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42 results on '"Parr, Catherine L."'

1. Conflation of reforestation with restoration is widespread

Author: Parr, Catherine L., te Beest, Mariska, Stevens, Nicola, Parr, Catherine L., te Beest, Mariska, and Stevens, Nicola
Abstract: The Bonn Challenge was launched by the German government and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2011 with the goal of restoring 350 million ha of degraded and deforested landscapes by 2030. Although there is acknowledgment that forest landscape restoration (FLR) promoting tree planting should not cause the loss or conversion of open, nonforested ecosystems (i.e., they should not be afforested) (1), concerns have been raised that the focus on tree-based restoration combined with misclassification of grassy ecosystems could lead to misplaced restoration and destruction of intact, ancient ecosystems (2). Yet, the potential scale of the issue, or whether concerns are playing out in practice, are unknown. To understand the potential scale of tree planting in savannas and grasslands, we examined restoration pledges under the African Forest Restoration Initiative (AFR100) and on-the-ground projects, finding that tree planting is widespread across nonforest systems.
Published: 2024

2. Conflation of reforestation with restoration is widespread

Author: Sustainability Science and Education, Parr, Catherine L., te Beest, Mariska, Stevens, Nicola, Sustainability Science and Education, Parr, Catherine L., te Beest, Mariska, and Stevens, Nicola
Published: 2024

3. The biogeography of Gabonese savannas:Evidence from termite community richness and composition

Author: Evouna Ondo, Fidèle, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Whytock, Robin, Abernethy, Katharine A., Couteron, Pierre, Eggleton, Paul, Griffin, Claire, Ostle, Nicolas J., Koumba Pambo, Aurelie‐Flore, Ngomanda, Alfred, Edzang Ndong, Josué, Parr, Catherine L., Evouna Ondo, Fidèle, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Whytock, Robin, Abernethy, Katharine A., Couteron, Pierre, Eggleton, Paul, Griffin, Claire, Ostle, Nicolas J., Koumba Pambo, Aurelie‐Flore, Ngomanda, Alfred, Edzang Ndong, Josué, and Parr, Catherine L.
Abstract: AimThe mosaic of savannas that persists in the forest‐dominant Congo Basin is thought to be palaeoclimatic relics, but past biogeographical processes that have formed and maintained these systems are poorly understood. Here, we explored the post‐Pleistocene biogeography of Gabon's savannas using termites as biological indicators to understand historical and mechanistic factors influencing present‐day termite communities in the country's extant savannas.LocationGabon, Central Africa.TaxonBlattodea: Termitoidae.MethodsUsing standardised transect methods, we sampled termite communities in four disjunct modern savanna areas of Gabon: the centre (Lopé), the southeast (Batéké) and the south (Mayombe North and South). Termites at Lopé were collected in three habitats (annually burned savannas, savannas with a depressed fire regime and forest). We used DNA barcoding of the COII region to identify termite species and compared abundance, species richness and community composition across areas and habitats.ResultsCommunity composition differed greatly between Lopé and both Batéké and Mayombe savannas with Lopé being exceptionally depauperate and lacking characteristic savanna species. Within Lopé, termite abundance and diversity was highest in forests and lowest in annually burned savannas, with a gradual change in species composition across the forest–savanna gradient associated with fire history.Main ConclusionsThe absence of savanna typical species in Lopé savannas challenges current assumptions that these savannas were linked to the south/southeastern savannas during the Pleistocene and suggests a different evolutionary history. Lopé savannas may instead have opened as an isolated grassland and never have been contiguous with neighbouring savannas, or were isolated soon after forest expansion began and have now lost savanna‐typical species. Furthermore, the patterns of termite community composition in fire suppressed savannas support a hypothesis of rapid change dr
Published: 2023

4. Ecological strategies of (pl)ants:Towards a world-wide worker economic spectrum for ants

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Bishop, Tom R., Leahy, Lily, Parr, Catherine L, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Sanders, Nathan J., Shik, Jonathan Z., Ibarra-Isassi, Javier, Narendra, Ajay, Dunn, Robert R., Wright, Ian J., Gibb, Heloise, Bishop, Tom R., Leahy, Lily, Parr, Catherine L, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Sanders, Nathan J., Shik, Jonathan Z., Ibarra-Isassi, Javier, Narendra, Ajay, Dunn, Robert R., and Wright, Ian J.
Abstract: Current global challenges call for a rigorously predictive ecology. Our understanding of ecological strategies, imputed through suites of measurable functional traits, comes from decades of work that largely focussed on plants. However, a key question is whether plant ecological strategies resemble those of other organisms. Among animals, ants have long been recognised to possess similarities with plants: as (largely) central place foragers. For example, individual ant workers play similar foraging roles to plant leaves and roots and are similarly expendable. Frameworks that aim to understand plant ecological strategies through key functional traits, such as the ‘leaf economics spectrum’, offer the potential for significant parallels with ant ecological strategies. Here, we explore these parallels across several proposed ecological strategy dimensions, including an ‘economic spectrum’, propagule size-number trade-offs, apparency-defence trade-offs, resource acquisition trade-offs and stress-tolerance trade-offs. We also highlight where ecological strategies may differ between plants and ants. Furthermore, we consider how these strategies play out among the different modules of eusocial organisms, where selective forces act on the worker and reproductive castes, as well as the colony. Finally, we suggest future directions for ecological strategy research, including highlighting the availability of data and traits that may be more difficult to measure, but should receive more attention in future to better understand the ecological strategies of ants. The unique biology of eusocial organisms provides an unrivalled opportunity to bridge the gap in our understanding of ecological strategies in plants and animals and we hope that this perspective will ignite further interest. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Published: 2023

5. The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages

Author: Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., Pringle, Robert M., Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., and Pringle, Robert M.
Abstract: Ecological niche differences are necessary for stable species coexistence but are often difficult to discern. Models of dietary niche differentiation in large mammalian herbivores invoke the quality, quantity, and spatiotemporal distribution of plant tissues and growth forms but are agnostic toward food plant species identity. Empirical support for these models is variable, suggesting that additional mechanisms of resource partitioning may be important in sustaining large-herbivore diversity in African savannas. We used DNA metabarcoding to conduct a taxonomically explicit analysis of large-herbivore diets across southeastern Africa, analyzing ?4,000 fecal samples of 30 species from 10 sites in seven countries over 6 y. We detected 893 food plant taxa from 124 families, but just two families?grasses and legumes?accounted for the majority of herbivore diets. Nonetheless, herbivore species almost invariably partitioned food plant taxa; diet composition differed significantly in 97% of pairwise comparisons between sympatric species, and dissimilarity was pronounced even between the strictest grazers (grass eaters), strictest browsers (nongrass eaters), and closest relatives at each site. Niche differentiation was weakest in an ecosystem recovering from catastrophic defaunation, indicating that food plant partitioning is driven by species interactions, and was stronger at low rainfall, as expected if interspecific competition is a predominant driver. Diets differed more between browsers than grazers, which predictably shaped community organization: Grazer-dominated trophic networks had higher nestedness and lower modularity. That dietary differentiation is structured along taxonomic lines complements prior work on how herbivores partition plant parts and patches and suggests that common mechanisms govern herbivore coexistence and community assembly in savannas.
Published: 2022

6. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo
Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.
Published: 2022

