1. Effect of NaX Zeolite Mass and Baffle Presence on Copper Sorption
- Author
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Herceg, Ana, Bašić, Anita, Penga, Željko, Svilović, Sandra, Herceg, Ana, Bašić, Anita, Penga, Željko, and Svilović, Sandra
- Abstract
Sorption is often conducted in stirred batch reactors without assessing the impact of mixing on yield and costs. Operating the mixing in the batch reactor at a state of complete suspension, i.e., at just suspended impeller speed, NJS, is a compromise between these conflicting goals. Therefore, copper sorption on NaX zeolite using a pitched blade turbine was conducted in both baffled and unbaffled batch reactors at NJS. Maintaining constant impeller to reactor diameter ratio (D/dT = 0.32), and impeller off-bottom clearance (C/H = 0.33), kinetic sorption experiments were performed. Besides kinetic sorption experiments and the kinetic analysis of data obtained, to gain insight into the hydrodynamic behaviour of the system, transient multiphase computational fluid dynamics simulations (CFD) were performed. The NJS speed is related to the particle settling speed, wherein a higher zeolite suspension mass concentration requires a greater NJS speed, resulting in increased energy consumption. The differences in NJS speeds for the investigated zeolite suspension mass concentrations were found to be insubstantial, and therefore, the increase in mixing intensity for the tested systems was not deemed significant. Regardless of the zeolite mass used, the values of NJS and PJS (mixing power consumption) were consistently higher in the unbaffled reactor. The hydrodynamic conditions employed were found to have no significant effect on the maximum amount of copper sorbed or process efficiency, but was significantly affected by zeolite mass. The kinetics were affected by both, and, generally, sorption occurred faster in the unbaffled reactor., Sorpcija se često provodi u šaržnom reaktoru s miješanjem bez procjene utjecaja miješanja na prinos i troškove. Izvođenje miješanja u šaržnom reaktoru u stanju potpune suspenzije, tj. pri minimalnoj brzini vrtnje miješala potrebnoj za postizanje stanja potpune suspenzije, NJS, kompromis je između navedenih ciljeva. Zato je sorpcija bakra na NaX zeolitu provedena pomoću turbinskog miješala s ravnim lopaticama nagnutim pod kutom od 45° (PBT miješalo) u šaržnom reaktoru s razbijalom i bez razbijala virova pri NJS brzinama. Omjer promjera PBT miješala i unutarnjeg promjera šaržnog reaktora (D/dT = 0,32), kao i omjer udaljenosti miješala od dna reaktora i visine suspenzije, (C/H = 0,33) bili su konstantni. Osim kinetičkih sorpcijskih eksperimenata i kinetičke analize dobivenih podataka, provedene su i prijelazne višefazne računske simulacije dinamike fluida (CFD), da bi se dobio uvid u hidrodinamičko ponašanje sustava. Brzina NJS povezana je s brzinom taloženja čestica, stoga veća masena koncentracija suspenzije zeolita zahtijeva veću brzinu NJS i utrošak energije. Razlike u brzinama NJS za ispitivane masene koncentracije suspenzije zeolita nisu velike, pa stoga povećanje intenziteta miješanja za ispitane sustave nije značajno. Utvrđeno je da su vrijednosti NJS i PJS (utrošak snage miješanja) veće u reaktoru bez razbijala virova bez obzira na upotrijebljenu masu zeolita. Primijenjeni hidrodinamički uvjeti ne utječu znatno na maksimalnu količinu sorbiranog bakra niti na učinkovitost procesa, ali na navedeno znatno utječe masa zeolita. Na kinetiku utječe i masa zeolita i primijenjeni hidrodinamički uvjeti, a općenito je brža u reaktoru bez razbijala virova.
- Published
- 2024