Author: "Paquette A" / Database: OAIster - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Paquette A"' showing total 1,422 results

Start Over Author "Paquette A" Database OAIster

1,422 results on '"Paquette A"'

1. 4+3 Phases of Compute-Optimal Neural Scaling Laws

Author: Paquette, Elliot, Paquette, Courtney, Xiao, Lechao, Pennington, Jeffrey, Paquette, Elliot, Paquette, Courtney, Xiao, Lechao, and Pennington, Jeffrey
Abstract: We consider the three parameter solvable neural scaling model introduced by Maloney, Roberts, and Sully. The model has three parameters: data complexity, target complexity, and model-parameter-count. We use this neural scaling model to derive new predictions about the compute-limited, infinite-data scaling law regime. To train the neural scaling model, we run one-pass stochastic gradient descent on a mean-squared loss. We derive a representation of the loss curves which holds over all iteration counts and improves in accuracy as the model parameter count grows. We then analyze the compute-optimal model-parameter-count, and identify 4 phases (+3 subphases) in the data-complexity/target-complexity phase-plane. The phase boundaries are determined by the relative importance of model capacity, optimizer noise, and embedding of the features. We furthermore derive, with mathematical proof and extensive numerical evidence, the scaling-law exponents in all of these phases, in particular computing the optimal model-parameter-count as a function of floating point operation budget.
Published: 2024

2. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding

Author: Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R, Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B, Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V, Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I, Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B, Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A, Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C, Parker, John D, Parrotta, John A, Paterno, Gustavo B, Perring, Michael P, Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H, Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Hautier, Yann, Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R, Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B, Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V, Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I, Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B, Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A, Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C, Parker, John D, Parrotta, John A, Paterno, Gustavo B, Perring, Michael P, Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H, Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, and Hautier, Yann
Abstract: Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
Published: 2024

3. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, Iris, Hordijk, Iris, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C, Steege, Hans ter, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Gamarra, Javier GP, Chen, Han YH, Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C Adou, Zambrano, Angelica M Almeyda, Alvarado, Braulio V, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clar, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Hordijk, Iris, Hordijk, Iris, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C, Steege, Hans ter, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Gamarra, Javier GP, Chen, Han YH, Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C Adou, Zambrano, Angelica M Almeyda, Alvarado, Braulio V, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clar, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan
Abstract: Aim: Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?. Location: Global. Time period: 1990–2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results: Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions: By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results sug
Published: 2024

4. Association of glycaemic index and glycaemic load with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of mega cohorts of more than 100000 participants

Author: Jenkins, David J. A., Willett, Walter C., Yusuf, Salim, Hu, Frank B., Glenn, Andrea J., Liu, Simin, Mente, Andrew, Miller, Victoria, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Sieri, Sabina, Ferrari, Pietro, Patel, Alpa, McCullough, Marjorie L., Le Marchand, Loic, Freedman, Neal D., Loftfield, Erikka, Sinha, Rashmi, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Touvier, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Tsugane, Shoichiro, van den Brandt, Piet A., Shuval, Kerem, Khan, Tauseef Ahmad, Paquette, Melanie, Sahye-Pudaruth, Sandhya, Patel, Darshna, Siu, Teenie Fei Yi, Srichaikul, Korbua, Kendall, Cyril W. C., Sievenpiper, John L., Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre Collaborators, Jenkins, David J. A., Willett, Walter C., Yusuf, Salim, Hu, Frank B., Glenn, Andrea J., Liu, Simin, Mente, Andrew, Miller, Victoria, Bangdiwala, Shrikant, Gerstein, Hertzel C., Sieri, Sabina, Ferrari, Pietro, Patel, Alpa, McCullough, Marjorie L., Le Marchand, Loic, Freedman, Neal D., Loftfield, Erikka, Sinha, Rashmi, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Touvier, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Tsugane, Shoichiro, van den Brandt, Piet A., Shuval, Kerem, Khan, Tauseef Ahmad, Paquette, Melanie, Sahye-Pudaruth, Sandhya, Patel, Darshna, Siu, Teenie Fei Yi, Srichaikul, Korbua, Kendall, Cyril W. C., Sievenpiper, John L., and Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Centre Collaborators
Abstract: Background: There is debate over whether the glycaemic index of foods relates to chronic disease. We aimed to assess the associations between glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, diabetes-related cancers, and all-cause mortality. Methods: We did a meta-analysis of large cohorts (≥100 000 participants) identified from the Richard Doll Consortium. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus for cohorts that prospectively examined associations between GI or GL and chronic disease outcomes published from database inception to Aug 4, 2023. Full-article review and extraction of summary estimates data were conducted by three independent reviewers. Primary outcomes were incident type 2 diabetes, total cardiovascular disease (including mortality), diabetes-related cancers (ie, bladder, breast, colorectal, endometrial, hepatic, pancreatic, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma), and all-cause mortality. We assessed comparisons between the lowest and highest quantiles of GI and GL, adjusting for dietary factors, and pooling their most adjusted relative risk (RR) estimates using a fixed-effects model. We also assessed associations between diets high in fibre and whole grains and the four main outcomes. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023394689. Findings: From ten prospective large cohorts (six from the USA, one from Europe, two from Asia, and one international), we identified a total of 48 studies reporting associations between GI or GL and the outcomes of interest: 34 (71%) on various cancers, nine (19%) on cardiovascular disease, five (10%) on type 2 diabetes, and three (6%) on all-cause mortality. Consumption of high GI foods was associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes (RR 1·27 [95% CI 1·21–1·34]; p<0·0001), total cardiovascular disease (1·15 [1·11–1·19]; p<0·0001), diabetes-related cancer (1·05 [1·02–1·08]; p=0·0010), and all-cause mortality (1·0
Published: 2024

5. Mycorrhizal associations modify tree diversity-productivity relationships across experimental tree plantations

Author: Luo, Shan, Schmid, Bernhard, Hector, Andy, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Juergen, Beyer, Friderike, Bruelheide, Helge, Ferlian, Olga, Godbold, Douglas Lawrence, Hall, Jefferson S., Hajek, Peter, Huang, Yuanyuan, Hölscher, Dirk, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Messier, Christian, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Sandén, Hans, Sinacore, Katherine, Stefanski, Artur, Williams, Laura, Eisenhauer, Nico, Luo, Shan, Schmid, Bernhard, Hector, Andy, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Juergen, Beyer, Friderike, Bruelheide, Helge, Ferlian, Olga, Godbold, Douglas Lawrence, Hall, Jefferson S., Hajek, Peter, Huang, Yuanyuan, Hölscher, Dirk, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Messier, Christian, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Sandén, Hans, Sinacore, Katherine, Stefanski, Artur, Williams, Laura, and Eisenhauer, Nico
Abstract: Decades of studies have demonstrated links between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet the generality of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially for forest ecosystems. Using 11 tree-diversity experiments, we tested tree species richness-community productivity relationships and the role of arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal-associated tree species in these relationships. Tree species richness had a positive effect on community productivity across experiments, modified by the diversity of tree mycorrhizal associations. In communities with both AM and ECM trees, species richness showed positive effects on community productivity, which could have resulted from complementarity between AM and ECM trees. Moreover, both AM and ECM trees were more productive in mixed communities with both AM and ECM trees than in communities assembled by their own mycorrhizal type of trees. In communities containing only ECM trees, species richness had a significant positive effect on productivity, whereas species richness did not show any significant effects on productivity in communities containing only AM trees. Our study provides novel explanations for variations in diversity-productivity relationships by suggesting that tree-mycorrhiza interactions can shape productivity in mixed-species forest ecosystems.
Published: 2024

6. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author: Zou, Yibiao, Zohner, Constantin M., Averill, Colin, Ma, Haozhi, Merder, Julian, Berdugo, Miguel, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Mo, Lidong, Brun, Philipp, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Reich, Peter B., Niinements, Ulo, Dahlgren, Jonas, Kändler, Gerald, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, de Zavala, Miguel Angel, Crowther, Thomas W., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y.H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Iêda, Amaral, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Kucher, Dmitry, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T.F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D.A., Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., Zou, Yibiao, Zohner, Constantin M., Averill, Colin, Ma, Haozhi, Merder, Julian, Berdugo, Miguel, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Mo, Lidong, Brun, Philipp, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Reich, Peter B., Niinements, Ulo, Dahlgren, Jonas, Kändler, Gerald, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, de Zavala, Miguel Angel, Crowther, Thomas W., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y.H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Iêda, Amaral, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Kucher, Dmitry, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T.F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D.A., Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, and Zo-Bi, Irie C.
Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
Published: 2024

7. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe : Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, Iris, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C., ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B., de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Chen, Han Y.H., Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K., Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio V., Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L., Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Clar, David B., Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, Jose J., Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Ferreira, Leandro V., Feldpausch, Ted R., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy, Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia, Maitner, Brian, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew Robert, Martin, Emanuel, Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa, Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, Maria G., Neill, David, Neldner, Victor, Nevenic, Radovan, Ngugi, Michael, Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena, Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa, Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Polo, Irina, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Silva-Espejo, Javier, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svenning, Jens Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter, Usoltsev, Vladimir, Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, Van Nuland, Michael E., Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua Feng, Watson, James, Werner, Gijsbert D.A., Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderick, Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir, Maynard, Daniel S., Crowther, Thomas W., Hordijk, Iris, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C., ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B., de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Chen, Han Y.H., Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K., Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio V., Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L., Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Clar, David B., Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, Jose J., Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Ferreira, Leandro V., Feldpausch, Ted R., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy, Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia, Maitner, Brian, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew Robert, Martin, Emanuel, Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa, Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, Maria G., Neill, David, Neldner, Victor, Nevenic, Radovan, Ngugi, Michael, Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena, Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa, Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Polo, Irina, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Arevalo, Freddy Ramirez, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly, Silva-Espejo, Javier, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svenning, Jens Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter, Usoltsev, Vladimir, Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, Van Nuland, Michael E., Martinez, Rodolfo Vasquez, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua Feng, Watson, James, Werner, Gijsbert D.A., Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderick, Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie Casimir, Maynard, Daniel S., and Crowther, Thomas W.
Abstract: Aim: Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?. Location: Global. Time period: 1990–2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results: Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions: By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results sug
Published: 2024

8. Scattering off of Twistorial Line Defects

Author: Garner, Niklas, Paquette, Natalie M., Garner, Niklas, and Paquette, Natalie M.
Abstract: The recently devised chiral algebra bootstrap computes the form factors of a special class of ``twistorial'' 4d QFTs as correlation functions of the theory's 2d celestial chiral algebra. Examples of twistorial theories include self-dual Yang-Mills theory coupled to special massless matter content, and certain form factors in these theories are equivalent to a subset of MHV amplitudes in massless QCD, coupled to the same matter. In this paper, we extend the chiral algebra bootstrap to include scattering in the presence of charged sources, using a self-dual dyon in a twistorial theory as our main example. Self-dual theories in the presence of such sources lift to holomorphic gauge theories on non-Hausdorff twistor space, and we generalize the Koszul duality construction of Costello and Paquette to this setting. With this approach, we easily reproduce a recent formula of Adamo, Bogna, Mason, and Sharma for $n$-point MHV scattering of gluons off the self-dual dyon., Comment: 33 + 4 pages, no figures. comments welcome!
Published: 2024

9. Twisted holography on AdS$_3 \times S^3 \times K3$ & the planar chiral algebra

Author: Fernández, Víctor E., Paquette, Natalie M., Williams, Brian R., Fernández, Víctor E., Paquette, Natalie M., and Williams, Brian R.
Abstract: In this work, we revisit and elaborate on twisted holography for AdS$_3 \times S^3 \times X$ with $X= T^4$, K3, with a particular focus on K3. We describe the twist of supergravity, identify the corresponding (generalization of) BCOV theory, and enumerate twisted supergravity states. We use this knowledge, and the technique of Koszul duality, to obtain the $N \rightarrow \infty$, or planar, limit of the chiral algebra of the dual CFT. The resulting symmetries are strong enough to fix planar 2 and 3-point functions in the twisted theory or, equivalently, in a 1/4-BPS subsector of the original duality. This technique can in principle be used to compute corrections to the chiral algebra perturbatively in $1/N$., Comment: 90 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

10. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., Crowther, T., Hordijk, I., Bialic‐Murphy, L., Lauber, T., Routh, D., Poorter, L., Rivers, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., Reich, P., de‐Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Gamarra, J., Chen, H., Zhou, M., Wiser, S., Pretzsch, H., Paquette, A., Picard, N., Hérault, B., Bastin, J.-F., Alberti, G., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alvarez‐Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón‐Fernández, C., Araujo‐Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard Corredor, G., Baker, T., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., Cesar, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clar, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral‐Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Iêda, A., Dourdain, A., Dolezal, J., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Ferreira, L., Feldpausch, T., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Herbohn, J., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Cho, H., Ibanez, T., Jung, I., Imai, N., Jagodzinski, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon‐Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Martynenko, O., Meave, J., Melo‐Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Miscicki, S., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava‐Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz‐Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Parada‐Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Arevalo, F., Restrepo‐Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer‐Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra‐Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva‐Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., Van Nuland, M., Martinez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawila‐Niedzwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo‐Bi, I., Maynard, D., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: Aim Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location Global. Time period 1990–2017. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest tha
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author: Hordijk, Iris, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C., Ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B., de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Chen, Han Y. H., Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Herault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean-François, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben North, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Clar, David B., Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, De Gasper, André Luis, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa J., Belarmain Fandohan, Adandé, Fayle, Tom M., Ferreira, Leandro V., Feldpausch, Ted R., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine D., Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten M., Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Jucker, Tommaso, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Latif Khan, Mohammed, Killeen, Timothy J., Seok Kim, Hyun, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia, Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Schwantes Marimon, Beatriz, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew Robert, Martin, Emanuel, Martynenko, Olga V., Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel L., Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr V., Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo Luis, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Dalberg Poulsen, Axel, Poulsen, John R., Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimir, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, et al., Hordijk, Iris, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C., Ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B., de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Chen, Han Y. H., Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Herault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean-François, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Almeyda Zambrano, Angélica María, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Álvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben North, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Clar, David B., Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, De Gasper, André Luis, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa J., Belarmain Fandohan, Adandé, Fayle, Tom M., Ferreira, Leandro V., Feldpausch, Ted R., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine D., Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten M., Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Jucker, Tommaso, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Latif Khan, Mohammed, Killeen, Timothy J., Seok Kim, Hyun, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia, Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Schwantes Marimon, Beatriz, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew Robert, Martin, Emanuel, Martynenko, Olga V., Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel L., Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr V., Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo Luis, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Dalberg Poulsen, Axel, Poulsen, John R., Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimir, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, and et al.
Abstract: Aim: Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species? Location: Global. Time period: 1990–2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results: Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions: By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results sugg
Published: 2024

12. Project Management for Cultural Events: Towards a Systemic Approach

Author: Amidei, A, Argano, L, Austin, J, Bérubé J, Borrup T, Burri M, Callander, A, Carlucci, D, Caust, J, Chiaravalloti, F, Coraiola, D, Cuadrado-García, M, C. Cuyler, A.C, Paola Dubini, P, Ian Fillis, I, Quanice Floyd, Q, Flys, E. SV, Ian Fraser, I, Goodwin, K, Goyes-Yepez, C.E, Grincheva, N, Ha, K, Hemels, S, Iyengar, S, Julmi, C, Jung, Y, Keeney, K, Kim, Y, Konrad, E.D, Lagrutta, R, Lazzeretti, L, Boram Lee, B, Lee, H, Liu, J, Luo, H, Mazzoni, L, Miniero, G, Monti, A, Montoro-Pons, J.D, Newton, T, Nolin, H.R, Oliva, S, Paquette, J, Pinton, S, Pizzetti, M, Price, J, Rentschler, R, Rosenstein, C, Sacco, P.L, Santarsiero, F, Schiuma, G, Schwonik, K, Seaman, B.A, Shane, R, Sherer, P, Srakar, A, Suddaby, R, Vakharia, N, van den Ende, L, Vecco, M, Walmsley, B, Whitaker, .C, Wiggins, J, Yi, L, Argano, Lucio, Amidei, A, Argano, L, Austin, J, Bérubé J, Borrup T, Burri M, Callander, A, Carlucci, D, Caust, J, Chiaravalloti, F, Coraiola, D, Cuadrado-García, M, C. Cuyler, A.C, Paola Dubini, P, Ian Fillis, I, Quanice Floyd, Q, Flys, E. SV, Ian Fraser, I, Goodwin, K, Goyes-Yepez, C.E, Grincheva, N, Ha, K, Hemels, S, Iyengar, S, Julmi, C, Jung, Y, Keeney, K, Kim, Y, Konrad, E.D, Lagrutta, R, Lazzeretti, L, Boram Lee, B, Lee, H, Liu, J, Luo, H, Mazzoni, L, Miniero, G, Monti, A, Montoro-Pons, J.D, Newton, T, Nolin, H.R, Oliva, S, Paquette, J, Pinton, S, Pizzetti, M, Price, J, Rentschler, R, Rosenstein, C, Sacco, P.L, Santarsiero, F, Schiuma, G, Schwonik, K, Seaman, B.A, Shane, R, Sherer, P, Srakar, A, Suddaby, R, Vakharia, N, van den Ende, L, Vecco, M, Walmsley, B, Whitaker, .C, Wiggins, J, Yi, L, and Argano, Lucio
Abstract: This article is concerned with cultural events and the way they are arranged. It discusses how the implementation of the stringent rules and organizational principles of project management might prove counterproductive in cultural events. The underlying assumption is that cultural events are complex and ever-evolving systems based on creative and artistic processes, so they escape traditional planning and control practices. The complexity of cultural events can be explored through four dimensions. The first concerns the social, cultural, economic, and technological context and the relevance of the influence held by the various stakeholders. The second dimension is related to the multiplicity of objectives underlying each cultural event. The third dimension refers to the concept, the content, and the artistic and cultural creation processes behind the uniqueness of an event. Finally, the last element concerns event management and its iterative dynamic as a project where the four dimensions of complexity are intertwined. Traditional project management usually proposes tools and techniques that tend to dominate and control the project, following a deterministic approach. This attitude may be inadequate to control the environmental, strategic, creative, and managerial complexity of any cultural event, which, rather, must be explored and absorbed. Accordingly, it is suggested that a more systemic perspective be adopted through which routine project management tools are reviewed to pave the way for a new approach when organizing and managing cultural events.
Published: 2024

13. Mycorrhizal associations modify tree diversity-productivity relationships across experimental tree plantations

Author: Luo, Shan, Schmid, Bernhard, Hector, Andy, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Juergen, Beyer, Friderike, Bruelheide, Helge, Ferlian, Olga, Godbold, Douglas Lawrence, Hall, Jefferson S., Hajek, Peter, Huang, Yuanyuan, Hölscher, Dirk, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Messier, Christian, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Sandén, Hans, Sinacore, Katherine, Stefanski, Artur, Williams, Laura, Eisenhauer, Nico, Luo, Shan, Schmid, Bernhard, Hector, Andy, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Juergen, Beyer, Friderike, Bruelheide, Helge, Ferlian, Olga, Godbold, Douglas Lawrence, Hall, Jefferson S., Hajek, Peter, Huang, Yuanyuan, Hölscher, Dirk, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Messier, Christian, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Sandén, Hans, Sinacore, Katherine, Stefanski, Artur, Williams, Laura, and Eisenhauer, Nico
Abstract: Decades of studies have demonstrated links between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet the generality of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially for forest ecosystems. Using 11 tree-diversity experiments, we tested tree species richness-community productivity relationships and the role of arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal-associated tree species in these relationships. Tree species richness had a positive effect on community productivity across experiments, modified by the diversity of tree mycorrhizal associations. In communities with both AM and ECM trees, species richness showed positive effects on community productivity, which could have resulted from complementarity between AM and ECM trees. Moreover, both AM and ECM trees were more productive in mixed communities with both AM and ECM trees than in communities assembled by their own mycorrhizal type of trees. In communities containing only ECM trees, species richness had a significant positive effect on productivity, whereas species richness did not show any significant effects on productivity in communities containing only AM trees. Our study provides novel explanations for variations in diversity-productivity relationships by suggesting that tree-mycorrhiza interactions can shape productivity in mixed-species forest ecosystems., info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Published: 2024

14. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding

Author: Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R, Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B, Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V, Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I, Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B, Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A, Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C, Parker, John D, Parrotta, John A, Paterno, Gustavo B, Perring, Michael P, Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H, Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Hautier, Yann, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R, Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B, Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V, Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I, Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B, Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A, Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C, Parker, John D, Parrotta, John A, Paterno, Gustavo B, Perring, Michael P, Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H, Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, and Hautier, Yann
Published: 2024

15. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding

Author: Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V., Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I., Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C., Parker, John D., Parrotta, John A., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Quosh, Julius, Rewald, Boris, Godbold, Douglas L., van Ruijven, Jasper, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Sundawati, Leti, Urgoiti, Jon, Williams, Laura J., Wilsey, Brian J., Yang, Baiyu, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Zhao, Yang, Yongchuan, Sandén, Hans, Ebeling, Anne, Schmid, Bernhard, Fischer, Markus, Kotowska, Martyna M., Palmborg, Cecilia, Tilman, David, Yan, Enrong, Hautier, Yann, Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V., Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I., Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C., Parker, John D., Parrotta, John A., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Quosh, Julius, Rewald, Boris, Godbold, Douglas L., van Ruijven, Jasper, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Sundawati, Leti, Urgoiti, Jon, Williams, Laura J., Wilsey, Brian J., Yang, Baiyu, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Zhao, Yang, Yongchuan, Sandén, Hans, Ebeling, Anne, Schmid, Bernhard, Fischer, Markus, Kotowska, Martyna M., Palmborg, Cecilia, Tilman, David, Yan, Enrong, and Hautier, Yann
Abstract: Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
Published: 2024

16. Enhancing tree performance through species mixing: review of a quarter-century of TreeDivNet experiments reveals research gaps and practical insights

Author: Depauw, L., De Lombaerde, E., Dhiedt, E., Blondeel, H., Abdala-Roberts, L., Auge, Harald, Barsoum, N., Bauhus, J., Chu, C., Damtew, A., Eisenhauer, N., Fagundes, M.V., Ganade, G., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Godbold, D., Gravel, D., Guillemot, J., Hajek, P., Hector, A., Hérault, B., Jactel, H., Koricheva, J., Kreft, H., Liu, X., Mereu, S., Messier, C., Muys, B., Nock, C.A., Paquette, A., Parker, J.D., Parker, W.C., Paterno, G.B., Perring, M.P., Ponette, Q., Potvin, C., Reich, P.B., Rewald, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schnabel, F., Sousa-Silva, R., Weih, M., Zemp, D.C., Verheyen, K., Baeten, L., Depauw, L., De Lombaerde, E., Dhiedt, E., Blondeel, H., Abdala-Roberts, L., Auge, Harald, Barsoum, N., Bauhus, J., Chu, C., Damtew, A., Eisenhauer, N., Fagundes, M.V., Ganade, G., Gendreau-Berthiaume, B., Godbold, D., Gravel, D., Guillemot, J., Hajek, P., Hector, A., Hérault, B., Jactel, H., Koricheva, J., Kreft, H., Liu, X., Mereu, S., Messier, C., Muys, B., Nock, C.A., Paquette, A., Parker, J.D., Parker, W.C., Paterno, G.B., Perring, M.P., Ponette, Q., Potvin, C., Reich, P.B., Rewald, B., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schnabel, F., Sousa-Silva, R., Weih, M., Zemp, D.C., Verheyen, K., and Baeten, L.
Abstract: Purpose of Review International ambitions for massive afforestation and restoration are high. To make these investments sustainable and resilient under future climate change, science is calling for a shift from planting monocultures to mixed forests. But what is the scientific basis for promoting diverse plantations, and what is the feasibility of their establishment and management? As the largest global network of tree diversity experiments, TreeDivNet is uniquely positioned to answer these pressing questions. Building on 428 peer-reviewed TreeDivNet studies, combined with the results of a questionnaire completed by managers of 32 TreeDivNet sites, we aimed to answer the following questions: (i) How and where have TreeDivNet experiments enabled the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance (including productivity, survival, and pathogen damage) to be studied, and what has been learned? (ii) What are the remaining key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance? and (iii) What practical insights can be gained from the TreeDivNet experiments for operational, real-world forest plantations? Recent Findings We developed a conceptual framework that identifies the variety of pathways through which target tree performance is related to local neighbourhood diversity and mapped the research efforts for each of those pathways. Experimental research on forest mixtures has focused primarily on direct tree diversity effects on productivity, with generally positive effects of species and functional diversity on productivity. Fewer studies focused on indirect effects mediated via biotic growing conditions (e.g. soil microbes and herbivores) and resource availability and uptake. Most studies examining light uptake found positive effects of species diversity. For pests and diseases, the evidence points mostly towards lower levels of infection for target trees when growing in mixed plantations. Tree diversity effe
Published: 2024

17. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author: Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., Paquette, A., Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., and Paquette, A.
Abstract: Aim To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, th
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author: Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., Paquette, A., Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., and Paquette, A.
Abstract: Aim To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, th
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author: Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., Paquette, A., Bouchard, E., Searle, E.B., Drapeau, P., Liang, J., Gamarra, J.G.P., Abegg, M., Alberti, G., Zambrano, A.A., Alvarez‐Davila, E., Alves, L.F., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Bastin, J.‐F., Birnbaum, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Broadbent, E., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R.C., Češljar, G., Chisholm, C., Cienciala, E., Clark, C. J., Corral‐Rivas, J.J., Crowther, T.W., Dayanandan, S., Decuyper, M., de Gasper, A.L., de‐Miguel, S., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjević, I., Van Do, T., Dolezal, J., Fayle, T.M., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gianelle, D., Hemp, A., Hérault, B., Herold, M., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A.M., Jaroszewicz, B., Jucker, T., Kepfer‐Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M.L., Kim, H..S., Korjus, H., Kraxner, Fl., Laarmann, D., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Maitner, B.S., Marcon, E., Marshall, A.R., Mukul, S.A., Nabuurs, G.‐J., Nava‐Miranda, M.G., Parfenova, E.I., Park, M., Peri, P.L., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O.L., Piedade, M.T.F., Piotto, D., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Pretzsch, H., Reich, P.B., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Rovero, F., Saikia, P., Salas‐Eljatib, C., Schall, P., Shchepashchenko, D., Schöngart, J., Šebeň, V., Sist, P., Slik, F., Souza, A.F., Stereńczak, K., Svoboda, M., Tchebakova, N.M., ter Steege, H., Tikhonova, E.V., Usoltsev, V.A., Valladares, F., Viana, H., Vibrans, A.C., Wang, H.‐F.., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S.K., Wittmann, F., Wortel, V., Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, T., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.‐X., Zo‐Bi, I.C., and Paquette, A.
Abstract: Aim To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location Global. Time period Recent. Major taxa studied Trees. Methods We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, th
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Enhancing tree performance through species mixing: review of a quarter-century of TreeDivNet experiments reveals research gaps and practical insights

Author: Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Dhiedt, Els, Blondeel, Haben, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Chu, Chengjin, Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fagundes, Marina V., Ganade, Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Godbold, Douglas, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andrew, Hérault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Weih, Martin, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Verheyen, Kris, Baeten, Lander, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Dhiedt, Els, Blondeel, Haben, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Chu, Chengjin, Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fagundes, Marina V., Ganade, Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Godbold, Douglas, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andrew, Hérault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Weih, Martin, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Verheyen, Kris, and Baeten, Lander
Abstract: •Purpose of Review: International ambitions for massive afforestation and restoration are high. To make these investments sustainable and resilient under future climate change, science is calling for a shift from planting monocultures to mixed forests. But what is the scientific basis for promoting diverse plantations, and what is the feasibility of their establishment and management? As the largest global network of tree diversity experiments, TreeDivNet is uniquely positioned to answer these pressing questions. Building on 428 peer-reviewed TreeDivNet studies, combined with the results of a questionnaire completed by managers of 32 TreeDivNet sites, we aimed to answer the following questions: (i) How and where have TreeDivNet experiments enabled the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance (including productivity, survival, and pathogen damage) to be studied, and what has been learned? (ii) What are the remaining key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance? and (iii) What practical insights can be gained from the TreeDivNet experiments for operational, real-world forest plantations? •Recent Findings: We developed a conceptual framework that identifies the variety of pathways through which target tree performance is related to local neighbourhood diversity and mapped the research efforts for each of those pathways. Experimental research on forest mixtures has focused primarily on direct tree diversity effects on productivity, with generally positive effects of species and functional diversity on productivity. Fewer studies focused on indirect effects mediated via biotic growing conditions (e.g. soil microbes and herbivores) and resource availability and uptake. Most studies examining light uptake found positive effects of species diversity. For pests and diseases, the evidence points mostly towards lower levels of infection for target trees when growing in mixed plantations. Tree diversity
Published: 2024

21. Using Sequential Pattern Mining to Understand How Students Use Guidance While Doing Scientific Calculations

Author: Verstege, Sjors, Zhang, Yingbin, Wierenga, Peter, Paquette, Luc, Diederen, Julia, Verstege, Sjors, Zhang, Yingbin, Wierenga, Peter, Paquette, Luc, and Diederen, Julia
Abstract: In natural science education, experiments often lead to the collection of raw data that need to be processed into results by doing calculations. Teaching students how to approach such calculations can be done using digital learning materials that provide guidance. The goal of this study was to investigate students’ behaviour regarding the use of guidance while doing scientific multi-step calculations, and to relate this behaviour to learning. Sequential pattern mining was used to i) identify students’ behaviour patterns while doing calculations in an online learning environment, ii) study the relation between use of guidance and success on first attempt at submitting a calculated value, iii) study the relation between students’ use of guidance and learning gain, and iv) study the relation between students’ use of guidance and prior knowledge. Data showed that all students frequently used the guidance provided in the learning task. Moreover, students who used the option to check their intermediate calculations and students who studied worked examples were more likely to successfully complete the calculation on their first attempt than students who did not use this guidance. Guidance in the form of hints was used frequently. However, using the hints did not result in more success at the first attempt. We did not find a relation between learning gain and use of guidance, but we did find a trend that students with a low prior knowledge used more guidance compared to students with a high prior knowledge. The results of this study imply that providing hints and intermediate calculations is of utmost importance for students to independently complete scientific multi-step calculations.
Published: 2024

22. Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought

Author: Blondeel, H., Guillemot, J., Martin-StPaul, N., Druel, A., Bilodeau-Gauthier, S., Bauhus, J., Grossiord, C., Hector, A., Jactel, H., Jensen, J., Messier, C., Muys, B., Serrano-León, H., Auge, Harald, Barsoum, N., Birhane, E., Bruelheide, H., Cavender-Bares, J., Chu, C., Cumming, J.R., Damtew, A., Eisenhauer, N., Ferlian, O., Fiedler, S., Ganade, G., Godbold, D.L., Gravel, D., Hall, J.S., Hölscher, D., Hulvey, K.B., Koricheva, J., Kreft, H., Lapadat, C., Liang, J., Liu, X., Meredieu, C., Mereu, S., Montgomery, R., Morillas, L., Nock, C., Paquette, A., Parker, J.D., Parker, W.C., Paterno, G.B., Perring, M.P., Ponette, Q., Potvin, C., Reich, P.B., Rentch, J., Rewald, B., Sandén, H., Sinacore, K., Standish, R.J., Stefanski, A., Tobin, P.C., van Breugel, M., Vergara Fagundes, M., Weih, M., Williams, L.J., Zhou, M., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Verheyen, K., Baeten, L., Blondeel, H., Guillemot, J., Martin-StPaul, N., Druel, A., Bilodeau-Gauthier, S., Bauhus, J., Grossiord, C., Hector, A., Jactel, H., Jensen, J., Messier, C., Muys, B., Serrano-León, H., Auge, Harald, Barsoum, N., Birhane, E., Bruelheide, H., Cavender-Bares, J., Chu, C., Cumming, J.R., Damtew, A., Eisenhauer, N., Ferlian, O., Fiedler, S., Ganade, G., Godbold, D.L., Gravel, D., Hall, J.S., Hölscher, D., Hulvey, K.B., Koricheva, J., Kreft, H., Lapadat, C., Liang, J., Liu, X., Meredieu, C., Mereu, S., Montgomery, R., Morillas, L., Nock, C., Paquette, A., Parker, J.D., Parker, W.C., Paterno, G.B., Perring, M.P., Ponette, Q., Potvin, C., Reich, P.B., Rentch, J., Rewald, B., Sandén, H., Sinacore, K., Standish, R.J., Stefanski, A., Tobin, P.C., van Breugel, M., Vergara Fagundes, M., Weih, M., Williams, L.J., Zhou, M., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Verheyen, K., and Baeten, L.
Abstract: Enhancing tree diversity may be important to fostering resilience to drought-related climate extremes. So far, little attention has been given to whether tree diversity can increase the survival of trees and reduce its variability in young forest plantations.We conducted an analysis of seedling and sapling survival from 34 globally distributed tree diversity experiments (363,167 trees, 168 species, 3744 plots, 7 biomes) to answer two questions: (1) Do drought and tree diversity alter the mean and variability in plot-level tree survival, with higher and less variable survival as diversity increases? and (2) Do species that survive poorly in monocultures survive better in mixtures and do specific functional traits explain monoculture survival?Tree species richness reduced variability in plot-level survival, while functional diversity (Rao's Q entropy) increased survival and also reduced its variability. Importantly, the reduction in survival variability became stronger as drought severity increased. We found that species with low survival in monocultures survived comparatively better in mixtures when under drought. Species survival in monoculture was positively associated with drought resistance (indicated by hydraulic traits such as turgor loss point), plant height and conservative resource-acquisition traits (e.g. low leaf nitrogen concentration and small leaf size).Synthesis. The findings highlight: (1) The effectiveness of tree diversity for decreasing the variability in seedling and sapling survival under drought; and (2) the importance of drought resistance and associated traits to explain altered tree species survival in response to tree diversity and drought. From an ecological perspective, we recommend mixing be considered to stabilize tree survival, particularly when functionally diverse forests with drought-resistant species also promote high survival of drought-sensitive species.
Published: 2024

