business's success. Thegoal of this study is to ascertain how many variables affect how successful a business is. Thestudy also looks into the possibilities that came their way and the difficulties they faced whileoperating their business. This study exposed that the difference was not significant between the assessment ofadministrator and employee group of respondents in the factors that influence the businesssuccess in terms of vision, mission, goals, and objectives; organizational structure; jobdescriptions and policies; and rules and regulations. This was validated by the t-computedvalue of 5.5, which is greater than the t-critical value of 2.712 at a 0.01 level of significance and38 degrees of freedom. Having these compared values, the null hypothesis was rejected. Theresults showed the difficulties experienced by the two groups of respondents, mainlyineffective management, competitors, out-of-scope work, and dishonesty. However, therespondents undertook the following solutions: Collaborate with the employees to increaseefficiency and productivity; Promote the company's product strength; Enhance knowledge andskills; Establish employment agreements and corporate policies. The proposed development plan can be crafted to enhance the level of business success.This includes the key result area on vision, mission, goals, and objectives; organizationalstructure; job descriptions; and policies, rules, and regulations. Furthermore, the researchersproposed recommendations and development plans to help the administrators andemployees

This article presents the results of the second phase of the OLIVA project, which began with the integration of the metadata of the documents in journals indexed in RedALyC and SciELO and on this occasion addresses the integration of the Latindex catalog and the journals indexed in Biblat. The methodology of the study combines two approaches: a) a study on the coverage of Latindex-Biblat by analyzing 271 journals and 36,425 articles published between 2015 and 2020. Descriptive statistics and a particular focus on the journals published in Mexico are carried out to characterize the uniqueness of the journals included in these two indexing services. b) the systematization of a universe of 4,077 journals indexed in Latin America, describing their disciplinary, linguistic, institutional and editorial morphology. OLIVA-2 thus offers information on all the scientific journals indexed in Latin America, which shows the potential these have in a context of growing commercialization of scientific publishing. Eventually, this universe conforms an autonomous academic publication circuit, conducted by non-profit publishing institutions, and a communication space of critical importance in the transition to open science., O objetivo deste trabalho é destacar a relevância dos sistemas de indexação regionais para promover revistas acadêmicas latino-americanas de qualidade, mostrando, ao mesmo tempo, a falta de interoperabilidade e integração entre os diferentes índices, o que tem como efeito a indefinição do corpus de produção publicada e a dificuldade de serem identificados e hierarquizados por sua qualidade editorial. Este estudo apresenta os resultados da segunda etapa do projeto OLIVA, que teve início com a integração dos metadados dos documentos em periódicos indexados na RedALyC e SciELO. Nesta ocasião, aborda-se a integração entre o catálogo de periódicos Latindex e o índice BIBLAT (Classe e Periódico), diferenciando o novo corpus adicionado do anterior. A análise é realizada nas seguintes etapas: primeiro, foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica por meio da qual foram identificados 4.077 periódicos latino-americanos indexados (em maio de 2023) nos índices da Core Collection da Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, RedALyC, Catálogo Latindex 2.0 e Biblat; Posteriormente, comparou-se a cobertura de publicações latino-americanas no Biblat com documentos completos, detectando 271 periódicos e 36.425 artigos entre 2015 e 2020. Sobre esse conjunto de documentos, foram feitas uma série de observações relacionadas às sobreposições com SciELO e Redalyc e os cruzamentos com Catálogo Latindex 2.0. Por fim, aborda-se o caso particular do México, a partir da cobertura das revistas deste país na Biblat e selecionando os títulos incluídos no Catálogo Latindex 2.0, buscando estabelecer uma metodologia para explorar e analisar os dados da produção regional em nível documental. Conclui-se que, através deste tipo de esforço, será possível consolidar e alargar a circulação de um circuito regional de ordem totalmente académica e não comercial, cuja qualidade académica é assegurada por sociedades científicas e editoras de cariz universitário e de domínio público, que oferecem um espaço comunicacional de singu, Este artículo presenta los resultados de la segunda etapa del proyecto OLIVA que comenzó con la integración de los metadatos de documentos en revistas indexadas en RedALyC y SciELO; en esta ocasión, se aborda el catálogo de revistas Latindex y el índice Biblat. La metodología del estudio combina dos enfoques: a) Un estudio de la cobertura de los documentos en Latindex-Biblat, con el cual se analizaron 271 revistas y 36 425 artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2020. Sobre dicho conjunto se presenta una estadística descriptiva y un recorte de las revistas editadas en México para caracterizar la singularidad de las revistas incluidas en estos dos servicios de indexación; b) A partir de estos resultados y de la base de datos construida en la primera etapa de Oliva, se ofrece una sistematización del universo de 4077 revistas indexadas en América Latina, describiendo su morfología disciplinar, lingüística, institucional y editorial. OLIVA-2 brinda, así, información sobre la totalidad de las revistas científicas indexadas en América Latina, lo que evidencia la potencialidad que estas tienen en un contexto de creciente comercialización de la edición científica. Por tratarse de un circuito de publicación académico autónomo, conducido por instituciones editoras sin fines de lucro, se concluye que estas revistas ofrecen un espacio de comunicación de singular importancia en la transición a la ciencia abierta.