7. The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages

Author: Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., Pringle, Robert M., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., and Pringle, Robert M.
Published: 2022

8. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo
Published: 2022

9. The global distribution of known and undiscovered ant biodiversity.

Author: Kass, Jamie M, Kass, Jamie M, Guénard, Benoit, Dudley, Kenneth L, Jenkins, Clinton N, Azuma, Fumika, Fisher, Brian L, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Longino, John T, Ward, Philip S, Chao, Anne, Lubertazzi, David, Weiser, Michael, Jetz, Walter, Guralnick, Robert, Blatrix, Rumsaïs, Lauriers, James Des, Donoso, David A, Georgiadis, Christos, Gomez, Kiko, Hawkes, Peter G, Johnson, Robert A, Lattke, John E, MacGown, Joe A, Mackay, William, Robson, Simon, Sanders, Nathan J, Dunn, Robert R, Economo, Evan P, Kass, Jamie M, Kass, Jamie M, Guénard, Benoit, Dudley, Kenneth L, Jenkins, Clinton N, Azuma, Fumika, Fisher, Brian L, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Longino, John T, Ward, Philip S, Chao, Anne, Lubertazzi, David, Weiser, Michael, Jetz, Walter, Guralnick, Robert, Blatrix, Rumsaïs, Lauriers, James Des, Donoso, David A, Georgiadis, Christos, Gomez, Kiko, Hawkes, Peter G, Johnson, Robert A, Lattke, John E, MacGown, Joe A, Mackay, William, Robson, Simon, Sanders, Nathan J, Dunn, Robert R, and Economo, Evan P
Abstract: Invertebrates constitute the majority of animal species and are critical for ecosystem functioning and services. Nonetheless, global invertebrate biodiversity patterns and their congruences with vertebrates remain largely unknown. We resolve the first high-resolution (~20-km) global diversity map for a major invertebrate clade, ants, using biodiversity informatics, range modeling, and machine learning to synthesize existing knowledge and predict the distribution of undiscovered diversity. We find that ants and different vertebrate groups have distinct features in their patterns of richness and rarity, underscoring the need to consider a diversity of taxa in conservation. However, despite their phylogenetic and physiological divergence, ant distributions are not highly anomalous relative to variation among vertebrate clades. Furthermore, our models predict that rarity centers largely overlap (78%), suggesting that general forces shape endemism patterns across taxa. This raises confidence that conservation of areas important for small-ranged vertebrates will benefit invertebrates while providing a "treasure map" to guide future discovery.
Published: 2022

10. The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages

Author: Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., Pringle, Robert M., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., and Pringle, Robert M.
Published: 2022

11. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo
Published: 2022

12. What do you mean, ‘megafire’?

Author: Australian Wildlife Society, World Wildlife Fund, Linley, Grant D., Jolly, Chris J., Doherty, Tim S., Geary, William L., Armenteras, Dolors, Belcher, Claire M., Bliege Bird, Rebecca, Duane, Andrea, Fletcher, Michael-Shawn, Giorgis, Melisa A., Haslem, Angie, Jones, Gavin M., Kelly, Luke T., Lee, Calvin K. F., Nolan, Rachael H., Parr, Catherine L., Pausas, J. G., Price, Jodi N., Regos, Adrián, Ritchie, Euan G., Ruffault, Julien, Williamson, Grant J., Wu, Qianhan, Nimmo, Dale G., Australian Wildlife Society, World Wildlife Fund, Linley, Grant D., Jolly, Chris J., Doherty, Tim S., Geary, William L., Armenteras, Dolors, Belcher, Claire M., Bliege Bird, Rebecca, Duane, Andrea, Fletcher, Michael-Shawn, Giorgis, Melisa A., Haslem, Angie, Jones, Gavin M., Kelly, Luke T., Lee, Calvin K. F., Nolan, Rachael H., Parr, Catherine L., Pausas, J. G., Price, Jodi N., Regos, Adrián, Ritchie, Euan G., Ruffault, Julien, Williamson, Grant J., Wu, Qianhan, and Nimmo, Dale G.
Abstract: [Background]: ‘Megafire’ is an emerging concept commonly used to describe fires that are extreme in terms of size, behaviour, and/or impacts, but the term’s meaning remains ambiguous. [Approach]: We sought to resolve ambiguity surrounding the meaning of ‘megafire’ by conducting a structured review of the use and definition of the term in several languages in the peer-reviewed scientific literature. We collated definitions and descriptions of megafire and identified criteria frequently invoked to define megafire. We recorded the size and location of megafires and mapped them to reveal global variation in the size of fires described as megafires. [Results]: We identified 109 studies that define the term ‘megafire’ or identify a megafire, with the term first appearing in the peer-reviewed literature in 2005. Seventy-one (~65%) of these studies attempted to describe or define the term. There was considerable variability in the criteria used to define megafire, although definitions of megafire based on fire size were most common. Megafire size thresholds varied geographically from > 100–100,000 ha, with fires > 10,000 ha the most common size threshold (41%, 18/44 studies). Definitions of megafire were most common from studies led by authors from North America (52%, 37/71). We recorded 137 instances from 84 studies where fires were reported as megafires, the vast majority (94%, 129/137) of which exceed 10,000 ha in size. Megafires occurred in a range of biomes, but were most frequently described in forested biomes (112/137, 82%), and usually described single ignition fires (59% 81/137). [Conclusion]: As Earth’s climate and ecosystems change, it is important that scientists can communicate trends in the occurrence of larger and more extreme fires with clarity. To overcome ambiguity, we suggest a definition of megafire as fires > 10,000 ha arising from single or multiple related ignition events. We introduce two additional terms – gigafire (> 100,000 ha) and terafire (> 1,0
Published: 2022

13. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., Zalamea, Paul Camilo, Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., and Zalamea, Paul Camilo
Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., Zalamea, Paul Camilo, Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., and Zalamea, Paul Camilo
Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.
Published: 2022

15. Carbon flux and forest dynamics: Increased deadwood decomposition in tropical rainforest tree-fall canopy gaps.

Author: Griffiths, Hannah M, Griffiths, Hannah M, Eggleton, Paul, Hemming-Schroeder, Nicole, Swinfield, Tom, Woon, Joel S, Allison, Steven D, Coomes, David A, Ashton, Louise A, Parr, Catherine L, Griffiths, Hannah M, Griffiths, Hannah M, Eggleton, Paul, Hemming-Schroeder, Nicole, Swinfield, Tom, Woon, Joel S, Allison, Steven D, Coomes, David A, Ashton, Louise A, and Parr, Catherine L
Abstract: Tree mortality rates are increasing within tropical rainforests as a result of global environmental change. When trees die, gaps are created in forest canopies and carbon is transferred from the living to deadwood pools. However, little is known about the effect of tree-fall canopy gaps on the activity of decomposer communities and the rate of deadwood decay in forests. This means that the accuracy of regional and global carbon budgets is uncertain, especially given ongoing changes to the structure of rainforest ecosystems. Therefore, to determine the effect of canopy openings on wood decay rates and regional carbon flux, we carried out the first assessment of deadwood mass loss within canopy gaps in old-growth rainforest. We used replicated canopy gaps paired with closed canopy sites in combination with macroinvertebrate accessible and inaccessible woodblocks to experimentally partition the relative contribution of microbes vs. termites to decomposition within contrasting understorey conditions. We show that over a 12 month period, wood mass loss increased by 63% in canopy gaps compared with closed canopy sites and that this increase was driven by termites. Using LiDAR data to quantify the proportion of canopy openings in the study region, we modelled the effect of observed changes in decomposition within gaps on regional carbon flux. Overall, we estimate that this accelerated decomposition increases regional wood decay rate by up to 18.2%, corresponding to a flux increase of 0.27 Mg C ha-1 year-1 that is not currently accounted for in regional carbon budgets. These results provide the first insights into how small-scale disturbances in rainforests can generate hotspots for decomposer activity and carbon fluxes. In doing so, we show that including canopy gap dynamics and their impacts on wood decomposition in forest ecosystems can help improve the predictive accuracy of the carbon cycle in land surface models.
Published: 2021

16. Carbon flux and forest dynamics: Increased deadwood decomposition in tropical rainforest tree-fall canopy gaps.

Author: Griffiths, Hannah M, Griffiths, Hannah M, Eggleton, Paul, Hemming-Schroeder, Nicole, Swinfield, Tom, Woon, Joel S, Allison, Steven D, Coomes, David A, Ashton, Louise A, Parr, Catherine L, Griffiths, Hannah M, Griffiths, Hannah M, Eggleton, Paul, Hemming-Schroeder, Nicole, Swinfield, Tom, Woon, Joel S, Allison, Steven D, Coomes, David A, Ashton, Louise A, and Parr, Catherine L
Abstract: Tree mortality rates are increasing within tropical rainforests as a result of global environmental change. When trees die, gaps are created in forest canopies and carbon is transferred from the living to deadwood pools. However, little is known about the effect of tree-fall canopy gaps on the activity of decomposer communities and the rate of deadwood decay in forests. This means that the accuracy of regional and global carbon budgets is uncertain, especially given ongoing changes to the structure of rainforest ecosystems. Therefore, to determine the effect of canopy openings on wood decay rates and regional carbon flux, we carried out the first assessment of deadwood mass loss within canopy gaps in old-growth rainforest. We used replicated canopy gaps paired with closed canopy sites in combination with macroinvertebrate accessible and inaccessible woodblocks to experimentally partition the relative contribution of microbes vs. termites to decomposition within contrasting understorey conditions. We show that over a 12 month period, wood mass loss increased by 63% in canopy gaps compared with closed canopy sites and that this increase was driven by termites. Using LiDAR data to quantify the proportion of canopy openings in the study region, we modelled the effect of observed changes in decomposition within gaps on regional carbon flux. Overall, we estimate that this accelerated decomposition increases regional wood decay rate by up to 18.2%, corresponding to a flux increase of 0.27 Mg C ha-1 year-1 that is not currently accounted for in regional carbon budgets. These results provide the first insights into how small-scale disturbances in rainforests can generate hotspots for decomposer activity and carbon fluxes. In doing so, we show that including canopy gap dynamics and their impacts on wood decomposition in forest ecosystems can help improve the predictive accuracy of the carbon cycle in land surface models.
Published: 2021

17. Fire and biodiversity in the Anthropocene

Author: Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, University of Melbourne, Australian Research Council, Xunta de Galicia, Foundation for Science and Technology, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Kelly, Luke T., Giljohann, Katherine M., Duane, Andrea, Aquilué, Núria, Archibald, Sally, Batllori, Enric, Bennett, Andrew F., Buckland, Stephen T., Canelles, Quim, Clarke, Michael F., Fortin, Marie-Josée, Hermoso, Virgilio, Herrando, Sergi, Keane, Robert E., Lake, Frank K., McCarthy, Michael A., Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Parr, Catherine L., Pausas, J. G., Penman, Trent D., Regos, Adrián, Rumpff, Libby, Santos, Julianna L., Smith, Annabel L., Syphard, Alexandra D., Tingley, Morgan W., Brotons, Lluís, Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya, University of Melbourne, Australian Research Council, Xunta de Galicia, Foundation for Science and Technology, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Kelly, Luke T., Giljohann, Katherine M., Duane, Andrea, Aquilué, Núria, Archibald, Sally, Batllori, Enric, Bennett, Andrew F., Buckland, Stephen T., Canelles, Quim, Clarke, Michael F., Fortin, Marie-Josée, Hermoso, Virgilio, Herrando, Sergi, Keane, Robert E., Lake, Frank K., McCarthy, Michael A., Morán-Ordóñez, Alejandra, Parr, Catherine L., Pausas, J. G., Penman, Trent D., Regos, Adrián, Rumpff, Libby, Santos, Julianna L., Smith, Annabel L., Syphard, Alexandra D., Tingley, Morgan W., and Brotons, Lluís
Abstract: Fire has been a source of global biodiversity for millions of years. However, interactions with anthropogenic drivers such as climate change, land use, and invasive species are changing the nature of fire activity and its impacts. We review how such changes are threatening species with extinction and transforming terrestrial ecosystems. Conservation of Earth’s biological diversity will be achieved only by recognizing and responding to the critical role of fire. In the Anthropocene, this requires that conservation planning explicitly includes the combined effects of human activities and fire regimes. Improved forecasts for biodiversity must also integrate the connections among people, fire, and ecosystems. Such integration provides an opportunity for new actions that could revolutionize how society sustains biodiversity in a time of changing fire activity.
Published: 2020

18. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti-Mara ecosystem

Author: Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., Beale, Colin M., Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., and Beale, Colin M.
Abstract: Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns. We used MODIS active fire and burned area products from 2001 to 2014 to identify individual fires; summarizing four characteristics for each detected fire: size, ignition date, time since last fire and radiative power. Using satellite imagery, we estimated the rate of change in the density of livestock bomas as a proxy for livestock density. We used these metrics to model drivers of variation in the four fire characteristics, as well as total number of fires and total area burned. Fires in the Serengeti-Mara show high spatial variability-with number of fires and ignition date mirroring mean annual precipitation. The short-term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing grass biomass and fuel loads, and, therefore, in larger and hotter fires. Our study reveals dramatic changes over time, with a reduction in total number of fires and total area burned, to the point where some areas now experience virtually no fire. We suggest that increasing livestock numbers are driving this decline, presumably by inhibiting fire spread. These temporal patterns are part of a global decline in total area burned, especially in savannahs, and we caution that ecosystem functioning may have been compromised. Land managers and policy formulators need to factor in rapid fire regime modifications to achieve management objectives and maintain the ecological function of savannah ecosystems.
Published: 2019
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19. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti-Mara ecosystem

Author: Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., Beale, Colin M., Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., and Beale, Colin M.
Abstract: Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns. We used MODIS active fire and burned area products from 2001 to 2014 to identify individual fires; summarizing four characteristics for each detected fire: size, ignition date, time since last fire and radiative power. Using satellite imagery, we estimated the rate of change in the density of livestock bomas as a proxy for livestock density. We used these metrics to model drivers of variation in the four fire characteristics, as well as total number of fires and total area burned. Fires in the Serengeti-Mara show high spatial variability-with number of fires and ignition date mirroring mean annual precipitation. The short-term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing grass biomass and fuel loads, and, therefore, in larger and hotter fires. Our study reveals dramatic changes over time, with a reduction in total number of fires and total area burned, to the point where some areas now experience virtually no fire. We suggest that increasing livestock numbers are driving this decline, presumably by inhibiting fire spread. These temporal patterns are part of a global decline in total area burned, especially in savannahs, and we caution that ecosystem functioning may have been compromised. Land managers and policy formulators need to factor in rapid fire regime modifications to achieve management objectives and maintain the ecological function of savannah ecosystems.
Published: 2019
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20. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti-Mara ecosystem

Author: Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., Beale, Colin M., Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., and Beale, Colin M.
Abstract: Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns. We used MODIS active fire and burned area products from 2001 to 2014 to identify individual fires; summarizing four characteristics for each detected fire: size, ignition date, time since last fire and radiative power. Using satellite imagery, we estimated the rate of change in the density of livestock bomas as a proxy for livestock density. We used these metrics to model drivers of variation in the four fire characteristics, as well as total number of fires and total area burned. Fires in the Serengeti-Mara show high spatial variability-with number of fires and ignition date mirroring mean annual precipitation. The short-term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing grass biomass and fuel loads, and, therefore, in larger and hotter fires. Our study reveals dramatic changes over time, with a reduction in total number of fires and total area burned, to the point where some areas now experience virtually no fire. We suggest that increasing livestock numbers are driving this decline, presumably by inhibiting fire spread. These temporal patterns are part of a global decline in total area burned, especially in savannahs, and we caution that ecosystem functioning may have been compromised. Land managers and policy formulators need to factor in rapid fire regime modifications to achieve management objectives and maintain the ecological function of savannah ecosystems.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

21. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti-Mara ecosystem

Author: Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., Beale, Colin M., Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., and Beale, Colin M.
Abstract: Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns. We used MODIS active fire and burned area products from 2001 to 2014 to identify individual fires; summarizing four characteristics for each detected fire: size, ignition date, time since last fire and radiative power. Using satellite imagery, we estimated the rate of change in the density of livestock bomas as a proxy for livestock density. We used these metrics to model drivers of variation in the four fire characteristics, as well as total number of fires and total area burned. Fires in the Serengeti-Mara show high spatial variability-with number of fires and ignition date mirroring mean annual precipitation. The short-term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing grass biomass and fuel loads, and, therefore, in larger and hotter fires. Our study reveals dramatic changes over time, with a reduction in total number of fires and total area burned, to the point where some areas now experience virtually no fire. We suggest that increasing livestock numbers are driving this decline, presumably by inhibiting fire spread. These temporal patterns are part of a global decline in total area burned, especially in savannahs, and we caution that ecosystem functioning may have been compromised. Land managers and policy formulators need to factor in rapid fire regime modifications to achieve management objectives and maintain the ecological function of savannah ecosystems.
Published: 2019
Full Text: View/download PDF

22. Anthropogenic modifications to fire regimes in the wider Serengeti-Mara ecosystem

Author: Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., Beale, Colin M., Probert, James R., Parr, Catherine L., Holdo, Ricardo M., Anderson, T. Michael, Archibald, Sally, Mustaphi, Colin J. Courtney, Dobson, Andrew P., Donaldson, Jason E., Hopcraft, Grant C., Hempson, Gareth P., Morrison, Thomas A., and Beale, Colin M.
Abstract: Fire is a key driver in savannah systems and widely used as a land management tool. Intensifying human land uses are leading to rapid changes in the fire regimes, with consequences for ecosystem functioning and composition. We undertake a novel analysis describing spatial patterns in the fire regime of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem, document multidecadal temporal changes and investigate the factors underlying these patterns. We used MODIS active fire and burned area products from 2001 to 2014 to identify individual fires; summarizing four characteristics for each detected fire: size, ignition date, time since last fire and radiative power. Using satellite imagery, we estimated the rate of change in the density of livestock bomas as a proxy for livestock density. We used these metrics to model drivers of variation in the four fire characteristics, as well as total number of fires and total area burned. Fires in the Serengeti-Mara show high spatial variability-with number of fires and ignition date mirroring mean annual precipitation. The short-term effect of rainfall decreases fire size and intensity but cumulative rainfall over several years leads to increased standing grass biomass and fuel loads, and, therefore, in larger and hotter fires. Our study reveals dramatic changes over time, with a reduction in total number of fires and total area burned, to the point where some areas now experience virtually no fire. We suggest that increasing livestock numbers are driving this decline, presumably by inhibiting fire spread. These temporal patterns are part of a global decline in total area burned, especially in savannahs, and we caution that ecosystem functioning may have been compromised. Land managers and policy formulators need to factor in rapid fire regime modifications to achieve management objectives and maintain the ecological function of savannah ecosystems.
Published: 2019
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23. Comment on “The global tree restoration potential”

Author: Swiss National Science Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Science Foundation (US), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Royal Society (UK), German Research Foundation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Pausas, J. G. [0000-0003-3533-5786], Veldman, Joseph W., Aleman, Julie C., Alvarado, Swanni T., Anderson, Michael T., Archibald, Sally, Bond, W. J., Boutton, Thomas W., Buchmann, Nina, Buisson, Elise, Canadell, Josep G., de Sá Dechoum, Michele, Diaz-Toribio, Milton H., Durigan, Giselda, Ewel, John J., Fernandes, G. Wilson, Fidelis, Alessandra, Fleischman, Forrest, Good, Stephen P., Griffith, Daniel M., Hermann, Julia-Maria, Hoffmann, William A., Le Stradic, Soizig, Lehmann, Caroline E. R., Mahy, Gregory, Nerlekar, Ashish N., Nippert, Jesse B., Noss, Reed F., Osborne, Colin P., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Parr, Catherine L., Pausas, J. G., Pennington, R. Toby, Perring, Michael P., Putz, Francis E., Ratnam, Jayashree, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schmidt, Isabel B., Schmitt, Christine B., Silveira, Fernando A. O., Staver, A. Carla, Stevens, Nicola, Still, Christopher J., Strömberg, Caroline A. E., Temperton, Vicky M., Varner, J. Morgan, Zaloumis, Nicholas P., Swiss National Science Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), National Science Foundation (US), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Minas Gerais, Royal Society (UK), German Research Foundation, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Pausas, J. G. [0000-0003-3533-5786], Veldman, Joseph W., Aleman, Julie C., Alvarado, Swanni T., Anderson, Michael T., Archibald, Sally, Bond, W. J., Boutton, Thomas W., Buchmann, Nina, Buisson, Elise, Canadell, Josep G., de Sá Dechoum, Michele, Diaz-Toribio, Milton H., Durigan, Giselda, Ewel, John J., Fernandes, G. Wilson, Fidelis, Alessandra, Fleischman, Forrest, Good, Stephen P., Griffith, Daniel M., Hermann, Julia-Maria, Hoffmann, William A., Le Stradic, Soizig, Lehmann, Caroline E. R., Mahy, Gregory, Nerlekar, Ashish N., Nippert, Jesse B., Noss, Reed F., Osborne, Colin P., Overbeck, Gerhard E., Parr, Catherine L., Pausas, J. G., Pennington, R. Toby, Perring, Michael P., Putz, Francis E., Ratnam, Jayashree, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schmidt, Isabel B., Schmitt, Christine B., Silveira, Fernando A. O., Staver, A. Carla, Stevens, Nicola, Still, Christopher J., Strömberg, Caroline A. E., Temperton, Vicky M., Varner, J. Morgan, and Zaloumis, Nicholas P.
Abstract: Bastin et al.’s estimate (Reports, 5 July 2019, p. 76) that tree planting for climate change mitigation could sequester 205 gigatonnes of carbon is approximately five times too large. Their analysis inflated soil organic carbon gains, failed to safeguard against warming from trees at high latitudes and elevations, and considered afforestation of savannas, grasslands, and shrublands to be restoration.
Published: 2019

24. The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Author: Barlow, Jos, Franca, Filipe, Gardner, Toby A., Hicks, Christina C., Lennox, Gareth D., Berenguer, Erika, Castello, Leandro, Economo, Evan P., Ferreira, Joice, Guenard, Benoit, Leal, Cecilia Gontijo, Isaac, Victoria, Lees, Alexander C., Parr, Catherine L., Wilson, Shaun K., Young, Paul J., Graham, Nicholas A. J., Barlow, Jos, Franca, Filipe, Gardner, Toby A., Hicks, Christina C., Lennox, Gareth D., Berenguer, Erika, Castello, Leandro, Economo, Evan P., Ferreira, Joice, Guenard, Benoit, Leal, Cecilia Gontijo, Isaac, Victoria, Lees, Alexander C., Parr, Catherine L., Wilson, Shaun K., Young, Paul J., and Graham, Nicholas A. J.
Abstract: The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth's biodiversity: their terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including almost all shallow-water corals and over 90% of terrestrial birds. However, tropical ecosystems are also subject to pervasive and interacting stressors, such as deforestation, overfishing and climate change, and they are set within a socio-economic context that includes growing pressure from an increasingly globalized world, larger and more affluent tropical populations, and weak governance and response capacities. Concerted local, national and international actions are urgently required to prevent a collapse of tropical biodiversity.
Published: 2018

25. The future of hyperdiverse tropical ecosystems

Author: Barlow, Jos, Franca, Filipe, Gardner, Toby A., Hicks, Christina C., Lennox, Gareth D., Berenguer, Erika, Castello, Leandro, Economo, Evan P., Ferreira, Joice, Guenard, Benoit, Leal, Cecilia Gontijo, Isaac, Victoria, Lees, Alexander C., Parr, Catherine L., Wilson, Shaun K., Young, Paul J., Graham, Nicholas A. J., Barlow, Jos, Franca, Filipe, Gardner, Toby A., Hicks, Christina C., Lennox, Gareth D., Berenguer, Erika, Castello, Leandro, Economo, Evan P., Ferreira, Joice, Guenard, Benoit, Leal, Cecilia Gontijo, Isaac, Victoria, Lees, Alexander C., Parr, Catherine L., Wilson, Shaun K., Young, Paul J., and Graham, Nicholas A. J.
Abstract: The tropics contain the overwhelming majority of Earth's biodiversity: their terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems hold more than three-quarters of all species, including almost all shallow-water corals and over 90% of terrestrial birds. However, tropical ecosystems are also subject to pervasive and interacting stressors, such as deforestation, overfishing and climate change, and they are set within a socio-economic context that includes growing pressure from an increasingly globalized world, larger and more affluent tropical populations, and weak governance and response capacities. Concerted local, national and international actions are urgently required to prevent a collapse of tropical biodiversity.
Published: 2018

26. Towards an understanding of the evolutionary role of fire in animals

Author: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Pausas, J. G. [0000-0003-3533-5786], Pausas, J. G., Parr, Catherine L., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat Valenciana, Pausas, J. G. [0000-0003-3533-5786], Pausas, J. G., and Parr, Catherine L.
Abstract: Wildfires underpin the dynamics and diversity of many ecosystems worldwide, and plants show a plethora of adaptive traits for persisting recurrent fires. Many fire-prone ecosystems also harbor a rich fauna; however, knowledge about adaptive traits to fire in animals remains poorly explored. We review existing literature and suggest that fire is an important evolutionary driver for animal diversity because (1) many animals are present in fire-prone landscapes and may have structural and phenotypic characters that contribute to adaptation to these open landscapes; and (2) in some cases, animals from fire-prone ecosystems may show specific fire adaptations. While there is limited evidence on morphological fire adaptations in animals, there is evidence suggesting that different behaviors might provide a rich source of putative fire adaptations; this is because, in contrast to plants, most animals are mobile, unitary organisms, have reduced survival when directly burnt by fire and can move away from the fire. We call for research on fire adaptations (morphological, behavioral, and physiological) in animals, and emphasize that in the animal kingdom many fire adaptations are likely to be behavioral. While it may be difficult to discern these adaptations from other animal behaviors, making this distinction is fundamental if we want to understand the role of fire in shaping biodiversity. Developing this understanding is critical to how we view and manage our ecosystems in the face of current global and fire regime changes.
Published: 2018

27. A global database of ant species abundances.

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Dunn, Rob R, Sanders, Nathan J, Grossman, Blair F, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Agosti, Donat, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphaël, Brühl, Carsten, Castracani, Cristina, Cerda, Xim, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Ellison, Aaron M, Enriquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fisher, Brian L, Fisher, Robert N, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Gotelli, Nicholas J, Gove, Aaron, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Guenard, Benoit, Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin, Janda, Milan, Jenkins, Clinton, Kaspari, Michael, Klimes, Petr, Lach, Lori, Laeger, Thomas, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Luke, Sarah H, Majer, Jonathan, McGlynn, Terrence P, Menke, Sean, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Moses, Jimmy, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Pacheco, Renata, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, Resasco, Julian, Retana, Javier, Silva, Rogerio R, Sorger, Magdalena D, Souza, Jorge, Suarez, Andrew, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Weiser, Michael D, Yates, Michelle, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Dunn, Rob R, Sanders, Nathan J, Grossman, Blair F, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Agosti, Donat, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphaël, Brühl, Carsten, Castracani, Cristina, Cerda, Xim, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Ellison, Aaron M, Enriquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fisher, Brian L, Fisher, Robert N, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Gotelli, Nicholas J, Gove, Aaron, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Guenard, Benoit, Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin, Janda, Milan, Jenkins, Clinton, Kaspari, Michael, Klimes, Petr, Lach, Lori, Laeger, Thomas, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Luke, Sarah H, Majer, Jonathan, McGlynn, Terrence P, Menke, Sean, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Moses, Jimmy, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Pacheco, Renata, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, Resasco, Julian, Retana, Javier, Silva, Rogerio R, Sorger, Magdalena D, Souza, Jorge, Suarez, Andrew, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Weiser, Michael D, Yates, Michelle, and Parr, Catherine L
Abstract: What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51 ,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo-referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large-scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set.
Published: 2017

28. A global database of ant species abundances.

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Dunn, Rob R, Sanders, Nathan J, Grossman, Blair F, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Agosti, Donat, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphaël, Brühl, Carsten, Castracani, Cristina, Cerda, Xim, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Ellison, Aaron M, Enriquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fisher, Brian L, Fisher, Robert N, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Gotelli, Nicholas J, Gove, Aaron, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Guenard, Benoit, Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin, Janda, Milan, Jenkins, Clinton, Kaspari, Michael, Klimes, Petr, Lach, Lori, Laeger, Thomas, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Luke, Sarah H, Majer, Jonathan, McGlynn, Terrence P, Menke, Sean, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Moses, Jimmy, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Pacheco, Renata, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, Resasco, Julian, Retana, Javier, Silva, Rogerio R, Sorger, Magdalena D, Souza, Jorge, Suarez, Andrew, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Weiser, Michael D, Yates, Michelle, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Dunn, Rob R, Sanders, Nathan J, Grossman, Blair F, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Agosti, Donat, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphaël, Brühl, Carsten, Castracani, Cristina, Cerda, Xim, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Ellison, Aaron M, Enriquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fisher, Brian L, Fisher, Robert N, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Gotelli, Nicholas J, Gove, Aaron, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Guenard, Benoit, Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin, Janda, Milan, Jenkins, Clinton, Kaspari, Michael, Klimes, Petr, Lach, Lori, Laeger, Thomas, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Luke, Sarah H, Majer, Jonathan, McGlynn, Terrence P, Menke, Sean, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Moses, Jimmy, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Pacheco, Renata, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, Resasco, Julian, Retana, Javier, Silva, Rogerio R, Sorger, Magdalena D, Souza, Jorge, Suarez, Andrew, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Weiser, Michael D, Yates, Michelle, and Parr, Catherine L
Abstract: What forces structure ecological assemblages? A key limitation to general insights about assemblage structure is the availability of data that are collected at a small spatial grain (local assemblages) and a large spatial extent (global coverage). Here, we present published and unpublished data from 51 ,388 ant abundance and occurrence records of more than 2,693 species and 7,953 morphospecies from local assemblages collected at 4,212 locations around the world. Ants were selected because they are diverse and abundant globally, comprise a large fraction of animal biomass in most terrestrial communities, and are key contributors to a range of ecosystem functions. Data were collected between 1949 and 2014, and include, for each geo-referenced sampling site, both the identity of the ants collected and details of sampling design, habitat type, and degree of disturbance. The aim of compiling this data set was to provide comprehensive species abundance data in order to test relationships between assemblage structure and environmental and biogeographic factors. Data were collected using a variety of standardized methods, such as pitfall and Winkler traps, and will be valuable for studies investigating large-scale forces structuring local assemblages. Understanding such relationships is particularly critical under current rates of global change. We encourage authors holding additional data on systematically collected ant assemblages, especially those in dry and cold, and remote areas, to contact us and contribute their data to this growing data set.
Published: 2017

29. GlobalAnts:a new database on the geography of ant traits (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Author: Parr, Catherine L., Dunn, Robert Roberdeau, Sanders, Nate, Weiser, Michael D., Photakis, Manoli, Bishop, Tom R., Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio, Brandao, Carlos R. F., Chick, Lacy, Donoso, David A., Fayle, Tom M., Gomez, Crisanto, Grossman, Blair, Munyai, Thinandavha C., Pacheco, Renata, Retana, Javier, Robinson, Andrew, Sagata, Katayo, Silva, Rogerio R., Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo, Yates, Michelle, Gibb, Heloise, Parr, Catherine L., Dunn, Robert Roberdeau, Sanders, Nate, Weiser, Michael D., Photakis, Manoli, Bishop, Tom R., Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio, Brandao, Carlos R. F., Chick, Lacy, Donoso, David A., Fayle, Tom M., Gomez, Crisanto, Grossman, Blair, Munyai, Thinandavha C., Pacheco, Renata, Retana, Javier, Robinson, Andrew, Sagata, Katayo, Silva, Rogerio R., Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo, Yates, Michelle, and Gibb, Heloise
Published: 2017

30. A global database of ant species abundances

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Dunn, Robert Roberdeau, Sanders, Nate, Grossman, Blair F., Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Agosti, Donat, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B., Bishop, Tom R., Boulay, Raphael, Bruehl, Carsten, Castracani, Cristina, Cerda, Xim, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A., Ellison, Aaron M., Enríquez, Martha L., Fayle, Tom M., Feener, Donald H., Jr., Fisher, Brian L, Fisher, Robert N, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Gómez, Crisanto, Gotelli, Nicholas J., Gove, Aaron D, Grasso, Donato A., Groc, Sarah, Guénard, Benoit, Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin, Janda, Milan, Jenkins, Clinton, Kaspari, Michael, Klimes, Petr, Lach, Lori, Laeger, Thomas, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Luke, Sarah H., Majer, Jonathan D, McGlynn, Terrence P, Menke, Sean, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Moses, Jimmy, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Pacheco, Renata, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M., Resasco, Julian, Retana, Javier, Silva, Rogerio R., Sorger, Magdalena D, Souza, Jorge, Suarez, Andrew V, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Weiser, Michael D., Yates, Michelle, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Dunn, Robert Roberdeau, Sanders, Nate, Grossman, Blair F., Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Agosti, Donat, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B., Bishop, Tom R., Boulay, Raphael, Bruehl, Carsten, Castracani, Cristina, Cerda, Xim, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A., Ellison, Aaron M., Enríquez, Martha L., Fayle, Tom M., Feener, Donald H., Jr., Fisher, Brian L, Fisher, Robert N, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Gómez, Crisanto, Gotelli, Nicholas J., Gove, Aaron D, Grasso, Donato A., Groc, Sarah, Guénard, Benoit, Gunawardene, Nihara, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin, Janda, Milan, Jenkins, Clinton, Kaspari, Michael, Klimes, Petr, Lach, Lori, Laeger, Thomas, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Luke, Sarah H., Majer, Jonathan D, McGlynn, Terrence P, Menke, Sean, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Moses, Jimmy, Munyai, Thinandavha Caswell, Pacheco, Renata, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M., Resasco, Julian, Retana, Javier, Silva, Rogerio R., Sorger, Magdalena D, Souza, Jorge, Suarez, Andrew V, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Weiser, Michael D., Yates, Michelle, and Parr, Catherine L
Published: 2017

31. Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure.

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Sanders, Nathan J, Dunn, Robert R, Watson, Simon, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphael, Castracani, Cristina, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Enríquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin D, Lach, Lori, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Majer, Jonathan, Menke, Sean B, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Munyai, Thinandavha C, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, de Souza, Jorge LP, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Sanders, Nathan J, Dunn, Robert R, Watson, Simon, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphael, Castracani, Cristina, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Enríquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin D, Lach, Lori, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Majer, Jonathan, Menke, Sean B, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Munyai, Thinandavha C, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, de Souza, Jorge LP, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, and Parr, Catherine L
Abstract: Many studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on biological assemblages, yet little is known about how climate interacts with other major anthropogenic influences on biodiversity, such as habitat disturbance. Using a unique global database of 1128 local ant assemblages, we examined whether climate mediates the effects of habitat disturbance on assemblage structure at a global scale. Species richness and evenness were associated positively with temperature, and negatively with disturbance. However, the interaction among temperature, precipitation and disturbance shaped species richness and evenness. The effect was manifested through a failure of species richness to increase substantially with temperature in transformed habitats at low precipitation. At low precipitation levels, evenness increased with temperature in undisturbed sites, peaked at medium temperatures in disturbed sites and remained low in transformed sites. In warmer climates with lower rainfall, the effects of increasing disturbance on species richness and evenness were akin to decreases in temperature of up to 9°C. Anthropogenic disturbance and ongoing climate change may interact in complicated ways to shape the structure of assemblages, with hot, arid environments likely to be at greatest risk.
Published: 2015

32. Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure.

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Sanders, Nathan J, Dunn, Robert R, Watson, Simon, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphael, Castracani, Cristina, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Enríquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin D, Lach, Lori, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Majer, Jonathan, Menke, Sean B, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Munyai, Thinandavha C, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, de Souza, Jorge LP, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, Parr, Catherine L, Gibb, Heloise, Gibb, Heloise, Sanders, Nathan J, Dunn, Robert R, Watson, Simon, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Andersen, Alan N, Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B, Bishop, Tom R, Boulay, Raphael, Castracani, Cristina, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A, Enríquez, Martha L, Fayle, Tom M, Feener, Donald H, Fitzpatrick, Matthew C, Gómez, Crisanto, Grasso, Donato A, Groc, Sarah, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin D, Lach, Lori, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Majer, Jonathan, Menke, Sean B, Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Munyai, Thinandavha C, Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M, de Souza, Jorge LP, Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L, Vonshak, Merav, and Parr, Catherine L
Abstract: Many studies have focused on the impacts of climate change on biological assemblages, yet little is known about how climate interacts with other major anthropogenic influences on biodiversity, such as habitat disturbance. Using a unique global database of 1128 local ant assemblages, we examined whether climate mediates the effects of habitat disturbance on assemblage structure at a global scale. Species richness and evenness were associated positively with temperature, and negatively with disturbance. However, the interaction among temperature, precipitation and disturbance shaped species richness and evenness. The effect was manifested through a failure of species richness to increase substantially with temperature in transformed habitats at low precipitation. At low precipitation levels, evenness increased with temperature in undisturbed sites, peaked at medium temperatures in disturbed sites and remained low in transformed sites. In warmer climates with lower rainfall, the effects of increasing disturbance on species richness and evenness were akin to decreases in temperature of up to 9°C. Anthropogenic disturbance and ongoing climate change may interact in complicated ways to shape the structure of assemblages, with hot, arid environments likely to be at greatest risk.
Published: 2015

33. Describing termite assemblage structure in a Peruvian lowland tropical rain forest: a comparison of two alternative methods

Author: Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Meir, Patrick, Eggleton, Paul, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Meir, Patrick, and Eggleton, Paul
Abstract: Termites are frequently dominant invertebrate decomposers and bioturbators in lowland tropical forests and therefore strongly influence ecosystem processes favouring soil stability, porosity and nutrient retention. In this study, we provide the first spatially replicated dataset on termite assemblage composition, abundance and biomass in a Peruvian rainforest by sampling six separate plots. In addition, two alternative sampling methods (transect method-TM and quadrat method-QM), providing termite species density data, were compared among the plots. The relationships between a range of environmental and spatial variables and species composition were examined using canonical correspondence analysis variation partitioning. We found that the TM captured a higher proportion of the known species in the site (82 %) compared with the QM (66 %). In addition, 56 % of the species sampled by TM were common between the plots while only 18 % of species overlapped using the QM. The QM may therefore potentially have undersampled the species pool. Environmental variables were shown to explain a larger proportion of the species patterns than the spatial variables with elevation, soil temperature and distance to the river being the most important. We discuss the impacts of the environmental and spatial variables on termite species composition.
Published: 2015

34. Density-body mass relationships: Inconsistent intercontinental patterns among termite feeding-groups

Author: Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Meir, Patrick, Rahman, Homathevi, Eggleton, Paul, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Meir, Patrick, Rahman, Homathevi, and Eggleton, Paul
Abstract: Allometric relationships are useful for estimating and understanding resource distribution in assemblages with species of different masses. Damuth's law states that body mass scales with population density as M-0.75, where M is body mass and-0.75 is the slope. In this study we used Damuth's law (M-0.75) as a null hypothesis to examine the relationship between body mass and population density for termite feeding-groups in three different countries and regions (Cameroon, West Africa; Peru South America; and Malaysia SE Asia). We found that none of the feeding-groups had a relationship where M-0.75 while the data suggested that population density-body mass relationships for true soil-feeding termites in Cameroon (M2.7) and wood-feeding termites in Peru (M1.5) were significantly different from the expected values given by Damuth's law. The dominance of large-bodied true soil-feeding termites in Cameroon and the absence of fungus-growing termites from Peru suggest that these allometric patterns are due to heterogeneities in termite biogeographical evolution. Additionally, as these feeding-groups have higher population density than expected by their body masses it may be suggested that they also have a higher energy throughput than expected. The results presented here may be used to gain further understanding of resource distribution among termite feeding-groups across regions and an insight into the importance of evolutionary history and biogeography on allometric patterns. Further understanding of population density-body mass relationships in termite feeding-groups may also improve understanding of the role these feeding-groups play in ecosystem processes in different regions.
Published: 2015

35. Savanna ant species richness is maintained along a bioclimatic gradient of increasing latitude and decreasing rainfall in northern Australia

Author: Andersen, Alan N., Del Toro, Israel, Parr, Catherine L., Andersen, Alan N., Del Toro, Israel, and Parr, Catherine L.
Abstract: Aim: Using a standardized sampling protocol along a 600-km transect in northern Australia, we tested whether ant diversity within a single biome, tropical savanna, decreases with increasing latitude (as a surrogate of temperature) and decreasing rainfall, as is expected for biodiversity in general. Location: Northern Australia. Methods: Ants were sampled using pitfall traps on three occasions at 1-ha sand, loam and clay sites at each of five locations along the Northern Australian Tropical Transect (NATT), from 12°50′ S (1400 mm mean annual rainfall) to 17°21′ S (650 mm). Results: We recorded a total of 246 species from 37 genera. Mean observed species richness pooled across sampling periods was similar at sand (85.4) and loam (82.2) sites, but was less than half this at clay sites (40.0). Ant communities were also compositionally distinct on clay soils compared with sands and loams. Individual genera showed variable diversity patterns, ranging from a linear increase to a linear decrease in species richness along the NATT. However, total species richness was relatively uniform along the gradient. Patterns of ant species turnover were consistent with previously recognized biogeographical boundaries, with a primary disjunction between the arid and monsoonal zones in the south, and a secondary disjunction between the semi-arid and mesic zones in the north. Main conclusions: Patterns of ant diversity in Australian savannas do not conform to global patterns of biodiversity declines with increasing latitude and decreasing rainfall. We believe this is due to a lack of significant temperature change across the latitudinal gradient, and, in particular, to the fauna's evolutionary history in association with aridification, which makes it unusually resilient to increasing aridity. The diversity of other important faunal groups such as termites and lizards is also exceptionally high in arid Australia and is likewise not closely linked to rainfall in Australian savannas. We p
Published: 2015

36. Climate mediates the effects of disturbance on ant assemblage structure

Author: Gibb, Heloise, Sanders, Nate, Dunn, Robert R., Watson, Simon, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Andersen, Alan N., Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B., Bishop, Tom R., Boulay, Raphael, Castracani, Cristina, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A., Enríquez, Martha L., Fayle, Tom M., Feener, Donald H., Jr., Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Gómez, Crisanto, Grasso, Donato A., Groc, Sarah, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin D., Lach, Lori, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Majer, Jonathan, Menke, Sean B., Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Munyai, Thinandavha C., Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M., de Souza, Jorge L. P., Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vonshak, Merav, Parr, Catherine L., Gibb, Heloise, Sanders, Nate, Dunn, Robert R., Watson, Simon, Photakis, Manoli, Abril, Silvia, Andersen, Alan N., Angulo, Elena, Armbrecht, Inge, Arnan, Xavier, Baccaro, Fabricio B., Bishop, Tom R., Boulay, Raphael, Castracani, Cristina, Del Toro, Israel, Delsinne, Thibaut, Diaz, Mireia, Donoso, David A., Enríquez, Martha L., Fayle, Tom M., Feener, Donald H., Jr., Fitzpatrick, Matthew C., Gómez, Crisanto, Grasso, Donato A., Groc, Sarah, Heterick, Brian, Hoffmann, Benjamin D., Lach, Lori, Lattke, John, Leponce, Maurice, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, Longino, John, Lucky, Andrea, Majer, Jonathan, Menke, Sean B., Mezger, Dirk, Mori, Alessandra, Munyai, Thinandavha C., Paknia, Omid, Pearce-Duvet, Jessica, Pfeiffer, Martin, Philpott, Stacy M., de Souza, Jorge L. P., Tista, Melanie, Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Vonshak, Merav, and Parr, Catherine L.
Published: 2015

37. Burning for biodiversity: highly resilient ant communities respond only to strongly contrasting fire regimes in Australia's seasonal tropics

Author: Andersen, Alan N., Ribbons, Relena R., Pettit, Magen, Parr, Catherine L., Andersen, Alan N., Ribbons, Relena R., Pettit, Magen, and Parr, Catherine L.
Abstract: According to the pyrodiversity paradigm, a wide range of fire regimes is required to maintain biodiversity in fire-prone landscapes. However, the requisite level of pyrodiversity has seldom been tested and may actually be very low. Here, we examine the sensitivity of tropical savanna ants to variation in fire regimes using results from a long-term fire experiment near Darwin, Australia. Six experimental fire regimes, with varying fire frequency and seasonality, have been applied to 18 one-ha plots in three replicated blocks since 2004, with ants sampled prior to experimental burning and then annually after up to 2009. Our primary focus is on the extent to which different patterns of ant richness and composition are associated with each of the six treatment regimes, or whether there is such high overlap that differences only become apparent when experimental treatments are grouped to provide strongly contrasting fire regimes. When treating each of the six fire treatments separately, we were unable to detect a significant influence of fire on any ant community response variable. We were only able to detect significant ant responses when we grouped the experimental treatments into two contrasting fire frequency classes, low (burnt at most once over the 5 years) vs. high (burnt every 1 or 2 years). Even then, these responses were only evident after 3 years of fire treatment. Our findings demonstrate that ant communities have very high resilience in relation to fire, with differences evident only between strongly contrasting regimes. Such resilience appears to be characteristic of savanna ants throughout the world. Synthesis and applications. A large range of finely tuned fire regimes is unlikely to promote regional ant diversity. Rather, only very limited pyrodiversity (a combination of frequently and infrequently burnt areas) would appear to be sufficient for maintaining diversity at a landscape scale. It is important that fire management for biodiversity conservation
Published: 2014

38. Termites promote soil carbon and nitrogen depletion: Results from an in situ macrofauna exclusion experiment, Peru

Author: Dahlsjo, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Meir, Patrick, Chevarria, Omayra V.C., Eggleton, Paul, Dahlsjo, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Meir, Patrick, Chevarria, Omayra V.C., and Eggleton, Paul
Abstract: We present results from one of the first in situ soil termite exclusion experiments using translocated soil that was not colonised by termites prior to the experiment. Macrofauna were excluded or included using fine (0.3mm) and coarse (5mm) mesh, respectively. We found that termites were the most dominant macrofauna in the macrofauna-included samples throughout the sampling period. Additionally, C and N depletion rates were consistently higher in samples with macrofauna than without macrofauna despite the seasonal decline of termites at the start of the wet season. This suggests that the presence of termites in soil promotes C and N depletion that may be linked to the passage of soil through the termite gut and the affect termites have on bioturbation and nutrient distribution.
Published: 2014

39. First comparison of quantitative estimates of termite biomass and abundance reveals strong intercontinental differences

Author: Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Rahman, Homathevi, Meir, Patrick, Jones, David T, Eggleton, Paul, Dahlsjö, Cecilia A.L., Parr, Catherine L, Malhi, Yadvinder, Rahman, Homathevi, Meir, Patrick, Jones, David T, and Eggleton, Paul
Abstract: Termite species and functional groups differ among regions globally (the functional-diversity anomaly). Here we investigate whether similar differences in biomass and abundance of termites occur among continents. Biomass and abundance data were collected
Published: 2014

40. Global diversity in light of climate change:the case of ants.

Author: Jenkins, CN, Sanders, Nate, Andersen, AN, Arnan, X, Bruhl, CA, Cerda, X, Ellison, AM, Fisher, BL, Fitzpatrick, MC, Gotelli, NJ, Gove, AD, Guenard, B, Lattke, JE, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, McGlynn, Terrence P., Menke, Sean B., Parr, Catherine L., Philpott, Stacy M., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Weiser, Michael D., Dunn, Robert R., Jenkins, CN, Sanders, Nate, Andersen, AN, Arnan, X, Bruhl, CA, Cerda, X, Ellison, AM, Fisher, BL, Fitzpatrick, MC, Gotelli, NJ, Gove, AD, Guenard, B, Lattke, JE, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, McGlynn, Terrence P., Menke, Sean B., Parr, Catherine L., Philpott, Stacy M., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Weiser, Michael D., and Dunn, Robert R.
Published: 2011

41. Global diversity in light of climate change:the case of ants.

Author: Jenkins, CN, Sanders, Nate, Andersen, AN, Arnan, X, Bruhl, CA, Cerda, X, Ellison, AM, Fisher, BL, Fitzpatrick, MC, Gotelli, NJ, Gove, AD, Guenard, B, Lattke, JE, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, McGlynn, Terrence P., Menke, Sean B., Parr, Catherine L., Philpott, Stacy M., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Weiser, Michael D., Dunn, Robert R., Jenkins, CN, Sanders, Nate, Andersen, AN, Arnan, X, Bruhl, CA, Cerda, X, Ellison, AM, Fisher, BL, Fitzpatrick, MC, Gotelli, NJ, Gove, AD, Guenard, B, Lattke, JE, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, McGlynn, Terrence P., Menke, Sean B., Parr, Catherine L., Philpott, Stacy M., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Weiser, Michael D., and Dunn, Robert R.
Published: 2011

42. Global diversity in light of climate change:the case of ants.

Author: Jenkins, CN, Sanders, Nate, Andersen, AN, Arnan, X, Bruhl, CA, Cerda, X, Ellison, AM, Fisher, BL, Fitzpatrick, MC, Gotelli, NJ, Gove, AD, Guenard, B, Lattke, JE, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, McGlynn, Terrence P., Menke, Sean B., Parr, Catherine L., Philpott, Stacy M., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Weiser, Michael D., Dunn, Robert R., Jenkins, CN, Sanders, Nate, Andersen, AN, Arnan, X, Bruhl, CA, Cerda, X, Ellison, AM, Fisher, BL, Fitzpatrick, MC, Gotelli, NJ, Gove, AD, Guenard, B, Lattke, JE, Lessard, Jean-Philippe, McGlynn, Terrence P., Menke, Sean B., Parr, Catherine L., Philpott, Stacy M., Vasconcelos, Heraldo L., Weiser, Michael D., and Dunn, Robert R.
Published: 2011

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