23. Enhancing tree performance through species mixing: Review of a quarter-century of TreeDivNet experiments reveals research gaps and practical insights

Author: Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Dhiedt, Els, Blondeel, Haben, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Chu, Chengjin, Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fagundes, Marina V., Ganade, Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Godbold, Douglas L., Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andrew, Herault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Weih, Martin, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Verheyen, Kris, Baeten, Lander, Depauw, Leen, De Lombaerde, Emiel, Dhiedt, Els, Blondeel, Haben, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Chu, Chengjin, Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fagundes, Marina V., Ganade, Gislene, Gendreau-Berthiaume, Benoit, Godbold, Douglas L., Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andrew, Herault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Liu, Xiaojuan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Rewald, Boris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Sousa-Silva, Rita, Weih, Martin, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Verheyen, Kris, and Baeten, Lander
Abstract: Purpose of Review: International ambitions for massive afforestation and restoration are high. To make these investments sustainable and resilient under future climate change, science is calling for a shift from planting monocultures to mixed forests. But what is the scientific basis for promoting diverse plantations, and what is the feasibility of their establishment and management? As the largest global network of tree diversity experiments, TreeDivNet is uniquely positioned to answer these pressing questions. Building on 428 peer-reviewed TreeDivNet studies, combined with the results of a questionnaire completed by managers of 32 TreeDivNet sites, we aimed to answer the following questions: (i) How and where have TreeDivNet experiments enabled the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance (including productivity, survival, and pathogen damage) to be studied, and what has been learned? (ii) What are the remaining key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationship between tree diversity and tree performance? and (iii) What practical insights can be gained from the TreeDivNet experiments for operational, real-world forest plantations? Recent Findings: We developed a conceptual framework that identifies the variety of pathways through which target tree performance is related to local neighbourhood diversity and mapped the research efforts for each of those pathways. Experimental research on forest mixtures has focused primarily on direct tree diversity effects on productivity, with generally positive effects of species and functional diversity on productivity. Fewer studies focused on indirect effects mediated via biotic growing conditions (e.g. soil microbes and herbivores) and resource availability and uptake. Most studies examining light uptake found positive effects of species diversity. For pests and diseases, the evidence points mostly towards lower levels of infection for target trees when growing in mixed plantations. Tree diversity ef
Published: 2024

24. Tree diversity enhances predation by birds but not by arthropods across climate gradients

Author: Axencia Galega de Innovación, National Science Foundation (US), Albert- Ludwigs- Universität Freiburg, The Forestry Commision, Vázquez-González, Carla [0000-0001-6810-164X], Vázquez-González, Carla, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Muiruri, Evalyne W, Barbaro, Luc, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Barsoum, Nadia, Fründ, Jochen, Glynn, Carolyn, Jactel, Hervé, McShea, William J, Mereu, Simone, Mooney, Kailen A, Morillas, Lourdes, Nock, Charles A, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D, Parker, William C, Roales, Javier, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schuldt, Andreas, Verheyen, Kris, Weih, Martin, Yang, Bo, Koricheva, Julia, Axencia Galega de Innovación, National Science Foundation (US), Albert- Ludwigs- Universität Freiburg, The Forestry Commision, Vázquez-González, Carla [0000-0001-6810-164X], Vázquez-González, Carla, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Muiruri, Evalyne W, Barbaro, Luc, Abdala-Roberts, Luis, Barsoum, Nadia, Fründ, Jochen, Glynn, Carolyn, Jactel, Hervé, McShea, William J, Mereu, Simone, Mooney, Kailen A, Morillas, Lourdes, Nock, Charles A, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D, Parker, William C, Roales, Javier, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schuldt, Andreas, Verheyen, Kris, Weih, Martin, Yang, Bo, and Koricheva, Julia
Abstract: Tree diversity can promote both predator abundance and diversity. However, whether this translates into increased predation and top-down control of herbivores across predator taxonomic groups and contrasting environmental conditions remains unresolved. We used a global network of tree diversity experiments (TreeDivNet) spread across three continents and three biomes to test the effects of tree species richness on predation across varying climatic conditions of temperature and precipitation. We recorded bird and arthropod predation attempts on plasticine caterpillars in monocultures and tree species mixtures. Both tree species richness and temperature increased predation by birds but not by arthropods. Furthermore, the effects of tree species richness on predation were consistent across the studied climatic gradient. Our findings provide evidence that tree diversity strengthens top-down control of insect herbivores by birds, underscoring the need to implement conservation strategies that safeguard tree diversity to sustain ecosystem services provided by natural enemies in forests.
Published: 2024

25. Effects of plant diversity on productivity strengthen over time due to trait-dependent shifts in species overyielding

Author: Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V., Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I., Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C., Parker, John D., Parrotta, John A., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Quosh, Julius, Rewald, Boris, Godbold, Douglas L., van Ruijven, Jasper, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Sundawati, Leti, Urgoiti, Jon, Williams, Laura J., Wilsey, Brian J., Yang, Baiyu, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Zhao, Yang, Yongchuan, Sandén, Hans, Ebeling, Anne, Schmid, Bernhard, Fischer, Markus, Kotowska, Martyna M., Palmborg, Cecilia, Tilman, David, Yan, Enrong, Hautier, Yann, Zheng, Liting, Barry, Kathryn E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Craven, Dylan, Reich, Peter B., Verheyen, Kris, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Barsoum, Nadia, Bauhus, Jürgen, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Dolezal, Jiri, Auge, Harald, Fagundes, Marina V., Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Forrester, David I., Ganade, Gislene, Gebauer, Tobias, Haase, Josephine, Hajek, Peter, Hector, Andy, Hérault, Bruno, Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Irawan, Bambang, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lanta, Vojtech, Leps, Jan, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Montagnini, Florencia, Mörsdorf, Martin, Müller, Sandra, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, William C., Parker, John D., Parrotta, John A., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Piotto, Daniel, Wayne Polley, H., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Quosh, Julius, Rewald, Boris, Godbold, Douglas L., van Ruijven, Jasper, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Sundawati, Leti, Urgoiti, Jon, Williams, Laura J., Wilsey, Brian J., Yang, Baiyu, Zhang, Li, Zhao, Zhao, Yang, Yongchuan, Sandén, Hans, Ebeling, Anne, Schmid, Bernhard, Fischer, Markus, Kotowska, Martyna M., Palmborg, Cecilia, Tilman, David, Yan, Enrong, and Hautier, Yann
Abstract: Plant diversity effects on community productivity often increase over time. Whether the strengthening of diversity effects is caused by temporal shifts in species-level overyielding (i.e., higher species-level productivity in diverse communities compared with monocultures) remains unclear. Here, using data from 65 grassland and forest biodiversity experiments, we show that the temporal strength of diversity effects at the community scale is underpinned by temporal changes in the species that yield. These temporal trends of species-level overyielding are shaped by plant ecological strategies, which can be quantitatively delimited by functional traits. In grasslands, the temporal strengthening of biodiversity effects on community productivity was associated with increasing biomass overyielding of resource-conservative species increasing over time, and with overyielding of species characterized by fast resource acquisition either decreasing or increasing. In forests, temporal trends in species overyielding differ when considering above- versus belowground resource acquisition strategies. Overyielding in stem growth decreased for species with high light capture capacity but increased for those with high soil resource acquisition capacity. Our results imply that a diversity of species with different, and potentially complementary, ecological strategies is beneficial for maintaining community productivity over time in both grassland and forest ecosystems.
Published: 2024

26. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author: Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B., Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, de Gasper, André L., de-Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M., Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Mukul, Sharif A., Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B., Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M., ter Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Wang, Hua Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irié C., Paquette, Alain, Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B., Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, de Gasper, André L., de-Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M., Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Mukul, Sharif A., Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B., Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M., ter Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Wang, Hua Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irié C., and Paquette, Alain
Abstract: Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a give
Published: 2024

27. Tree diversity reduces variability in sapling survival under drought

Author: Blondeel, Haben, Guillemot, Joannès, Martin‐StPaul, Nicolas, Druel, Arsène, Bilodeau‐Gauthier, Simon, Bauhus, Jürgen, Grossiord, Charlotte, Hector, Andrew, Jactel, Hervé, Jensen, Joel, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Serrano‐León, Hernán, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Birhane, Emiru, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine, Chu, Chengjin, Cumming, Jonathan R., Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Ganade, Gislene, Godbold, Douglas L., Gravel, Dominique, Hall, Jefferson S., Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lapadat, Cathleen, Liang, Jingjing, Liu, Xiaojuan, Meredieu, Céline, Mereu, Simone, Montgomery, Rebecca, Morillas, Lourdes, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter, Rentch, James, Rewald, Boris, Sandén, Hans, Sinacore, Katherine, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Tobin, Patrick C., van Breugel, Michiel, Fagundes, Marina Vergara, Weih, Martin, Williams, Laura J., Zhou, Mo, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, Baeten, Lander, Blondeel, Haben, Guillemot, Joannès, Martin‐StPaul, Nicolas, Druel, Arsène, Bilodeau‐Gauthier, Simon, Bauhus, Jürgen, Grossiord, Charlotte, Hector, Andrew, Jactel, Hervé, Jensen, Joel, Messier, Christian, Muys, Bart, Serrano‐León, Hernán, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Birhane, Emiru, Bruelheide, Helge, Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine, Chu, Chengjin, Cumming, Jonathan R., Damtew, Abebe, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ferlian, Olga, Fiedler, Sebastian, Ganade, Gislene, Godbold, Douglas L., Gravel, Dominique, Hall, Jefferson S., Hölscher, Dirk, Hulvey, Kristin B., Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Lapadat, Cathleen, Liang, Jingjing, Liu, Xiaojuan, Meredieu, Céline, Mereu, Simone, Montgomery, Rebecca, Morillas, Lourdes, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Parker, William C., Paterno, Gustavo B., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter, Rentch, James, Rewald, Boris, Sandén, Hans, Sinacore, Katherine, Standish, Rachel J., Stefanski, Artur, Tobin, Patrick C., van Breugel, Michiel, Fagundes, Marina Vergara, Weih, Martin, Williams, Laura J., Zhou, Mo, Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Verheyen, Kris, and Baeten, Lander
Abstract: 1. Enhancing tree diversity may be important to fostering resilience to drought-related climate extremes. So far, little attention has been given to whether tree diversity can increase the survival of trees and reduce its variability in young forest plantations. 2. We conducted an analysis of seedling and sapling survival from 34 globally distributed tree diversity experiments (363,167 trees, 168 species, 3744 plots, 7 biomes) to answer two questions: (1) Do drought and tree diversity alter the mean and variability in plot-level tree survival, with higher and less variable survival as diversity increases? and (2) Do species that survive poorly in monocultures survive better in mixtures and do specific functional traits explain monoculture survival? 3. Tree species richness reduced variability in plot-level survival, while functional diversity (Rao's Q entropy) increased survival and also reduced its variability. Importantly, the reduction in survival variability became stronger as drought severity increased. We found that species with low survival in monocultures survived comparatively better in mixtures when under drought. Species survival in monoculture was positively associated with drought resistance (indicated by hydraulic traits such as turgor loss point), plant height and conservative resource-acquisition traits (e.g. low leaf nitrogen concentration and small leaf size). 4. Synthesis. The findings highlight: (1) The effectiveness of tree diversity for decreasing the variability in seedling and sapling survival under drought; and (2) the importance of drought resistance and associated traits to explain altered tree species survival in response to tree diversity and drought. From an ecological perspective, we recommend mixing be considered to stabilize tree survival, particularly when functionally diverse forests with drought-resistant species also promote high survival of drought-sensitive species.
Published: 2024

28. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author: Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B., Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, de Gasper, André L., de-Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M., Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Mukul, Sharif A., Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B., Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M., ter Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Wang, Hua Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irié C., Paquette, Alain, Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B., Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, de Gasper, André L., de-Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M., Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Mukul, Sharif A., Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B., Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M., ter Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Wang, Hua Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irié C., and Paquette, Alain
Abstract: Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a give
Published: 2024

29. Alexithymia as a mediator of the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence

Author: Hamel, Catherine, Rodrigue, Christopher, Clermont, Camille, Hébert, Martine, Paquette, Linda, Dion, Jacinthe, Hamel, Catherine, Rodrigue, Christopher, Clermont, Camille, Hébert, Martine, Paquette, Linda, and Dion, Jacinthe
Abstract: Child maltreatment is a global concern that profoundly affects individuals throughout their lives. This study investigated the relationships between various forms of child maltreatment and behavior problems involving internalization and externalization during adolescence. Data obtained from a diverse sample of 1802 Canadians aged 14–18 years was used to examine the mediating role of alexithymia—a difficulty in recognizing and expressing emotions—in these associations. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) in their childhood exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, which was correlated with elevated levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Physical abuse and parental neglect were only associated with externalizing problems. Gender differences also emerged, with gender-diverse adolescents reporting a higher prevalence of maltreatment, alexithymia, and behavior problems compared with their peers. However, alexithymia’s mediating role was consistent across genders. Overall, this study highlights the intricate relationships between child maltreatment, alexithymia, and adolescent behavior problems. The findings of this study how different forms of child maltreatment significantly shape behavioral outcomes and indicate the importance of interventions in enhancing emotional awareness and expression in adolescents with a childhood history of maltreatment.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Mirror Descent Algorithms with Nearly Dimension-Independent Rates for Differentially-Private Stochastic Saddle-Point Problems

Author: González, Tomás, Guzmán, Cristóbal, Paquette, Courtney, González, Tomás, Guzmán, Cristóbal, and Paquette, Courtney
Abstract: We study the problem of differentially-private (DP) stochastic (convex-concave) saddle-points in the polyhedral setting. We propose $(\varepsilon, \delta)$-DP algorithms based on stochastic mirror descent that attain nearly dimension-independent convergence rates for the expected duality gap, a type of guarantee that was known before only for bilinear objectives. For convex-concave and first-order-smooth stochastic objectives, our algorithms attain a rate of $\sqrt{\log(d)/n} + (\log(d)^{3/2}/[n\varepsilon])^{1/3}$, where $d$ is the dimension of the problem and $n$ the dataset size. Under an additional second-order-smoothness assumption, we improve the rate on the expected gap to $\sqrt{\log(d)/n} + (\log(d)^{3/2}/[n\varepsilon])^{2/5}$. Under this additional assumption, we also show, by using bias-reduced gradient estimators, that the duality gap is bounded by $\log(d)/\sqrt{n} + \log(d)/[n\varepsilon]^{1/2}$ with constant success probability. This result provides evidence of the near-optimality of the approach. Finally, we show that combining our methods with acceleration techniques from online learning leads to the first algorithm for DP Stochastic Convex Optimization in the polyhedral setting that is not based on Frank-Wolfe methods. For convex and first-order-smooth stochastic objectives, our algorithms attain an excess risk of $\sqrt{\log(d)/n} + \log(d)^{7/10}/[n\varepsilon]^{2/5}$, and when additionally assuming second-order-smoothness, we improve the rate to $\sqrt{\log(d)/n} + \log(d)/\sqrt{n\varepsilon}$. Instrumental to all of these results are various extensions of the classical Maurey Sparsification Lemma, which may be of independent interest.
Published: 2024

31. Implicit Diffusion: Efficient Optimization through Stochastic Sampling

Author: Marion, Pierre, Korba, Anna, Bartlett, Peter, Blondel, Mathieu, De Bortoli, Valentin, Doucet, Arnaud, Llinares-López, Felipe, Paquette, Courtney, Berthet, Quentin, Marion, Pierre, Korba, Anna, Bartlett, Peter, Blondel, Mathieu, De Bortoli, Valentin, Doucet, Arnaud, Llinares-López, Felipe, Paquette, Courtney, and Berthet, Quentin
Abstract: We present a new algorithm to optimize distributions defined implicitly by parameterized stochastic diffusions. Doing so allows us to modify the outcome distribution of sampling processes by optimizing over their parameters. We introduce a general framework for first-order optimization of these processes, that performs jointly, in a single loop, optimization and sampling steps. This approach is inspired by recent advances in bilevel optimization and automatic implicit differentiation, leveraging the point of view of sampling as optimization over the space of probability distributions. We provide theoretical guarantees on the performance of our method, as well as experimental results demonstrating its effectiveness. We apply it to training energy-based models and finetuning denoising diffusions., Comment: 38 pages, 16 figures. Updated with additional experiments
Published: 2024

32. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author: Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., Crowther, T., Zou, Y., Zohner, C., Averill, C., Ma, H., Merder, J., Berdugo, M., Bialic-Murphy, L., Mo, L., Brun, P., Zimmermann, N., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinements, U., Dahlgren, J., Kändler, G., Ratcliffe, S., Ruiz-Benito, P., de Zavala, M., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Iêda, A., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Kucher, D., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Polo, I., Poorter, L., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miscicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z., Zo-Bi, I., and Crowther, T.
Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Towards a Unified Framework for Evaluating Explanations

Author: Pinto, Juan D., Paquette, Luc, Pinto, Juan D., and Paquette, Luc
Abstract: The challenge of creating interpretable models has been taken up by two main research communities: ML researchers primarily focused on lower-level explainability methods that suit the needs of engineers, and HCI researchers who have more heavily emphasized user-centered approaches often based on participatory design methods. This paper reviews how these communities have evaluated interpretability, identifying overlaps and semantic misalignments. We propose moving towards a unified framework of evaluation criteria and lay the groundwork for such a framework by articulating the relationships between existing criteria. We argue that explanations serve as mediators between models and stakeholders, whether for intrinsically interpretable models or opaque black-box models analyzed via post-hoc techniques. We further argue that useful explanations require both faithfulness and intelligibility. Explanation plausibility is a prerequisite for intelligibility, while stability is a prerequisite for explanation faithfulness. We illustrate these criteria, as well as specific evaluation methods, using examples from an ongoing study of an interpretable neural network for predicting a particular learner behavior., Comment: 6 pages. Submitted to HEXED Workshop @ EDM24
Published: 2024

34. Deep Learning for Educational Data Science

Author: Pinto, Juan D., Paquette, Luc, Pinto, Juan D., and Paquette, Luc
Abstract: With the ever-growing presence of deep artificial neural networks in every facet of modern life, a growing body of researchers in educational data science -- a field consisting of various interrelated research communities -- have turned their attention to leveraging these powerful algorithms within the domain of education. Use cases range from advanced knowledge tracing models that can leverage open-ended student essays or snippets of code to automatic affect and behavior detectors that can identify when a student is frustrated or aimlessly trying to solve problems unproductively -- and much more. This chapter provides a brief introduction to deep learning, describes some of its advantages and limitations, presents a survey of its many uses in education, and discusses how it may further come to shape the field of educational data science., Comment: 18 pages. To be published in Trust and Inclusion in AI-Mediated Education: Where Human Learning Meets Learning Machines by Springer International
Published: 2024

35. Placental transcriptomic signatures of prenatal exposure to Hydroxy-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Author: Paquette, Alison G, Paquette, Alison G, Lapehn, Samantha, Freije, Sophie, MacDonald, James, Bammler, Theo, Day, Drew B, Loftus, Christine T, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Alex Mason, W, Bush, Nicole R, LeWinn, Kaja Z, Enquobahrie, Daniel A, Marsit, Carmen, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Paquette, Alison G, Paquette, Alison G, Lapehn, Samantha, Freije, Sophie, MacDonald, James, Bammler, Theo, Day, Drew B, Loftus, Christine T, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Alex Mason, W, Bush, Nicole R, LeWinn, Kaja Z, Enquobahrie, Daniel A, Marsit, Carmen, and Sathyanarayana, Sheela
Abstract: BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants originating from petrogenic and pyrogenic sources. PAH compounds can cross the placenta, and prenatal PAH exposure is linked to adverse infant and childhood health outcomes.ObjectiveIn this first human transcriptomic assessment of PAHs in the placenta, we examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and placental gene expression to gain insight into mechanisms by which PAHs may disrupt placental function.MethodsThe ECHO PATHWAYS Consortium quantified prenatal PAH exposure and the placental transcriptome from 629 pregnant participants enrolled in the CANDLE study. Concentrations of 12 monohydroxy-PAH (OH-PAH) metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Placental transcriptomic data were obtained using paired-end RNA sequencing. Linear models were fitted to estimate covariate-adjusted associations between maternal urinary OH-PAHs and placental gene expression. We performed sex-stratified analyses to evaluate whether associations varied by fetal sex. Selected PAH/gene expression analyses were validated by treating HTR-8/SVneo cells with phenanthrene, and quantifying expression via qPCR.ResultsUrinary concentrations of 6 OH-PAHs were associated with placental expression of 8 genes. Three biological pathways were associated with 4 OH-PAHs. Placental expression of SGF29 and TRIP13 as well as the vitamin digestion and absorption pathway were positively associated with multiple metabolites. HTR-8/SVneo cells treated with phenanthrene also exhibited 23 % increased TRIP13 expression compared to vehicle controls (p = 0.04). Fetal sex may modify the relationship between prenatal OH-PAHs and placental gene expression, as more associations were identified in females than males (45 vs 28 associations).DiscussionOur study highlights novel genes whose placental expression may be disrupted by OH-PAHs. Increased e
Published: 2023

36. How sociolinguistic factors shape children's subjective impressions of teacher quality.

Author: Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Buckler, Helen, Johnson, Elizabeth K, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Buckler, Helen, and Johnson, Elizabeth K
Abstract: When university students are asked to rate their instructors, their evaluations are often influenced by the demographic characteristics of the instructor-such as the instructor's race, gender, or language background. These influences can manifest in unfair systematic biases against particular groups of teachers and hamper movements to promote diversity in higher education. When and how do these biases develop? Here, we begin to address these questions by examining children's sociolinguistic biases against teachers who speak with different accents. To do this, we presented 5-year-old Canadian English-speaking children with pairs of adult talkers. Children were asked to select "who they'd like to be their teacher" then they rated "how good of a teacher" they thought each talker would be on a 5-point scale. In each trial, one talker spoke in the locally dominant variety of Canadian English, and the other spoke in a different accent. Children strongly preferred Canadian-accented teachers over teachers who spoke with non-native (i.e., French or Dutch) accents, but also demonstrated a preference for Canadian teachers over teachers who spoke with non-local regional accents (i.e., Australian or British). In line with the binary choice data, children rated the Canadian talkers more favourably. The relationship between the gender of the teacher and the gender of the child also impacted ratings. This work demonstrates that even at the onset of formal education, children may already exhibit signs of accent-based biases. We discuss these findings in relation to the growing literature on implicit bias in higher education.
Published: 2023

37. Hitting the High-Dimensional Notes: An ODE for SGD learning dynamics on GLMs and multi-index models

Author: Collins-Woodfin, Elizabeth, Paquette, Courtney, Paquette, Elliot, Seroussi, Inbar, Collins-Woodfin, Elizabeth, Paquette, Courtney, Paquette, Elliot, and Seroussi, Inbar
Abstract: We analyze the dynamics of streaming stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in the high-dimensional limit when applied to generalized linear models and multi-index models (e.g. logistic regression, phase retrieval) with general data-covariance. In particular, we demonstrate a deterministic equivalent of SGD in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations that describes a wide class of statistics, such as the risk and other measures of sub-optimality. This equivalence holds with overwhelming probability when the model parameter count grows proportionally to the number of data. This framework allows us to obtain learning rate thresholds for stability of SGD as well as convergence guarantees. In addition to the deterministic equivalent, we introduce an SDE with a simplified diffusion coefficient (homogenized SGD) which allows us to analyze the dynamics of general statistics of SGD iterates. Finally, we illustrate this theory on some standard examples and show numerical simulations which give an excellent match to the theory., Comment: Preliminary version
Published: 2023

38. Implicit Regularization or Implicit Conditioning? Exact Risk Trajectories of SGD in High Dimensions

Author: Paquette, Courtney, Paquette, Elliot, Adlam, Ben, Pennington, Jeffrey, Paquette, Courtney, Paquette, Elliot, Adlam, Ben, and Pennington, Jeffrey
Abstract: Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a pillar of modern machine learning, serving as the go-to optimization algorithm for a diverse array of problems. While the empirical success of SGD is often attributed to its computational efficiency and favorable generalization behavior, neither effect is well understood and disentangling them remains an open problem. Even in the simple setting of convex quadratic problems, worst-case analyses give an asymptotic convergence rate for SGD that is no better than full-batch gradient descent (GD), and the purported implicit regularization effects of SGD lack a precise explanation. In this work, we study the dynamics of multi-pass SGD on high-dimensional convex quadratics and establish an asymptotic equivalence to a stochastic differential equation, which we call homogenized stochastic gradient descent (HSGD), whose solutions we characterize explicitly in terms of a Volterra integral equation. These results yield precise formulas for the learning and risk trajectories, which reveal a mechanism of implicit conditioning that explains the efficiency of SGD relative to GD. We also prove that the noise from SGD negatively impacts generalization performance, ruling out the possibility of any type of implicit regularization in this context. Finally, we show how to adapt the HSGD formalism to include streaming SGD, which allows us to produce an exact prediction for the excess risk of multi-pass SGD relative to that of streaming SGD (bootstrap risk)., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.07069
Published: 2022

39. Trajectory of Mini-Batch Momentum: Batch Size Saturation and Convergence in High Dimensions

Author: Lee, Kiwon, Cheng, Andrew N., Paquette, Courtney, Paquette, Elliot, Lee, Kiwon, Cheng, Andrew N., Paquette, Courtney, and Paquette, Elliot
Abstract: We analyze the dynamics of large batch stochastic gradient descent with momentum (SGD+M) on the least squares problem when both the number of samples and dimensions are large. In this setting, we show that the dynamics of SGD+M converge to a deterministic discrete Volterra equation as dimension increases, which we analyze. We identify a stability measurement, the implicit conditioning ratio (ICR), which regulates the ability of SGD+M to accelerate the algorithm. When the batch size exceeds this ICR, SGD+M converges linearly at a rate of $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{\kappa})$, matching optimal full-batch momentum (in particular performing as well as a full-batch but with a fraction of the size). For batch sizes smaller than the ICR, in contrast, SGD+M has rates that scale like a multiple of the single batch SGD rate. We give explicit choices for the learning rate and momentum parameter in terms of the Hessian spectra that achieve this performance.
Published: 2022