La psicología del desarrollo humano es aquella rama de la psicología que se encarga de la forma cambiante de los seres humanos a lo largo de su etapa de crecimiento. Bajo esta premisa, el ser humano ha logrado descubrir y desarrollar el comportamiento que abarca toda nuestra vida desde el momento del nacimiento hacia las posteriores etapas. El desarrollo humano permite abrir esa ventana de comprensión de los procesos y patrones que definen el significado de ser humano. La investigación en esta rama de la psicología, permite el entendimiento de la complejidad y la riqueza de la experiencia humana en todas sus etapas, con esto se ha logrado explorar los caracteres de los procesos mentales, los comportamientos y las relaciones que definen la condición humana a través de métodos científicos rigurosos. Con estos métodos y su influencia en el desarrollo, presentados en el libro, los investigadores brindan las herramientas necesarias para adentrarse en el estudio del ser humano y tomando todos estos comportamientos evidenciados, se puede lograr una enseñanza más adaptada y efectiva que pueda ayudar a desarrollar el potencial de cada estudiante. El análisis de las teorías sobre el desarrollo humano, proporciona un marco conceptual para la exploración la evolución de la infancia a la adultez. Estas teorías demuestran la importancia de la psicología del desarrollo en la educación, ofreciendo a los educadores distintas perspectivas y herramientas esenciales. La creación de estas teorías, elaboradas por distintos pensadores a lo largo del tiempo, examinaron los procesos cognitivos, emocionales, sociales y físicos que afectan la experiencia de crecimiento en una persona.

La psicología del desarrollo humano es aquella rama de la psicología que se encarga de la forma cambiante de los seres humanos a lo largo de su etapa de crecimiento. Bajo esta premisa, el ser humano ha logrado descubrir y desarrollar el comportamiento que abarca toda nuestra vida desde el momento del nacimiento hacia las posteriores etapas. El desarrollo humano permite abrir esa ventana de comprensión de los procesos y patrones que definen el significado de ser humano. La investigación en esta rama de la psicología, permite el entendimiento de la complejidad y la riqueza de la experiencia humana en todas sus etapas, con esto se ha logrado explorar los caracteres de los procesos mentales, los comportamientos y las relaciones que definen la condición humana a través de métodos científicos rigurosos. Con estos métodos y su influencia en el desarrollo, presentados en el libro, los investigadores brindan las herramientas necesarias para adentrarse en el estudio del ser humano y tomando todos estos comportamientos evidenciados, se puede lograr una enseñanza más adaptada y efectiva que pueda ayudar a desarrollar el potencial de cada estudiante. El análisis de las teorías sobre el desarrollo humano, proporciona un marco conceptual para la exploración la evolución de la infancia a la adultez. Estas teorías demuestran la importancia de la psicología del desarrollo en la educación, ofreciendo a los educadores distintas perspectivas y herramientas esenciales. La creación de estas teorías, elaboradas por distintos pensadores a lo largo del tiempo, examinaron los procesos cognitivos, emocionales, sociales y físicos que afectan la experiencia de crecimiento en una persona.

The prediction of a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of curvature and tensor fluctuations is among the main features of cosmic inflation. The current measurements of the primordial fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) provide tight constraints on the amplitude of the scalar and tensor spectra, and the scalar tilt. However, the precise connection between these observables and a given inflationary model, depends on the expansion history between the end of inflation and the beginning of the radiation dominated era, which corresponds to the reheating epoch. This mapping between horizon exit and reentry of fluctuations, parametrized by the number of $e$-folds $N_*$, can therefore be affected by the presence of a transient epoch of non-perturbative particle production during reheating ({\em preheating}). Using a combination of perturbative and lattice computations, we quantify the impact of preheating in a non-equilibrated dark matter sector on the CMB observables, under the assumption of a simultaneous perturbative decay of the inflaton into Standard Model particles. Combined with structure formation constraints, this allows us to impose stringent bounds on the post-inflationary reheating temperature., Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures

Assessing performance in Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly complex. One particular challenge is the potential for evaluation datasets to overlap with training data, either directly or indirectly, which can lead to skewed results and overestimation of model performance. As a consequence, human evaluation is gaining increasing interest as a means to assess the performance and reliability of models. One such method is the red teaming approach, which aims to generate edge cases where a model will produce critical errors. While this methodology is becoming standard practice for generative AI, its application to the realm of conditional AI remains largely unexplored. This paper presents the first study on human-based red teaming for Machine Translation (MT), marking a significant step towards understanding and improving the performance of translation models. We delve into both human-based red teaming and a study on automation, reporting lessons learned and providing recommendations for both translation models and red teaming drills. This pioneering work opens up new avenues for research and development in the field of MT., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2312.05187

Bayesian statistics is a cornerstone of imaging sciences, underpinning many and varied approaches from Markov random fields to score-based denoising diffusion models. In addition to powerful image estimation methods, the Bayesian paradigm also provides a framework for uncertainty quantification and for using image data as quantitative evidence. These probabilistic capabilities are important for the rigorous interpretation of experimental results and for robust interfacing of quantitative imaging pipelines with scientific and decision-making processes. However, are the probabilities delivered by existing Bayesian imaging methods meaningful under replication of an experiment, or are they only meaningful as subjective measures of belief? This paper presents a Monte Carlo method to explore this question. We then leverage the proposed Monte Carlo method and run a large experiment requiring 1,000 GPU-hours to probe the accuracy of five canonical Bayesian imaging methods that are representative of some of the main Bayesian imaging strategies from the past decades (a score-based denoising diffusion technique, a plug-and-play Langevin algorithm utilising a Lipschitz-regularised DnCNN denoiser, a Bayesian method with a dictionary-based prior trained subject to a log-concavity constraint, an empirical Bayesian method with a total-variation prior, and a hierarchical Bayesian Gibbs sampler based on a Gaussian Markov random field model). We find that, a few cases, the probabilities reported by modern Bayesian imaging techniques are in broad agreement with long-term averages as observed over a large number of replication of an experiment, but existing Bayesian imaging methods are generally not able to deliver reliable uncertainty quantification results.

Unsupervised learning is a training approach in the situation where ground truth data is unavailable, such as inverse imaging problems. We present an unsupervised Bayesian training approach to learning convex neural network regularizers using a fixed noisy dataset, based on a dual Markov chain estimation method. Compared to classical supervised adversarial regularization methods, where there is access to both clean images as well as unlimited to noisy copies, we demonstrate close performance on natural image Gaussian deconvolution and Poisson denoising tasks.

While great advances have been made in the field of intermolecular potentials for molecular modeling and material science, the choice in constant energy integration dynamics have been often relegated to the St{\o}rmer-Verlet. In the past 30 years the symplecticity of this method and relatively low local error in initial conditions have made this integrator a hallmark of stability. However, the need to perform N-body particle simulations to reach greater time domains has encouraged practitioners to approach higher timesteps and the stability limit.This article explores implicit classes of adaptive Verlet algorithms for potential use in the two-stage coupled equations of motion. At the heart of these methods are state dependant, time re-scaling functions that offer bounded variable timesteps. There is not many demonstrations of their overall energy conservation for a choice in timestep value, beyond global error demonstrations in discrete time. Presented here is the derived linear stability for arbitrary time transformation functions with the implicit Adaptive Verlet scheme. Considerations for selecting a stable range of timesteps in fulfilling stable harmonic trajectory are also outlined.Lastly we observe evidence that the implicit Adaptive scheme paired with a bounded timestep model may contain a family of solutions that contribute additional spectral elements. Regular modes of spectral peaks shown in our monochromatic system point towards additional solutions in the Hamiltonian system. Before moving towards variable timestep methods we demonstrate the need to develop a transformation functional that meets symmetric criteria outlined by previous authors.

A preregistered meta-analysis, including 244 effect sizes from 85 field audits and 361,645 individual job applications, tested for gender bias in hiring practices in female-stereotypical and gender-balanced as well as male-stereotypical jobs from 1976 to 2020. A “red team” of independent experts was recruited to increase the rigor and robustness of our meta-analytic approach. A forecasting survey further examined whether laypeople (n = 499 nationally representative adults) and scientists (n = 312) could predict the results. Forecasters correctly anticipated reductions in discrimination against female candidates over time. However, both scientists and laypeople overestimated the continuation of bias against female candidates. Instead, selection bias in favor of male over female candidates was eliminated and, if anything, slightly reversed in sign starting in 2009 for mixed-gender and male-stereotypical jobs in our sample. Forecasters further failed to anticipate that discrimination against male candidates for stereotypically female jobs would remain stable across the decades.

This research work has the purpose of seeking the relationship of the energy footprint with the quality of life of the users of multifamily buildings in the district of Santiago de Surco de Lima, through the application of a variety of instruments such as questionnaires, surveys, use of statistical and modeling software to collect data on topics such as the energy consumption of household appliances and lighting, indoor air quality, thermal, lighting and acoustic comfort, which are intended to serve as insights when determining the relationship between the energy footprint with the quality of life of users, which will allow us to formulate strategies that lead us to achieve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. The correlation coefficient was 0.839, and p-value (0.000) so there is a very high significant correlation between the Kg of CO2 and KW variables when using electrical equipment, and for the use of household appliances, in detail, there is a correlation Very Low between the variables of 0.227 and sig= 0.14 for the use of computer equipment, a moderate correlation of 0.542 and Sig=000 in the use of acclimatizers and a Null correlation of 0.094 with Sig=0.171 for the use of artificial light. between the variables Kg of CO2 and KW. It is concluded that there is a relationship between the energy footprint and the quality of life of the users of multifamily buildings in the district of Santiago de Surco de Lima., Este trabajo de investigación tiene la finalidad de buscar la relación de la huella energética con la calidad de vida en usuarios de edificaciones multifamiliares del distrito de Santiago de Surco de Lima, mediante la aplicación de una variedad de instrumentos como cuestionarios, encuestas, uso de softwares estadísticos y de modelamiento para recopilar datos de temas, como el consumo de energía de electrodomésticos y luminarias, la calidad del aire interior , el confort térmico, lumínico y acústico, los que pretenden servir como insights al momento de determinar la relación de la huella energética con la calidad de vida en usuarios, los mismos que nos permitirán formular estrategias que nos conduzcan a conseguir la eficiencia energética y a reducir las emisiones de CO2 . El coeficiente de correlación fue de   0.839, y p-valor (0.000) por lo que existe una correlación significativa Muy Alta entre las variables Kg de CO2 y KW al usar equipos eléctricos, y por el uso de equipos electrodomésticos, detalladamente, existe una correlación Muy Baja entre las variables de 0.227 y sig= 0.14 para el uso de equipos de computación, una correlación moderada de 0.542 y sig=0.00 en el uso de aclimatadores y una correlación Nula de 0.094 con sig=0.171 para uso de iluminación artificial. entre las variables Kg de CO2 y KW. Se concluye que hay una relación de la huella energética con la calidad de vida en usuarios de edificaciones multifamiliares del distrito de Santiago de Surco de Lima.

Wax esters (WE) are industrially important high-value molecules used in several applications including cosmetics, printing inks, lubricants, and the food industry. Currently, the synthesis of WE through chemical methods presents many disadvantages, mainly high production costs1. Therefore, more sustainable biotechnological solutions are being sought, and microbial synthesis is an attractive alternative. New approaches that bridge systems biology and synthetic biology can be used as powerful tools to redirect cell resources towards the production of molecules of interest2. For this endeavor, Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is of special interest, since this organism is a natural producer of WE and it is an ideal cellular platform for synthetic biology due to its genetic tractability. As the genes involved in the WE synthesis and their precursors are not fully characterized3, exploring the native biosynthesis pathways could provide a promising basis for the increased production of WE. Here, we focused on the in silico evaluation of the production of WE in A. baylyi ADP1 by applying constraint-based, genome scale metabolic models to predict theoretical yields of bioconversion of different substrates into WE. We simulate the deletion of the aceA and fadE genes, encoding for isocitrate lyase and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, respectively, to explore the metabolic capabilities of strains already generated in the laboratory. In addition, we use different carbon sources related to the oxidative depolymerization of plastics, such as succinate, adipic acid, benzoic acid, acetic acid, protocatechuic acid, and terephthalic acid. The validation of these powerful predictive tools will allow the design of new optimized strains for the improved production of WE from plastic waste in A. baylyi.

Innovative solutions are urgently needed to address the global plastics pollution crisis. Here, we propose a nonconventional bacterial host, namely Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, as a synthetic biology workhorse for the upcycling of conventional plastic waste and the production of bio-based plastics that are chemically recyclable by design. In previous work, the remarkably efficient natural transformation, homologous recombination, and catabolic versatility of A. baylyi has enabled the implementation of a heterologous catabolic pathway and the development of an in vivo fluorescent biosensor for terephthalic acid—a xenobiotic used for the production of the ubiquitous polyethylene terephthalate (PET)1. The lessons learned from this experience open the door to further engineering for the biological conversion and valorization of other plastic-related substrates, either from diverse polymer types or from additives such as plasticizers. In particular, here we target the production of value-added wax esters, which are naturally produced by A. baylyi. These compounds find numerous applications in industry, and they can be used as precursors for polyethylene-like materials with a closed-loop life cycle2. We further posit that the innate features of A. baylyi make it an ideal platform for the implementation of Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles that can accelerate the development of microbial chassis for the upcycling of plastic waste, aiding in the transition towards a Circular Economy of plastics.

Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is a naturally competent bacterium with versatile catabolic capabilities. With the advent of synthetic biology,new opportunities arise to exploit this organism’s unique traits. Here,we target the biological conversion of substrates derived from plastics1 into value-added wax esters (WE), which are naturally accumulated by A. baylyi. Native pathways can be harnessed to transform WE into long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LDCA), which are of interest as precursors for polyethylene-like materials with a closed-loop life cycle2.The innate features of A. baylyi make it an ideal platform for the implementation of Design-Build-Test-Learn cycles to address the biological upcycling of plastic waste, aiding in the transition towards a Circular Economy.

After decades of a linear consumption model of plastics, more than 6000 million tons of plastic residues have accumulated in landfills and the environment, and this figure is expected to double by 2050. New plastic waste management strategies and materials with a closed-loop life cycle are urgently needed to reduce this trend. In this scenario, harnessing bacteria to convert non-recyclable plastic wastes into more sustainable, bio-derived polymers or their precursors is of paramount interest. Here, we propose using the wax ester-accumulating bacterium Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 to produce precursors for polyethylene-like materials that are chemically recyclable by design. The versatile metabolism and amenability for genetic manipulation of A. baylyi make it an ideal host to engineer the conversion of plastic-derived substrates into value added products, such as wax esters and long-chain dicarboxylic acids. We will present our goals and latest results from this emerging research line, where we will apply systems and synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and bioprocess design to develop new biomaterials for the circular economy of plastics.

Background. The profile of cellular immunological responses of children across the spectrum of COVID-19, ranging from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection to full recovery or Long COVID, has not yet been fully investigated. Methods. We examined and compared cytokines in sera and cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (B and regulatory T lymphocytes) collected from four distinct groups of children, distributed as follows: younger than 18 years of age with either acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 49); fully recovered from COVID-19 (n = 32); with persistent symptoms (Long COVID, n = 51); and healthy controls (n = 9). Results. In the later stages after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the cohorts of children, both with recovered and persistent symptoms, showed skewed T and B subsets, with remarkable differences when compared with children at the onset of the infection and with controls. The frequencies of IgD+CD27− naïve B cells, IgD+IgM+ and CD27−IgM+CD38dim B cells were higher in children with recent infection than in those with an older history of disease (p < 0.0001 for all); similarly, the total and natural Tregs compartments were more represented in children at onset when compared with Long COVID (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0005, respectively). Despite the heterogeneity, partially due to age, sex and infection incidence, the susceptibility of certain children to develop persistent symptoms after infection appeared to be associated with the imbalance of the adaptive immune response. Following up and comparing recovered versus Long COVID patients, we analyzed the role of circulating naïve and switched B and regulatory T lymphocytes in counteracting the evolution of the symptomatology emerged, finding an interesting correlation between the amount and ability to reconstitute the natural Tregs component with the persistence of symptoms (linear regression, p = 0.0026). Conclusions. In this study, we suggest that children affected by Long COVID may have a compromised ability to s

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Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Changes in PTB rates, ranging from -90% to +30%, were reported in many countries following early COVID-19 pandemic response measures ('lockdowns'). It is unclear whether this variation reflects real differences in lockdown impacts, or perhaps differences in stillbirth rates and/or study designs. Here we present interrupted time series and meta-analyses using harmonized data from 52 million births in 26 countries, 18 of which had representative population-based data, with overall PTB rates ranging from 6% to 12% and stillbirth ranging from 2.5 to 10.5 per 1,000 births. We show small reductions in PTB in the first (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.98, P value <0.0001), second (0.96, 0.92-0.99, 0.03) and third (0.97, 0.94-1.00, 0.09) months of lockdown, but not in the fourth month of lockdown (0.99, 0.96-1.01, 0.34), although there were some between-country differences after the first month. For high-income countries in this study, we did not observe an association between lockdown and stillbirths in the second (1.00, 0.88-1.14, 0.98), third (0.99, 0.88-1.12, 0.89) and fourth (1.01, 0.87-1.18, 0.86) months of lockdown, although we have imprecise estimates due to stillbirths being a relatively rare event. We did, however, find evidence of increased risk of stillbirth in the first month of lockdown in high-income countries (1.14, 1.02-1.29, 0.02) and, in Brazil, we found evidence for an association between lockdown and stillbirth in the second (1.09, 1.03-1.15, 0.002), third (1.10, 1.03-1.17, 0.003) and fourth (1.12, 1.05-1.19, <0.001) months of lockdown. With an estimated 14.8 million PTB annually worldwide, the modest reductions observed during early pandemic lockdowns translate into large numbers of PTB averted globally and warrant further research into causal pathways.

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Changes in PTB rates, ranging from -90% to +30%, were reported in many countries following early COVID-19 pandemic response measures ('lockdowns'). It is unclear whether this variation reflects real differences in lockdown impacts, or perhaps differences in stillbirth rates and/or study designs. Here we present interrupted time series and meta-analyses using harmonized data from 52 million births in 26 countries, 18 of which had representative population-based data, with overall PTB rates ranging from 6% to 12% and stillbirth ranging from 2.5 to 10.5 per 1,000 births. We show small reductions in PTB in the first (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.98, P value <0.0001), second (0.96, 0.92-0.99, 0.03) and third (0.97, 0.94-1.00, 0.09) months of lockdown, but not in the fourth month of lockdown (0.99, 0.96-1.01, 0.34), although there were some between-country differences after the first month. For high-income countries in this study, we did not observe an association between lockdown and stillbirths in the second (1.00, 0.88-1.14, 0.98), third (0.99, 0.88-1.12, 0.89) and fourth (1.01, 0.87-1.18, 0.86) months of lockdown, although we have imprecise estimates due to stillbirths being a relatively rare event. We did, however, find evidence of increased risk of stillbirth in the first month of lockdown in high-income countries (1.14, 1.02-1.29, 0.02) and, in Brazil, we found evidence for an association between lockdown and stillbirth in the second (1.09, 1.03-1.15, 0.002), third (1.10, 1.03-1.17, 0.003) and fourth (1.12, 1.05-1.19, <0.001) months of lockdown. With an estimated 14.8 million PTB annually worldwide, the modest reductions observed during early pandemic lockdowns translate into large numbers of PTB averted globally and warrant further research into causal pathways.

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant mortality worldwide. Changes in PTB rates, ranging from -90% to +30%, were reported in many countries following early COVID-19 pandemic response measures ('lockdowns'). It is unclear whether this variation reflects real differences in lockdown impacts, or perhaps differences in stillbirth rates and/or study designs. Here we present interrupted time series and meta-analyses using harmonized data from 52 million births in 26 countries, 18 of which had representative population-based data, with overall PTB rates ranging from 6% to 12% and stillbirth ranging from 2.5 to 10.5 per 1,000 births. We show small reductions in PTB in the first (odds ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.98, P value <0.0001), second (0.96, 0.92-0.99, 0.03) and third (0.97, 0.94-1.00, 0.09) months of lockdown, but not in the fourth month of lockdown (0.99, 0.96-1.01, 0.34), although there were some between-country differences after the first month. For high-income countries in this study, we did not observe an association between lockdown and stillbirths in the second (1.00, 0.88-1.14, 0.98), third (0.99, 0.88-1.12, 0.89) and fourth (1.01, 0.87-1.18, 0.86) months of lockdown, although we have imprecise estimates due to stillbirths being a relatively rare event. We did, however, find evidence of increased risk of stillbirth in the first month of lockdown in high-income countries (1.14, 1.02-1.29, 0.02) and, in Brazil, we found evidence for an association between lockdown and stillbirth in the second (1.09, 1.03-1.15, 0.002), third (1.10, 1.03-1.17, 0.003) and fourth (1.12, 1.05-1.19, <0.001) months of lockdown. With an estimated 14.8 million PTB annually worldwide, the modest reductions observed during early pandemic lockdowns translate into large numbers of PTB averted globally and warrant further research into causal pathways.

Antecedentes: Desde el inicio de este siglo, se comienza a observar un incremento exponencial de la población inmigrante en España, situándose progresivamente como uno de los principales países del mundo con mayor proporción de inmigrantes. Esto ha ocasionado un nuevo perfil epidemiológico y demográfico en el país que debe ser estudiado. Numerosos estudios han analizado las desigualdades socioeconómicas y su asociación con la mortalidad en áreas urbanas. Sin embargo, pocos de ellos han diferenciado entre población nativa e inmigrante. Objetivos: Esta tesis doctoral presenta como objetivo general analizar las diferencias en la población nativa e inmigrante residente en España en las tendencias de mortalidad por cáncer y las desigualdades socioeconómicas en mortalidad en áreas pequeñas de grandes ciudades. Para ello se establecen un total de dos objetivos específicos. El primero de ellos es analizar la tendencia de mortalidad por cáncer en la población inmigrante y nativa residente en España desde el año 2000 al 2016. El segundo es analizar las desigualdades socioeconómicas en mortalidad entre la población nativa e inmigrante en áreas pequeñas de las mayores ciudades de la Comunidad Valenciana (Alicante, Castellón y Valencia) durante el periodo después del inicio de la crisis económica, desde el 2009 hasta el 2015. Metodología: Esta tesis doctoral se presenta con el formato de tesis por compendio de publicaciones. Ambos artículos incluidos en esta tesis doctoral se tratan de estudios ecológicos de corte transversal relacionadas con la mortalidad en la población inmigrante y nativa a nivel nacional (objetivo específico 1) y autonómico (objetivo específico 2). Todas las fuentes de información utilizadas fueron del tipo secundaria. Respecto a las defunciones ocurridas durante el periodo de estudio, proceden del Boletín Estadístico de Defunciones (objetivo específico 1) y el registro de mortalidad de la Comunidad Valenciana (objetivo específico 2). En ambos estudios las c

The objective of the study was to validate the "Nursing care format of the surgical patient of the Hospital Santa Rosa de Puerto Maldonado", which allows to document the work of the nursing nurse as a need to which the nurses sheltered in the excessive workload and the lack of registration, which, combined with problems of access to technology, limit the possibility of evidencing the work of professional nurses, for this reason a registry was proposed for the surgery service of the Santa Rosa Hospital de Puerto Maldonado (HSR-PM), which would allow an agile work taking into account Taxonomy II NNN. The research method was non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, carried out in a population of 8 nurses and 153 patients in the months of August to October 2020 The "Nursing Care Format of the Surgery Patient of the HSR-PM" was constructed, based on 3 most frequent pathologies. We evaluated 63 defining characteristics, 21 diagnoses, 42 results, 42 interventions. Reviewed by 6 judges (Delphi Rounds) and evaluated by the use of Nursing diagnoses. First round: Consensus of 24 diagnoses, 48 ​​results and 48 interventions, average reliability (Cronbach's Alpha). Second round: 25 diagnoses, 50 results, 50 interventions, high reliability. The conclusion is that the "Nursing Patient Format of HSR-PM" is validated, based on the domain model with the Taxonomy II of the NANDA, NOC and NIC., El estudio tuvo el objetivo de validar el “Formato de cuidado de enfermería del paciente de cirugía del Hospital Santa Rosa de Puerto Maldonado”, que permita documentar el trabajo de la enfermera asistencial como una necesidad, empleando para ello la Taxonomía NANDA, que no se usa por muchos motivos, entre ellos el exceso de carga laboral y la inexistencia de registro, misma que aunado a los problemas de acceso a la tecnología, limitan la posibilidad de evidenciar el trabajo de las enfermeras profesionales, por ello se propuesto un registro para el servicio de cirugía del Hospital Santa Rosa de Puerto Maldonado (HSR-PM), que permitiera un trabajo ágil tomando en cuenta la Taxonomía II NNN. El método de investigación fue no experimental, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en una población de 8 enfermeras y 153 pacientes en los meses de agosto a octubre de 2020. Se construyó el “Formato de cuidado de enfermería del paciente de cirugía del HSR-PM”, basado en 3 de las patologías más frecuentes. Se valoró 63 características definitorias, 21 diagnósticos, 42 resultados, 42 intervenciones. Revisado por 6 jueces (Rondas Delphi) y evaluado por el uso de los diagnósticos de Enfermería. Primera ronda: Consenso de 24 diagnósticos, 48 resultados y 48 intervenciones, confiabilidad media (Alfa de Cronbach). Segunda ronda: 25 diagnósticos, 50 resultados, 50 intervenciones, confiabilidad alta.

Water governance is a means of achieving efficiency and efficiency in management, with a growing trend towards the need for sustainable management, especially in the context of increasing water scarcity. The aim was to carry out a theoretical approach, allowing to identify key principles, attributes and values, by conducting a review of scientific production available on Scopus, SciELO and ScienceDirect. As a result, issues of centralization and fragmentation in water management planning and capacity are highlighted, emphasizing as a most outstanding feature, the direct relationship between governance and water management; concluding that, there are limitations in technical and professional capacity and the promotion of participation of actors., La gobernanza del agua es un medio para lograr eficiencia y eficacia en la gestión y presenta una tendencia creciente hacia la necesidad de una gestión sostenible, especialmente en el contexto de la escasez creciente de agua. El objetivo de este trabajo fue llevar a cabo una aproximación teórica que permitió identificar principios, atributos y valores clave mediante una revisión de producción científica disponible en Scopus, SciELO y Science Direct. Como resultado, destacan temas de centralización y fragmentación en planificación y capacidad de gestión del agua, acentuando como una característica que más sobresale, la relación directa entre gobernanza y gestión del agua. Se concluye que existen limitaciones en la capacidad técnica y profesional y fomento de participación de actores.

This article analyzes the integration between knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and manufacturing firms, assuming this integration generates higher local economic growth and competitiveness. This was done using spatial point pattern analysis methods. Two metropolitan areas were considered, Toluca and Querétaro, both near Mexico City but with different industrial development patterns. Despite differences, results suggest that knowledge-intensive services are linked to transport industries, which are the engine of Mexican exports and key in their consolidation in global value chains., Este artigo analisa a integração entre empresas de serviços intensivos em conhecimento (do inglês: knowledge-intensive business services–KIBS) e a indústria, assumindo que gera elevado crescimento econômico local e competitividade. São utilizadas técnicas de análise de padrões de pontos espaciais. São estudadas duas áreas metropolitanas no centro do México, Toluca e Querétaro, ambas próximas à Cidade do México, mas, cujo desenvolvimento industrial tem sido diferente. Apesar das diferenças, os resultados sugerem que os serviços intensivos em conhecimento estão ligados à indústria de transporte, força motriz das exportações mexicanas e fundamental para a sua consolidação nas cadeias de valor globais., Este artículo analiza la integración entre las empresas de servicios intensivos en conocimiento (KIBS) y la manufactura, partiendo de que esta genera alto crecimiento económico local y competitividad. Se utilizan técnicas espaciales de análisis de patrones de puntos. Se estudian dos zonas metropolitanas del centro de México, Toluca y Querétaro, ambas próximas a Ciudad de México, cuyo desarrollo industrial ha sido distinto. A pesar de sus diferencias, los resultados sugieren que los kibs se enlazan a la industria del transporte, motor de las exportaciones mexicanas y clave en la consolidación en lascadenas globales de valor.

Introducción: El melanoma es considerado una amenaza de salud pública, ya que representa más del 90% de los fallecimientos por cáncer cutáneo. El principal objetivo de la dermatoscopia es la detección precoz de melanomas, aunque la discriminación entre melanoma in situ (Mis) e invasivo (Miv) puede ser desafiante incluso para dermatólogos expertos. Los avances recientes en inteligencia artificial la convierten en una herramienta prometedora como herramienta de ayuda a la toma de decisiones diagnósticas. Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar distintos modelos de Machine Learning para la clasificación de imágenes dermatoscópicas centrados en la predicción del índice de Breslow del melanoma cutáneo. Material y métodos: En este trabajo, se llevaron a cabo dos experimentos. En el primer experimento, se emplearon 1.045 imágenes dermatoscópicas de melanoma de tres conjuntos de datos independientes recogidas de forma retrospectiva, para entrenar y evaluar tres modelos de Deep Transfer Learning (ResNetV2, EfficientNetB6 and InceptionV3) en imágenes dermatoscópicas para la clasificación de Mis o Miv, así como melanomas < ó ? 0,8 mm de índice de Breslow. En el segundo experimento, 1.449 imágenes etiquetadas de cuatro conjuntos de datos independientes y 2.508 imágenes no etiquetadas se utilizaron para entrenar y evaluar modelos de Machine Learning para las mismas tareas de clasificación. Se consideraron y evaluaron modelos de aprendizaje supervisado y semisupervisado usando un ensemble Multi-Teacher mediante Knowledge Distillation empleando un esquema de validación cruzada estratificada en cinco particiones. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo y cuantitativo del rendimiento de los modelos de ambos experimentos. Resultados: En el primer experimento, el mejor modelo para la clasificación entre Mis y Miv fue Inceptionv3 (AUC = 0,63), y ResNetV2 (AUC = 0,76) para la clasificación entre melanomas < ó ? 0,8 mm de índice de Breslow. Para esta segunda tarea, los modelos ResNetV2 (AUC = 0

Investigations of State Theory on the cultures of ancient Peru., Capítulos de libro con investigaciones de Teoría del Estado sobre las culturas del Perú antiguo, realizado por docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno.

Investigations of State Theory on the cultures of ancient Peru., Capítulos de libro con investigaciones de Teoría del Estado sobre las culturas del Perú antiguo, realizado por docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno.

In recent years, deep learning has achieved remarkable empirical success for image reconstruction. This has catalyzed an ongoing quest for the precise characterization of the correctness and reliability of data-driven methods in critical use cases, for instance, in medical imaging. Notwithstanding the excellent performance and efficacy of deep learning-based methods, concerns have been raised regarding the approaches’ stability, or lack thereof, with serious practical implications. Significant advances have been made in recent years to unravel the inner workings of data-driven image recovery methods, challenging their widely perceived black-box nature. In this article, we specify relevant notions of convergence for data-driven image reconstruction, which forms the basis of a survey of learned methods with mathematically rigorous reconstruction guarantees. An example that is highlighted is the role of input-convex neural networks (ICNNs), offering the possibility to combine the power of deep learning with classical convex regularization theory for devising methods that are provably convergent. This survey article is aimed at both methodological researchers seeking to advance the frontiers of our understanding of data-driven image reconstruction methods as well as practitioners by providing an accessible description of useful convergence concepts and by placing some of the existing empirical practices on a solid mathematical foundation.

Investigations of State Theory on the cultures of ancient Peru., Capítulos de libro con investigaciones de Teoría del Estado sobre las culturas del Perú antiguo, realizado por docentes y estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno.