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The application of computers to full face mechanical tunnelling and raise production equipment is summarised; in particular, computerisation of full face excavation using raise boring machines, multi-purpose boring machines, and tunnel borers is discussed. Analysis of productivity and associated costs for traditional, new and planned raise boring machines, and project performances of computer controlled raise borers are discussed. Descriptions of new TBM and RBM products are included, with an account of the potential application of TBM to the mining environment and cost-comparisons with roadheaders and conventional drill and blast. The advantages of using machine bored circular cross section headings for restricted access mines and civil engineering are discussed., The application of computers to full face mechanical tunnelling and raise production equipment is summarised; in particular, computerisation of full face excavation using raise boring machines, multi-purpose boring machines, and tunnel borers is discussed. Analysis of productivity and associated costs for traditional, new and planned raise boring machines, and project performances of computer controlled raise borers are discussed. Descriptions of new TBM and RBM products are included, with an account of the potential application of TBM to the mining environment and cost-comparisons with roadheaders and conventional drill and blast. The advantages of using machine bored circular cross section headings for restricted access mines and civil engineering are discussed.

The importance of correct TBM selection and the design of muck haulage and suitable backup systems are considered., The importance of correct TBM selection and the design of muck haulage and suitable backup systems are considered.

A major problem in Quito has been the supply of drinking water to meet the ever-increasing demand. This led to a plan to divert the upper reaches of the Napo River, which drains to the Atlantic, through the mountains adjacent to Papallacta, some 45 km distant from Quito. The total project originally consisted of a 6 200 m diversion tunnel of 3 m finished diameter, which discharged to a steel 1.5 m diameter cut and cover pipeline some 45 km long to supply the existing filtration plant adjacent to the city of Quito., A major problem in Quito has been the supply of drinking water to meet the ever-increasing demand. This led to a plan to divert the upper reaches of the Napo River, which drains to the Atlantic, through the mountains adjacent to Papallacta, some 45 km distant from Quito. The total project originally consisted of a 6 200 m diversion tunnel of 3 m finished diameter, which discharged to a steel 1.5 m diameter cut and cover pipeline some 45 km long to supply the existing filtration plant adjacent to the city of Quito.