40. The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

Author: Adamina, M, Ademuyiwa, A, Adisa, A, Bhangu, A, Bravo, A, Cunha, M, Emile, S, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Harris, B, Keller, D, Lawday, S, Lederhuber, H, Leventoglu, S, Li, E, Modolo, M, Mittal, R, Mohan, H, Nepogodiev, D, Parreno-Sacdalan, M, Pata, F, Pockney, P, Rutegard, M, Smart, N, Varghese, C, Siaw-Acheampong, K, Benson, R, Bywater, E, Chaudhry, D, Dawson, B, Evans, J, Gujjuri, R, Heritage, E, Jones, C, Kamarajah, S, Khatri, C, Khaw, R, Keatley, J, Knight, A, Mann, H, Marson, E, Mclean, K, Mckay, S, Mills, E, Pellino, G, Picciochi, M, Taylor, E, Tiwari, A, Trout, I, Venn, M, JW Wilkin, R, Minaya-Bravo, A, Gallo, G, Moug, S, Saverio, S, Vallance, A, Vimalchandran, D, Griffiths, E, Evans, R, Townend, P, Roberts, K, Isaac, J, Satoi, S, Edwards, J, Coonar, A, Marchbank, A, Caruana, E, Layton, G, Patel, A, Brunelli, A, Ford, S, Desai, A, Gronchi, A, Fiore, M, Almond, M, Tirotta, F, Dumitra, S, Kolias, A, Price, S, Fountain, D, Jenkinson, M, Hutchinson, P, Marcus, H, Piper, R, Lippa, L, Servadei, F, Esene, I, Freyschlag, C, Neville, I, Rosseau, G, Schaller, K, Demetriades, A, Robertson, F, Alamri, A, Shaw, R, Schache, A, Winter, S, Ho, M, Nankivell, P, Biel, J, Batstone, M, Ganly, I, Vidya, R, Wilkins, A, Singh, J, Thekinkattil, D, Sundar, S, Fotopoulou, C, Leung, E, Khan, T, Chiva, L, Sehouli, J, Fagotti, A, Cohen, P, Gutelkin, M, Ghebre, R, Konney, T, Pareja, R, Bristow, R, Dowdy, S, Shylasree, T, Seenivasagam, R, Ng, J, Fujiwara, K, Stewart, G, Lamb, B, Narahari, K, Mcneill, A, Colquhoun, A, Mcgrath, J, Bromage, S, Barod, R, Kasivisvanathan, V, Klatte, T, Abbott, T, Abukhalaf, S, Agarwal, A, Akkulak, M, Alameer, E, Alderson, D, Alakaloko, F, Albertsmeier, M, Alser, O, Alshaar, M, Alshryda, S, Arnaud, A, Augestad, K, Ayasra, F, Azevedo, J, Bankhead-Kendall, B, Barlow, E, Beard, D, Blanco-Colino, R, Brar, A, Breen, K, Bretherton, C, Buarque, I, Burke, J, Chaar, M, Chakrabortee, S, Christensen, P, Cox, D, Cukier, M, Davidson, G, Drake, T, Elhadi, M, Farik, S, Fitzgerald, J, Garmanova, T, Gomes, G, Grecinos, G, Gruendl, M, Halkias, C, Harrison, E, Hisham, I, Hwang, S, Isik, A, Jonker, P, Kaafarani, H, Kruijff, S, Lawani, I, Litvin, A, Loehrer, A, Loffler, M, Lorena, M, Major, P, Martin, J, Mashbari, H, Mazingi, D, Metallidis, S, Moore, R, Moszkowicz, D, Ng-Kamstra, J, Maimbo, M, Negoi, I, Niquen, M, Ntirenganya, F, Olivos, M, Oussama, K, Outani, O, Rivera, C, Pinkney, T, van der Plas, W, Qureshi, A, Radenkovic, D, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Richards, T, Roslani, A, Segura-Sampedro, J, Santos, I, Sayyed, R, Schnitzbauer, A, Seyi-Olajide, J, Sharma, N, Shaw, C, Shu, S, Soreide, K, Spinelli, A, Sund, M, Tabiri, S, Tsoulfas, G, van Ramshorst, G, Vimalachandran, D, Warren, O, Wedderburn, D, Wright, N, Valenzuela, J, Alurralde, C, Caram, E, Eskinazi, D, Badra, R, Garcia, J, Lucchini, S, Vasey, C, Watson, E, Cecire, J, Salindera, S, Sutherland, A, Ahn, J, Chen, S, Gauri, N, Jang, S, Jia, F, Mulligan, C, Yang, W, Ye, G, Zhang, H, Moss, J, Thian, A, Vo, U, Bagraith, K, Chan, E, Ho, D, Jeyarajan, E, Jordan, S, Nolan, G, Von Papen, M, Wullschleger, M, Dawson, A, Drane, A, Egoroff, N, Gani, J, Lott, N, Phan, D, Townend, D, Bong, C, Gundara, J, Bowman, S, Guerra, G, Gerns, N, Riddell, A, Dudi-Venkata, N, Kroon, H, Sammour, T, Mitchell, D, Swinson, B, Waldron, A, Walker, P, Lun, E, Messner, F, Ofner, D, Emmanuel, K, Grechenig, M, Gruber, R, Harald, M, Jager, T, Ohlberger, L, Presl, J, Wimmer, A, Namazov, I, Samadov, E, Barker, D, Boyce, R, Doyle, A, Eastmond, A, Gill, R, O'Shea, M, Padmore, G, Paquette, N, Phillips, E, St John, S, Walkes, K, Flamey, N, Pattyn, P, Ceelen, W, Van de Putte, D, Van Nieuwenhove, Y, Van Ramshorst, G, Willaert, W, Oosterlinck, W, Van den Eynde, J, Van den Eynde, R, Aguiar Junior, S, Marques, T, Camara, P, De Lima, R, Della Giustina, E, Hoffmann, P, Nacif, L, Carvalho Ferro, C, Lima Buarque, I, Lira dos Santos Leite, A, Pol-Fachin, L, Santos Bezerra, T, Silva, A, Silvestre, D, Vieira Barros, A, Laporte, G, Salem, M, Barakat Awada, J, Ijichi, T, Kim, N, Marreiro, A, Muller, B, Nunes, R, Bodanese, B, Isoton, J, Regina de Sampaio, L, Vendrame, C, Sokolov, M, Gribnev, P, Boutros, M, Caminsky, N, Ghitulescu, G, Groot, G, Persad, A, Pham, H, Wood, M, Demyttenaere, S, Garfinkle, R, Brown, C, Karimuddin, A, Lee, N, Liu, J, Madani Kia, T, Phang, P, Raval, M, Tom, K, Martel, A, Nessim, C, Stevenson, J, Al Riyami, S, Bali, K, Bigam, D, Dajani, K, Dell, A, Bellolio, F, Besser, N, Grasset, E, Inzunza, M, Quintana Martinic, M, Riquoir Altamirano, C, Ruiz Esquide, M, Arias-Amezquita, F, Cetares, C, Cortes Murgueitio, N, Gomez-Mayorga, J, Abadia, M, Bonilla, A, Facundo, H, Guevara, O, Herrera Mora, D, Jimenez Ramirez, L, Manrique, E, Pinilla Morales, R, Rey Ferro, M, Velasquez Cuasquen, B, Bacic, G, Karlovic, D, Krsul, D, Zelic, M, Bakmaz, B, Coza, I, Dijan, E, Katusic, Z, Mihanovic, J, Rakvin, I, Almezghwi, H, Arslan, K, Ozant, A, Ozcay, N, Frantzeskou, K, Gouvas, N, Kokkinos, G, Papatheodorou, P, Pozotou, I, Stavrinidou, O, Yiallourou, A, Martinek, L, Skrovina, M, Szubota, I, Peteja, M, Zatecky, J, Avlund, T, Harbjerg, J, Iversen, L, Kjaer, D, Kristensen, H, Mekhael, M, Ebbehoj, A, Krarup, P, Schlesinger, N, Smith, H, Crespo, A, Diaz, P, Rivas, R, Tactuk, N, El Kassas, M, Omar, W, Tawheed, A, Talaat, M, Abdelsamed, A, Azzam, A, Salem, H, Seleim, A, AL Sayed, M, Ashoush, F, Elazzazy, E, Essam, E, Ewedah, M, Hassan, E, Metwalli, M, Mourad, M, Qatora, M, Sabry, A, Samih, A, Samir Abdelaal, A, Shehata, S, Shenit, K, Attia, D, Kamal, N, Osman, N, Alaa, S, Hamza, H, M. elghazaly, S, Mohammed, M, Nageh, M, Saad, M, Yousof, E, Eldaly, A, Alrahawy, M, Sakr, A, Soliman, H, Soltan, H, Amira, G, Sallam, I, Sherief, M, Sherif, A, Ghaly, G, Hamdy, R, Morsi, A, Sherif, G, Abdeldayem, H, Abdelkader Salama, I, Balabel, M, Fayed, Y, Elmorsi, R, Refky, B, Bekele, K, Kauppila, J, Sarjanoja, E, Helminen, O, Huhta, H, Beyrne, C, Jouffret, L, Marie-Macron, L, Fredon, F, Roux, A, Lakkis, Z, Manfredelli, S, Chebaro, A, El Amrani, M, Lecolle, K, Piessen, G, Eveno, C, Noiret, B, Veziant, J, Pruvot, F, Zerbib, P, Ballouhey, Q, Barrat, B, Taibi, A, Bergeat, D, Merdrignac, A, Le Roy, B, Perotto, L, Scalabre, A, Aime, A, Ezanno, A, Malgras, B, Bouche, P, Tzedakis, S, Cotte, E, Glehen, O, Bendjemar, L, Braham, H, Charre, L, El Arbi, N, Police, A, Volpin, E, D'Urso, A, Mutter, D, Seeliger, B, Bonnet, S, Denet, C, Fuks, D, Laforest, A, Pourcher, G, Seguin-givelet, A, Tribillon, E, Duchalais, E, Bork, U, Fritzmann, J, Praetorius, C, Weitz, J, Welsch, T, Beyer, K, Kamphues, C, Lauscher, J, Loch, F, Schineis, C, Kappenberger, A, Schiergens, T, Werner, J, Becker, R, Jonescheit, J, Pergolini, I, Reim, D, Herzberg, J, Honarpisheh, H, Strate, T, Boeker, C, Hakami, I, Mall, J, Nowak, K, Reinhard, T, Kleeff, J, Michalski, C, Ronellenfitsch, U, Bertolani, E, Konigsrainer, A, Quante, M, Steidle, C, Uberruck, L, Yurttas, C, Izbicki, J, Nitschke, C, Perez, D, Uzunoglu, F, Antonakis, P, Contis, I, Dellaportas, D, Gklavas, A, Konstadoulakis, M, Memos, N, Papaconstantinou, I, Polydorou, A, Theodosopoulos, T, Vezakis, A, Antonopoulou, M, Manatakis, D, Tasis, N, Arkadopoulos, N, Danias, N, Economopoulou, P, Frountzas, M, Kokoropoulos, P, Larentzakis, A, Michalopoulos, N, Parasyris, S, Selmani, J, Sidiropoulos, T, Vassiliu, P, Bouchagier, K, Klimopoulos, S, Paspaliari, D, Stylianidis, G, Akrivou, D, Baxevanidou, K, Bouliaris, K, Chatzikomnitsa, P, Delinasios, G, Doudakmanis, C, Efthimiou, M, Giaglaras, A, Kalfountzos, C, Kolla, C, Koukoulis, G, Zervas, K, Zourntou, S, Baloyiannis, I, Diamantis, A, Perivoliotis, K, Tzovaras, G, Christidis, P, Ioannidis, O, Loutzidou, L, Karaitianos, I, Geroukalis, A, Tsirlis, T, Baili, E, Charalabopoulos, A, Liakakos, T, Schizas, D, Spartalis, E, Syllaios, A, Zografos, C, Christou, C, Papadopoulos, V, Tooulias, A, Athanasakis, E, Chrysos, E, Tsiaoussis, I, Xenaki, S, Xynos, E, Futaba, K, Hon, S, Mak, T, Ng, S, Foo, C, Banky, B, Susztak, N, Misra, S, Pareek, P, Vishnoi, J, Jain, A, Mishra, S, Mishra, T, Mitra, J, Muduly, D, Agrawal, A, Garg, P, Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, R, Majumdar, K, Mishra, N, Singh, M, Chyau Patnaik, S, Rao, S, Reddy, P, S, R, Saksena, A, Y, J, Ayloor Seshadri, R, Haque, P, Jeyaraj, P, Kannummal Veetil, S, Mahajan, A, Devarakonda, S, Jesudason, M, Moorthy, M, Yezzaji, H, Aggarwal, M, Dhamija, P, Kumar, A, Chisthi, M, D, G, George, G, Kollengode, V, Kuttanchettiyar, K, Yadev, I, Dharanipragada, K, Kalayarasan, R, Penumadu, P, B, L, Mathew, S, Akhtar, N, Chaturvedi, A, Gupta, S, Kumar, V, Rajan, S, Agrawal, N, Arora, A, Chaturvedi, H, Jain, M, Kumar, S, Singh, S, Bhat, G, Chowdri, N, Mehraj, A, Parray, F, Shah, Z, Wani, R, Ahmed, Z, Bhat, M, Laharwal, A, Mahmood, M, Mir, I, Mohammad, Z, Muzamil, J, Rashid, A, Singh, R, Ahmed, A, Jain, D, Pipara, A, Desoouza, A, Pandey, D, Pramesh, C, Saklani, A, Islam, A, Kembuan, G, Pajan, H, Aremu, M, Canas-Martinez, A, Cullivan, O, Murphy, C, Owens, P, Pickett, L, Corrigan, M, Daly, A, Fleming, C, Jordan, P, Kayyal, M, Killeen, S, Lynch, N, O'Brien, S, Syed, W, Vernon, L, Hanly, A, Heneghan, H, Kennelly, R, Martin, S, Winter, D, Fahey, B, Larkin, J, Mccormick, P, Mehigan, B, Shokuhi, P, Smith, J, Bashir, Y, Bass, G, Connelly, T, Creavin, B, Earley, H, Elliott, J, Gillis, A, Kavanagh, D, Neary, P, O'Riordan, J, Reynolds, I, Rice, D, Ridgway, P, Umair, M, Whelan, M, Corless, K, Finnegan, L, Fowler, A, Hogan, A, Lowery, A, Mckevitt, K, Nugent, E, Ryan, E, Coffey, J, Cunningham, R, Devine, M, Nally, D, Peirce, C, Hardy, N, O'Malley, S, Ryan, M, Gaziants, V, Gold-Deutch, R, Lavy, R, Zmora, O, Macina, S, Mariani, N, Opocher, E, Pisani Ceretti, A, Bianco, F, Marino, M, Mirabella, A, Vaccarella, G, Sena, G, Agostini, C, Alemanno, G, Bartolini, I, Bergamini, C, Bruscino, A, De Vincenti, R, Di Bella, A, Fortuna, L, Maltinti, G, Muiesan, P, Prosperi, P, Ringressi, M, Risaliti, M, Taddei, A, Tucci, R, Campagnaro, T, Guglielmi, A, Pedrazzani, C, Rattizzato, S, Ruzzenente, A, Turri, G, Altomare, D, Papagni, V, Picciariello, A, Bellora, P, D'Aloisio, G, Ferrari, M, Francone, E, Gentilli, S, Nikaj, H, Bianchini, M, Chiarugi, M, Coccolini, F, Cremonini, C, Di Franco, G, Furbetta, N, Gianardi, D, Guadagni, S, Morelli, L, Musetti, S, Palmeri, M, Tartaglia, D, Anania, G, Carcoforo, P, Chiozza, M, De Troia, A, Koleva Radica, M, Portinari, M, Sibilla, M, Urbani, A, Fabbri, N, Feo, C, Gennari, S, Parini, S, Righini, E, Annessi, V, Castro Ruiz, C, Giunta, A, Montella, M, Zizzo, M, Grossi, U, Novello, S, Romano, M, Rossi, S, Zanus, G, Esposito, G, Frongia, F, Pisanu, A, Podda, M, Belluco, C, Lauretta, A, Montori, G, Moras, L, Olivieri, M, Perra, T, Porcu, A, Scanu, A, Aversano, A, Carbone, F, Delrio, P, Di Lauro, K, Fares Bucci, A, Rega, D, Spiezio, G, Pirozzolo, G, Recordare, A, Vignotto, C, Calabro, M, Farnesi, F, Lunghi, E, Muratore, A, Pipitone Federico, N, De Palma, G, Luglio, G, Pagano, G, Tropeano, F, Baldari, L, Boni, L, Cassinotti, E, Cosimelli, M, Guaglio, M, Sorrentino, L, Agnes, A, Alfieri, S, Belia, F, Biondi, A, Cozza, V, D'Ugo, D, De Simone, V, Litta, F, Lorenzon, L, Marra, A, Marzi, F, Parello, A, Persiani, R, Ratto, C, Rosa, F, Scrima, O, Sganga, G, Belli, A, Izzo, F, Patrone, R, Foppa, C, Carvello, M, De Lucia, F, Aprile, A, Batistotti, P, Massobrio, A, Pertile, D, Scabini, S, Soriero, D, De Manzoni Garberini, A, Mazzotti, F, Pasini, F, Ugolini, G, Barone, R, Birolo, S, Caccetta, M, Deirino, A, Garino, M, Grasso, M, Marafante, C, Masciandaro, A, Moggia, E, Mungo, S, Murgese, A, Raggio, E, Federico, P, Maida, P, Marra, E, Marte, G, Petrillo, A, Tammaro, P, Tufo, A, Berselli, M, Borroni, G, Cocozza, E, Conti, L, Desio, M, Rizzi, A, Baldi, C, Corbellini, C, Sampietro, G, Bordoni, P, Clarizia, G, Fleres, F, Franzini, M, Grechi, A, Longhini, A, Spolini, A, Baldini, E, Capelli, P, Isolani, S, Ribolla, M, Bondurri, A, Colombo, F, Ferrario, L, Guerci, C, Maffioli, A, Armao, T, Ballabio, M, Bisagni, P, Longhi, M, Madonini, M, Impellizzeri, H, Inama, M, Moretto, G, Mochet, S, Usai, A, Incollingo, P, Giacometti, M, Zonta, S, Marino Cosentino, L, Sagnotta, A, Nespoli, L, Tamini, N, Anastasi, A, Bartalucci, B, Bellacci, A, Canonico, G, Capezzuoli, L, Di Martino, C, Ipponi, P, Linari, C, Montelatici, M, Nelli, T, Spagni, G, Tirloni, L, Vitali, A, Abate, E, Casati, M, Laface, L, Schiavo, M, Arminio, A, Cotoia, A, Lizzi, V, Vovola, F, Vergari, R, D'Ugo, S, Depalma, N, Spampinato, M, Annicchiarico, A, Catena, F, Giuffrida, M, Perrone, G, Baronio, G, Carissimi, F, Montuori, M, Pinotti, E, Brachini, G, Chiappini, A, Cicerchia, P, Cirillo, B, De Toma, G, Fiori, E, Fonsi, G, Iannone, I, La Torre, F, Lapolla, P, Meneghini, S, Mingoli, A, Sapienza, P, Zambon, M, Capolupo, G, Carannante, F, Mazzotta, E, Gattolin, A, Migliore, M, Rimonda, R, Sasia, D, Travaglio, E, Chessa, A, Fiorini, A, Norcini, C, Colletti, G, Confalonieri, M, Costanzi, A, Frattaruolo, C, Mari, G, Monteleone, M, Locatelli, A, Riva, C, Balconi, A, De Nardi, P, Parise, P, Vignali, A, Belvedere, A, Bernante, P, Droghetti, M, Jovine, E, Neri, J, Parlanti, D, Pezzuto, A, Poggioli, G, Rottoli, M, Russo, I, Tanzanu, M, Violante, T, Borghi, F, Cianflocca, D, Di Maria Grimaldi, S, Donati, D, Gelarda, E, Giraudo, G, Marano, A, Palagi, S, Pellegrino, L, Peluso, C, Testa, V, Agresta, F, Prando, D, Zese, M, Armatura, G, Frena, A, Bertelli, G, Marinello, P, Notte, F, Scotton, G, Cervellera, M, Gori, A, Sartarelli, L, Tonini, V, Sammarco, G, Vescio, G, Di Marzo, F, Kanemitsu, Y, Moritani, K, Al Abdallah, M, Ayasra, Y, Qasem, A, Fahmawee, T, Hmedat, A, Obeidat, K, Abou Chaar, M, Al-Masri, M, Al-Najjar, H, Alawneh, F, Aldokali, N, Senossi, O, Subhi, M, Algallai, M, Alwarfly, S, Alzaede, S, Gahwagi, M, Moftah, M, Burgan, D, Kamoka, E, Kilani, A, Abdelkabir, M, Altomi, I, Abdulwahed, E, Alshareea, E, Aribi, N, Aribi, S, Biala, M, Ghamgh, R, Alsoufi, A, Ellojli, I, Kredan, A, Msherghi, A, Alshareef, K, Alkadiki, G, Almaadany, F, Bradulskis, S, Dainius, E, Kubiliute, E, Kutkevicius, J, Parseliunas, A, Subocius, A, Venskutonis, D, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, F, Razafindrahita, J, Samison, L, Ngo, C, Ramasamy, S, Hamdan, K, Mdrazal, I, Tan, J, Thanapal, M, Choong, E, Lim, R, Sahid, N, Hayati, F, Jayasilan, J, Sriram, R, Subramaniam, S, Ibrahim, A, Che jusoh, A, Hussain, A, Mohamed Sidek, A, Mohd Yunus, M, Soh, J, Wong, M, Zakaria, A, Zakaria, Z, Mohd Azman, Z, Fathi, N, Xavier, R, Alvarez, M, Cordera, F, Hernandez, R, Soule Martinez, C, Aboharp Hasan, Z, Otoniel, L, Sosa Duran, E, Melchor-Ruan, J, Romero Banuelos, E, Vilar-Compte, D, Buerba, G, Mercado, M, Posadas-Trujillo, O, Salgado-Nesme, N, Sarre, C, Amrani, L, Benkabbou, A, El Ahmadi, B, El Bouazizi, Y, Belkhadir, Z, Ghannam, A, Majbar, A, Mohsine, R, Souadka, A, Hompes, R, Meima-van Praag, E, Pronk, A, Sharabiany, S, Grotenhuis, B, Hartveld, L, Ebben, L, Kuiper, S, Melenhorst, J, Poeze, M, Posma-Bouman, L, Derksen, T, Franken, J, Oosterling, S, Konsten, J, Van Heinsbergen, M, Adeyeye, A, Enoch, E, Nwabuoku, S, Sholadoye, T, Tolani, M, Olaogun, J, Abiyere, H, Babalola, O, Okunlola, A, Ali Sani, S, Chinda, J, Garba, S, Mshelbwala, P, Olori, S, Olute, A, Osagie, O, Pius Ogolekwu, I, Umar, A, Abdur-Rahman, L, Bello, J, Olasehinde, O, Popoola, A, Abassy, J, Ahmed, K, Alvi, A, Khan, S, Pirzada, A, Saleem, A, Siddiqui, M, Turk, K, Jamal, A, Kerawala, A, Memon, A, Nafees Ahmed, R, Rai, L, Ali, A, Afzal, M, Khokhar, M, Ayub, B, Ramesh, P, Ayyaz, M, Butt, U, Kashif, M, Farooka, M, Ayubi, A, Waqar, S, Al-Slaibi, I, Alzeerelhouseini, H, Jobran, F, Jocson, R, Teh, C, Uy Magadia, E, Bak, M, Dubienska, K, Lawnicka, A, Murawa, D, Janik, M, Kowalewski, P, Kwiatkowski, A, Roszkowski, R, Sroczynski, P, Waledziak, M, Azevedo, C, Machado, D, Mendes, F, De Sousa, X, Fernandes, U, Ferreira, C, Guidi, G, Marcal, A, Marques, R, Martins, D, Vaz-Pereira, R, Vieira, B, Almeida, J, Almeida-Reis, R, Correia de Sa, T, Costa, M, Fernandes, V, Ferraz, I, Lima da Cruz, L, Lima da Silva, C, Lopes, L, Machado, N, Marialva, J, Nunes Coelho, M, Pedro, J, Pereira, C, Ribeiro, A, Ribeiro, C, Santos, R, Saraiva, P, Silva, R, Tavares, F, Teixeira, M, Almeida, A, Amaral, M, Andrade, R, Camacho, C, Lazaro, A, Nogueira, O, Oliveira, A, Ruivo, A, Silva, M, Simoes, J, Devezas, V, Jacome, F, Nogueiro, J, Pereira, A, Santos-Sousa, H, Vaz, S, Pinto, J, Tojal, A, Cardoso, P, Martins, R, Martins dos Santos, G, Henriques, P, Morais, H, Sousa, S, Cardoso, N, Teixeira, J, Pereira, R, Revez, T, Ribeiro, R, Manso, I, Domingues, J, Amorim, E, Baptista, V, Sampaio da Novoa Gomes Miguel, I, Bandovas, J, Borges, N, Chumbinho, B, Figueiredo de Barros, I, Frade, S, Gomes, J, Kam da Silva Andrade, A, Pereira Rodrigues, A, Pina, S, Silva, N, Silveira Nunes, I, Sousa, R, Azevedo, P, Costeira, B, Cunha, C, Garrido, R, Miranda, P, Peralta Ferreira, M, Sousa Fernandes, M, Galvao, D, Vieira, A, Patricio, B, Santos, P, Vieira Paiva Lopes, A, Cunha, R, Faustino, A, Freitas, A, Mendes, J, Parreira, R, Abreu da Silva, A, Claro, M, Costa Santos, D, Deus, A, Grilo, J, Castro Borges, F, Corte Real, J, Henriques, S, Lima, M, Matos Costa, P, Alagoa Joao, A, Camarneiro, R, Capunge, I, Fragoso, M, Frazao, J, Martins, A, Pedro, V, Pera, R, Ramalho de Almeida, F, Sampaio Soares, A, Vale, R, Vasconcelos, M, Brito da Silva, F, Caiado, A, Fonseca, F, Angelo, M, Baiao, J, Martins Jordao, D, Vieira Caroco, T, Baia, C, Canotilho, R, Correia, A, Ferreira Pinto, A, Peyroteo, M, Videira, J, Kassir, R, Sauvat, F, Bonci, E, Gata, V, Titu, S, Bezede, C, Chitul, A, Ciofic, E, Cristian, D, Grama, F, Ciubotaru, C, Negoita, V, Stoica, B, Ginghina, O, Iordache, N, Iosifescu, R, Mardare, M, Mirica, R, Spanu, A, Vacaras, A, Zamfir-Chiru-Anton, M, Tsarkov, P, Tulina, I, Abelevich, A, Bazaev, A, Kokobelyan, A, Yanishev, A, Litvina, Y, Provozina, A, Agapov, M, Kazachenko, E, Markaryan, D, Galliamov, E, Kakotkin, V, Kubyshkin, V, Semina, E, Kamalov, A, Novikova, A, Zakharenko, A, Alshahrani, M, Alsharif, F, Eskander, M, Majrashi, S, Mashat, A, Alharthi, M, Aljiffry, M, Basendowah, M, Malibary, N, Nassif, M, Samkari, A, Trabulsi, N, Azab, M, Alqahtani, D, Jaloun, H, Mudawi, I, Al Awwad, S, Alghamdi, M, Alnumani, T, Awad, S, I Sharara, M, Al Habes, H, Alqannas, M, Alyami, M, Alzamanan, M, Cortes-Guiral, D, Elawad, A, Adi, H, Al ahmad, F, Al Ayed, A, Alishi, Y, Alaamer, O, Alselaim, N, Alfaifi, J, D'Souza, J, Al-Khayal, K, Alhassan, N, Alobeed, O, Alshammari, S, Bin Nasser, A, Bin Traiki, T, Nouh, T, Zubaidi, A, Abdulfattah, F, Al-Kharashi, E, Alanazi, F, Albaqami, F, Alghuliga, A, Alsowaina, K, Arab, N, Badahdah, F, Alobaysi, S, Alshahrani, A, Alzahrani, A, Aleksic, L, Antic, A, Barisic, G, Ceranic, M, Grubac, Z, Jelenkovic, J, Kecmanovic, D, Kmezic, S, Knezevic, D, Krivokapic, Z, Latincic, S, Markovic, V, Matic, S, Miladinov, M, Pavlov, M, Pejovic, I, Tadic, B, Vasljevic, J, Velickovic, D, Doklestic, K, Gregoric, P, Ivancevic, N, Loncar, Z, Micic, D, Buta, M, Cvetkovic, A, Gacic, S, Goran, M, Jeftic, N, Markovic, I, Milanovic, M, Nikolic, S, Pejnovic, L, Savkovic, N, Stevic, D, Vucic, N, Zegarac, M, Karamarkovic, A, Kenic, M, Milic, L, Kovacevic, B, Krdzic, I, Lieske, B, Almgla, N, Boutall, A, Herman, A, Kloppers, C, Nel, D, Rayamajhi, S, Paniagua Garcia Senorans, M, Vigorita, V, Acrich, E, Baena Sanfeliu, E, Barrios, O, Golda, T, Santanach, C, Serrano-Navidad, M, Sorribas Grifell, M, Vives, R, Escola, D, Jimenez, A, Alcazar, J, Angoso-Clavijo, M, Blanco-Antona, F, Carabias-Orgaz, A, Diaz Maag, R, Garcia-Plaza, A, Gonzalez-Munoz, J, Munoz-Bellvis, L, Sanchez Tocino, J, Sanchez-Casado, A, Trebol, J, Hernandez Gutierrez, J, Tebar Zamora, A, Palma, P, Cayetano Paniagua, L, Gomez Fernandez, L, Collera Ormazabal, P, Diaz del Gobbo, R, Farre Font, R, Flores Clotet, R, Gomez Diaz, C, Guardia, N, Guariglia, C, Osorio Ramos, A, Sanchez Jimenez, R, Sanchon, L, Soto Montesinos, C, Alonso-Lamberti, L, Garcia-Quijada, J, Jimenez Miramon, J, Jimenez, V, Jover, J, Leon, R, Rodriguez, J, Salazar, A, Valle Rubio, A, Aguado Lopez, H, Bravo Infante, R, De Lacy, F, Lacy, A, Otero, A, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Valverde, S, Anula, R, Avellana, R, Camarero Rodriguez, E, Catalan Garza, V, Dziakova, J, Garcia Alonso, M, Lasses Martinez, B, Lopez Antonanzas, L, Muguerza, J, Ochagavia, S, Pena Soria, M, Rivera-Alonso, D, Saez Carlin, P, Sanchez del Pueblo, C, Sanz Ortega, G, Sanz-Lopez, R, Torres, A, Martin-Arevalo, J, Moro-Valdezate, D, Pla-Marti, V, Beltran de Heredia, J, De Andres-Asenjo, B, Gomez Sanz, T, Jezieniecki, C, Nunez Del Barrio, H, Ortiz de Solorzano Aurusa, F, Romero de Diego, A, Ruiz Soriano, M, Trujillo Diaz, J, Vazquez Fernandez, A, Lora-Cumplido, P, Sosa-Rodriguez, M, Galvan Perez, A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E, Minaya Bravo, A, San Miguel, C, Alonso de la Fuente, N, Jimenez Toscano, M, Grau-Talens, E, Martin-Perez, B, Benavides Buleje, J, Carrasco Prats, M, Gimenez Frances, C, Munoz Camarena, J, Parra Banos, P, Pena Ros, E, Ramirez Faraco, M, Ruiz-Marin, M, Valero Soriano, M, Allue, M, Colsa, P, Garcia Dominguez, M, Gimenez Maurel, T, Martin Anoro, L, Ponchietti, L, Rodriguez Artigas, J, Roldon Golet, M, Utrilla Fornals, A, Estaire Gomez, M, Fernandez Camunas, A, Garcia Santos, E, Jimenez Higuera, E, Martinez-Pinedo, C, Munoz-Atienza, V, Padilla-Valverde, D, Picon Rodriguez, R, Sanchez-Garcia, S, Sanchez-Pelaez, D, Curtis Martinez, C, Sanchez-Guillen, L, Colombari, R, Del valle, E, Fernandez, M, Lozano Lominchar, P, Martin, L, Rey Valcarcel, C, Zorrilla Ortuzar, J, Alcaide Matas, F, Garcia Perez, J, Troncoso Pereira, P, Blas Laina, J, Cros, B, Escartin, J, Garcia Egea, J, Nogues, A, Talal El-Abur, I, Yanez, C, Mora-Guzman, I, Achalandabaso Boira, M, Sales Mallafre, R, Marin, H, Prieto Calvo, M, Villalabeitia Ateca, I, De Andres Olabarria, U, Duran Ballesteros, M, Fernandez Pablos, F, Ibanez-Aguirre, F, Sanz Larrainzar, A, Ugarte-Sierra, B, Acosta Merida, M, Ortiz Lopez, D, Yepes Cano, A, Correa Bonito, A, Delgado Burdalo, L, Di Martino, M, Garcia Septiem, J, Maqueda Gonzalez, R, Martin-Perez, E, Calvo Espino, P, Guillamot Ruano, P, Colao Garcia, L, Diaz Perez, D, Esteban Agusti, E, Galindo Jara, P, Gutierrez Samaniego, M, Hernandez Bartolome, M, Serrano Gonzalez, J, Alonso Poza, A, Dieguez, B, Garcia-Conde, M, Hernandez-Garcia, M, Losada, M, Alvarez, E, Chavarrias, N, Gegundez Simon, A, Gortazar de las Casas, S, Guevara-Martinez, J, Prieto Nieto, M, Ramos-Martin, P, Rubio-Perez, I, Saavedra, J, Urbieta, A, Aparicio-Lopez, D, Cantalejo diaz, M, De Miguel Ardevines, M, Dobon Rascon, M, Duque-Mallen, V, Gascon Ferrer, I, Gonzalez-Nicolas Trebol, M, Gracia-Roche, C, Herrero Lopez, M, Kalviainen, H, Martinez German, A, Matute, M, Sanchez Fuentes, N, Santero-Ramirez, M, Saudi, S, Blazquez Martin, A, Diez Alonso, M, Hernandez, P, Mendoza-Moreno, F, Ovejero Merino, E, Vera Mansilla, C, Matias-Garcia, B, Quiroga-Valcarcel, A, Barranquero, A, Cerro Zaballos, C, Nunez, J, Ocana, J, Ramos, D, Acebes Garcia, F, Bailon-Cuadrado, M, Bueno Canones, A, Choolani Bhojwani, E, Marcos-Santos, P, Miguel, T, Pacheco Sanchez, D, Perez-Saborido, B, Sanchez Gonzalez, J, Tejero-Pintor, F, Alconchel, F, Conesa, A, Gil Martinez, J, Gutierrez Fernandez, A, Lopez Abad, A, Nicolas-Lopez, T, Ramirez Romero, P, Roca Calvo, M, Rodrigues, K, Ruiz Manzanera, J, Soriano, A, Cano, A, Capitan-Morales, L, Cintas Catena, J, Gomez-Rosado, J, Oliva Mompean, F, Perez Sanchez, M, Rio Lafuente, F, Torres Arcos, C, Valdes-Hernandez, J, Cholewa, H, Frasson, M, Martinez Chicote, C, Sancho-Muriel, J, Estraviz, B, Fernandez Gomez Cruzado, L, Gonzalez de Miguel, M, Landaluce-olavarria, A, Abad-Gurumeta, A, Abad-Motos, A, Martinez-Hurtado, E, Ripolles-Melchor, J, Ruiz-Escobar, A, Cuadrado-Garcia, A, Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L, Heras Aznar, J, Mate Mate, P, Ortega Vazquez, I, Picardo, A, Rojo Lopez, J, Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera, F, Serralta de Colsa, D, Cagigas Fernandez, C, Caina Ruiz, R, Gomez Ruiz, M, Martinez-Perez, P, Santarrufina Martinez, S, Valbuena Jabares, V, Cagigal Ortega, E, Cervera, I, Diaz Pena, P, Gonzalez, J, Marqueta De Salas, M, Perez Gonzalez, M, Ramos Bonilla, A, Rodriguez Gomez, L, Alfonso Garcia, M, Craus-Miguel, A, Fernandez Vega, L, Ferrer-Inaebnit, E, Gil Catalan, A, Gonzalez Argente, F, Jeri, S, Oseira, A, Pujol Cano, N, Soldevila Verdeguer, C, Villalonga, B, Espin-Basany, E, Srishankar, S, Thalgaspitiya, S, Arulanantham, A, Bandara, G, Jayarajah, U, Ravindrakumar, S, Rodrigo, V, Ali karar, A, Elhafiz, M, Adam Essa Adam, M, Saleh, M, Arkani, S, Freedman, J, Angenete, E, Park, J, Alga, A, Heinius, G, Nordberg, M, Pieniowski, E, Lofgren, N, Arigoni, M, Bernasconi, M, Christoforidis, D, Di Giuseppe, M, La Regina, D, Mongelli, F, Chevallay, M, Dwidar, O, Gialamas, E, Sauvain, M, Crugnale, A, Guglielmetti, L, Peros, G, Gass, M, Metzger, J, Scheiwiller, A, Turina, M, Al Asadi, T, Alkhateb, S, Altom, R, Bakkar, B, Maa Albared, S, Melhem, S, Hammed, A, Hammed, S, Kacem, M, Maghrebi, H, Sebai, A, Aghayeva, A, Hamzaoglu, I, Sahin, I, Akaydin, E, Aliyeva, Z, Aytac, E, Baca, B, Ozben, V, Ozmen, B, Arikan, A, Bilgin, I, Kara, H, Karahasanoglu, T, Uras, C, Akbas, A, Altinel, Y, Calikoglu, F, Ercan, G, Ercetin, C, Hacim, N, Meric, S, Tokocin, M, Vartanoglu, T, Yigitbas, H, Dogangun, M, Iflazoglu, N, Yalkin, O, Cennet, O, Dincer, H, Erol, T, Alhamed, A, Ergun, S, Ozcelik, M, Sanli, A, Uludag, S, Velidedeoglu, M, Zengin, A, Kara, Y, Bozkurt, M, Kocatas, A, Eyuboglu, K, Guner, A, Usta, M, Azamat, I, Balik, E, Bugra, D, Kulle, C, Guler, S, Guresin, A, Tatar, O, Utkan, N, Yildirim, A, Yuksel, E, Abbasov, A, Yanar, H, Akin, E, Altintoprak, F, Cakmak, G, Celebi, F, Demir, H, Dikicier, E, Firat, N, Gonullu, E, Kamburoglu, M, Kucuk, I, Mantoglu, B, Colak, E, Kucuk, G, Uyanik, M, Goksoy, B, Bozkurt, E, Capkinoglu, E, Guven, O, Mihmanli, M, Omeroglu, S, Tanal, M, Yetkin, G, Akalin, M, Arican, C, Avci, E, Aydin, C, Demirli Atici, S, Emiroglu, M, Kaya, T, Kebabci, E, Kilinc Tuncer, G, Kirmizi, Y, Ogucu, H, Salimoglu, S, Sert, I, Tugmen, C, Tuncer, K, Uslu, G, Yesilyurt, D, Yildiz, A, Gultekin, F, Lule, H, Oguttu, B, Agilinko, J, Ahmeidat, A, Bekheit, M, Cheung, L, Kamera, B, Mignot, G, Shaikh, S, Sharma, P, Al-Mohammad, A, Ali, S, Ashcroft, J, Baker, O, Coughlin, P, Davies, R, Kyriacou, H, Mitrofan, C, Morris, A, Raby-Smith, W, Rooney, S, Singh, A, Tan, X, Townson, A, Tweedle, E, Kattakayam, A, Lunevicius, R, Sheel, A, Sud, A, Sundhu, M, Angelou, D, Choynowski, M, Mcaree, B, Mccanny, A, Neely, D, Kamel, F, Kumar, L, Madani, R, Nisar, P, Creanga, M, Elniel, M, Law, J, Mosley, F, Arrowsmith, L, Campbell, W, Grove, T, Kontovounisios, C, Doulias, T, Li, M, Martin, E, Rodwell, H, Clifford, R, Eardley, N, Krishnan, E, Manu, N, Roy Mahapatra, S, Serevina, O, Smith, C, Emslie, K, Labib, P, Minto, G, Natale, J, Panahi, P, Rogers, L, Abubakar, A, Akhter Rahman, M, O'Brien, H, Sasapu, K, Ng, H, Day, A, Hunt, A, Laskar, N, Gupta, A, Steinke, J, Thrumurthy, S, Massie, E, Mcgivern, K, Rutherford, D, Wilson, M, Bacarese-Hamilton, T, Ip, M, James, A, Salerno, G, Stockdale, T, Handa, S, Kaushal, M, Kler, A, Patel, P, Redfern, J, Tezas, S, Aawsaj, Y, Barry, C, Blackwell, L, Emerson, H, Fisher, A, Katory, M, Mustafa, A, Kretzmer, L, Lalou, L, Manku, B, Parwaiz, I, Stafford, J, Abdelkarim, M, Asqalan, A, Gala, T, Ibrahim, S, Maw, A, Mithany, R, Morgan, R, Sundaram Venkatesan, G, Banfield, D, Boal, M, Brown, O, Dean, H, Boulton, A, Hardie, C, Mcnaught, C, Karandikar, S, Naumann, D, Chen, F, Cheung, J, Ayorinde, J, Chase, T, Cuming, T, Ghanbari, A, Humphreys, L, Tayeh, S, Aboelkassem Ibrahim, A, Evans, C, Ikram, H, Loubani, M, Nazir, S, Robinson, A, Sehgal, T, Dixon, J, Jha, M, Thulasiraman, S, Viswanath, Y, Curl-Roper, T, Delimpalta, C, Liao, C, Velchuru, V, Westwood, E, Bond-Smith, G, Mastoridis, S, Tebala, G, Verberne, C, Anscomb, N, Baldwin-Smith, R, Davies, M, Grainger, C, Haji, A, Haq, A, Nunoo-Mensah, J, Rizk, M, Bhatti, M, Boyd-Carson, H, Elsey, E, Gemmill, E, Herrod, P, Mohammedjibreel, M, Lenzi, E, Saafan, T, Sapre, D, Sian, T, Watson, N, Athanasiou, A, Costigan, F, Elkadi, H, Johnstone, J, Nahm, C, Annamalai, S, Ashmore, C, Kourdouli, A, Chean, C, Dharamavaram, S, Kulkarni, N, Pereira, I, Shanthakunalan, K, Srikumar, B, Askari, A, Cirocchi, N, Kudchadkar, S, Patel, K, Sagar, J, Talwar, R, Abdalla, M, Ismail, O, Newton, K, Stylianides, N, Aderombi, A, Bajomo, O, Beatson, K, Garrett, W, Ng, V, Al-Habsi, R, Divya, G, Dixon, F, Keeler, B, Egan, R, Fabre, I, Harries, R, Li, Z, Parkins, K, Spencer, N, Thompson, D, Gemmell, C, Grieco, C, Hunt, L, Mahmoud Ali, F, Seebah, K, Shaikh, I, Sreedharan, L, Youssef, M, Shah, J, Baguley, M, Heer, B, Rogers, M, Woods, R, Mills, S, Sahnan, K, Ahmed, M, Bukhari, S, Illingworth, B, Kanthasamy, S, Knights, E, Ong, S, Pujari, R, Tan, K, Vanker, R, Michel, M, Patil, S, Ravindran, S, Sarveswaran, J, Scott, L, Khan, J, Cato, L, Kamal, M, Kulkarni, R, Parente, A, Saeed, S, Vijayan, D, English, C, Fell, A, Merh, R, Nikolaou, S, Kaul, S, Khan, A, Khan, F, Mukherjee, S, Patel, M, Sarigul, M, Adiamah, A, Brewer, H, Chowdhury, A, Humes, D, Jackman, J, Koh, A, Lewis-Lloyd, C, Oyende, O, Reilly, J, Worku, D, Bisset, C, Chadha, R, Math, S, Sarantitis, I, Timbrell, S, Vitone, L, Faulkner, G, Brixton, G, Findlay, L, Majkowska, A, Manson, J, Potter, R, Bhalla, A, Chia, Z, Daliya, P, Grimley, E, Malcolm, F, Theophilidou, E, Daniels, I, Fowler, G, Massey, L, Mcdermott, F, Rajaretnam, N, Angamuthu, N, Chowdhury, S, Gilliland, J, Hart, C, Knowles, J, Mirnezami, R, Varcada, M, Beamish, A, Magowan, D, Nassa, H, Price, C, Smith, L, Solari, F, Tang, A, Williams, G, Davies, E, Hawkin, P, Raymond, T, Ryska, O, Baron, R, Gahunia, S, Mcnicol, F, Russ, J, Szatmary, P, Thomas, A, Jayasinghe, J, Knowles, C, Ledesma, F, Minicozzi, A, Navaratne, L, Ramamoorthy, R, Sohrabi, C, Thaha, M, Atherton, R, Brocklehurst, M, Mcaleer, J, Parkin, E, Aladeojebi, A, Ali, M, Gaunt, A, Hammer, C, Stebbing, J, Coomber, E, Williams, O, Bunni, J, Fairhurst, K, Mitchell, S, Richards, S, Hraishawi, I, Mcilmunn, C, Mcintosh, S, Bhasin, S, Bodla, A, Burahee, A, Crichton, A, Fossett, R, Yassin, N, Barlow, C, Ding, D, Foster, J, Longstaff, L, Brown, S, Lee, M, Newman, T, Steele, C, Baker, A, Konstantinou, C, Ramcharan, S, Wilkin, R, Colvin, H, Shakoor, Z, Lyons, A, Newman, S, Chung, E, Hagger, R, Hainsworth, A, Karim, A, Owen, H, Ramwell, A, Williams, K, Hall, J, Harris, G, Royle, T, Watson, L, Asaad, P, Brown, B, Duff, S, Moura, F, Wadham, B, Mccluney, S, Parmar, C, Shah, S, Babar, M, Goodrum, S, Whitmore, H, Balasubramaniam, D, Jayasankar, B, Kapoor, S, Ramachandran, A, Beech, N, Chand, M, Green, L, Kiconco, H, Mcewen, R, Pereca, J, Arumugam, S, Ibrahim, B, Khan, K, Gash, K, Gourbault, L, Maccabe, T, Newton, C, Baig, M, Bates, H, Dunne, N, Khajuria, A, Sarma, D, Shortland, T, Tewari, N, Akhtar, M, Brunt, A, Mcintyre, J, Milne, K, Rashid, M, Sgro, A, Stewart, K, Turnbull, A, Gossedge, G, O'Donnell, S, Oldfield, F, Aguilar Gonzalez, M, Talukder, S, Eskander, P, Hanna, M, Olivier, J, Basnyat, P, Davis, H, Montauban, P, Shrestha, A, Magee, C, Powell, S, Flindall, I, Hanson, A, Mahendran, V, Green, S, Lim, M, Macdonald, L, Miu, V, Onos, L, Sheridan, K, Young, R, Alam, F, Griffiths, O, Houlden, C, Kolli, V, Lala, A, Seymour, Z, Consorti, E, Gonzalez, R, Kwan-Feinberg, R, Liu, T, Cooper, Z, Hirji, S, Mahvi, D, Okafor, B, Roxo, V, Salim, A, Telma, K, Bokenkamp, M, Haynes, A, Hill, C, Leede, E, Mcelhinney, K, Olson, K, Riley, C, Bigelow, B, Etchill, E, Gabre-Kidan, A, Jenny, H, Kent, A, Ladd, M, Long, C, Malapati, H, Margalit, A, Rapaport, S, Rose, J, Stevens, K, Tsai, L, Vervoort, D, Yesantharao, P, Klaristenfeld, D, Huynh, K, Naar, L, Qadan, M, Cha, D, Gleeson, E, Horn, C, Sarpel, U, Bhama, A, Colling, K, Najarian, M, Azam, M, Choudhry, A, Marx, W, Chokshi, R, Glass, N, Tsui, G, Abel, M, Boeck, M, Chern, H, Kornblith, L, Nunez-Garcia, B, Ozgediz, D, Sarin, A, Varma, M, Abbott, D, Acher, A, Aiken, T, Barrett, J, Foley, E, Schwartz, P, Zafar, S, Hawkins, A, Maiga, A, Ruzgar, N, Sion, M, Ullrich, S, Al-Naggar, H, Al-Shehari, M, Almassaudi, A, Alsayadi, M, Alsayadi, R, Shream, S, Adamina M., Ademuyiwa A., Adisa A., Bhangu A. A., Bravo A. M., Cunha M. F., Emile S., Ghosh D., Glasbey J. C., Harris B., Keller D., Lawday S., Lederhuber H., Leventoglu S., Li E., Modolo M. M., Mittal R., Mohan H. M., Nepogodiev D., Parreno-Sacdalan M. D., Pata F., Pockney P., Rutegard M., Smart N., Varghese C., Siaw-Acheampong K., Benson R. A., Bywater E., Chaudhry D., Dawson B. E., Evans J. P., Gujjuri R. R., Heritage E., Jones C. S., Kamarajah S. K., Khatri C., Khaw R. A., Keatley J. M., Knight A., Mann H. S., Marson E. J., McLean K. A., Mckay S. C., Mills E. C., Pellino G., Picciochi M., Taylor E. H., Tiwari A., Trout I. M., Venn M. L., JW Wilkin R., Bhangu A., Smart N. J., Minaya-Bravo A., Gallo G., Moug S., Saverio S. D., Vallance A., Vimalchandran D., Griffiths E. A., Evans R. P. T., Townend P., Roberts K., McKay S., Isaac J., Satoi S., Edwards J., Coonar A. S., Marchbank A., Caruana E. J., Layton G. R., Patel A., Brunelli A., Ford S., Desai A., Gronchi A., Fiore M., Almond M., Tirotta F., Dumitra S., Kolias A., Price S. J., Fountain D. M., Jenkinson M. D., Hutchinson P., Marcus H. J., Piper R. J., Lippa L., Servadei F., Esene I., Freyschlag C., Neville I., Rosseau G., Schaller K., Demetriades A. K., Robertson F., Alamri A., Shaw R., Schache A. G., Winter S. C., Ho M., Nankivell P., Biel J. R., Batstone M., Ganly I., Vidya R., Wilkins A., Singh J. K., Thekinkattil D., Sundar S., Fotopoulou C., Leung E. Y. L., Khan T., Chiva L., Sehouli J., Fagotti A., Cohen P., Gutelkin M., Ghebre R., Konney T., Pareja R., Bristow R., Dowdy S., Shylasree T. S., Seenivasagam R. K., Ng J., Fujiwara K., Stewart G. D., Lamb B., Narahari K., McNeill A., Colquhoun A., McGrath J. S., Bromage S., Barod R., Kasivisvanathan V., Klatte T., Abbott T. E. F., Abukhalaf S., Ademuyiwa A. O., Agarwal A., Akkulak M., Alameer E., Alderson D., Alakaloko F., Albertsmeier M., Alser O., Alshaar M., Alshryda S., Arnaud A. P., Augestad K. M., Ayasra F., Azevedo J., Bankhead-Kendall B. K., Barlow E., Beard D., Blanco-Colino R., Brar A., Breen K. A., Bretherton C., Buarque I. L., Burke J., Chaar M., Chakrabortee S., Christensen P., Cox D., Cukier M., Davidson G. H., Drake T. M., Edwards J. G., Elhadi M., Farik S., Fitzgerald J. E., Garmanova T., Gomes G. M. A., Grecinos G., Gruendl M., Halkias C., Harrison E. M., Hisham I., Hutchinson P. J., Hwang S., Isik A., Jonker P., Kaafarani H. M. A., Kruijff S., Lawani I., Litvin A., Loehrer A., Loffler M. W., Lorena M. A., Major P., Martin J., Mashbari H. N., Mazingi D., Metallidis S., Moore R., Moszkowicz D., Ng-Kamstra J. S., Maimbo M., Negoi I., Niquen M., Ntirenganya F., Olivos M., Oussama K., Outani O., Rivera C. J. P., Pinkney T. D., van der Plas W., Qureshi A., Radenkovic D., Ramos-De la Medina A., Richards T., Roslani A. C., Segura-Sampedro J. J., Santos I., Sayyed R., Schache A., Schnitzbauer A. A., Seyi-Olajide J. O., Sharma N., Shaw C. A., Shu S., Soreide K., Spinelli A., Sund M., Tabiri S., Tsoulfas G., van Ramshorst G. H., Vimalachandran D., Warren O. J., Wedderburn D., Wright N., Valenzuela J. I., Alurralde C., Caram E. L., Eskinazi D. G., Badra R., Garcia J. S., Lucchini S. M., Vasey C., Watson E., Cecire J., Salindera S., Sutherland A., Ahn J. H., Chen S., Gauri N., Jang S., Jia F., Mulligan C. S., Yang W., Ye G., Zhang H., Moss J., Thian A., Vo U. G., Bagraith K., Chan E., Ho D., Jeyarajan E., Jordan S., Nolan G. J., Von Papen M., Wullschleger M., Dawson A. C., Drane A., Egoroff N., Gani J., Lott N., Phan D., Townend D., Bong C., Gundara J., Bowman S., Guerra G. R., Gerns N., Riddell A., Dudi-Venkata N. N., Kroon H. M., Sammour T., Mitchell D., Swinson B., Waldron A., Walker P., Lun E. W. Y., Messner F., Ofner D., Emmanuel K., Grechenig M., Gruber R., Harald M., Jager T., Ohlberger L., Presl J., Wimmer A., Namazov I., Samadov E., Barker D., Boyce R., Doyle A., Eastmond A., Gill R., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Paquette N., Phillips E., St John S., Walkes K., Flamey N., Pattyn P., Ceelen W., Van de Putte D., Van Nieuwenhove Y., Van Ramshorst G., Willaert W., Oosterlinck W., Van den Eynde J., Van den Eynde R., Aguiar Junior S., Marques T., Camara P., De Lima R. K., Della Giustina E., Hoffmann P. V., Nacif L., Carvalho Ferro C., Lima Buarque I., Lira dos Santos Leite A., Pol-Fachin L., Santos Bezerra T., Silva A., Silvestre D., Vieira Barros A., Laporte G., Salem M., Barakat Awada J., Ijichi T. R., Kim N. J., Marreiro A., Muller B., Nunes R., Bodanese B., Isoton J. C., Regina de Sampaio L., Vendrame C., Sokolov M., Gribnev P., Boutros M., Caminsky N., Ghitulescu G., Groot G., Persad A., Pham H., Wood M., Demyttenaere S., Garfinkle R., Brown C., Karimuddin A., Lee N., Liu J., Madani Kia T., Phang P. T., Raval M., Tom K., Martel A., Nessim C., Stevenson J., Al Riyami S., Bali K., Bigam D., Dajani K., Dell A., Bellolio F., Besser N., Grasset E., Inzunza M., Quintana Martinic M., Riquoir Altamirano C., Ruiz Esquide M., Arias-Amezquita F., Cetares C., Cortes Murgueitio N., Gomez-Mayorga J. L., Abadia M., Bonilla A., Facundo H., Guevara O., Herrera Mora D. R., Jimenez Ramirez L. J., Manrique E., Pinilla Morales R. E., Rey Ferro M., Velasquez Cuasquen B. G., Bacic G., Karlovic D., Krsul D., Zelic M., Bakmaz B., Coza I., Dijan E., Katusic Z., Mihanovic J., Rakvin I., Almezghwi H., Arslan K., Ozant A., Ozcay N., Frantzeskou K., Gouvas N., Kokkinos G., Papatheodorou P., Pozotou I., Stavrinidou O., Yiallourou A., Martinek L., Skrovina M., Szubota I., Peteja M., Zatecky J., Avlund T., Harbjerg J. L., Iversen L. H., Kjaer D. W., Kristensen H. O., Mekhael M., Ebbehoj A. L., Krarup P., Schlesinger N., Smith H., Crespo A., Diaz P., Rivas R., Tactuk N., El Kassas M., Omar W., Tawheed A., Talaat M., Abdelsamed A., Azzam A. Y., Salem H., Seleim A., AL Sayed M., Ashoush F., Elazzazy E., Essam E., Ewedah M., Hassan E., Metwalli M., Mourad M., Qatora M. S., Sabry A., Samih A., Samir Abdelaal A., Shehata S., Shenit K., Attia D., Kamal N., Osman N., Alaa S., Hamza H. M., M. elghazaly S., Mohammed M. M., Nageh M. A., Saad M. M., Yousof E. A., Eldaly A., Alrahawy M., Sakr A., Soliman H., Soltan H., Amira G., Sallam I., Sherief M., Sherif A., Ghaly G., Hamdy R., Morsi A., Sherif G., Abdeldayem H., Abdelkader Salama I., Balabel M., Fayed Y., Sherif A. E., Elmorsi R., Refky B., Bekele K., Kauppila J. H., Sarjanoja E., Helminen O., Huhta H., Beyrne C., Jouffret L., Marie-Macron L., Fredon F., Roux A., Lakkis Z., Manfredelli S., Chebaro A., El Amrani M., Lecolle K., Piessen G., Eveno C., Noiret B., Veziant J., Pruvot F. R., Zerbib P., Ballouhey Q., Barrat B., Taibi A., Bergeat D., Merdrignac A., Le Roy B., Perotto L. O., Scalabre A., Aime A., Ezanno A. C., Malgras B., Bouche P. A., Tzedakis S., Cotte E., Glehen O., Bendjemar L., Braham H., Charre L., El Arbi N., Police A., Volpin E., D'Urso A., Mutter D., Seeliger B., Bonnet S., Denet C., Fuks D., Laforest A., Pourcher G., Seguin-givelet A., Tribillon E., Duchalais E., Bork U., Fritzmann J., Praetorius C., Weitz J., Welsch T., Beyer K., Kamphues C., Lauscher J., Loch F. N., Schineis C., Kappenberger A., Schiergens T., Werner J., Becker R., Jonescheit J., Pergolini I., Reim D., Herzberg J., Honarpisheh H., Strate T., Boeker C., Hakami I., Mall J. W., Nowak K., Reinhard T., Kleeff J., Michalski C., Ronellenfitsch U., Bertolani E., Konigsrainer A., Quante M., Steidle C., Uberruck L., Yurttas C., Izbicki J., Nitschke C., Perez D., Uzunoglu F. G., Antonakis P., Contis I., Dellaportas D., Gklavas A., Konstadoulakis M., Memos N., Papaconstantinou I., Polydorou A., Theodosopoulos T., Vezakis A., Antonopoulou M. I., Manatakis D. K., Tasis N., Arkadopoulos N., Danias N., Economopoulou P., Frountzas M., Kokoropoulos P., Larentzakis A., Michalopoulos N., Parasyris S., Selmani J., Sidiropoulos T., Vassiliu P., Bouchagier K., Klimopoulos S., Paspaliari D., Stylianidis G., Akrivou D., Baxevanidou K., Bouliaris K., Chatzikomnitsa P., Delinasios G., Doudakmanis C., Efthimiou M., Giaglaras A., Kalfountzos C., Kolla C., Koukoulis G., Zervas K., Zourntou S., Baloyiannis I., Diamantis A., Perivoliotis K., Tzovaras G., Christidis P., Ioannidis O., Loutzidou L., Karaitianos I. G., Geroukalis A., Tsirlis T., Baili E., Charalabopoulos A., Liakakos T., Schizas D., Spartalis E., Syllaios A., Zografos C., Christou C., Papadopoulos V., Tooulias A., Athanasakis E., Chrysos E., Tsiaoussis I., Xenaki S., Xynos E., Futaba K., Ho M. F., Hon S., Mak T. W. C., Ng S., Foo C. C., Banky B., Susztak N., Misra S., Pareek P., Vishnoi J. R., Jain A., Mishra S., Mishra T., Mitra J. K., Muduly D., Agrawal A., Garg P. K., Kottayasamy Seenivasagam R., Majumdar K. S., Mishra N., Singh M. P., Chyau Patnaik S., Rao S., Reddy P., S R., Saksena A. R., Y J., Ayloor Seshadri R., Haque P. D., Jeyaraj P., Kannummal Veetil S., Mahajan A., Devarakonda S., Jesudason M. R., Moorthy M., Yezzaji H., Aggarwal M., Dhamija P., Kumar A., Chisthi M., D G., George G., Kollengode V. V., Kuttanchettiyar K. G., Yadev I., Dharanipragada K., Kalayarasan R., Penumadu P., B L., Mathew S., Akhtar N., Chaturvedi A., Gupta S., Kumar V., Rajan S., Agrawal N., Arora A., Chaturvedi H., Jain M., Kumar S., Singh S., Bhat G. A., Chowdri N., Mehraj A., Parray F. Q., Shah Z. A., Wani R., Ahmed Z., Bhat M. A., Laharwal A., Mahmood M., Mir I., Mohammad Z., Muzamil J., Rashid A., Singh R., Ahmed A., Jain D., Pipara A., Desoouza A., Pandey D., Pramesh C. S., Saklani A., Islam A. A., Kembuan G., Pajan H., Aremu M., Canas-Martinez A., Cullivan O., Murphy C., Owens P., Pickett L., Corrigan M., Daly A., Fleming C. A., Jordan P., Kayyal M. Y., Killeen S., Lynch N., O'Brien S., Syed W. A. S., Vernon L., Hanly A., Heneghan H., Kennelly R., Martin S. T., Winter D., Fahey B. A., Larkin J., Mccormick P., Mehigan B. J., Mohan H., Shokuhi P., Smith J., Bashir Y., Bass G., Connelly T., Creavin B., Earley H., Elliott J. A., Gillis A. E., Kavanagh D., Neary P., O'Riordan J., Reynolds I. S., Rice D., Ridgway P. F., Umair M., Whelan M., Corless K., Finnegan L., Fowler A., Hogan A., Lowery A., McKevitt K., Nugent E., Ryan E. J., Coffey J. C., Cunningham R. M., Devine M., Nally D., Peirce C., Hardy N. P., Neary P. M., O'Malley S., Ryan M., Gaziants V., Gold-Deutch R., Lavy R., Zmora O., Macina S., Mariani N. M., Opocher E., Pisani Ceretti A., Bianco F., Marino M., Marino M. V., Mirabella A., Vaccarella G., Sena G., Agostini C., Alemanno G., Bartolini I., Bergamini C., Bruscino A., De Vincenti R., Di Bella A., Fortuna L., Maltinti G., Muiesan P., Prosperi P., Ringressi M. N., Risaliti M., Taddei A., Tucci R., Campagnaro T., Guglielmi A., Pedrazzani C., Rattizzato S., Ruzzenente A., Turri G., Altomare D. F., Papagni V., Picciariello A., Bellora P., D'Aloisio G., Ferrari M., Francone E., Gentilli S., Nikaj H., Bianchini M., Chiarugi M., Coccolini F., Cremonini C., Di Franco G., Furbetta N., Gianardi D., Guadagni S., Morelli L., Musetti S., Palmeri M., Tartaglia D., Anania G., Carcoforo P., Chiozza M., De Troia A., Koleva Radica M., Portinari M., Sibilla M. G., Urbani A., Fabbri N., Feo C. V., Gennari S., Parini S., Righini E., Annessi V., Castro Ruiz C., Giunta A., Montella M. T., Zizzo M., Grossi U., Novello S., Romano M., Rossi S., Zanus G., Esposito G., Frongia F., Pisanu A., Podda M., Belluco C., Lauretta A., Montori G., Moras L., Olivieri M., Feo C. F., Perra T., Porcu A., Scanu A. M., Aversano A., Carbone F., Delrio P., Di Lauro K., Fares Bucci A., Rega D., Spiezio G., Pirozzolo G., Recordare A., Vignotto C., Calabro M., Farnesi F., Lunghi E. G., Muratore A., Pipitone Federico N. S., De Palma G., Luglio G., Pagano G., Tropeano F. P., Baldari L., Boni L., Cassinotti E., Cosimelli M., Guaglio M., Sorrentino L., Agnes A., Alfieri S., Belia F., Biondi A., Cozza V., D'Ugo D., De Simone V., Litta F., Lorenzon L., Marra A. A., Marzi F., Parello A., Persiani R., Ratto C., Rosa F., Scrima O., Sganga G., Belli A., Izzo F., Patrone R., Foppa C., Carvello M. M., De Lucia F., Aprile A., Batistotti P., Massobrio A., Pertile D., Scabini S., Soriero D., De Manzoni Garberini A., Mazzotti F., Pasini F., Ugolini G., Barone R., Birolo S. L., Caccetta M., Deirino A., Garino M., Grasso M., Marafante C., Masciandaro A., Moggia E., Mungo S., Murgese A., Raggio E., Federico P., Maida P., Marra E., Marte G., Petrillo A., Tammaro P., Tufo A., Berselli M., Borroni G., Cocozza E., Conti L., Desio M., Rizzi A., Baldi C., Corbellini C., Sampietro G. M., Bordoni P., Clarizia G., Fleres F., Franzini M., Grechi A., Longhini A., Spolini A., Baldini E., Capelli P., Isolani S. M., Ribolla M., Bondurri A., Colombo F., Ferrario L., Guerci C., Maffioli A., Armao T., Ballabio M., Bisagni P., Longhi M., Madonini M., Impellizzeri H., Inama M., Moretto G., Mochet S., Usai A., Incollingo P., Giacometti M., Zonta S., Marino Cosentino L., Sagnotta A., Nespoli L. C., Tamini N., Anastasi A., Bartalucci B., Bellacci A., Canonico G., Capezzuoli L., Di Martino C., Ipponi P., Linari C., Montelatici M., Nelli T., Spagni G., Tirloni L., Vitali A., Abate E., Casati M., Laface L., Schiavo M., Arminio A., Cotoia A., Lizzi V., Vovola F., Vergari R., D'Ugo S., Depalma N., Spampinato M. G., Annicchiarico A., Catena F., Giuffrida M., Perrone G., Baronio G., Carissimi F., Montuori M., Pinotti E., Brachini G., Chiappini A., Cicerchia P. M., Cirillo B., De Toma G., Fiori E., Fonsi G. B., Iannone I., La Torre F., Lapolla P., Meneghini S., Mingoli A., Sapienza P., Zambon M., Capolupo G. T., Carannante F., Mazzotta E., Gattolin A., Migliore M., Rimonda R., Sasia D., Travaglio E., Chessa A., Fiorini A., Norcini C., Colletti G., Confalonieri M., Costanzi A., Frattaruolo C., Mari G., Monteleone M., Locatelli A., Riva C., Balconi A., De Nardi P., Parise P., Vignali A., Belvedere A., Bernante P., Droghetti M., Jovine E., Neri J., Parlanti D., Pezzuto A. P., Poggioli G., Rottoli M., Russo I. S., Tanzanu M., Violante T., Borghi F., Cianflocca D., Di Maria Grimaldi S., Donati D., Gelarda E., Giraudo G., Giuffrida M. C., Marano A., Palagi S., Pellegrino L., Peluso C., Testa V., Agresta F., Prando D., Zese M., Armatura G., Frena A., Bertelli G., Marinello P., Notte F., Scotton G., Cervellera M., Gori A., Sartarelli L., Tonini V., Sammarco G., Vescio G., Di Marzo F., Kanemitsu Y., Moritani K., Al Abdallah M., Ayasra Y., Qasem A., Fahmawee T., Hmedat A., Obeidat K., Abou Chaar M. K., Al-Masri M., Al-Najjar H., Alawneh F., Aldokali N., Senossi O., Subhi M. T., Algallai M., Alwarfly S., Alzaede S., Gahwagi M., Moftah M., Burgan D., Kamoka E., Kilani A. I., Abdelkabir M., Altomi I., Abdulwahed E., Alshareea E., Aribi N., Aribi S., Biala M., Ghamgh R., Alsoufi A., Ellojli I., Kredan A., Msherghi A., Alshareef K., Alkadiki G. Z., Almaadany F. S., Bradulskis S., Dainius E., Kubiliute E., Kutkevicius J., Parseliunas A., Subocius A., Venskutonis D., Rasoaherinomenjanahary F., Razafindrahita J. B., Samison L. H., Ngo C. W., Ramasamy S., Hamdan K. H., MdRazali. I K. H., Tan J. A., Thanapal M. R., Choong E., Lim R. Z. M., Sahid N. A., Hayati F., Jayasilan J., Sriram R. K., Subramaniam S., Ibrahim A. F., Che jusoh A., Hussain A. H., Mohamed Sidek A. S., Mohd Yunus M. F., Soh J. Y., Wong M. P., Zakaria A. D., Zakaria Z., Mohd Azman Z. A., Fathi N. Q., Xavier R., Alvarez M. R., Cordera F., Hernandez R., Soule Martinez C. E., Aboharp Hasan Z., Otoniel L. R., Sosa Duran E. E., Melchor-Ruan J., Romero Banuelos E., Vilar-Compte D., Buerba G. A., Mercado M. A., Posadas-Trujillo O. E., Salgado-Nesme N., Sarre C., Amrani L., Benkabbou A., El Ahmadi B., El Bouazizi Y., Belkhadir Z. H., Ghannam A., Majbar A. M., Mohsine R., Souadka A., Hompes R., Meima-van Praag E. M., Pronk A. J. M., Sharabiany S., Grotenhuis B. A., Hartveld L., Ebben L., Kuiper S., Melenhorst J., Poeze M., Posma-Bouman L., Derksen T., Franken J., Oosterling S., Konsten J., Van Heinsbergen M., Adeyeye A., Enoch E., Nwabuoku S. E., Sholadoye T. T., Tolani M. A., Olaogun J., Abiyere H., Babalola O., Okunlola A., Ali Sani S., Chinda J., Garba S., Mshelbwala P., Olori S., Olute A., Osagie O., Pius Ogolekwu I., Umar A., Abdur-Rahman L. O., Bello J. O., Olasehinde O., Popoola A. A., Abassy J., Ahmed K., Alvi A., Khan S., Pirzada A., Saleem A., Siddiqui M. T., Turk K., Jamal A., Kerawala A. A., Memon A. S., Nafees Ahmed R., Rai L., Ali A. A., Afzal M. F., Khokhar M. I., Ayub B., Ramesh P., Ayyaz M., Butt U., Kashif M., Qureshi A. U., Farooka M. W., Ayubi A., Waqar S. H., Al-Slaibi I., Alzeerelhouseini H. I. A., Jobran F., Abukhalaf S. A., Jocson R., Teh C., Uy Magadia E., Bak M., Dubienska K., Lawnicka A., Murawa D., Janik M., Kowalewski P., Kwiatkowski A., Roszkowski R., Sroczynski P., Waledziak M., Azevedo C., Machado D., Mendes F., De Sousa X., Fernandes U., Ferreira C., Guidi G., Marcal A., Marques R., Martins D., Vaz-Pereira R., Vieira B., Almeida J. I., Almeida-Reis R., Correia de Sa T., Costa M. J. M. A., Fernandes V., Ferraz I., Lima da Cruz L., Lima da Silva C., Lopes L., Machado N., Marialva J., Nunes Coelho M., Pedro J., Pereira C., Ribeiro A., Ribeiro C. G., Santos R., Saraiva P., Silva R., Tavares F., Teixeira M., Almeida A. C., Amaral M. J., Andrade R., Camacho C., Costa M., Lazaro A., Nogueira O., Oliveira A., Ruivo A., Silva M., Simoes J. F. F., Devezas V., Jacome F., Nogueiro J., Pereira A., Santos-Sousa H., Vaz S., Pinto J., Tojal A., Cardoso P., Martins R., Martins dos Santos G., Henriques P., Morais H., Sousa S., Cardoso N., Teixeira J., Pereira R., Revez T., Ribeiro R., Manso I., Domingues J., Amorim E., Baptista V. H., Sampaio da Novoa Gomes Miguel I. I., Bandovas J. P., Borges N., Chumbinho B., Figueiredo de Barros I., Frade S., Gomes J., Kam da Silva Andrade A., Pereira Rodrigues A., Pina S., Silva N., Silveira Nunes I., Sousa R., Azevedo P., Costeira B., Cunha C., Garrido R., Miranda P., Peralta Ferreira M., Sousa Fernandes M., Galvao D., Vieira A., Patricio B., Santos P. M. D. D., Vieira Paiva Lopes A. C., Cunha R., Faustino A., Freitas A., Mendes J. R., Parreira R., Abreu da Silva A., Claro M., Costa Santos D., Deus A. C., Grilo J. V., Castro Borges F., Corte Real J., Henriques S., Lima M. J., Matos Costa P., Alagoa Joao A., Camarneiro R., Capunge I., Fragoso M., Frazao J., Martins A., Pedro V., Pera R., Ramalho de Almeida F., Sampaio Soares A., Vale R., Vasconcelos M., Brito da Silva F., Caiado A., Fonseca F., Angelo M., Baiao J. M., Martins Jordao D., Vieira Caroco T., Baia C., Canotilho R., Correia A. M., Ferreira Pinto A. P., Peyroteo M., Videira J. F., Kassir R., Sauvat F., Bonci E., Gata V., Titu S., Bezede C., Chitul A., Ciofic E., Cristian D., Grama F., Ciubotaru C., Negoita V. M., Stoica B., Ginghina O., Iordache N., Iosifescu R. V., Mardare M., Mirica R. M., Spanu A., Vacaras A. B., Zamfir-Chiru-Anton M., Tsarkov P., Tulina I., Abelevich A., Bazaev A., Kokobelyan A. K., Yanishev A., Litvina Y., Provozina A., Agapov M., Kazachenko E., Markaryan D., Galliamov E., Kakotkin V., Kubyshkin V., Semina E., Kamalov A., Novikova A., Zakharenko A., Alshahrani M., Alsharif F., Eskander M., Majrashi S., Mashat A., Alharthi M., Aljiffry M., Basendowah M., Malibary N., Nassif M., Samkari A., Trabulsi N., Azab M. A., Alqahtani D., Jaloun H., Mudawi I., Al Awwad S., Alghamdi M., Alnumani T., Awad S., I Sharara M., Al Habes H., Alqannas M., Alyami M., Alzamanan M., Cortes-Guiral D., Elawad A., Adi H., Al ahmad F., Al Ayed A., Alishi Y., AlAamer O., Alselaim N., Alfaifi J., D'Souza J., Al-Khayal K., Alhassan N., Alobeed O., Alshammari S., Bin Nasser A., Bin Traiki T., Nouh T., Zubaidi A., Abdulfattah F., Al-Kharashi E., Alanazi F., Albaqami F., Alghuliga A., Alsowaina K., Arab N., Badahdah F., Alobaysi S., Alshahrani A., Alzahrani A., Aleksic L., Antic A., Barisic G., Ceranic M., Grubac Z., Jelenkovic J., Kecmanovic D., Kmezic S., Knezevic D., Krivokapic Z., Latincic S., Markovic V., Matic S., Miladinov M., Pavlov M., Pejovic I., Tadic B., Vasljevic J., Velickovic D., Doklestic K., Gregoric P., Ivancevic N., Loncar Z., Micic D., Buta M., Cvetkovic A., Gacic S., Goran M., Jeftic N., Markovic I., Milanovic M., Nikolic S., Pejnovic L., Savkovic N., Stevic D., Vucic N., Zegarac M., Karamarkovic A., Kenic M., Milic L. J., Kovacevic B., Krdzic I., Lieske B., Almgla N., Boutall A., Herman A., Kloppers C., Nel D., Rayamajhi S., Paniagua Garcia Senorans M., Vigorita V., Acrich E., Baena Sanfeliu E., Barrios O., Golda T., Santanach C., Serrano-Navidad M., Sorribas Grifell M., Vives R. V., Escola D., Jimenez A., Alcazar J. A., Angoso-Clavijo M., Blanco-Antona F., Carabias-Orgaz A., Diaz Maag R., Garcia J., Garcia-Plaza A. G. P., Gonzalez-Munoz J. I., Munoz-Bellvis L., Sanchez Tocino J. M., Sanchez-Casado A. B., Trebol J., Hernandez Gutierrez J., Tebar Zamora A., Palma P., Cayetano Paniagua L., Gomez Fernandez L., Collera Ormazabal P., Diaz del Gobbo R., Farre Font R., Flores Clotet R., Gomez Diaz C. J., Guardia N., Guariglia C. A., Osorio Ramos A., Sanchez Jimenez R., Sanchon L., Soto Montesinos C., Alonso-Lamberti L., Garcia-Quijada J., Jimenez Miramon J., Jimenez V., Jover J. M., Leon R., Rodriguez J. L., Salazar A., Valle Rubio A., Aguado Lopez H., Bravo Infante R., De Lacy F. B., Lacy A. M., Otero A., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Valverde S., Anula R., Avellana R., Camarero Rodriguez E., Catalan Garza V., Dziakova J., Garcia Alonso M., Lasses Martinez B., Lopez Antonanzas L., Muguerza J. M., Ochagavia S., Pena Soria M. J., Rivera-Alonso D., Saez Carlin P., Sanchez del Pueblo C., Sanz Ortega G., Sanz-Lopez R., Torres A., Martin-Arevalo J., Moro-Valdezate D., Pla-Marti V., Beltran de Heredia J., De Andres-Asenjo B., Gomez Sanz T., Jezieniecki C., Nunez Del Barrio H., Ortiz de Solorzano Aurusa F. J., Romero de Diego A., Ruiz Soriano M., Trujillo Diaz J., Vazquez Fernandez A., Lora-Cumplido P., Sosa-Rodriguez M. V., Galvan Perez A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez E., Minaya Bravo A. M., San Miguel C., Alonso de la Fuente N., Jimenez Toscano M., Grau-Talens E. J., Martin-Perez B., Benavides Buleje J. A., Carrasco Prats M., Gimenez Frances C., Munoz Camarena J. M., Parra Banos P. A., Pena Ros E., Ramirez Faraco M., Ruiz-Marin M., Valero Soriano M., Allue M., Colsa P., Garcia Dominguez M., Gimenez Maurel T., Martin Anoro L. F., Ponchietti L., Rodriguez Artigas J. M., Roldon Golet M., Utrilla Fornals A., Estaire Gomez M., Fernandez Camunas A., Garcia Santos E. P., Jimenez Higuera E., Martinez-Pinedo C., Munoz-Atienza V., Padilla-Valverde D., Picon Rodriguez R., Sanchez-Garcia S., Sanchez-Pelaez D., Curtis Martinez C., Sanchez-Guillen L., Colombari R. C., Del valle E., Fernandez M., Lozano Lominchar P., Martin L., Rey Valcarcel C., Zorrilla Ortuzar J., Alcaide Matas F., Garcia Perez J. M., Troncoso Pereira P., Blas Laina J. L., Cros B., Escartin J., Garcia Egea J., Nogues A., Talal El-Abur I., Yanez C., Mora-Guzman I., Achalandabaso Boira M., Sales Mallafre R., Marin H., Prieto Calvo M., Villalabeitia Ateca I., De Andres Olabarria U., Duran Ballesteros M., Fernandez Pablos F. J., Ibanez-Aguirre F. J., Sanz Larrainzar A., Ugarte-Sierra B., Acosta Merida M. A., Ortiz Lopez D., Yepes Cano A. F., Correa Bonito A., Delgado Burdalo L., Di Martino M., Garcia Septiem J., Maqueda Gonzalez R., Martin-Perez E., Calvo Espino P., Guillamot Ruano P., Colao Garcia L., Diaz Perez D., Esteban Agusti E., Galindo Jara P., Gutierrez Samaniego M., Hernandez Bartolome M. A., Serrano Gonzalez J., Alonso Poza A., Dieguez B., Garcia-Conde M., Hernandez-Garcia M., Losada M., Alvarez E., Chavarrias N., Gegundez Simon A., Gortazar de las Casas S., Guevara-Martinez J., Prieto Nieto M. I., Ramos-Martin P., Rubio-Perez I., Saavedra J., Urbieta A., Aparicio-Lopez D., Cantalejo diaz M., De Miguel Ardevines M. D. C., Dobon Rascon M. A., Duque-Mallen V., Gascon Ferrer I., Gonzalez-Nicolas Trebol M. T., Gracia-Roche C., Herrero Lopez M., Kalviainen H., Martinez German A., Matute M., Sanchez Fuentes N., Santero-Ramirez M. S., Saudi S., Blazquez Martin A., Diez Alonso M., Hernandez P., Mendoza-Moreno F., Ovejero Merino E., Vera Mansilla C., Matias-Garcia B., Quiroga-Valcarcel A., Barranquero A. G., Cerro Zaballos C., Nunez J., Ocana J., Ramos D., Acebes Garcia F., Bailon-Cuadrado M., Bueno Canones A. D., Choolani Bhojwani E., Marcos-Santos P., Miguel T., Pacheco Sanchez D., Perez-Saborido B., Sanchez Gonzalez J., Tejero-Pintor F. J., Alconchel F., Conesa A., Gil Martinez J., Gutierrez Fernandez A. I., Lopez Abad A., Nicolas-Lopez T., Ramirez Romero P., Roca Calvo M. J., Rodrigues K., Ruiz Manzanera J. J., Soriano A. I., Cano A., Capitan-Morales L., Cintas Catena J., Gomez-Rosado J., Oliva Mompean F., Perez Sanchez M. A., Rio Lafuente F. D., Torres Arcos C., Valdes-Hernandez J., Cholewa H., Frasson M., Martinez Chicote C., Sancho-Muriel J., Estraviz B., Fernandez Gomez Cruzado L., Gonzalez de Miguel M., Landaluce-olavarria A., Abad-Gurumeta A., Abad-Motos A., Martinez-Hurtado E., Ripolles-Melchor J., Ruiz-Escobar A., Cuadrado-Garcia A., Garcia-Sancho Tellez L., Heras Aznar J., Mate Mate P., Ortega Vazquez I., Picardo A. L., Rojo Lopez J. A., Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera F., Serralta de Colsa D., Cagigas Fernandez C., Caina Ruiz R., Gomez Ruiz M., Martinez-Perez P., Santarrufina Martinez S., Valbuena Jabares V., Cagigal Ortega E. P., Cervera I., Diaz Pena P., Gonzalez J., Marqueta De Salas M., Perez Gonzalez M., Ramos Bonilla A., Rodriguez Gomez L., Alfonso Garcia M., Craus-Miguel A., Fernandez Vega L., Ferrer-Inaebnit E., Gil Catalan A., Gonzalez Argente F. X., Jeri S., Oseira A., Pujol Cano N., Soldevila Verdeguer C., Villalonga B., Espin-Basany E., Srishankar S., Thalgaspitiya S. P. B., Arulanantham A., Bandara G. B. K. D., Jayarajah U., Ravindrakumar S., Rodrigo V. S. D., Ali karar A. A., Elhafiz M. H. Y., Adam Essa Adam M. E., Saleh M., Arkani S., Freedman J., Angenete E., Park J., Alga A., Heinius G., Nordberg M., Pieniowski E., Lofgren N., Arigoni M., Bernasconi M., Christoforidis D., Di Giuseppe M., La Regina D., Mongelli F., Chevallay M., Dwidar O., Gialamas E., Sauvain M., Crugnale A. S., Guglielmetti L., Peros G., Gass M., Metzger J., Scheiwiller A., Turina M., Al Asadi T., Alkhateb S., Altom R., Bakkar B., Maa Albared S., Melhem S., Hammed A., Hammed S., Kacem M. J., Maghrebi H., Sebai A., Aghayeva A., Hamzaoglu I., Sahin I., Akaydin E., Aliyeva Z., Aytac E., Baca B., Ozben V., Ozmen B. B., Arikan A. E., Bilgin I. A., Kara H., Karahasanoglu T., Uras C., Akbas A., Altinel Y., Calikoglu F., Ercan G., Ercetin C., Hacim N. A., Meric S., Tokocin M., Vartanoglu T., Yigitbas H., Dogangun M., Iflazoglu N., Yalkin O., Cennet O., Dincer H. A., Erol T., Alhamed A., Ergun S., Ozcelik M. F., Sanli A. N., Uludag S. S., Velidedeoglu M., Zengin A. K., Kara Y., Bozkurt M. A., Kocatas A., Eyuboglu K., Guner A., Usta M. A., Azamat I. F., Balik E., Bugra D., Kulle C. B., Guler S. A., Guresin A., Tatar O. C., Utkan N. Z., Yildirim A., Yuksel E., Abbasov A., Yanar H., Akin E., Altintoprak F., Cakmak G., Celebi F., Demir H., Dikicier E., Firat N., Gonullu E., Kamburoglu M. B., Kucuk I. F., Mantoglu B., Colak E., Kucuk G. O., Uyanik M. S., Goksoy B., Bozkurt E., Capkinoglu E., Guven O., Mihmanli M., Omeroglu S., Tanal M., Yetkin G., Akalin M., Arican C., Avci E. K., Aydin C., Demirli Atici S., Emiroglu M., Kaya T., Kebabci E., Kilinc Tuncer G., Kirmizi Y., Ogucu H., Salimoglu S., Sert I., Tugmen C., Tuncer K., Uslu G., Yesilyurt D., Yildiz A., Gultekin F. A., Lule H., Oguttu B., Agilinko J., Ahmeidat A., Bekheit M., Cheung L. K., Kamera B. S., Mignot G., Shaikh S., Sharma P., Al-Mohammad A., Ali S., Ashcroft J., Baker O., Coughlin P., Davies R. J., Kyriacou H., Mitrofan C., Morris A., Raby-Smith W., Rooney S. M., Singh A. A., Tan X. S., Townson A., Tweedle E., Kattakayam A., Lunevicius R., Sheel A., Sud A., Sundhu M., Angelou D., Choynowski M., McAree B., McCanny A., Neely D., Kamel F., Kumar L., Madani R., Nisar P., Creanga M., Elniel M., Law J., Mosley F., Arrowsmith L., Campbell W., Grove T., Kontovounisios C., Warren O., Doulias T., Li M., Martin E., Rodwell H., Clifford R., Eardley N., Krishnan E., Manu N., Roy Mahapatra S., Serevina O. L., Smith C., Emslie K., Labib P. L., Minto G., Natale J., Panahi P., Rogers L. J., Abubakar A., Akhter Rahman M. M., O'Brien H., Sasapu K., Ng H. J., Day A., Hunt A., Laskar N., Gupta A., Steinke J., Thrumurthy S., Massie E., McGivern K., Rutherford D., Wilson M., Bacarese-Hamilton T., Ip M., James A., Salerno G., Stockdale T., Handa S., Kaushal M., Kler A., Patel P., Redfern J., Tezas S., Aawsaj Y., Barry C., Blackwell L., Emerson H., Fisher A., Katory M., Mustafa A., Kretzmer L., Lalou L., Manku B., Parwaiz I., Stafford J., Abdelkarim M., Asqalan A., Gala T., Ibrahim S., Maw A., Mithany R., Morgan R., Sundaram Venkatesan G., Banfield D., Boal M., Brown O., Dean H., Boulton A. J., Hardie C. M., McNaught C., Karandikar S., Naumann D., Chen F., Cheung J., Ayorinde J., Chase T., Cuming T., Ghanbari A., Humphreys L., Tayeh S., Aboelkassem Ibrahim A., Evans C., Ikram H., Loubani M., Nazir S., Robinson A., Sehgal T., Dixon J., Jha M., Thulasiraman S. V., Viswanath Y., Curl-Roper T., Delimpalta C., Liao C. C. L., Velchuru V., Westwood E., Bond-Smith G., Mastoridis S., Tebala G. D., Verberne C., Anscomb N., Baldwin-Smith R., Davies M., Grainger C., Haji A., Haq A., Nunoo-Mensah J. W., Rizk M., Bhatti M. I., Boyd-Carson H., Elsey E., Gemmill E., Herrod P., MohammedJibreel M., Lenzi E., Saafan T., Sapre D., Sian T., Watson N., Athanasiou A., Costigan F., Elkadi H., Johnstone J., Nahm C., Annamalai S., Ashmore C., Kourdouli A., Chean C. S., Dharamavaram S., Kulkarni N., Pereira I., Shanthakunalan K., Srikumar B., Askari A., Cirocchi N., Kudchadkar S., Patel K., Sagar J., Talwar R., Abdalla M., Ismail O., Newton K., Stylianides N., Aderombi A., Bajomo O., Beatson K., Garrett W. V., Ng V., Al-Habsi R., Divya G. S., Dixon F., Keeler B. D., Egan R. J., Fabre I., Harries R., Li Z., Parkins K., Spencer N., Thompson D., Gemmell C., Grieco C., Hunt L., Mahmoud Ali F., Seebah K., Shaikh I., Sreedharan L., Youssef M., Shah J., Baguley M., Heer B., Rogers M., Woods R., Mills S. J., Sahnan K., Ahmed M. E., Bukhari S. I., Illingworth B., Kanthasamy S., Knights E., Ong S. L., Pujari R., Tan K. H. M., Vanker R., Michel M., Patil S., Ravindran S., Sarveswaran J., Scott L., Khan J., Cato L. D., Kamal M., Kulkarni R., Parente A., Saeed S., Vijayan D., English C., Evans J., Fell A., Merh R., Nikolaou S., Kaul S., Khan A. H., Khan F., Mukherjee S., Patel M., Sarigul M., Adiamah A., Brewer H., Chowdhury A., Humes D., Jackman J., Koh A., Lewis-Lloyd C., Oyende O., Reilly J., Worku D., Bisset C., Chadha R., Math S., Sarantitis I., Timbrell S., Vitone L., Faulkner G., Brixton G., Findlay L., Majkowska A., Manson J., Potter R., Bhalla A., Chia Z., Daliya P., Grimley E., Malcolm F. L., Theophilidou E., Daniels I. R., Fowler G. E., Massey L. H., McDermott F. D., Rajaretnam N., Angamuthu N., Chowdhury S., Gilliland J., Hart C., Knowles J., Mirnezami R., Varcada M., Beamish A. J., Magowan D., Nassa H., Price C., Smith L., Solari F., Tang A. M., Williams G., Davies E., Hawkin P., Raymond T., Ryska O., Baron R., Gahunia S., McNicol F., Russ J., Szatmary P., Thomas A., Jayasinghe J. D., Knowles C., Ledesma F. S., Minicozzi A., Navaratne L., Ramamoorthy R., Sohrabi C., Thaha M. A., Venn M., Atherton R., Brocklehurst M., McAleer J., Parkin E., Aladeojebi A., Ali M., Gaunt A., Hammer C., Stebbing J., Coomber E., Williams O., Bunni J., Fairhurst K., Mitchell S., Richards S., Hraishawi I., McIlmunn C., McIntosh S., Bhasin S., Bodla A. S., Burahee A., Crichton A., Fossett R., Yassin N., Barlow C., Ding D., Foster J., Longstaff L., Brown S. R., Lee M., Newman T., Steele C., Baker A., Konstantinou C., Ramcharan S., Wilkin R. J. W., Colvin H. V., Shakoor Z., Lyons A., Newman S., Chung E., Hagger R., Hainsworth A., Karim A., Owen H., Ramwell A., Williams K., Hall J., Harris G., Royle T., Watson L. J., Asaad P., Brown B., Duff S., Khan A., Moura F., Wadham B., Mccluney S., Parmar C., Shah S., Babar M. S., Goodrum S., Whitmore H., Balasubramaniam D., Jayasankar B., Kapoor S., Ramachandran A., Beech N., Chand M., Green L., Kiconco H., McEwen R., Pereca J., Arumugam S., Ibrahim B., Khan K., Gash K., Gourbault L., Maccabe T. A., Newton C., Baig M., Bates H., Dunne N., Khajuria A., Sarma D. R., Shortland T., Tewari N., Akhtar M. A., Brunt A., McIntyre J., Milne K., Rashid M. M., Sgro A., Stewart K. E., Turnbull A., Gossedge G., O'Donnell S., Oldfield F., Aguilar Gonzalez M., Talukder S., Eskander P., Hanna M., Olivier J., Basnyat P., Davis H., Montauban P., Shrestha A., Magee C., Powell S., Flindall I., Hanson A., Mahendran V., Green S., Lim M., MacDonald L., Miu V., Onos L., Sheridan K., Young R., Alam F., Griffiths O., Houlden C., Kolli V. S., Lala A. K., Seymour Z., Consorti E., Gonzalez R., Kwan-Feinberg R., Liu T., Cooper Z., Hirji S., Mahvi D., Okafor B., Roxo V., Salim A., Telma K., Bokenkamp M., Haynes A. B., Hill C., Leede E., McElhinney K., Olson K. A., Riley C., Bigelow B., Etchill E. W., Gabre-Kidan A., Jenny H. E., Kent A., Ladd M. R., Long C., Malapati H., Margalit A., Rapaport S., Rose J., Stevens K., Tsai L., Vervoort D., Yesantharao P., Klaristenfeld D., Huynh K. T., Kaafarani H., Naar L., Qadan M., Cha D. E., Gleeson E., Horn C., Sarpel U., Bhama A., Colling K., Najarian M., Azam M., Choudhry A., Marx W., Chokshi R., Glass N., Tsui G., Abel M. K., Boeck M., Chern H., Kornblith L. Z., Nunez-Garcia B., Ozgediz D., Sarin A., Varma M. G., Abbott D., Acher A., Aiken T., Barrett J., Foley E., Schwartz P. B., Zafar S. N., Hawkins A. T., Maiga A., Ruzgar N. M., Sion M., Ullrich S., Al-Naggar H., Al-Shehari M., Almassaudi A., Alsayadi M., Alsayadi R., Shream S., Adamina, M, Ademuyiwa, A, Adisa, A, Bhangu, A, Bravo, A, Cunha, M, Emile, S, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Harris, B, Keller, D, Lawday, S, Lederhuber, H, Leventoglu, S, Li, E, Modolo, M, Mittal, R, Mohan, H, Nepogodiev, D, Parreno-Sacdalan, M, Pata, F, Pockney, P, Rutegard, M, Smart, N, Varghese, C, Siaw-Acheampong, K, Benson, R, Bywater, E, Chaudhry, D, Dawson, B, Evans, J, Gujjuri, R, Heritage, E, Jones, C, Kamarajah, S, Khatri, C, Khaw, R, Keatley, J, Knight, A, Mann, H, Marson, E, Mclean, K, Mckay, S, Mills, E, Pellino, G, Picciochi, M, Taylor, E, Tiwari, A, Trout, I, Venn, M, JW Wilkin, R, Minaya-Bravo, A, Gallo, G, Moug, S, Saverio, S, Vallance, A, Vimalchandran, D, Griffiths, E, Evans, R, Townend, P, Roberts, K, Isaac, J, Satoi, S, Edwards, J, Coonar, A, Marchbank, A, Caruana, E, Layton, G, Patel, A, Brunelli, A, Ford, S, Desai, A, Gronchi, A, Fiore, M, Almond, M, Tirotta, F, Dumitra, S, Kolias, A, Price, S, Fountain, D, Jenkinson, M, Hutchinson, P, Marcus, H, Piper, R, Lippa, L, Servadei, F, Esene, I, Freyschlag, C, Neville, I, Rosseau, G, Schaller, K, Demetriades, A, Robertson, F, Alamri, A, Shaw, R, Schache, A, Winter, S, Ho, M, Nankivell, P, Biel, J, Batstone, M, Ganly, I, Vidya, R, Wilkins, A, Singh, J, Thekinkattil, D, Sundar, S, Fotopoulou, C, Leung, E, Khan, T, Chiva, L, Sehouli, J, Fagotti, A, Cohen, P, Gutelkin, M, Ghebre, R, Konney, T, Pareja, R, Bristow, R, Dowdy, S, Shylasree, T, Seenivasagam, R, Ng, J, Fujiwara, K, Stewart, G, Lamb, B, Narahari, K, Mcneill, A, Colquhoun, A, Mcgrath, J, Bromage, S, Barod, R, Kasivisvanathan, V, Klatte, T, Abbott, T, Abukhalaf, S, Agarwal, A, Akkulak, M, Alameer, E, Alderson, D, Alakaloko, F, Albertsmeier, M, Alser, O, Alshaar, M, Alshryda, S, Arnaud, A, Augestad, K, Ayasra, F, Azevedo, J, Bankhead-Kendall, B, Barlow, E, Beard, D, Blanco-Colino, R, Brar, A, Breen, K, Bretherton, C, Buarque, I, Burke, J, Chaar, M, Chakrabortee, S, Christensen, P, Cox, D, Cukier, M, Davidson, G, Drake, T, Elhadi, M, Farik, S, Fitzgerald, J, Garmanova, T, Gomes, G, Grecinos, G, Gruendl, M, Halkias, C, Harrison, E, Hisham, I, Hwang, S, Isik, A, Jonker, P, Kaafarani, H, Kruijff, S, Lawani, I, Litvin, A, Loehrer, A, Loffler, M, Lorena, M, Major, P, Martin, J, Mashbari, H, Mazingi, D, Metallidis, S, Moore, R, Moszkowicz, D, Ng-Kamstra, J, Maimbo, M, Negoi, I, Niquen, M, Ntirenganya, F, Olivos, M, Oussama, K, Outani, O, Rivera, C, Pinkney, T, van der Plas, W, Qureshi, A, Radenkovic, D, Ramos-De la Medina, A, Richards, T, Roslani, A, Segura-Sampedro, J, Santos, I, Sayyed, R, Schnitzbauer, A, Seyi-Olajide, J, Sharma, N, Shaw, C, Shu, S, Soreide, K, Spinelli, A, Sund, M, Tabiri, S, Tsoulfas, G, van Ramshorst, G, Vimalachandran, D, Warren, O, Wedderburn, D, Wright, N, Valenzuela, J, Alurralde, C, Caram, E, Eskinazi, D, Badra, R, Garcia, J, Lucchini, S, Vasey, C, Watson, E, Cecire, J, Salindera, S, Sutherland, A, Ahn, J, Chen, S, Gauri, N, Jang, S, Jia, F, Mulligan, C, Yang, W, Ye, G, Zhang, H, Moss, J, Thian, A, Vo, U, Bagraith, K, Chan, E, Ho, D, Jeyarajan, E, Jordan, S, Nolan, G, Von Papen, M, Wullschleger, M, Dawson, A, Drane, A, Egoroff, N, Gani, J, Lott, N, Phan, D, Townend, D, Bong, C, Gundara, J, Bowman, S, Guerra, G, Gerns, N, Riddell, A, Dudi-Venkata, N, Kroon, H, Sammour, T, Mitchell, D, Swinson, B, Waldron, A, Walker, P, Lun, E, Messner, F, Ofner, D, Emmanuel, K, Grechenig, M, Gruber, R, Harald, M, Jager, T, Ohlberger, L, Presl, J, Wimmer, A, Namazov, I, Samadov, E, Barker, D, Boyce, R, Doyle, A, Eastmond, A, Gill, R, O'Shea, M, Padmore, G, Paquette, N, Phillips, E, St John, S, Walkes, K, Flamey, N, Pattyn, P, Ceelen, W, Van de Putte, D, Van Nieuwenhove, Y, Van Ramshorst, G, Willaert, W, Oosterlinck, W, Van den Eynde, J, Van den Eynde, R, Aguiar Junior, S, Marques, T, Camara, P, De Lima, R, Della Giustina, E, Hoffmann, P, Nacif, L, Carvalho Ferro, C, Lima Buarque, I, Lira dos Santos Leite, A, Pol-Fachin, L, Santos Bezerra, T, Silva, A, Silvestre, D, Vieira Barros, A, Laporte, G, Salem, M, Barakat Awada, J, Ijichi, T, Kim, N, Marreiro, A, Muller, B, Nunes, R, Bodanese, B, Isoton, J, Regina de Sampaio, L, Vendrame, C, Sokolov, M, Gribnev, P, Boutros, M, Caminsky, N, Ghitulescu, G, Groot, G, Persad, A, Pham, H, Wood, M, Demyttenaere, S, Garfinkle, R, Brown, C, Karimuddin, A, Lee, N, Liu, J, Madani Kia, T, Phang, P, Raval, M, Tom, K, Martel, A, Nessim, C, Stevenson, J, Al Riyami, S, Bali, K, Bigam, D, Dajani, K, Dell, A, Bellolio, F, Besser, N, Grasset, E, Inzunza, M, Quintana Martinic, M, Riquoir Altamirano, C, Ruiz Esquide, M, Arias-Amezquita, F, Cetares, C, Cortes Murgueitio, N, Gomez-Mayorga, J, Abadia, M, Bonilla, A, Facundo, H, Guevara, O, Herrera Mora, D, Jimenez Ramirez, L, Manrique, E, Pinilla Morales, R, Rey Ferro, M, Velasquez Cuasquen, B, Bacic, G, Karlovic, D, Krsul, D, Zelic, M, Bakmaz, B, Coza, I, Dijan, E, Katusic, Z, Mihanovic, J, Rakvin, I, Almezghwi, H, Arslan, K, Ozant, A, Ozcay, N, Frantzeskou, K, Gouvas, N, Kokkinos, G, Papatheodorou, P, Pozotou, I, Stavrinidou, O, Yiallourou, A, Martinek, L, Skrovina, M, Szubota, I, Peteja, M, Zatecky, J, Avlund, T, Harbjerg, J, Iversen, L, Kjaer, D, Kristensen, H, Mekhael, M, Ebbehoj, A, Krarup, P, Schlesinger, N, Smith, H, Crespo, A, Diaz, P, Rivas, R, Tactuk, N, El Kassas, M, Omar, W, Tawheed, A, Talaat, M, Abdelsamed, A, Azzam, A, Salem, H, Seleim, A, AL Sayed, M, Ashoush, F, Elazzazy, E, Essam, E, Ewedah, M, Hassan, E, Metwalli, M, Mourad, M, Qatora, M, Sabry, A, Samih, A, Samir Abdelaal, A, Shehata, S, Shenit, K, Attia, D, Kamal, N, Osman, N, Alaa, S, Hamza, H, M. elghazaly, S, Mohammed, M, Nageh, M, Saad, M, Yousof, E, Eldaly, A, Alrahawy, M, Sakr, A, Soliman, H, Soltan, H, Amira, G, Sallam, I, Sherief, M, Sherif, A, Ghaly, G, Hamdy, R, Morsi, A, Sherif, G, Abdeldayem, H, Abdelkader Salama, I, Balabel, M, Fayed, Y, Elmorsi, R, Refky, B, Bekele, K, Kauppila, J, Sarjanoja, E, Helminen, O, Huhta, H, Beyrne, C, Jouffret, L, Marie-Macron, L, Fredon, F, Roux, A, Lakkis, Z, Manfredelli, S, Chebaro, A, El Amrani, M, Lecolle, K, Piessen, G, Eveno, C, Noiret, B, Veziant, J, Pruvot, F, Zerbib, P, Ballouhey, Q, Barrat, B, Taibi, A, Bergeat, D, Merdrignac, A, Le Roy, B, Perotto, L, Scalabre, A, Aime, A, Ezanno, A, Malgras, B, Bouche, P, Tzedakis, S, Cotte, E, Glehen, O, Bendjemar, L, Braham, H, Charre, L, El Arbi, N, Police, A, Volpin, E, D'Urso, A, Mutter, D, Seeliger, B, Bonnet, S, Denet, C, Fuks, D, Laforest, A, Pourcher, G, Seguin-givelet, A, Tribillon, E, Duchalais, E, Bork, U, Fritzmann, J, Praetorius, C, Weitz, J, Welsch, T, Beyer, K, Kamphues, C, Lauscher, J, Loch, F, Schineis, C, Kappenberger, A, Schiergens, T, Werner, J, Becker, R, Jonescheit, J, Pergolini, I, Reim, D, Herzberg, J, Honarpisheh, H, Strate, T, Boeker, C, Hakami, I, Mall, J, Nowak, K, Reinhard, T, Kleeff, J, Michalski, C, Ronellenfitsch, U, Bertolani, E, Konigsrainer, A, Quante, M, Steidle, C, Uberruck, L, Yurttas, C, Izbicki, J, Nitschke, C, Perez, D, Uzunoglu, F, Antonakis, P, Contis, I, Dellaportas, D, Gklavas, A, Konstadoulakis, M, Memos, N, Papaconstantinou, I, Polydorou, A, Theodosopoulos, T, Vezakis, A, Antonopoulou, M, Manatakis, D, Tasis, N, Arkadopoulos, N, Danias, N, Economopoulou, P, Frountzas, M, Kokoropoulos, P, Larentzakis, A, Michalopoulos, N, Parasyris, S, Selmani, J, Sidiropoulos, T, Vassiliu, P, Bouchagier, K, Klimopoulos, S, Paspaliari, D, Stylianidis, G, Akrivou, D, Baxevanidou, K, Bouliaris, K, Chatzikomnitsa, P, Delinasios, G, Doudakmanis, C, Efthimiou, M, Giaglaras, A, Kalfountzos, C, Kolla, C, Koukoulis, G, Zervas, K, Zourntou, S, Baloyiannis, I, Diamantis, A, Perivoliotis, K, Tzovaras, G, Christidis, P, Ioannidis, O, Loutzidou, L, Karaitianos, I, Geroukalis, A, Tsirlis, T, Baili, E, Charalabopoulos, A, Liakakos, T, Schizas, D, Spartalis, E, Syllaios, A, Zografos, C, Christou, C, Papadopoulos, V, Tooulias, A, Athanasakis, E, Chrysos, E, Tsiaoussis, I, Xenaki, S, Xynos, E, Futaba, K, Hon, S, Mak, T, Ng, S, Foo, C, Banky, B, Susztak, N, Misra, S, Pareek, P, Vishnoi, J, Jain, A, Mishra, S, Mishra, T, Mitra, J, Muduly, D, Agrawal, A, Garg, P, Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, R, Majumdar, K, Mishra, N, Singh, M, Chyau Patnaik, S, Rao, S, Reddy, P, S, R, Saksena, A, Y, J, Ayloor Seshadri, R, Haque, P, Jeyaraj, P, Kannummal Veetil, S, Mahajan, A, Devarakonda, S, Jesudason, M, Moorthy, M, Yezzaji, H, Aggarwal, M, Dhamija, P, Kumar, A, Chisthi, M, D, G, George, G, Kollengode, V, Kuttanchettiyar, K, Yadev, I, Dharanipragada, K, Kalayarasan, R, Penumadu, P, B, L, Mathew, S, Akhtar, N, Chaturvedi, A, Gupta, S, Kumar, V, Rajan, S, Agrawal, N, Arora, A, Chaturvedi, H, Jain, M, Kumar, S, Singh, S, Bhat, G, Chowdri, N, Mehraj, A, Parray, F, Shah, Z, Wani, R, Ahmed, Z, Bhat, M, Laharwal, A, Mahmood, M, Mir, I, Mohammad, Z, Muzamil, J, Rashid, A, Singh, R, Ahmed, A, Jain, D, Pipara, A, Desoouza, A, Pandey, D, Pramesh, C, Saklani, A, Islam, A, Kembuan, G, Pajan, H, Aremu, M, Canas-Martinez, A, Cullivan, O, Murphy, C, Owens, P, Pickett, L, Corrigan, M, Daly, A, Fleming, C, Jordan, P, Kayyal, M, Killeen, S, Lynch, N, O'Brien, S, Syed, W, Vernon, L, Hanly, A, Heneghan, H, Kennelly, R, Martin, S, Winter, D, Fahey, B, Larkin, J, Mccormick, P, Mehigan, B, Shokuhi, P, Smith, J, Bashir, Y, Bass, G, Connelly, T, Creavin, B, Earley, H, Elliott, J, Gillis, A, Kavanagh, D, Neary, P, O'Riordan, J, Reynolds, I, Rice, D, Ridgway, P, Umair, M, Whelan, M, Corless, K, Finnegan, L, Fowler, A, Hogan, A, Lowery, A, Mckevitt, K, Nugent, E, Ryan, E, Coffey, J, Cunningham, R, Devine, M, Nally, D, Peirce, C, Hardy, N, O'Malley, S, Ryan, M, Gaziants, V, Gold-Deutch, R, Lavy, R, Zmora, O, Macina, S, Mariani, N, Opocher, E, Pisani Ceretti, A, Bianco, F, Marino, M, Mirabella, A, Vaccarella, G, Sena, G, Agostini, C, Alemanno, G, Bartolini, I, Bergamini, C, Bruscino, A, De Vincenti, R, Di Bella, A, Fortuna, L, Maltinti, G, Muiesan, P, Prosperi, P, Ringressi, M, Risaliti, M, Taddei, A, Tucci, R, Campagnaro, T, Guglielmi, A, Pedrazzani, C, Rattizzato, S, Ruzzenente, A, Turri, G, Altomare, D, Papagni, V, Picciariello, A, Bellora, P, D'Aloisio, G, Ferrari, M, Francone, E, Gentilli, S, Nikaj, H, Bianchini, M, Chiarugi, M, Coccolini, F, Cremonini, C, Di Franco, G, Furbetta, N, Gianardi, D, Guadagni, S, Morelli, L, Musetti, S, Palmeri, M, Tartaglia, D, Anania, G, Carcoforo, P, Chiozza, M, De Troia, A, Koleva Radica, M, Portinari, M, Sibilla, M, Urbani, A, Fabbri, N, Feo, C, Gennari, S, Parini, S, Righini, E, Annessi, V, Castro Ruiz, C, Giunta, A, Montella, M, Zizzo, M, Grossi, U, Novello, S, Romano, M, Rossi, S, Zanus, G, Esposito, G, Frongia, F, Pisanu, A, Podda, M, Belluco, C, Lauretta, A, Montori, G, Moras, L, Olivieri, M, Perra, T, Porcu, A, Scanu, A, Aversano, A, Carbone, F, Delrio, P, Di Lauro, K, Fares Bucci, A, Rega, D, Spiezio, G, Pirozzolo, G, Recordare, A, Vignotto, C, Calabro, M, Farnesi, F, Lunghi, E, Muratore, A, Pipitone Federico, N, De Palma, G, Luglio, G, Pagano, G, Tropeano, F, Baldari, L, Boni, L, Cassinotti, E, Cosimelli, M, Guaglio, M, Sorrentino, L, Agnes, A, Alfieri, S, Belia, F, Biondi, A, Cozza, V, D'Ugo, D, De Simone, V, Litta, F, Lorenzon, L, Marra, A, Marzi, F, Parello, A, Persiani, R, Ratto, C, Rosa, F, Scrima, O, Sganga, G, Belli, A, Izzo, F, Patrone, R, Foppa, C, Carvello, M, De Lucia, F, Aprile, A, Batistotti, P, Massobrio, A, Pertile, D, Scabini, S, Soriero, D, De Manzoni Garberini, A, Mazzotti, F, Pasini, F, Ugolini, G, Barone, R, Birolo, S, Caccetta, M, Deirino, A, Garino, M, Grasso, M, Marafante, C, Masciandaro, A, Moggia, E, Mungo, S, Murgese, A, Raggio, E, Federico, P, Maida, P, Marra, E, Marte, G, Petrillo, A, Tammaro, P, Tufo, A, Berselli, M, Borroni, G, Cocozza, E, Conti, L, Desio, M, Rizzi, A, Baldi, C, Corbellini, C, Sampietro, G, Bordoni, P, Clarizia, G, Fleres, F, Franzini, M, Grechi, A, Longhini, A, Spolini, A, Baldini, E, Capelli, P, Isolani, S, Ribolla, M, Bondurri, A, Colombo, F, Ferrario, L, Guerci, C, Maffioli, A, Armao, T, Ballabio, M, Bisagni, P, Longhi, M, Madonini, M, Impellizzeri, H, Inama, M, Moretto, G, Mochet, S, Usai, A, Incollingo, P, Giacometti, M, Zonta, S, Marino Cosentino, L, Sagnotta, A, Nespoli, L, Tamini, N, Anastasi, A, Bartalucci, B, Bellacci, A, Canonico, G, Capezzuoli, L, Di Martino, C, Ipponi, P, Linari, C, Montelatici, M, Nelli, T, Spagni, G, Tirloni, L, Vitali, A, Abate, E, Casati, M, Laface, L, Schiavo, M, Arminio, A, Cotoia, A, Lizzi, V, Vovola, F, Vergari, R, D'Ugo, S, Depalma, N, Spampinato, M, Annicchiarico, A, Catena, F, Giuffrida, M, Perrone, G, Baronio, G, Carissimi, F, Montuori, M, Pinotti, E, Brachini, G, Chiappini, A, Cicerchia, P, Cirillo, B, De Toma, G, Fiori, E, Fonsi, G, Iannone, I, La Torre, F, Lapolla, P, Meneghini, S, Mingoli, A, Sapienza, P, Zambon, M, Capolupo, G, Carannante, F, Mazzotta, E, Gattolin, A, Migliore, M, Rimonda, R, Sasia, D, Travaglio, E, Chessa, A, Fiorini, A, Norcini, C, Colletti, G, Confalonieri, M, Costanzi, A, Frattaruolo, C, Mari, G, Monteleone, M, Locatelli, A, Riva, C, Balconi, A, De Nardi, P, Parise, P, Vignali, A, Belvedere, A, Bernante, P, Droghetti, M, Jovine, E, Neri, J, Parlanti, D, Pezzuto, A, Poggioli, G, Rottoli, M, Russo, I, Tanzanu, M, Violante, T, Borghi, F, Cianflocca, D, Di Maria Grimaldi, S, Donati, D, Gelarda, E, Giraudo, G, Marano, A, Palagi, S, Pellegrino, L, Peluso, C, Testa, V, Agresta, F, Prando, D, Zese, M, Armatura, G, Frena, A, Bertelli, G, Marinello, P, Notte, F, Scotton, G, Cervellera, M, Gori, A, Sartarelli, L, Tonini, V, Sammarco, G, Vescio, G, Di Marzo, F, Kanemitsu, Y, Moritani, K, Al Abdallah, M, Ayasra, Y, Qasem, A, Fahmawee, T, Hmedat, A, Obeidat, K, Abou Chaar, M, Al-Masri, M, Al-Najjar, H, Alawneh, F, Aldokali, N, Senossi, O, Subhi, M, Algallai, M, Alwarfly, S, Alzaede, S, Gahwagi, M, Moftah, M, Burgan, D, Kamoka, E, Kilani, A, Abdelkabir, M, Altomi, I, Abdulwahed, E, Alshareea, E, Aribi, N, Aribi, S, Biala, M, Ghamgh, R, Alsoufi, A, Ellojli, I, Kredan, A, Msherghi, A, Alshareef, K, Alkadiki, G, Almaadany, F, Bradulskis, S, Dainius, E, Kubiliute, E, Kutkevicius, J, Parseliunas, A, Subocius, A, Venskutonis, D, Rasoaherinomenjanahary, F, Razafindrahita, J, Samison, L, Ngo, C, Ramasamy, S, Hamdan, K, Mdrazal, I, Tan, J, Thanapal, M, Choong, E, Lim, R, Sahid, N, Hayati, F, Jayasilan, J, Sriram, R, Subramaniam, S, Ibrahim, A, Che jusoh, A, Hussain, A, Mohamed Sidek, A, Mohd Yunus, M, Soh, J, Wong, M, Zakaria, A, Zakaria, Z, Mohd Azman, Z, Fathi, N, Xavier, R, Alvarez, M, Cordera, F, Hernandez, R, Soule Martinez, C, Aboharp Hasan, Z, Otoniel, L, Sosa Duran, E, Melchor-Ruan, J, Romero Banuelos, E, Vilar-Compte, D, Buerba, G, Mercado, M, Posadas-Trujillo, O, Salgado-Nesme, N, Sarre, C, Amrani, L, Benkabbou, A, El Ahmadi, B, El Bouazizi, Y, Belkhadir, Z, Ghannam, A, Majbar, A, Mohsine, R, Souadka, A, Hompes, R, Meima-van Praag, E, Pronk, A, Sharabiany, S, Grotenhuis, B, Hartveld, L, Ebben, L, Kuiper, S, Melenhorst, J, Poeze, M, Posma-Bouman, L, Derksen, T, Franken, J, Oosterling, S, Konsten, J, Van Heinsbergen, M, Adeyeye, A, Enoch, E, Nwabuoku, S, Sholadoye, T, Tolani, M, Olaogun, J, Abiyere, H, Babalola, O, Okunlola, A, Ali Sani, S, Chinda, J, Garba, S, Mshelbwala, P, Olori, S, Olute, A, Osagie, O, Pius Ogolekwu, I, Umar, A, Abdur-Rahman, L, Bello, J, Olasehinde, O, Popoola, A, Abassy, J, Ahmed, K, Alvi, A, Khan, S, Pirzada, A, Saleem, A, Siddiqui, M, Turk, K, Jamal, A, Kerawala, A, Memon, A, Nafees Ahmed, R, Rai, L, Ali, A, Afzal, M, Khokhar, M, Ayub, B, Ramesh, P, Ayyaz, M, Butt, U, Kashif, M, Farooka, M, Ayubi, A, Waqar, S, Al-Slaibi, I, Alzeerelhouseini, H, Jobran, F, Jocson, R, Teh, C, Uy Magadia, E, Bak, M, Dubienska, K, Lawnicka, A, Murawa, D, Janik, M, Kowalewski, P, Kwiatkowski, A, Roszkowski, R, Sroczynski, P, Waledziak, M, Azevedo, C, Machado, D, Mendes, F, De Sousa, X, Fernandes, U, Ferreira, C, Guidi, G, Marcal, A, Marques, R, Martins, D, Vaz-Pereira, R, Vieira, B, Almeida, J, Almeida-Reis, R, Correia de Sa, T, Costa, M, Fernandes, V, Ferraz, I, Lima da Cruz, L, Lima da Silva, C, Lopes, L, Machado, N, Marialva, J, Nunes Coelho, M, Pedro, J, Pereira, C, Ribeiro, A, Ribeiro, C, Santos, R, Saraiva, P, Silva, R, Tavares, F, Teixeira, M, Almeida, A, Amaral, M, Andrade, R, Camacho, C, Lazaro, A, Nogueira, O, Oliveira, A, Ruivo, A, Silva, M, Simoes, J, Devezas, V, Jacome, F, Nogueiro, J, Pereira, A, Santos-Sousa, H, Vaz, S, Pinto, J, Tojal, A, Cardoso, P, Martins, R, Martins dos Santos, G, Henriques, P, Morais, H, Sousa, S, Cardoso, N, Teixeira, J, Pereira, R, Revez, T, Ribeiro, R, Manso, I, Domingues, J, Amorim, E, Baptista, V, Sampaio da Novoa Gomes Miguel, I, Bandovas, J, Borges, N, Chumbinho, B, Figueiredo de Barros, I, Frade, S, Gomes, J, Kam da Silva Andrade, A, Pereira Rodrigues, A, Pina, S, Silva, N, Silveira Nunes, I, Sousa, R, Azevedo, P, Costeira, B, Cunha, C, Garrido, R, Miranda, P, Peralta Ferreira, M, Sousa Fernandes, M, Galvao, D, Vieira, A, Patricio, B, Santos, P, Vieira Paiva Lopes, A, Cunha, R, Faustino, A, Freitas, A, Mendes, J, Parreira, R, Abreu da Silva, A, Claro, M, Costa Santos, D, Deus, A, Grilo, J, Castro Borges, F, Corte Real, J, Henriques, S, Lima, M, Matos Costa, P, Alagoa Joao, A, Camarneiro, R, Capunge, I, Fragoso, M, Frazao, J, Martins, A, Pedro, V, Pera, R, Ramalho de Almeida, F, Sampaio Soares, A, Vale, R, Vasconcelos, M, Brito da Silva, F, Caiado, A, Fonseca, F, Angelo, M, Baiao, J, Martins Jordao, D, Vieira Caroco, T, Baia, C, Canotilho, R, Correia, A, Ferreira Pinto, A, Peyroteo, M, Videira, J, Kassir, R, Sauvat, F, Bonci, E, Gata, V, Titu, S, Bezede, C, Chitul, A, Ciofic, E, Cristian, D, Grama, F, Ciubotaru, C, Negoita, V, Stoica, B, Ginghina, O, Iordache, N, Iosifescu, R, Mardare, M, Mirica, R, Spanu, A, Vacaras, A, Zamfir-Chiru-Anton, M, Tsarkov, P, Tulina, I, Abelevich, A, Bazaev, A, Kokobelyan, A, Yanishev, A, Litvina, Y, Provozina, A, Agapov, M, Kazachenko, E, Markaryan, D, Galliamov, E, Kakotkin, V, Kubyshkin, V, Semina, E, Kamalov, A, Novikova, A, Zakharenko, A, Alshahrani, M, Alsharif, F, Eskander, M, Majrashi, S, Mashat, A, Alharthi, M, Aljiffry, M, Basendowah, M, Malibary, N, Nassif, M, Samkari, A, Trabulsi, N, Azab, M, Alqahtani, D, Jaloun, H, Mudawi, I, Al Awwad, S, Alghamdi, M, Alnumani, T, Awad, S, I Sharara, M, Al Habes, H, Alqannas, M, Alyami, M, Alzamanan, M, Cortes-Guiral, D, Elawad, A, Adi, H, Al ahmad, F, Al Ayed, A, Alishi, Y, Alaamer, O, Alselaim, N, Alfaifi, J, D'Souza, J, Al-Khayal, K, Alhassan, N, Alobeed, O, Alshammari, S, Bin Nasser, A, Bin Traiki, T, Nouh, T, Zubaidi, A, Abdulfattah, F, Al-Kharashi, E, Alanazi, F, Albaqami, F, Alghuliga, A, Alsowaina, K, Arab, N, Badahdah, F, Alobaysi, S, Alshahrani, A, Alzahrani, A, Aleksic, L, Antic, A, Barisic, G, Ceranic, M, Grubac, Z, Jelenkovic, J, Kecmanovic, D, Kmezic, S, Knezevic, D, Krivokapic, Z, Latincic, S, Markovic, V, Matic, S, Miladinov, M, Pavlov, M, Pejovic, I, Tadic, B, Vasljevic, J, Velickovic, D, Doklestic, K, Gregoric, P, Ivancevic, N, Loncar, Z, Micic, D, Buta, M, Cvetkovic, A, Gacic, S, Goran, M, Jeftic, N, Markovic, I, Milanovic, M, Nikolic, S, Pejnovic, L, Savkovic, N, Stevic, D, Vucic, N, Zegarac, M, Karamarkovic, A, Kenic, M, Milic, L, Kovacevic, B, Krdzic, I, Lieske, B, Almgla, N, Boutall, A, Herman, A, Kloppers, C, Nel, D, Rayamajhi, S, Paniagua Garcia Senorans, M, Vigorita, V, Acrich, E, Baena Sanfeliu, E, Barrios, O, Golda, T, Santanach, C, Serrano-Navidad, M, Sorribas Grifell, M, Vives, R, Escola, D, Jimenez, A, Alcazar, J, Angoso-Clavijo, M, Blanco-Antona, F, Carabias-Orgaz, A, Diaz Maag, R, Garcia-Plaza, A, Gonzalez-Munoz, J, Munoz-Bellvis, L, Sanchez Tocino, J, Sanchez-Casado, A, Trebol, J, Hernandez Gutierrez, J, Tebar Zamora, A, Palma, P, Cayetano Paniagua, L, Gomez Fernandez, L, Collera Ormazabal, P, Diaz del Gobbo, R, Farre Font, R, Flores Clotet, R, Gomez Diaz, C, Guardia, N, Guariglia, C, Osorio Ramos, A, Sanchez Jimenez, R, Sanchon, L, Soto Montesinos, C, Alonso-Lamberti, L, Garcia-Quijada, J, Jimenez Miramon, J, Jimenez, V, Jover, J, Leon, R, Rodriguez, J, Salazar, A, Valle Rubio, A, Aguado Lopez, H, Bravo Infante, R, De Lacy, F, Lacy, A, Otero, A, Turrado-Rodriguez, V, Valverde, S, Anula, R, Avellana, R, Camarero Rodriguez, E, Catalan Garza, V, Dziakova, J, Garcia Alonso, M, Lasses Martinez, B, Lopez Antonanzas, L, Muguerza, J, Ochagavia, S, Pena Soria, M, Rivera-Alonso, D, Saez Carlin, P, Sanchez del Pueblo, C, Sanz Ortega, G, Sanz-Lopez, R, Torres, A, Martin-Arevalo, J, Moro-Valdezate, D, Pla-Marti, V, Beltran de Heredia, J, De Andres-Asenjo, B, Gomez Sanz, T, Jezieniecki, C, Nunez Del Barrio, H, Ortiz de Solorzano Aurusa, F, Romero de Diego, A, Ruiz Soriano, M, Trujillo Diaz, J, Vazquez Fernandez, A, Lora-Cumplido, P, Sosa-Rodriguez, M, Galvan Perez, A, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E, Minaya Bravo, A, San Miguel, C, Alonso de la Fuente, N, Jimenez Toscano, M, Grau-Talens, E, Martin-Perez, B, Benavides Buleje, J, Carrasco Prats, M, Gimenez Frances, C, Munoz Camarena, J, Parra Banos, P, Pena Ros, E, Ramirez Faraco, M, Ruiz-Marin, M, Valero Soriano, M, Allue, M, Colsa, P, Garcia Dominguez, M, Gimenez Maurel, T, Martin Anoro, L, Ponchietti, L, Rodriguez Artigas, J, Roldon Golet, M, Utrilla Fornals, A, Estaire Gomez, M, Fernandez Camunas, A, Garcia Santos, E, Jimenez Higuera, E, Martinez-Pinedo, C, Munoz-Atienza, V, Padilla-Valverde, D, Picon Rodriguez, R, Sanchez-Garcia, S, Sanchez-Pelaez, D, Curtis Martinez, C, Sanchez-Guillen, L, Colombari, R, Del valle, E, Fernandez, M, Lozano Lominchar, P, Martin, L, Rey Valcarcel, C, Zorrilla Ortuzar, J, Alcaide Matas, F, Garcia Perez, J, Troncoso Pereira, P, Blas Laina, J, Cros, B, Escartin, J, Garcia Egea, J, Nogues, A, Talal El-Abur, I, Yanez, C, Mora-Guzman, I, Achalandabaso Boira, M, Sales Mallafre, R, Marin, H, Prieto Calvo, M, Villalabeitia Ateca, I, De Andres Olabarria, U, Duran Ballesteros, M, Fernandez Pablos, F, Ibanez-Aguirre, F, Sanz Larrainzar, A, Ugarte-Sierra, B, Acosta Merida, M, Ortiz Lopez, D, Yepes Cano, A, Correa Bonito, A, Delgado Burdalo, L, Di Martino, M, Garcia Septiem, J, Maqueda Gonzalez, R, Martin-Perez, E, Calvo Espino, P, Guillamot Ruano, P, Colao Garcia, L, Diaz Perez, D, Esteban Agusti, E, Galindo Jara, P, Gutierrez Samaniego, M, Hernandez Bartolome, M, Serrano Gonzalez, J, Alonso Poza, A, Dieguez, B, Garcia-Conde, M, Hernandez-Garcia, M, Losada, M, Alvarez, E, Chavarrias, N, Gegundez Simon, A, Gortazar de las Casas, S, Guevara-Martinez, J, Prieto Nieto, M, Ramos-Martin, P, Rubio-Perez, I, Saavedra, J, Urbieta, A, Aparicio-Lopez, D, Cantalejo diaz, M, De Miguel Ardevines, M, Dobon Rascon, M, Duque-Mallen, V, Gascon Ferrer, I, Gonzalez-Nicolas Trebol, M, Gracia-Roche, C, Herrero Lopez, M, Kalviainen, H, Martinez German, A, Matute, M, Sanchez Fuentes, N, Santero-Ramirez, M, Saudi, S, Blazquez Martin, A, Diez Alonso, M, Hernandez, P, Mendoza-Moreno, F, Ovejero Merino, E, Vera Mansilla, C, Matias-Garcia, B, Quiroga-Valcarcel, A, Barranquero, A, Cerro Zaballos, C, Nunez, J, Ocana, J, Ramos, D, Acebes Garcia, F, Bailon-Cuadrado, M, Bueno Canones, A, Choolani Bhojwani, E, Marcos-Santos, P, Miguel, T, Pacheco Sanchez, D, Perez-Saborido, B, Sanchez Gonzalez, J, Tejero-Pintor, F, Alconchel, F, Conesa, A, Gil Martinez, J, Gutierrez Fernandez, A, Lopez Abad, A, Nicolas-Lopez, T, Ramirez Romero, P, Roca Calvo, M, Rodrigues, K, Ruiz Manzanera, J, Soriano, A, Cano, A, Capitan-Morales, L, Cintas Catena, J, Gomez-Rosado, J, Oliva Mompean, F, Perez Sanchez, M, Rio Lafuente, F, Torres Arcos, C, Valdes-Hernandez, J, Cholewa, H, Frasson, M, Martinez Chicote, C, Sancho-Muriel, J, Estraviz, B, Fernandez Gomez Cruzado, L, Gonzalez de Miguel, M, Landaluce-olavarria, A, Abad-Gurumeta, A, Abad-Motos, A, Martinez-Hurtado, E, Ripolles-Melchor, J, Ruiz-Escobar, A, Cuadrado-Garcia, A, Garcia-Sancho Tellez, L, Heras Aznar, J, Mate Mate, P, Ortega Vazquez, I, Picardo, A, Rojo Lopez, J, Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera, F, Serralta de Colsa, D, Cagigas Fernandez, C, Caina Ruiz, R, Gomez Ruiz, M, Martinez-Perez, P, Santarrufina Martinez, S, Valbuena Jabares, V, Cagigal Ortega, E, Cervera, I, Diaz Pena, P, Gonzalez, J, Marqueta De Salas, M, Perez Gonzalez, M, Ramos Bonilla, A, Rodriguez Gomez, L, Alfonso Garcia, M, Craus-Miguel, A, Fernandez Vega, L, Ferrer-Inaebnit, E, Gil Catalan, A, Gonzalez Argente, F, Jeri, S, Oseira, A, Pujol Cano, N, Soldevila Verdeguer, C, Villalonga, B, Espin-Basany, E, Srishankar, S, Thalgaspitiya, S, Arulanantham, A, Bandara, G, Jayarajah, U, Ravindrakumar, S, Rodrigo, V, Ali karar, A, Elhafiz, M, Adam Essa Adam, M, Saleh, M, Arkani, S, Freedman, J, Angenete, E, Park, J, Alga, A, Heinius, G, Nordberg, M, Pieniowski, E, Lofgren, N, Arigoni, M, Bernasconi, M, Christoforidis, D, Di Giuseppe, M, La Regina, D, Mongelli, F, Chevallay, M, Dwidar, O, Gialamas, E, Sauvain, M, Crugnale, A, Guglielmetti, L, Peros, G, Gass, M, Metzger, J, Scheiwiller, A, Turina, M, Al Asadi, T, Alkhateb, S, Altom, R, Bakkar, B, Maa Albared, S, Melhem, S, Hammed, A, Hammed, S, Kacem, M, Maghrebi, H, Sebai, A, Aghayeva, A, Hamzaoglu, I, Sahin, I, Akaydin, E, Aliyeva, Z, Aytac, E, Baca, B, Ozben, V, Ozmen, B, Arikan, A, Bilgin, I, Kara, H, Karahasanoglu, T, Uras, C, Akbas, A, Altinel, Y, Calikoglu, F, Ercan, G, Ercetin, C, Hacim, N, Meric, S, Tokocin, M, Vartanoglu, T, Yigitbas, H, Dogangun, M, Iflazoglu, N, Yalkin, O, Cennet, O, Dincer, H, Erol, T, Alhamed, A, Ergun, S, Ozcelik, M, Sanli, A, Uludag, S, Velidedeoglu, M, Zengin, A, Kara, Y, Bozkurt, M, Kocatas, A, Eyuboglu, K, Guner, A, Usta, M, Azamat, I, Balik, E, Bugra, D, Kulle, C, Guler, S, Guresin, A, Tatar, O, Utkan, N, Yildirim, A, Yuksel, E, Abbasov, A, Yanar, H, Akin, E, Altintoprak, F, Cakmak, G, Celebi, F, Demir, H, Dikicier, E, Firat, N, Gonullu, E, Kamburoglu, M, Kucuk, I, Mantoglu, B, Colak, E, Kucuk, G, Uyanik, M, Goksoy, B, Bozkurt, E, Capkinoglu, E, Guven, O, Mihmanli, M, Omeroglu, S, Tanal, M, Yetkin, G, Akalin, M, Arican, C, Avci, E, Aydin, C, Demirli Atici, S, Emiroglu, M, Kaya, T, Kebabci, E, Kilinc Tuncer, G, Kirmizi, Y, Ogucu, H, Salimoglu, S, Sert, I, Tugmen, C, Tuncer, K, Uslu, G, Yesilyurt, D, Yildiz, A, Gultekin, F, Lule, H, Oguttu, B, Agilinko, J, Ahmeidat, A, Bekheit, M, Cheung, L, Kamera, B, Mignot, G, Shaikh, S, Sharma, P, Al-Mohammad, A, Ali, S, Ashcroft, J, Baker, O, Coughlin, P, Davies, R, Kyriacou, H, Mitrofan, C, Morris, A, Raby-Smith, W, Rooney, S, Singh, A, Tan, X, Townson, A, Tweedle, E, Kattakayam, A, Lunevicius, R, Sheel, A, Sud, A, Sundhu, M, Angelou, D, Choynowski, M, Mcaree, B, Mccanny, A, Neely, D, Kamel, F, Kumar, L, Madani, R, Nisar, P, Creanga, M, Elniel, M, Law, J, Mosley, F, Arrowsmith, L, Campbell, W, Grove, T, Kontovounisios, C, Doulias, T, Li, M, Martin, E, Rodwell, H, Clifford, R, Eardley, N, Krishnan, E, Manu, N, Roy Mahapatra, S, Serevina, O, Smith, C, Emslie, K, Labib, P, Minto, G, Natale, J, Panahi, P, Rogers, L, Abubakar, A, Akhter Rahman, M, O'Brien, H, Sasapu, K, Ng, H, Day, A, Hunt, A, Laskar, N, Gupta, A, Steinke, J, Thrumurthy, S, Massie, E, Mcgivern, K, Rutherford, D, Wilson, M, Bacarese-Hamilton, T, Ip, M, James, A, Salerno, G, Stockdale, T, Handa, S, Kaushal, M, Kler, A, Patel, P, Redfern, J, Tezas, S, Aawsaj, Y, Barry, C, Blackwell, L, Emerson, H, Fisher, A, Katory, M, Mustafa, A, Kretzmer, L, Lalou, L, Manku, B, Parwaiz, I, Stafford, J, Abdelkarim, M, Asqalan, A, Gala, T, Ibrahim, S, Maw, A, Mithany, R, Morgan, R, Sundaram Venkatesan, G, Banfield, D, Boal, M, Brown, O, Dean, H, Boulton, A, Hardie, C, Mcnaught, C, Karandikar, S, Naumann, D, Chen, F, Cheung, J, Ayorinde, J, Chase, T, Cuming, T, Ghanbari, A, Humphreys, L, Tayeh, S, Aboelkassem Ibrahim, A, Evans, C, Ikram, H, Loubani, M, Nazir, S, Robinson, A, Sehgal, T, Dixon, J, Jha, M, Thulasiraman, S, Viswanath, Y, Curl-Roper, T, Delimpalta, C, Liao, C, Velchuru, V, Westwood, E, Bond-Smith, G, Mastoridis, S, Tebala, G, Verberne, C, Anscomb, N, Baldwin-Smith, R, Davies, M, Grainger, C, Haji, A, Haq, A, Nunoo-Mensah, J, Rizk, M, Bhatti, M, Boyd-Carson, H, Elsey, E, Gemmill, E, Herrod, P, Mohammedjibreel, M, Lenzi, E, Saafan, T, Sapre, D, Sian, T, Watson, N, Athanasiou, A, Costigan, F, Elkadi, H, Johnstone, J, Nahm, C, Annamalai, S, Ashmore, C, Kourdouli, A, Chean, C, Dharamavaram, S, Kulkarni, N, Pereira, I, Shanthakunalan, K, Srikumar, B, Askari, A, Cirocchi, N, Kudchadkar, S, Patel, K, Sagar, J, Talwar, R, Abdalla, M, Ismail, O, Newton, K, Stylianides, N, Aderombi, A, Bajomo, O, Beatson, K, Garrett, W, Ng, V, Al-Habsi, R, Divya, G, Dixon, F, Keeler, B, Egan, R, Fabre, I, Harries, R, Li, Z, Parkins, K, Spencer, N, Thompson, D, Gemmell, C, Grieco, C, Hunt, L, Mahmoud Ali, F, Seebah, K, Shaikh, I, Sreedharan, L, Youssef, M, Shah, J, Baguley, M, Heer, B, Rogers, M, Woods, R, Mills, S, Sahnan, K, Ahmed, M, Bukhari, S, Illingworth, B, Kanthasamy, S, Knights, E, Ong, S, Pujari, R, Tan, K, Vanker, R, Michel, M, Patil, S, Ravindran, S, Sarveswaran, J, Scott, L, Khan, J, Cato, L, Kamal, M, Kulkarni, R, Parente, A, Saeed, S, Vijayan, D, English, C, Fell, A, Merh, R, Nikolaou, S, Kaul, S, Khan, A, Khan, F, Mukherjee, S, Patel, M, Sarigul, M, Adiamah, A, Brewer, H, Chowdhury, A, Humes, D, Jackman, J, Koh, A, Lewis-Lloyd, C, Oyende, O, Reilly, J, Worku, D, Bisset, C, Chadha, R, Math, S, Sarantitis, I, Timbrell, S, Vitone, L, Faulkner, G, Brixton, G, Findlay, L, Majkowska, A, Manson, J, Potter, R, Bhalla, A, Chia, Z, Daliya, P, Grimley, E, Malcolm, F, Theophilidou, E, Daniels, I, Fowler, G, Massey, L, Mcdermott, F, Rajaretnam, N, Angamuthu, N, Chowdhury, S, Gilliland, J, Hart, C, Knowles, J, Mirnezami, R, Varcada, M, Beamish, A, Magowan, D, Nassa, H, Price, C, Smith, L, Solari, F, Tang, A, Williams, G, Davies, E, Hawkin, P, Raymond, T, Ryska, O, Baron, R, Gahunia, S, Mcnicol, F, Russ, J, Szatmary, P, Thomas, A, Jayasinghe, J, Knowles, C, Ledesma, F, Minicozzi, A, Navaratne, L, Ramamoorthy, R, Sohrabi, C, Thaha, M, Atherton, R, Brocklehurst, M, Mcaleer, J, Parkin, E, Aladeojebi, A, Ali, M, Gaunt, A, Hammer, C, Stebbing, J, Coomber, E, Williams, O, Bunni, J, Fairhurst, K, Mitchell, S, Richards, S, Hraishawi, I, Mcilmunn, C, Mcintosh, S, Bhasin, S, Bodla, A, Burahee, A, Crichton, A, Fossett, R, Yassin, N, Barlow, C, Ding, D, Foster, J, Longstaff, L, Brown, S, Lee, M, Newman, T, Steele, C, Baker, A, Konstantinou, C, Ramcharan, S, Wilkin, R, Colvin, H, Shakoor, Z, Lyons, A, Newman, S, Chung, E, Hagger, R, Hainsworth, A, Karim, A, Owen, H, Ramwell, A, Williams, K, Hall, J, Harris, G, Royle, T, Watson, L, Asaad, P, Brown, B, Duff, S, Moura, F, Wadham, B, Mccluney, S, Parmar, C, Shah, S, Babar, M, Goodrum, S, Whitmore, H, Balasubramaniam, D, Jayasankar, B, Kapoor, S, Ramachandran, A, Beech, N, Chand, M, Green, L, Kiconco, H, Mcewen, R, Pereca, J, Arumugam, S, Ibrahim, B, Khan, K, Gash, K, Gourbault, L, Maccabe, T, Newton, C, Baig, M, Bates, H, Dunne, N, Khajuria, A, Sarma, D, Shortland, T, Tewari, N, Akhtar, M, Brunt, A, Mcintyre, J, Milne, K, Rashid, M, Sgro, A, Stewart, K, Turnbull, A, Gossedge, G, O'Donnell, S, Oldfield, F, Aguilar Gonzalez, M, Talukder, S, Eskander, P, Hanna, M, Olivier, J, Basnyat, P, Davis, H, Montauban, P, Shrestha, A, Magee, C, Powell, S, Flindall, I, Hanson, A, Mahendran, V, Green, S, Lim, M, Macdonald, L, Miu, V, Onos, L, Sheridan, K, Young, R, Alam, F, Griffiths, O, Houlden, C, Kolli, V, Lala, A, Seymour, Z, Consorti, E, Gonzalez, R, Kwan-Feinberg, R, Liu, T, Cooper, Z, Hirji, S, Mahvi, D, Okafor, B, Roxo, V, Salim, A, Telma, K, Bokenkamp, M, Haynes, A, Hill, C, Leede, E, Mcelhinney, K, Olson, K, Riley, C, Bigelow, B, Etchill, E, Gabre-Kidan, A, Jenny, H, Kent, A, Ladd, M, Long, C, Malapati, H, Margalit, A, Rapaport, S, Rose, J, Stevens, K, Tsai, L, Vervoort, D, Yesantharao, P, Klaristenfeld, D, Huynh, K, Naar, L, Qadan, M, Cha, D, Gleeson, E, Horn, C, Sarpel, U, Bhama, A, Colling, K, Najarian, M, Azam, M, Choudhry, A, Marx, W, Chokshi, R, Glass, N, Tsui, G, Abel, M, Boeck, M, Chern, H, Kornblith, L, Nunez-Garcia, B, Ozgediz, D, Sarin, A, Varma, M, Abbott, D, Acher, A, Aiken, T, Barrett, J, Foley, E, Schwartz, P, Zafar, S, Hawkins, A, Maiga, A, Ruzgar, N, Sion, M, Ullrich, S, Al-Naggar, H, Al-Shehari, M, Almassaudi, A, Alsayadi, M, Alsayadi, R, Shream, S, Adamina M., Ademuyiwa A., Adisa A., Bhangu A. A., Bravo A. M., Cunha M. F., Emile S., Ghosh D., Glasbey J. C., Harris B., Keller D., Lawday S., Lederhuber H., Leventoglu S., Li E., Modolo M. M., Mittal R., Mohan H. M., Nepogodiev D., Parreno-Sacdalan M. D., Pata F., Pockney P., Rutegard M., Smart N., Varghese C., Siaw-Acheampong K., Benson R. A., Bywater E., Chaudhry D., Dawson B. E., Evans J. P., Gujjuri R. R., Heritage E., Jones C. S., Kamarajah S. K., Khatri C., Khaw R. A., Keatley J. M., Knight A., Mann H. S., Marson E. J., McLean K. A., Mckay S. C., Mills E. C., Pellino G., Picciochi M., Taylor E. H., Tiwari A., Trout I. M., Venn M. L., JW Wilkin R., Bhangu A., Smart N. J., Minaya-Bravo A., Gallo G., Moug S., Saverio S. D., Vallance A., Vimalchandran D., Griffiths E. A., Evans R. P. T., Townend P., Roberts K., McKay S., Isaac J., Satoi S., Edwards J., Coonar A. S., Marchbank A., Caruana E. J., Layton G. R., Patel A., Brunelli A., Ford S., Desai A., Gronchi A., Fiore M., Almond M., Tirotta F., Dumitra S., Kolias A., Price S. J., Fountain D. M., Jenkinson M. D., Hutchinson P., Marcus H. J., Piper R. J., Lippa L., Servadei F., Esene I., Freyschlag C., Neville I., Rosseau G., Schaller K., Demetriades A. K., Robertson F., Alamri A., Shaw R., Schache A. G., Winter S. C., Ho M., Nankivell P., Biel J. R., Batstone M., Ganly I., Vidya R., Wilkins A., Singh J. K., Thekinkattil D., Sundar S., Fotopoulou C., Leung E. Y. L., Khan T., Chiva L., Sehouli J., Fagotti A., Cohen P., Gutelkin M., Ghebre R., Konney T., Pareja R., Bristow R., Dowdy S., Shylasree T. S., Seenivasagam R. K., Ng J., Fujiwara K., Stewart G. D., Lamb B., Narahari K., McNeill A., Colquhoun A., McGrath J. S., Bromage S., Barod R., Kasivisvanathan V., Klatte T., Abbott T. E. F., Abukhalaf S., Ademuyiwa A. O., Agarwal A., Akkulak M., Alameer E., Alderson D., Alakaloko F., Albertsmeier M., Alser O., Alshaar M., Alshryda S., Arnaud A. P., Augestad K. M., Ayasra F., Azevedo J., Bankhead-Kendall B. K., Barlow E., Beard D., Blanco-Colino R., Brar A., Breen K. A., Bretherton C., Buarque I. L., Burke J., Chaar M., Chakrabortee S., Christensen P., Cox D., Cukier M., Davidson G. H., Drake T. M., Edwards J. G., Elhadi M., Farik S., Fitzgerald J. E., Garmanova T., Gomes G. M. A., Grecinos G., Gruendl M., Halkias C., Harrison E. M., Hisham I., Hutchinson P. J., Hwang S., Isik A., Jonker P., Kaafarani H. M. A., Kruijff S., Lawani I., Litvin A., Loehrer A., Loffler M. W., Lorena M. A., Major P., Martin J., Mashbari H. N., Mazingi D., Metallidis S., Moore R., Moszkowicz D., Ng-Kamstra J. S., Maimbo M., Negoi I., Niquen M., Ntirenganya F., Olivos M., Oussama K., Outani O., Rivera C. J. P., Pinkney T. D., van der Plas W., Qureshi A., Radenkovic D., Ramos-De la Medina A., Richards T., Roslani A. C., Segura-Sampedro J. J., Santos I., Sayyed R., Schache A., Schnitzbauer A. A., Seyi-Olajide J. O., Sharma N., Shaw C. A., Shu S., Soreide K., Spinelli A., Sund M., Tabiri S., Tsoulfas G., van Ramshorst G. H., Vimalachandran D., Warren O. J., Wedderburn D., Wright N., Valenzuela J. I., Alurralde C., Caram E. L., Eskinazi D. G., Badra R., Garcia J. S., Lucchini S. M., Vasey C., Watson E., Cecire J., Salindera S., Sutherland A., Ahn J. H., Chen S., Gauri N., Jang S., Jia F., Mulligan C. S., Yang W., Ye G., Zhang H., Moss J., Thian A., Vo U. G., Bagraith K., Chan E., Ho D., Jeyarajan E., Jordan S., Nolan G. J., Von Papen M., Wullschleger M., Dawson A. C., Drane A., Egoroff N., Gani J., Lott N., Phan D., Townend D., Bong C., Gundara J., Bowman S., Guerra G. R., Gerns N., Riddell A., Dudi-Venkata N. N., Kroon H. M., Sammour T., Mitchell D., Swinson B., Waldron A., Walker P., Lun E. W. Y., Messner F., Ofner D., Emmanuel K., Grechenig M., Gruber R., Harald M., Jager T., Ohlberger L., Presl J., Wimmer A., Namazov I., Samadov E., Barker D., Boyce R., Doyle A., Eastmond A., Gill R., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Paquette N., Phillips E., St John S., Walkes K., Flamey N., Pattyn P., Ceelen W., Van de Putte D., Van Nieuwenhove Y., Van Ramshorst G., Willaert W., Oosterlinck W., Van den Eynde J., Van den Eynde R., Aguiar Junior S., Marques T., Camara P., De Lima R. K., Della Giustina E., Hoffmann P. V., Nacif L., Carvalho Ferro C., Lima Buarque I., Lira dos Santos Leite A., Pol-Fachin L., Santos Bezerra T., Silva A., Silvestre D., Vieira Barros A., Laporte G., Salem M., Barakat Awada J., Ijichi T. R., Kim N. J., Marreiro A., Muller B., Nunes R., Bodanese B., Isoton J. C., Regina de Sampaio L., Vendrame C., Sokolov M., Gribnev P., Boutros M., Caminsky N., Ghitulescu G., Groot G., Persad A., Pham H., Wood M., Demyttenaere S., Garfinkle R., Brown C., Karimuddin A., Lee N., Liu J., Madani Kia T., Phang P. T., Raval M., Tom K., Martel A., Nessim C., Stevenson J., Al Riyami S., Bali K., Bigam D., Dajani K., Dell A., Bellolio F., Besser N., Grasset E., Inzunza M., Quintana Martinic M., Riquoir Altamirano C., Ruiz Esquide M., Arias-Amezquita F., Cetares C., Cortes Murgueitio N., Gomez-Mayorga J. L., Abadia M., Bonilla A., Facundo H., Guevara O., Herrera Mora D. R., Jimenez Ramirez L. J., Manrique E., Pinilla Morales R. E., Rey Ferro M., Velasquez Cuasquen B. G., Bacic G., Karlovic D., Krsul D., Zelic M., Bakmaz B., Coza I., Dijan E., Katusic Z., Mihanovic J., Rakvin I., Almezghwi H., Arslan K., Ozant A., Ozcay N., Frantzeskou K., Gouvas N., Kokkinos G., Papatheodorou P., Pozotou I., Stavrinidou O., Yiallourou A., Martinek L., Skrovina M., Szubota I., Peteja M., Zatecky J., Avlund T., Harbjerg J. L., Iversen L. H., Kjaer D. W., Kristensen H. O., Mekhael M., Ebbehoj A. L., Krarup P., Schlesinger N., Smith H., Crespo A., Diaz P., Rivas R., Tactuk N., El Kassas M., Omar W., Tawheed A., Talaat M., Abdelsamed A., Azzam A. Y., Salem H., Seleim A., AL Sayed M., Ashoush F., Elazzazy E., Essam E., Ewedah M., Hassan E., Metwalli M., Mourad M., Qatora M. S., Sabry A., Samih A., Samir Abdelaal A., Shehata S., Shenit K., Attia D., Kamal N., Osman N., Alaa S., Hamza H. M., M. elghazaly S., Mohammed M. M., Nageh M. A., Saad M. M., Yousof E. A., Eldaly A., Alrahawy M., Sakr A., Soliman H., Soltan H., Amira G., Sallam I., Sherief M., Sherif A., Ghaly G., Hamdy R., Morsi A., Sherif G., Abdeldayem H., Abdelkader Salama I., Balabel M., Fayed Y., Sherif A. E., Elmorsi R., Refky B., Bekele K., Kauppila J. H., Sarjanoja E., Helminen O., Huhta H., Beyrne C., Jouffret L., Marie-Macron L., Fredon F., Roux A., Lakkis Z., Manfredelli S., Chebaro A., El Amrani M., Lecolle K., Piessen G., Eveno C., Noiret B., Veziant J., Pruvot F. R., Zerbib P., Ballouhey Q., Barrat B., Taibi A., Bergeat D., Merdrignac A., Le Roy B., Perotto L. O., Scalabre A., Aime A., Ezanno A. C., Malgras B., Bouche P. A., Tzedakis S., Cotte E., Glehen O., Bendjemar L., Braham H., Charre L., El Arbi N., Police A., Volpin E., D'Urso A., Mutter D., Seeliger B., Bonnet S., Denet C., Fuks D., Laforest A., Pourcher G., Seguin-givelet A., Tribillon E., Duchalais E., Bork U., Fritzmann J., Praetorius C., Weitz J., Welsch T., Beyer K., Kamphues C., Lauscher J., Loch F. N., Schineis C., Kappenberger A., Schiergens T., Werner J., Becker R., Jonescheit J., Pergolini I., Reim D., Herzberg J., Honarpisheh H., Strate T., Boeker C., Hakami I., Mall J. W., Nowak K., Reinhard T., Kleeff J., Michalski C., Ronellenfitsch U., Bertolani E., Konigsrainer A., Quante M., Steidle C., Uberruck L., Yurttas C., Izbicki J., Nitschke C., Perez D., Uzunoglu F. G., Antonakis P., Contis I., Dellaportas D., Gklavas A., Konstadoulakis M., Memos N., Papaconstantinou I., Polydorou A., Theodosopoulos T., Vezakis A., Antonopoulou M. I., Manatakis D. K., Tasis N., Arkadopoulos N., Danias N., Economopoulou P., Frountzas M., Kokoropoulos P., Larentzakis A., Michalopoulos N., Parasyris S., Selmani J., Sidiropoulos T., Vassiliu P., Bouchagier K., Klimopoulos S., Paspaliari D., Stylianidis G., Akrivou D., Baxevanidou K., Bouliaris K., Chatzikomnitsa P., Delinasios G., Doudakmanis C., Efthimiou M., Giaglaras A., Kalfountzos C., Kolla C., Koukoulis G., Zervas K., Zourntou S., Baloyiannis I., Diamantis A., Perivoliotis K., Tzovaras G., Christidis P., Ioannidis O., Loutzidou L., Karaitianos I. G., Geroukalis A., Tsirlis T., Baili E., Charalabopoulos A., Liakakos T., Schizas D., Spartalis E., Syllaios A., Zografos C., Christou C., Papadopoulos V., Tooulias A., Athanasakis E., Chrysos E., Tsiaoussis I., Xenaki S., Xynos E., Futaba K., Ho M. F., Hon S., Mak T. W. C., Ng S., Foo C. C., Banky B., Susztak N., Misra S., Pareek P., Vishnoi J. R., Jain A., Mishra S., Mishra T., Mitra J. K., Muduly D., Agrawal A., Garg P. K., Kottayasamy Seenivasagam R., Majumdar K. S., Mishra N., Singh M. P., Chyau Patnaik S., Rao S., Reddy P., S R., Saksena A. R., Y J., Ayloor Seshadri R., Haque P. D., Jeyaraj P., Kannummal Veetil S., Mahajan A., Devarakonda S., Jesudason M. R., Moorthy M., Yezzaji H., Aggarwal M., Dhamija P., Kumar A., Chisthi M., D G., George G., Kollengode V. V., Kuttanchettiyar K. G., Yadev I., Dharanipragada K., Kalayarasan R., Penumadu P., B L., Mathew S., Akhtar N., Chaturvedi A., Gupta S., Kumar V., Rajan S., Agrawal N., Arora A., Chaturvedi H., Jain M., Kumar S., Singh S., Bhat G. A., Chowdri N., Mehraj A., Parray F. Q., Shah Z. A., Wani R., Ahmed Z., Bhat M. A., Laharwal A., Mahmood M., Mir I., Mohammad Z., Muzamil J., Rashid A., Singh R., Ahmed A., Jain D., Pipara A., Desoouza A., Pandey D., Pramesh C. S., Saklani A., Islam A. A., Kembuan G., Pajan H., Aremu M., Canas-Martinez A., Cullivan O., Murphy C., Owens P., Pickett L., Corrigan M., Daly A., Fleming C. A., Jordan P., Kayyal M. Y., Killeen S., Lynch N., O'Brien S., Syed W. A. S., Vernon L., Hanly A., Heneghan H., Kennelly R., Martin S. T., Winter D., Fahey B. A., Larkin J., Mccormick P., Mehigan B. J., Mohan H., Shokuhi P., Smith J., Bashir Y., Bass G., Connelly T., Creavin B., Earley H., Elliott J. A., Gillis A. E., Kavanagh D., Neary P., O'Riordan J., Reynolds I. S., Rice D., Ridgway P. F., Umair M., Whelan M., Corless K., Finnegan L., Fowler A., Hogan A., Lowery A., McKevitt K., Nugent E., Ryan E. J., Coffey J. C., Cunningham R. M., Devine M., Nally D., Peirce C., Hardy N. P., Neary P. M., O'Malley S., Ryan M., Gaziants V., Gold-Deutch R., Lavy R., Zmora O., Macina S., Mariani N. M., Opocher E., Pisani Ceretti A., Bianco F., Marino M., Marino M. V., Mirabella A., Vaccarella G., Sena G., Agostini C., Alemanno G., Bartolini I., Bergamini C., Bruscino A., De Vincenti R., Di Bella A., Fortuna L., Maltinti G., Muiesan P., Prosperi P., Ringressi M. N., Risaliti M., Taddei A., Tucci R., Campagnaro T., Guglielmi A., Pedrazzani C., Rattizzato S., Ruzzenente A., Turri G., Altomare D. F., Papagni V., Picciariello A., Bellora P., D'Aloisio G., Ferrari M., Francone E., Gentilli S., Nikaj H., Bianchini M., Chiarugi M., Coccolini F., Cremonini C., Di Franco G., Furbetta N., Gianardi D., Guadagni S., Morelli L., Musetti S., Palmeri M., Tartaglia D., Anania G., Carcoforo P., Chiozza M., De Troia A., Koleva Radica M., Portinari M., Sibilla M. G., Urbani A., Fabbri N., Feo C. V., Gennari S., Parini S., Righini E., Annessi V., Castro Ruiz C., Giunta A., Montella M. T., Zizzo M., Grossi U., Novello S., Romano M., Rossi S., Zanus G., Esposito G., Frongia F., Pisanu A., Podda M., Belluco C., Lauretta A., Montori G., Moras L., Olivieri M., Feo C. F., Perra T., Porcu A., Scanu A. M., Aversano A., Carbone F., Delrio P., Di Lauro K., Fares Bucci A., Rega D., Spiezio G., Pirozzolo G., Recordare A., Vignotto C., Calabro M., Farnesi F., Lunghi E. G., Muratore A., Pipitone Federico N. S., De Palma G., Luglio G., Pagano G., Tropeano F. P., Baldari L., Boni L., Cassinotti E., Cosimelli M., Guaglio M., Sorrentino L., Agnes A., Alfieri S., Belia F., Biondi A., Cozza V., D'Ugo D., De Simone V., Litta F., Lorenzon L., Marra A. A., Marzi F., Parello A., Persiani R., Ratto C., Rosa F., Scrima O., Sganga G., Belli A., Izzo F., Patrone R., Foppa C., Carvello M. M., De Lucia F., Aprile A., Batistotti P., Massobrio A., Pertile D., Scabini S., Soriero D., De Manzoni Garberini A., Mazzotti F., Pasini F., Ugolini G., Barone R., Birolo S. L., Caccetta M., Deirino A., Garino M., Grasso M., Marafante C., Masciandaro A., Moggia E., Mungo S., Murgese A., Raggio E., Federico P., Maida P., Marra E., Marte G., Petrillo A., Tammaro P., Tufo A., Berselli M., Borroni G., Cocozza E., Conti L., Desio M., Rizzi A., Baldi C., Corbellini C., Sampietro G. M., Bordoni P., Clarizia G., Fleres F., Franzini M., Grechi A., Longhini A., Spolini A., Baldini E., Capelli P., Isolani S. M., Ribolla M., Bondurri A., Colombo F., Ferrario L., Guerci C., Maffioli A., Armao T., Ballabio M., Bisagni P., Longhi M., Madonini M., Impellizzeri H., Inama M., Moretto G., Mochet S., Usai A., Incollingo P., Giacometti M., Zonta S., Marino Cosentino L., Sagnotta A., Nespoli L. C., Tamini N., Anastasi A., Bartalucci B., Bellacci A., Canonico G., Capezzuoli L., Di Martino C., Ipponi P., Linari C., Montelatici M., Nelli T., Spagni G., Tirloni L., Vitali A., Abate E., Casati M., Laface L., Schiavo M., Arminio A., Cotoia A., Lizzi V., Vovola F., Vergari R., D'Ugo S., Depalma N., Spampinato M. G., Annicchiarico A., Catena F., Giuffrida M., Perrone G., Baronio G., Carissimi F., Montuori M., Pinotti E., Brachini G., Chiappini A., Cicerchia P. M., Cirillo B., De Toma G., Fiori E., Fonsi G. B., Iannone I., La Torre F., Lapolla P., Meneghini S., Mingoli A., Sapienza P., Zambon M., Capolupo G. T., Carannante F., Mazzotta E., Gattolin A., Migliore M., Rimonda R., Sasia D., Travaglio E., Chessa A., Fiorini A., Norcini C., Colletti G., Confalonieri M., Costanzi A., Frattaruolo C., Mari G., Monteleone M., Locatelli A., Riva C., Balconi A., De Nardi P., Parise P., Vignali A., Belvedere A., Bernante P., Droghetti M., Jovine E., Neri J., Parlanti D., Pezzuto A. P., Poggioli G., Rottoli M., Russo I. S., Tanzanu M., Violante T., Borghi F., Cianflocca D., Di Maria Grimaldi S., Donati D., Gelarda E., Giraudo G., Giuffrida M. C., Marano A., Palagi S., Pellegrino L., Peluso C., Testa V., Agresta F., Prando D., Zese M., Armatura G., Frena A., Bertelli G., Marinello P., Notte F., Scotton G., Cervellera M., Gori A., Sartarelli L., Tonini V., Sammarco G., Vescio G., Di Marzo F., Kanemitsu Y., Moritani K., Al Abdallah M., Ayasra Y., Qasem A., Fahmawee T., Hmedat A., Obeidat K., Abou Chaar M. K., Al-Masri M., Al-Najjar H., Alawneh F., Aldokali N., Senossi O., Subhi M. T., Algallai M., Alwarfly S., Alzaede S., Gahwagi M., Moftah M., Burgan D., Kamoka E., Kilani A. I., Abdelkabir M., Altomi I., Abdulwahed E., Alshareea E., Aribi N., Aribi S., Biala M., Ghamgh R., Alsoufi A., Ellojli I., Kredan A., Msherghi A., Alshareef K., Alkadiki G. Z., Almaadany F. S., Bradulskis S., Dainius E., Kubiliute E., Kutkevicius J., Parseliunas A., Subocius A., Venskutonis D., Rasoaherinomenjanahary F., Razafindrahita J. B., Samison L. H., Ngo C. W., Ramasamy S., Hamdan K. H., MdRazali. I K. H., Tan J. A., Thanapal M. R., Choong E., Lim R. Z. M., Sahid N. A., Hayati F., Jayasilan J., Sriram R. K., Subramaniam S., Ibrahim A. F., Che jusoh A., Hussain A. H., Mohamed Sidek A. S., Mohd Yunus M. F., Soh J. Y., Wong M. P., Zakaria A. D., Zakaria Z., Mohd Azman Z. A., Fathi N. Q., Xavier R., Alvarez M. R., Cordera F., Hernandez R., Soule Martinez C. E., Aboharp Hasan Z., Otoniel L. R., Sosa Duran E. E., Melchor-Ruan J., Romero Banuelos E., Vilar-Compte D., Buerba G. A., Mercado M. A., Posadas-Trujillo O. E., Salgado-Nesme N., Sarre C., Amrani L., Benkabbou A., El Ahmadi B., El Bouazizi Y., Belkhadir Z. H., Ghannam A., Majbar A. M., Mohsine R., Souadka A., Hompes R., Meima-van Praag E. M., Pronk A. J. M., Sharabiany S., Grotenhuis B. A., Hartveld L., Ebben L., Kuiper S., Melenhorst J., Poeze M., Posma-Bouman L., Derksen T., Franken J., Oosterling S., Konsten J., Van Heinsbergen M., Adeyeye A., Enoch E., Nwabuoku S. E., Sholadoye T. T., Tolani M. A., Olaogun J., Abiyere H., Babalola O., Okunlola A., Ali Sani S., Chinda J., Garba S., Mshelbwala P., Olori S., Olute A., Osagie O., Pius Ogolekwu I., Umar A., Abdur-Rahman L. O., Bello J. O., Olasehinde O., Popoola A. A., Abassy J., Ahmed K., Alvi A., Khan S., Pirzada A., Saleem A., Siddiqui M. T., Turk K., Jamal A., Kerawala A. A., Memon A. S., Nafees Ahmed R., Rai L., Ali A. A., Afzal M. F., Khokhar M. I., Ayub B., Ramesh P., Ayyaz M., Butt U., Kashif M., Qureshi A. U., Farooka M. W., Ayubi A., Waqar S. H., Al-Slaibi I., Alzeerelhouseini H. I. A., Jobran F., Abukhalaf S. A., Jocson R., Teh C., Uy Magadia E., Bak M., Dubienska K., Lawnicka A., Murawa D., Janik M., Kowalewski P., Kwiatkowski A., Roszkowski R., Sroczynski P., Waledziak M., Azevedo C., Machado D., Mendes F., De Sousa X., Fernandes U., Ferreira C., Guidi G., Marcal A., Marques R., Martins D., Vaz-Pereira R., Vieira B., Almeida J. I., Almeida-Reis R., Correia de Sa T., Costa M. J. M. A., Fernandes V., Ferraz I., Lima da Cruz L., Lima da Silva C., Lopes L., Machado N., Marialva J., Nunes Coelho M., Pedro J., Pereira C., Ribeiro A., Ribeiro C. G., Santos R., Saraiva P., Silva R., Tavares F., Teixeira M., Almeida A. C., Amaral M. J., Andrade R., Camacho C., Costa M., Lazaro A., Nogueira O., Oliveira A., Ruivo A., Silva M., Simoes J. F. F., Devezas V., Jacome F., Nogueiro J., Pereira A., Santos-Sousa H., Vaz S., Pinto J., Tojal A., Cardoso P., Martins R., Martins dos Santos G., Henriques P., Morais H., Sousa S., Cardoso N., Teixeira J., Pereira R., Revez T., Ribeiro R., Manso I., Domingues J., Amorim E., Baptista V. H., Sampaio da Novoa Gomes Miguel I. I., Bandovas J. P., Borges N., Chumbinho B., Figueiredo de Barros I., Frade S., Gomes J., Kam da Silva Andrade A., Pereira Rodrigues A., Pina S., Silva N., Silveira Nunes I., Sousa R., Azevedo P., Costeira B., Cunha C., Garrido R., Miranda P., Peralta Ferreira M., Sousa Fernandes M., Galvao D., Vieira A., Patricio B., Santos P. M. D. D., Vieira Paiva Lopes A. C., Cunha R., Faustino A., Freitas A., Mendes J. R., Parreira R., Abreu da Silva A., Claro M., Costa Santos D., Deus A. C., Grilo J. V., Castro Borges F., Corte Real J., Henriques S., Lima M. J., Matos Costa P., Alagoa Joao A., Camarneiro R., Capunge I., Fragoso M., Frazao J., Martins A., Pedro V., Pera R., Ramalho de Almeida F., Sampaio Soares A., Vale R., Vasconcelos M., Brito da Silva F., Caiado A., Fonseca F., Angelo M., Baiao J. M., Martins Jordao D., Vieira Caroco T., Baia C., Canotilho R., Correia A. M., Ferreira Pinto A. P., Peyroteo M., Videira J. F., Kassir R., Sauvat F., Bonci E., Gata V., Titu S., Bezede C., Chitul A., Ciofic E., Cristian D., Grama F., Ciubotaru C., Negoita V. M., Stoica B., Ginghina O., Iordache N., Iosifescu R. V., Mardare M., Mirica R. M., Spanu A., Vacaras A. B., Zamfir-Chiru-Anton M., Tsarkov P., Tulina I., Abelevich A., Bazaev A., Kokobelyan A. K., Yanishev A., Litvina Y., Provozina A., Agapov M., Kazachenko E., Markaryan D., Galliamov E., Kakotkin V., Kubyshkin V., Semina E., Kamalov A., Novikova A., Zakharenko A., Alshahrani M., Alsharif F., Eskander M., Majrashi S., Mashat A., Alharthi M., Aljiffry M., Basendowah M., Malibary N., Nassif M., Samkari A., Trabulsi N., Azab M. A., Alqahtani D., Jaloun H., Mudawi I., Al Awwad S., Alghamdi M., Alnumani T., Awad S., I Sharara M., Al Habes H., Alqannas M., Alyami M., Alzamanan M., Cortes-Guiral D., Elawad A., Adi H., Al ahmad F., Al Ayed A., Alishi Y., AlAamer O., Alselaim N., Alfaifi J., D'Souza J., Al-Khayal K., Alhassan N., Alobeed O., Alshammari S., Bin Nasser A., Bin Traiki T., Nouh T., Zubaidi A., Abdulfattah F., Al-Kharashi E., Alanazi F., Albaqami F., Alghuliga A., Alsowaina K., Arab N., Badahdah F., Alobaysi S., Alshahrani A., Alzahrani A., Aleksic L., Antic A., Barisic G., Ceranic M., Grubac Z., Jelenkovic J., Kecmanovic D., Kmezic S., Knezevic D., Krivokapic Z., Latincic S., Markovic V., Matic S., Miladinov M., Pavlov M., Pejovic I., Tadic B., Vasljevic J., Velickovic D., Doklestic K., Gregoric P., Ivancevic N., Loncar Z., Micic D., Buta M., Cvetkovic A., Gacic S., Goran M., Jeftic N., Markovic I., Milanovic M., Nikolic S., Pejnovic L., Savkovic N., Stevic D., Vucic N., Zegarac M., Karamarkovic A., Kenic M., Milic L. J., Kovacevic B., Krdzic I., Lieske B., Almgla N., Boutall A., Herman A., Kloppers C., Nel D., Rayamajhi S., Paniagua Garcia Senorans M., Vigorita V., Acrich E., Baena Sanfeliu E., Barrios O., Golda T., Santanach C., Serrano-Navidad M., Sorribas Grifell M., Vives R. V., Escola D., Jimenez A., Alcazar J. A., Angoso-Clavijo M., Blanco-Antona F., Carabias-Orgaz A., Diaz Maag R., Garcia J., Garcia-Plaza A. G. P., Gonzalez-Munoz J. I., Munoz-Bellvis L., Sanchez Tocino J. M., Sanchez-Casado A. B., Trebol J., Hernandez Gutierrez J., Tebar Zamora A., Palma P., Cayetano Paniagua L., Gomez Fernandez L., Collera Ormazabal P., Diaz del Gobbo R., Farre Font R., Flores Clotet R., Gomez Diaz C. J., Guardia N., Guariglia C. A., Osorio Ramos A., Sanchez Jimenez R., Sanchon L., Soto Montesinos C., Alonso-Lamberti L., Garcia-Quijada J., Jimenez Miramon J., Jimenez V., Jover J. M., Leon R., Rodriguez J. L., Salazar A., Valle Rubio A., Aguado Lopez H., Bravo Infante R., De Lacy F. B., Lacy A. M., Otero A., Turrado-Rodriguez V., Valverde S., Anula R., Avellana R., Camarero Rodriguez E., Catalan Garza V., Dziakova J., Garcia Alonso M., Lasses Martinez B., Lopez Antonanzas L., Muguerza J. M., Ochagavia S., Pena Soria M. J., Rivera-Alonso D., Saez Carlin P., Sanchez del Pueblo C., Sanz Ortega G., Sanz-Lopez R., Torres A., Martin-Arevalo J., Moro-Valdezate D., Pla-Marti V., Beltran de Heredia J., De Andres-Asenjo B., Gomez Sanz T., Jezieniecki C., Nunez Del Barrio H., Ortiz de Solorzano Aurusa F. J., Romero de Diego A., Ruiz Soriano M., Trujillo Diaz J., Vazquez Fernandez A., Lora-Cumplido P., Sosa-Rodriguez M. V., Galvan Perez A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez E., Minaya Bravo A. M., San Miguel C., Alonso de la Fuente N., Jimenez Toscano M., Grau-Talens E. J., Martin-Perez B., Benavides Buleje J. A., Carrasco Prats M., Gimenez Frances C., Munoz Camarena J. M., Parra Banos P. A., Pena Ros E., Ramirez Faraco M., Ruiz-Marin M., Valero Soriano M., Allue M., Colsa P., Garcia Dominguez M., Gimenez Maurel T., Martin Anoro L. F., Ponchietti L., Rodriguez Artigas J. M., Roldon Golet M., Utrilla Fornals A., Estaire Gomez M., Fernandez Camunas A., Garcia Santos E. P., Jimenez Higuera E., Martinez-Pinedo C., Munoz-Atienza V., Padilla-Valverde D., Picon Rodriguez R., Sanchez-Garcia S., Sanchez-Pelaez D., Curtis Martinez C., Sanchez-Guillen L., Colombari R. C., Del valle E., Fernandez M., Lozano Lominchar P., Martin L., Rey Valcarcel C., Zorrilla Ortuzar J., Alcaide Matas F., Garcia Perez J. M., Troncoso Pereira P., Blas Laina J. L., Cros B., Escartin J., Garcia Egea J., Nogues A., Talal El-Abur I., Yanez C., Mora-Guzman I., Achalandabaso Boira M., Sales Mallafre R., Marin H., Prieto Calvo M., Villalabeitia Ateca I., De Andres Olabarria U., Duran Ballesteros M., Fernandez Pablos F. J., Ibanez-Aguirre F. J., Sanz Larrainzar A., Ugarte-Sierra B., Acosta Merida M. A., Ortiz Lopez D., Yepes Cano A. F., Correa Bonito A., Delgado Burdalo L., Di Martino M., Garcia Septiem J., Maqueda Gonzalez R., Martin-Perez E., Calvo Espino P., Guillamot Ruano P., Colao Garcia L., Diaz Perez D., Esteban Agusti E., Galindo Jara P., Gutierrez Samaniego M., Hernandez Bartolome M. A., Serrano Gonzalez J., Alonso Poza A., Dieguez B., Garcia-Conde M., Hernandez-Garcia M., Losada M., Alvarez E., Chavarrias N., Gegundez Simon A., Gortazar de las Casas S., Guevara-Martinez J., Prieto Nieto M. I., Ramos-Martin P., Rubio-Perez I., Saavedra J., Urbieta A., Aparicio-Lopez D., Cantalejo diaz M., De Miguel Ardevines M. D. C., Dobon Rascon M. A., Duque-Mallen V., Gascon Ferrer I., Gonzalez-Nicolas Trebol M. T., Gracia-Roche C., Herrero Lopez M., Kalviainen H., Martinez German A., Matute M., Sanchez Fuentes N., Santero-Ramirez M. S., Saudi S., Blazquez Martin A., Diez Alonso M., Hernandez P., Mendoza-Moreno F., Ovejero Merino E., Vera Mansilla C., Matias-Garcia B., Quiroga-Valcarcel A., Barranquero A. G., Cerro Zaballos C., Nunez J., Ocana J., Ramos D., Acebes Garcia F., Bailon-Cuadrado M., Bueno Canones A. D., Choolani Bhojwani E., Marcos-Santos P., Miguel T., Pacheco Sanchez D., Perez-Saborido B., Sanchez Gonzalez J., Tejero-Pintor F. J., Alconchel F., Conesa A., Gil Martinez J., Gutierrez Fernandez A. I., Lopez Abad A., Nicolas-Lopez T., Ramirez Romero P., Roca Calvo M. J., Rodrigues K., Ruiz Manzanera J. J., Soriano A. I., Cano A., Capitan-Morales L., Cintas Catena J., Gomez-Rosado J., Oliva Mompean F., Perez Sanchez M. A., Rio Lafuente F. D., Torres Arcos C., Valdes-Hernandez J., Cholewa H., Frasson M., Martinez Chicote C., Sancho-Muriel J., Estraviz B., Fernandez Gomez Cruzado L., Gonzalez de Miguel M., Landaluce-olavarria A., Abad-Gurumeta A., Abad-Motos A., Martinez-Hurtado E., Ripolles-Melchor J., Ruiz-Escobar A., Cuadrado-Garcia A., Garcia-Sancho Tellez L., Heras Aznar J., Mate Mate P., Ortega Vazquez I., Picardo A. L., Rojo Lopez J. A., Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera F., Serralta de Colsa D., Cagigas Fernandez C., Caina Ruiz R., Gomez Ruiz M., Martinez-Perez P., Santarrufina Martinez S., Valbuena Jabares V., Cagigal Ortega E. P., Cervera I., Diaz Pena P., Gonzalez J., Marqueta De Salas M., Perez Gonzalez M., Ramos Bonilla A., Rodriguez Gomez L., Alfonso Garcia M., Craus-Miguel A., Fernandez Vega L., Ferrer-Inaebnit E., Gil Catalan A., Gonzalez Argente F. X., Jeri S., Oseira A., Pujol Cano N., Soldevila Verdeguer C., Villalonga B., Espin-Basany E., Srishankar S., Thalgaspitiya S. P. B., Arulanantham A., Bandara G. B. K. D., Jayarajah U., Ravindrakumar S., Rodrigo V. S. D., Ali karar A. A., Elhafiz M. H. Y., Adam Essa Adam M. E., Saleh M., Arkani S., Freedman J., Angenete E., Park J., Alga A., Heinius G., Nordberg M., Pieniowski E., Lofgren N., Arigoni M., Bernasconi M., Christoforidis D., Di Giuseppe M., La Regina D., Mongelli F., Chevallay M., Dwidar O., Gialamas E., Sauvain M., Crugnale A. S., Guglielmetti L., Peros G., Gass M., Metzger J., Scheiwiller A., Turina M., Al Asadi T., Alkhateb S., Altom R., Bakkar B., Maa Albared S., Melhem S., Hammed A., Hammed S., Kacem M. J., Maghrebi H., Sebai A., Aghayeva A., Hamzaoglu I., Sahin I., Akaydin E., Aliyeva Z., Aytac E., Baca B., Ozben V., Ozmen B. B., Arikan A. E., Bilgin I. A., Kara H., Karahasanoglu T., Uras C., Akbas A., Altinel Y., Calikoglu F., Ercan G., Ercetin C., Hacim N. A., Meric S., Tokocin M., Vartanoglu T., Yigitbas H., Dogangun M., Iflazoglu N., Yalkin O., Cennet O., Dincer H. A., Erol T., Alhamed A., Ergun S., Ozcelik M. F., Sanli A. N., Uludag S. S., Velidedeoglu M., Zengin A. K., Kara Y., Bozkurt M. A., Kocatas A., Eyuboglu K., Guner A., Usta M. A., Azamat I. F., Balik E., Bugra D., Kulle C. B., Guler S. A., Guresin A., Tatar O. C., Utkan N. Z., Yildirim A., Yuksel E., Abbasov A., Yanar H., Akin E., Altintoprak F., Cakmak G., Celebi F., Demir H., Dikicier E., Firat N., Gonullu E., Kamburoglu M. B., Kucuk I. F., Mantoglu B., Colak E., Kucuk G. O., Uyanik M. S., Goksoy B., Bozkurt E., Capkinoglu E., Guven O., Mihmanli M., Omeroglu S., Tanal M., Yetkin G., Akalin M., Arican C., Avci E. K., Aydin C., Demirli Atici S., Emiroglu M., Kaya T., Kebabci E., Kilinc Tuncer G., Kirmizi Y., Ogucu H., Salimoglu S., Sert I., Tugmen C., Tuncer K., Uslu G., Yesilyurt D., Yildiz A., Gultekin F. A., Lule H., Oguttu B., Agilinko J., Ahmeidat A., Bekheit M., Cheung L. K., Kamera B. S., Mignot G., Shaikh S., Sharma P., Al-Mohammad A., Ali S., Ashcroft J., Baker O., Coughlin P., Davies R. J., Kyriacou H., Mitrofan C., Morris A., Raby-Smith W., Rooney S. M., Singh A. A., Tan X. S., Townson A., Tweedle E., Kattakayam A., Lunevicius R., Sheel A., Sud A., Sundhu M., Angelou D., Choynowski M., McAree B., McCanny A., Neely D., Kamel F., Kumar L., Madani R., Nisar P., Creanga M., Elniel M., Law J., Mosley F., Arrowsmith L., Campbell W., Grove T., Kontovounisios C., Warren O., Doulias T., Li M., Martin E., Rodwell H., Clifford R., Eardley N., Krishnan E., Manu N., Roy Mahapatra S., Serevina O. L., Smith C., Emslie K., Labib P. L., Minto G., Natale J., Panahi P., Rogers L. J., Abubakar A., Akhter Rahman M. M., O'Brien H., Sasapu K., Ng H. J., Day A., Hunt A., Laskar N., Gupta A., Steinke J., Thrumurthy S., Massie E., McGivern K., Rutherford D., Wilson M., Bacarese-Hamilton T., Ip M., James A., Salerno G., Stockdale T., Handa S., Kaushal M., Kler A., Patel P., Redfern J., Tezas S., Aawsaj Y., Barry C., Blackwell L., Emerson H., Fisher A., Katory M., Mustafa A., Kretzmer L., Lalou L., Manku B., Parwaiz I., Stafford J., Abdelkarim M., Asqalan A., Gala T., Ibrahim S., Maw A., Mithany R., Morgan R., Sundaram Venkatesan G., Banfield D., Boal M., Brown O., Dean H., Boulton A. J., Hardie C. M., McNaught C., Karandikar S., Naumann D., Chen F., Cheung J., Ayorinde J., Chase T., Cuming T., Ghanbari A., Humphreys L., Tayeh S., Aboelkassem Ibrahim A., Evans C., Ikram H., Loubani M., Nazir S., Robinson A., Sehgal T., Dixon J., Jha M., Thulasiraman S. V., Viswanath Y., Curl-Roper T., Delimpalta C., Liao C. C. L., Velchuru V., Westwood E., Bond-Smith G., Mastoridis S., Tebala G. D., Verberne C., Anscomb N., Baldwin-Smith R., Davies M., Grainger C., Haji A., Haq A., Nunoo-Mensah J. W., Rizk M., Bhatti M. I., Boyd-Carson H., Elsey E., Gemmill E., Herrod P., MohammedJibreel M., Lenzi E., Saafan T., Sapre D., Sian T., Watson N., Athanasiou A., Costigan F., Elkadi H., Johnstone J., Nahm C., Annamalai S., Ashmore C., Kourdouli A., Chean C. S., Dharamavaram S., Kulkarni N., Pereira I., Shanthakunalan K., Srikumar B., Askari A., Cirocchi N., Kudchadkar S., Patel K., Sagar J., Talwar R., Abdalla M., Ismail O., Newton K., Stylianides N., Aderombi A., Bajomo O., Beatson K., Garrett W. V., Ng V., Al-Habsi R., Divya G. S., Dixon F., Keeler B. D., Egan R. J., Fabre I., Harries R., Li Z., Parkins K., Spencer N., Thompson D., Gemmell C., Grieco C., Hunt L., Mahmoud Ali F., Seebah K., Shaikh I., Sreedharan L., Youssef M., Shah J., Baguley M., Heer B., Rogers M., Woods R., Mills S. J., Sahnan K., Ahmed M. E., Bukhari S. I., Illingworth B., Kanthasamy S., Knights E., Ong S. L., Pujari R., Tan K. H. M., Vanker R., Michel M., Patil S., Ravindran S., Sarveswaran J., Scott L., Khan J., Cato L. D., Kamal M., Kulkarni R., Parente A., Saeed S., Vijayan D., English C., Evans J., Fell A., Merh R., Nikolaou S., Kaul S., Khan A. H., Khan F., Mukherjee S., Patel M., Sarigul M., Adiamah A., Brewer H., Chowdhury A., Humes D., Jackman J., Koh A., Lewis-Lloyd C., Oyende O., Reilly J., Worku D., Bisset C., Chadha R., Math S., Sarantitis I., Timbrell S., Vitone L., Faulkner G., Brixton G., Findlay L., Majkowska A., Manson J., Potter R., Bhalla A., Chia Z., Daliya P., Grimley E., Malcolm F. L., Theophilidou E., Daniels I. R., Fowler G. E., Massey L. H., McDermott F. D., Rajaretnam N., Angamuthu N., Chowdhury S., Gilliland J., Hart C., Knowles J., Mirnezami R., Varcada M., Beamish A. J., Magowan D., Nassa H., Price C., Smith L., Solari F., Tang A. M., Williams G., Davies E., Hawkin P., Raymond T., Ryska O., Baron R., Gahunia S., McNicol F., Russ J., Szatmary P., Thomas A., Jayasinghe J. D., Knowles C., Ledesma F. S., Minicozzi A., Navaratne L., Ramamoorthy R., Sohrabi C., Thaha M. A., Venn M., Atherton R., Brocklehurst M., McAleer J., Parkin E., Aladeojebi A., Ali M., Gaunt A., Hammer C., Stebbing J., Coomber E., Williams O., Bunni J., Fairhurst K., Mitchell S., Richards S., Hraishawi I., McIlmunn C., McIntosh S., Bhasin S., Bodla A. S., Burahee A., Crichton A., Fossett R., Yassin N., Barlow C., Ding D., Foster J., Longstaff L., Brown S. R., Lee M., Newman T., Steele C., Baker A., Konstantinou C., Ramcharan S., Wilkin R. J. W., Colvin H. V., Shakoor Z., Lyons A., Newman S., Chung E., Hagger R., Hainsworth A., Karim A., Owen H., Ramwell A., Williams K., Hall J., Harris G., Royle T., Watson L. J., Asaad P., Brown B., Duff S., Khan A., Moura F., Wadham B., Mccluney S., Parmar C., Shah S., Babar M. S., Goodrum S., Whitmore H., Balasubramaniam D., Jayasankar B., Kapoor S., Ramachandran A., Beech N., Chand M., Green L., Kiconco H., McEwen R., Pereca J., Arumugam S., Ibrahim B., Khan K., Gash K., Gourbault L., Maccabe T. A., Newton C., Baig M., Bates H., Dunne N., Khajuria A., Sarma D. R., Shortland T., Tewari N., Akhtar M. A., Brunt A., McIntyre J., Milne K., Rashid M. M., Sgro A., Stewart K. E., Turnbull A., Gossedge G., O'Donnell S., Oldfield F., Aguilar Gonzalez M., Talukder S., Eskander P., Hanna M., Olivier J., Basnyat P., Davis H., Montauban P., Shrestha A., Magee C., Powell S., Flindall I., Hanson A., Mahendran V., Green S., Lim M., MacDonald L., Miu V., Onos L., Sheridan K., Young R., Alam F., Griffiths O., Houlden C., Kolli V. S., Lala A. K., Seymour Z., Consorti E., Gonzalez R., Kwan-Feinberg R., Liu T., Cooper Z., Hirji S., Mahvi D., Okafor B., Roxo V., Salim A., Telma K., Bokenkamp M., Haynes A. B., Hill C., Leede E., McElhinney K., Olson K. A., Riley C., Bigelow B., Etchill E. W., Gabre-Kidan A., Jenny H. E., Kent A., Ladd M. R., Long C., Malapati H., Margalit A., Rapaport S., Rose J., Stevens K., Tsai L., Vervoort D., Yesantharao P., Klaristenfeld D., Huynh K. T., Kaafarani H., Naar L., Qadan M., Cha D. E., Gleeson E., Horn C., Sarpel U., Bhama A., Colling K., Najarian M., Azam M., Choudhry A., Marx W., Chokshi R., Glass N., Tsui G., Abel M. K., Boeck M., Chern H., Kornblith L. Z., Nunez-Garcia B., Ozgediz D., Sarin A., Varma M. G., Abbott D., Acher A., Aiken T., Barrett J., Foley E., Schwartz P. B., Zafar S. N., Hawkins A. T., Maiga A., Ruzgar N. M., Sion M., Ullrich S., Al-Naggar H., Al-Shehari M., Almassaudi A., Alsayadi M., Alsayadi R., and Shream S.
Abstract: Aim: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. Methods: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January–April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. Results: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90–1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69–1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease.
Published: 2022

41. Twistorial monopoles & chiral algebras

Author: Garner, Niklas, Paquette, Natalie M., Garner, Niklas, and Paquette, Natalie M.
Abstract: We initiate the study of how the insertion of magnetically charged states in 4d self-dual gauge theories impacts the 2d chiral algebras supported on the celestial sphere at asymptotic null infinity, from the point of view of the 4d/2d twistorial correspondence introduced by Costello and the second author. By reducing the 6d twistorial theory to a 3d holomorphic-topological theory with suitable boundary conditions, we can motivate certain non-perturbative enhancements of the celestial chiral algebra corresponding to extensions by modules arising from 3d boundary monopole operators. We also identify the insertion of 4d (non-abelian) monopoles with families of spectral flow automorphisms of the celestial chiral algebra., Comment: 43+1 pages; v2 added references and a discussion of modules arising from holomorphic Wilson lines; v3 minor revisions, corrected error in section 3.2.3; comments welcome!
Published: 2023

42. Burns space and holography

Author: Costello, Kevin, Paquette, Natalie M., Sharma, Atul, Costello, Kevin, Paquette, Natalie M., and Sharma, Atul
Abstract: We elaborate on various aspects of our top-down celestial holographic duality wherein the semiclassical bulk spacetime is a 4d asymptotically flat, self-dual K\"ahler geometry known as Burns space. The bulk theory includes an open string sector comprising a 4d WZW model and a closed string sector called "Mabuchi gravity" capturing fluctuations of the K\"ahler potential. Starting with the type I topological B-model on the twistor space of flat space, we obtain the twistor space of Burns space from the backreaction of a stack of $N$ coincident D1 branes, while the chiral algebra is obtained from (a twist of) the brane worldvolume theory. One striking consequence of this duality is that all loop-level scattering amplitudes of the theory on Burns space can be expressed as correlation functions of an explicit 2d chiral algebra. We also present additional large-$N$ checks, matching several 2 and 3-point amplitudes and their collinear expansions in the WZW$_4$ sector, and the mixed WZW$_4$-Mabuchi sector, of the bulk theory to the corresponding 2 and 3-point vacuum correlators and operator product expansions in the dual chiral algebra. Key features of the duality, along with our main results, are summarized in the introduction., Comment: 134 pages, v2 published version
Published: 2023

43. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author: Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y.H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T.F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D.A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., Maynard, Daniel S., Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y.H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G.P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T.F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C.A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D.A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.
Abstract: Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5–7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.
Published: 2023

44. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author: Ma, Haozhi, Crowther, Thomas W, Mo, Lidong, Maynard, Daniel S, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Zou, Yibiao, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinemets, Ülo, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H S, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y H, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G P, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J, Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Kucher, Dmitry, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V, Maitner, Brian S, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R, Martin, Emanuel H, Meave, Jorge A, Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Moreno, Vanessa S, Mukul, Sharif A, Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J, Nevenic, Radovan V, Ngugi, Michael R, Niklaus, Pascal A, Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I, Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L, Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa F, Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C A, Mendoza-Polo, Irina, Poulsen, Axel D, Poulsen, John R, Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B, Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z, Silva-Espejo, Javier E, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F, Miścicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E, Vasquez, Rodolfo M, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C, Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V, Werner, Gijsbert D A, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K, Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderick, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C, Zohner, Constantin M, Ma, Haozhi, Crowther, Thomas W, Mo, Lidong, Maynard, Daniel S, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Zou, Yibiao, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinemets, Ülo, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H S, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y H, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G P, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J, Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Kucher, Dmitry, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V, Maitner, Brian S, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R, Martin, Emanuel H, Meave, Jorge A, Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Moreno, Vanessa S, Mukul, Sharif A, Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J, Nevenic, Radovan V, Ngugi, Michael R, Niklaus, Pascal A, Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I, Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L, Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa F, Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C A, Mendoza-Polo, Irina, Poulsen, Axel D, Poulsen, John R, Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G, Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B, Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z, Silva-Espejo, Javier E, Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F, Miścicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E, Vasquez, Rodolfo M, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C, Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V, Werner, Gijsbert D A, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K, Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderick, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C, and Zohner, Constantin M
Abstract: Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
Published: 2023

45. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

Author: Mo, Lidong, Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Liang, Jingjing, de Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Renner, Susanne S., van den Hoogen, Johan, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Mirzagholi, Leila, Ma, Haozhi, Averill, Colin, Phillips, Oliver L., Gamarra, Javier G. P., Hordijk, Iris, Routh, Devin, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Kucher, Dmitry, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Mendoza-Polo, Irina, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Merow, Cory, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., Gann, George D., Crowther, Thomas W., Mo, Lidong, Zohner, Constantin M., Reich, Peter B., Liang, Jingjing, de Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Renner, Susanne S., van den Hoogen, Johan, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Mirzagholi, Leila, Ma, Haozhi, Averill, Colin, Phillips, Oliver L., Gamarra, Javier G. P., Hordijk, Iris, Routh, Devin, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Kucher, Dmitry, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Mendoza-Polo, Irina, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Merow, Cory, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schelhaas, Mart-Jan, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Van Do, Tran, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., Gann, George D., and Crowther, Thomas W.
Abstract: Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system 1 . Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests 2–5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced 6 and satellite-derived approaches 2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151–363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea 2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.
Published: 2023

46. Disentangling drivers of litter decomposition in a multi-continent network of tree diversity experiments

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Desie, Ellen, Zuo, Juan, Verheyen, Kris, Djukic, Ika, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Baum, Christel, Bruelheide, Helge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Feldhaar, Heike, Ferlian, Olga, Gravel, Dominique, Jactel, Hervé, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Meredieu, Céline, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Morillas, Lourdes, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Ponette, Quentin, Reich, Peter B., Roales, Javier, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Seitz, Steffen, Schmidt, Anja, Stefanski, Artur, Trogisch, Stefan, Halder, Inge van, Weih, Martin, Williams, Laura J., Yang, Bo, Muys, Bart, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Desie, Ellen, Zuo, Juan, Verheyen, Kris, Djukic, Ika, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Auge, Harald, Barsoum, Nadia, Baum, Christel, Bruelheide, Helge, Eisenhauer, Nico, Feldhaar, Heike, Ferlian, Olga, Gravel, Dominique, Jactel, Hervé, Schmidt, Inger Kappel, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Meredieu, Céline, Mereu, Simone, Messier, Christian, Morillas, Lourdes, Nock, Charles, Paquette, Alain, Ponette, Quentin, Reich, Peter B., Roales, Javier, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Seitz, Steffen, Schmidt, Anja, Stefanski, Artur, Trogisch, Stefan, Halder, Inge van, Weih, Martin, Williams, Laura J., Yang, Bo, and Muys, Bart
Abstract: Litter decomposition is a key ecosystem function in forests and varies in response to a range of climatic, edaphic, and local stand characteristics. Disentangling the relative contribution of these factors is challenging, especially along large environmental gradients. In particular, knowledge of the effect of management options, such as tree planting density and species composition, on litter decomposition would be highly valuable in forestry. In this study, we made use of 15 tree diversity experiments spread over eight countries and three continents within the global TreeDivNet network. We evaluated the effects of overstory composition (tree identity, species/mixture composition and species richness), plantation conditions (density and age), and climate (temperature and precipitation) on mass loss (after 3 months and 1 year) of two standardized litters: high-quality green tea and low-quality rooibos tea. Across continents, we found that early-stage decomposition of the low-quality rooibos tea was influenced locally by overstory tree identity. Mass loss of rooibos litter was higher under young gymnosperm overstories compared to angiosperm overstories, but this trend reversed with age of the experiment. Tree species richness did not influence decomposition and explained almost no variation in our multi-continent dataset. Hence, in the young plantations of our study, overstory composition effects on decomposition were mainly driven by tree species identity on decomposer communities and forest microclimates. After 12 months of incubation, mass loss of the high-quality green tea litter was mainly influenced by temperature whereas the low-quality rooibos tea litter decomposition showed stronger relationships with overstory composition and stand age. Our findings highlight that decomposition dynamics are not only affected by climate but also by management options, via litter quality of the identity of planted trees but also by overstory composition and structure.
Published: 2023

47. Thermochronology and U‐Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Demerara Plateau (French Guiana‐Suriname ): implications for the provenance of the Early Cretaceous syn‐rift sedimentation

Author: Girault, Igor, Basile, Christophe, Bernet, Matthias, Paquette, Jean‐louis, Heuret, Arnauld, Loncke, Lies, Poetisi, Ewald, Balvay, Mélanie, Girault, Igor, Basile, Christophe, Bernet, Matthias, Paquette, Jean‐louis, Heuret, Arnauld, Loncke, Lies, Poetisi, Ewald, and Balvay, Mélanie
Abstract: he provenance of Early Cretaceous sandstones dredged on the northern margin of the Demerara Plateau, offshore French Guiana and Suriname, reveals the sediment routing system that prevailed through the Equatorial Atlantic rifting. Fission-track analysis and U-Pb dating of 310 and 111 detrital zircons, respectively, have been performed. Microfacies analysis and inherited cooling ages suggest that the sandstones were deposited in shallow marine environments during the Early Cretaceous, before the Late Albian drowning of the marginal plateau. Most of the U-Pb zircon crystallisation ages are comprised between 700 and 600 Ma and attributed to the Pan-African-Brasiliano orogeny. Statistical and chronological evidences suggest that the zircon fission-track cooling ages were inherited from source material. Triassic peak ages (>50% of the population) are attributed to the early phase of Central Atlantic rifting. One sample records a cooling phase at ca. 170 Ma, presumably following volcanic hotspot activity and the opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean. Two other samples record the rapid exhumation of the French Guiana transform margin during the Equatorial Atlantic rifting (127 ± 11 and 106 ± 8 Ma). We propose a source-to-sink model in which the Pan-African-Brasiliano basement of the margin was eroded as a result of flexural uplift along the French Guiana margin, and the detrital material funnelled in the Cacipore graben sustained the Early Cretaceous syn-rift sedimentation on the marginal plateau.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. The Influence of Accent Distance on Perceptual Adaptation in Toddlers and Adults

Author: Cooper, Angela, Cooper, Angela, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Bordignon, Caterina, Johnson, Elizabeth K, Cooper, Angela, Cooper, Angela, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Bordignon, Caterina, and Johnson, Elizabeth K
Published: 2023

49. The Benefits of Participating in a Learning Assistant Program on the Metacognitive Awareness and Motivation of Learning Assistants.

Author: Breland, Haley, Knight, Jennifer1, Breland, Haley, Clark, Courtney M, Shaked, Shanna, Paquette-Smith, Melissa, Breland, Haley, Knight, Jennifer1, Breland, Haley, Clark, Courtney M, Shaked, Shanna, and Paquette-Smith, Melissa
Abstract: Learning assistant (LA) programs train undergraduate students to foster peer discussion and facilitate active-learning activities in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classes. Students who take courses that are supported by LAs demonstrate better conceptual understanding, lower failure rates, and higher satisfaction with the course. There is less work, however, on the impact that participating in LA programs has on the LAs themselves. The current study implements a pretest-posttest design to assess changes in LAs' metacognition and motivation to succeed in STEM across their first and second quarters as an LA. Our findings suggest that participating in this program may help LAs become more reflective learners, as was demonstrated by an increase in their scores on the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) after the first quarter. LAs also showed increases on the Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Efficacy subscales of the Science Motivation Questionnaire. Students who participated in the program for an additional quarter continued to show increases in their MAI scores and maintained the gains that were observed in their motivation. Taken together, this work suggests that, in addition to benefiting the learner, LA programs may have positive impacts on the LAs themselves.
Published: 2023

50. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author: Ma, H., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Maynard, D., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Mendoza-Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miścicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., Zohner, C., Ma, H., Crowther, T., Mo, L., Maynard, D., Renner, S., van den Hoogen, J., Zou, Y., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G.-J., Reich, P., Niinemets, Ü., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A., Alvarado, B., Alvarez-Dávila, E., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Avitabile, V., Aymard, G., Baker, T., Bałazy, R., Banki, O., Barroso, J., Bastian, M., Bastin, J.-F., Birigazzi, L., Birnbaum, P., Bitariho, R., Boeckx, P., Bongers, F., Bouriaud, O., Brancalion, P., Brandl, S., Brearley, F., Brienen, R., Broadbent, E., Bruelheide, H., Bussotti, F., Cazzolla Gatti, R., César, R., Cesljar, G., Chazdon, R., Chen, H., Chisholm, C., Cho, H., Cienciala, E., Clark, C., Clark, D., Colletta, G., Coomes, D., Valverde, F., Corral-Rivas, J., Crim, P., Cumming, J., Dayanandan, S., de Gasper, A., Decuyper, M., Derroire, G., DeVries, B., Djordjevic, I., Dolezal, J., Dourdain, A., Engone Obiang, N., Enquist, B., Eyre, T., Fandohan, A., Fayle, T., Feldpausch, T., Ferreira, L., Finér, L., Fischer, M., Fletcher, C., Fridman, J., Frizzera, L., Gamarra, J., Gianelle, D., Glick, H., Harris, D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Hengeveld, G., Hérault, B., Herbohn, J., Herold, M., Hillers, A., Honorio Coronado, E., Hui, C., Ibanez, T., Amaral, I., Imai, N., Jagodziński, A., Jaroszewicz, B., Johannsen, V., Joly, C., Jucker, T., Jung, I., Karminov, V., Kartawinata, K., Kearsley, E., Kenfack, D., Kennard, D., Kepfer-Rojas, S., Keppel, G., Khan, M., Killeen, T., Kim, H., Kitayama, K., Köhl, M., Korjus, H., Kraxner, F., Kucher, D., Laarmann, D., Lang, M., Lewis, S., Lu, H., Lukina, N., Maitner, B., Malhi, Y., Marcon, E., Marimon, B., Marimon-Junior, B., Marshall, A., Martin, E., Meave, J., Melo-Cruz, O., Mendoza, C., Merow, C., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Moreno, V., Mukul, S., Mundhenk, P., Nava-Miranda, M., Neill, D., Neldner, V., Nevenic, R., Ngugi, M., Niklaus, P., Oleksyn, J., Ontikov, P., Ortiz-Malavasi, E., Pan, Y., Paquette, A., Parada-Gutierrez, A., Parfenova, E., Park, M., Parren, M., Parthasarathy, N., Peri, P., Pfautsch, S., Phillips, O., Picard, N., Piedade, M., Piotto, D., Pitman, N., Mendoza-Polo, I., Poulsen, A., Poulsen, J., Pretzsch, H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Restrepo-Correa, Z., Rodeghiero, M., Rolim, S., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rutishauser, E., Saikia, P., Salas-Eljatib, C., Saner, P., Schall, P., Schelhaas, M.-J., Shchepashchenko, D., Scherer-Lorenzen, M., Schmid, B., Schöngart, J., Searle, E., Seben, V., Serra-Diaz, J., Sheil, D., Shvidenko, A., Silva-Espejo, J., Silveira, M., Singh, J., Sist, P., Slik, F., Sonké, B., Souza, A., Miścicki, S., Stereńczak, K., Svenning, J.-C., Svoboda, M., Swanepoel, B., Targhetta, N., Tchebakova, N., ter Steege, H., Thomas, R., Tikhonova, E., Umunay, P., Usoltsev, V., Valencia, R., Valladares, F., van der Plas, F., Van Do, T., van Nuland, M., Vasquez, R., Verbeeck, H., Viana, H., Vibrans, A., Vieira, S., von Gadow, K., Wang, H.-F., Watson, J., Werner, G., Westerlund, B., Wiser, S., Wittmann, F., Woell, H., Wortel, V., Zagt, R., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, T., Zhang, C., Zhao, X., Zhou, M., Zhu, Z.-X., Zo-Bi, I., and Zohner, C.
Abstract: Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Publication Type

Journal

Database

Publisher

1,422 results on '"Paquette A"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources