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Systolic array has emerged as a prominent architecture for Deep Neural Network (DNN) hardware accelerators, providing high-throughput and low-latency performance essential for deploying DNNs across diverse applications. However, when used in safety-critical applications, reliability assessment is mandatory to guarantee the correct behavior of DNN accelerators. While fault injection stands out as a well-established practical and robust method for reliability assessment, it is still a very time-consuming process. This paper addresses the time efficiency issue by introducing a novel hierarchical software-based hardware-aware fault injection strategy tailored for systolic array-based DNN accelerators.

Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects forest dynamics, carbon stocks and biodiversity, and numerous assessments of N fluxes and impacts exist in temperate latitudes. In tropical latitudes, however, there are few such assessments. In this study, we measured the inorganic N concentration (wet deposition) deposited in rainfall and rainfall pH throughout one year at the boundary of a forest reserve in Malaysian Borneo. We considered that the N deposition may be either from forest and agricultural fires or derived from agricultural fertiliser. Therefore, we determined the wind trajectories using the HYSPLIT model provided by NOAA, the location of fires throughout the landscape throughout one year using NASA's FIRM system, and obtained the land use cover map of Malaysia and Indonesia. We then correlated our monthly cumulative wet N deposition with the cumulative number of fires and the cumulative area of oil palm plantation that wind trajectories arriving at our study site passed over before reaching the rainfall sampling site. At 7.45 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), our study site had the highest annual wet inorganic N deposition recorded for a Malaysian forest environment. The fire season and the cumulative agricultural area crossed by the winds had no significant effect on N deposition, rainfall N concentration, or rainfall pH. We suggest that future research should use N-15 isotopes in rainfall to provide further information on the sources of N deposition in tropical forests such as this.

Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects forest dynamics, carbon stocks and biodiversity, and numerous assessments of N fluxes and impacts exist in temperate latitudes. In tropical latitudes, however, there are few such assessments. In this study, we measured the inorganic N concentration (wet deposition) deposited in rainfall and rainfall pH throughout one year at the boundary of a forest reserve in Malaysian Borneo. We considered that the N deposition may be either from forest and agricultural fires or derived from agricultural fertiliser. Therefore, we determined the wind trajectories using the HYSPLIT model provided by NOAA, the location of fires throughout the landscape throughout one year using NASA’s FIRM system, and obtained the land use cover map of Malaysia and Indonesia. We then correlated our monthly cumulative wet N deposition with the cumulative number of fires and the cumulative area of oil palm plantation that wind trajectories arriving at our study site passed over before reaching the rainfall sampling site. At 7.45 kg N ha−1 year−1, our study site had the highest annual wet inorganic N deposition recorded for a Malaysian forest environment. The fire season and the cumulative agricultural area crossed by the winds had no significant effect on N deposition, rainfall N concentration, or rainfall pH. We suggest that future research should use 15N isotopes in rainfall to provide further information on the sources of N deposition in tropical forests such as this.

Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects forest dynamics, carbon stocks and biodiversity, and numerous assessments of N fluxes and impacts exist in temperate latitudes. In tropical latitudes, however, there are few such assessments. In this study, we measured the inorganic N concentration (wet deposition) deposited in rainfall and rainfall pH throughout one year at the boundary of a forest reserve in Malaysian Borneo. We considered that the N deposition may be either from forest and agricultural fires or derived from agricultural fertiliser. Therefore, we determined the wind trajectories using the HYSPLIT model provided by NOAA, the location of fires throughout the landscape throughout one year using NASA's FIRM system, and obtained the land use cover map of Malaysia and Indonesia. We then correlated our monthly cumulative wet N deposition with the cumulative number of fires and the cumulative area of oil palm plantation that wind trajectories arriving at our study site passed over before reaching the rainfall sampling site. At 7.45 kg N ha(-1) year(-1), our study site had the highest annual wet inorganic N deposition recorded for a Malaysian forest environment. The fire season and the cumulative agricultural area crossed by the winds had no significant effect on N deposition, rainfall N concentration, or rainfall pH. We suggest that future research should use N-15 isotopes in rainfall to provide further information on the sources of N deposition in tropical forests such as this.

Nitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects forest dynamics, carbon stocks and biodiversity, and numerous assessments of N fluxes and impacts exist in temperate latitudes. In tropical latitudes, however, there are few such assessments. In this study, we measured the inorganic N concentration (wet deposition) deposited in rainfall and rainfall pH throughout one year at the boundary of a forest reserve in Malaysian Borneo. We considered that the N deposition may be either from forest and agricultural fires or derived from agricultural fertiliser. Therefore, we determined the wind trajectories using the HYSPLIT model provided by NOAA, the location of fires throughout the landscape throughout one year using NASA’s FIRM system, and obtained the land use cover map of Malaysia and Indonesia. We then correlated our monthly cumulative wet N deposition with the cumulative number of fires and the cumulative area of oil palm plantation that wind trajectories arriving at our study site passed over before reaching the rainfall sampling site. At 7.45 kg N ha−1 year−1, our study site had the highest annual wet inorganic N deposition recorded for a Malaysian forest environment. The fire season and the cumulative agricultural area crossed by the winds had no significant effect on N deposition, rainfall N concentration, or rainfall pH. We suggest that future research should use 15N isotopes in rainfall to provide further information on the sources of N deposition in tropical forests such as this.

This work intends to lay the foundations for identifying the prevailing forest types and the delineation of forest units within private forest inventories in the Autonomous Province of Trento (PAT), using currently available remote sensing solutions. In particular, data from LiDAR and hyperspectral surveys of 2014 made available by PAT were acquired and processed. Such studies are very important in the context of forest management scenarios. The method includes defining tree species ground-truth by outlining single tree crowns with polygons and labeling them. Successively two supervised machine learning classifiers, K-Nearest Neighborhood and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used. The results show that, by setting specific hyperparameters, the SVM methodology gave the best results in classification of tree species. Biomass was estimated using canopy parameters and the Jucker equation for the above ground biomass (AGB) and that of Scrinzi for the tariff volume. Predicted values were compared with 11 field plots of fixed radius where volume and biomass were field-estimated in 2017. Results show significant coefficients of correlation: 0.94 for stem volume and 0.90 for total aboveground tree biomass.

Study region: The study region is represented by seven irrigation districts distributed under different climate and topography conditions in Italy. Study focus: This study explores the reliability and consistency of the global ERA5 single levels and ERA5-Land reanalysis datasets in predicting the main agrometeorological estimates commonly used for crop water requirements calculation. In particular, the reanalysis data was compared, variable-by-variable (e.g., solar radiation, R; air temperature, T; relative humidity, RH; wind speed, u; reference evapotranspiration, ET), with in situ agrometeorological observations obtained from 66 automatic weather stations (2008–2020). In addition, the presence of a climate-dependency on their accuracy was assessed at the different irrigation districts. New hydrological insights for the region: A general good agreement was obtained between observed and reanalysis agrometeorological variables at both daily and seasonal scales. The best performance was obtained for T, followed by RH, R, and u for both reanalysis datasets, especially under temperate climate conditions. These performances were translated into slightly higher accuracy of ET estimates by ERA5-Land product, confirming the potential of using reanalysis datasets as an alternative data source for retrieving the ET and overcoming the unavailability of observed agrometeorological data.

Precipitation data availability plays a crucial role in many climatic, hydrological and agricultural-related applications. In this study, the use of alternative data sources (i.e. interpolation methods and ERA5-Land reanalysis data) was combined for improving the spatially distributed precipitation estimates at the Simeto river basin, located in Eastern Sicily (Italy). A total of 51 rain gauges were used to generate a monthly precipitation dataset for the reference period 2002–2019. Among the 6 tested interpolation methods, Natural Neighbour was the method that predicted precipitation the best at monthly level with a Distance between Indices of Simulation and Observation (DISO) of 0.51. Radial Basis Functions and Inverse Distance Weighting provided the highest precipitation accuracies, respectively, for winter and autumn (with DISO values of 0.44 and 0.50, respectively), and for spring and summer seasons (with DISO values of 0.50 and 0.63, respectively). Underestimations on the ERA5-Land precipitation estimates were observed when compared to the most accurate interpolation methods both at monthly (25%) and seasonal temporal scales (21% in winter and summer, 36% in autumn), with the exception for spring. The performance was significantly improved when the interpolation estimates were corrected with local observations (with RMSD values ranging from 35.29 mm to 26.46 mm at monthly scale, and from 23.33–55.34 mm to 23.15–37.88 mm at seasonal level). The spatial distribution of the estimation errors associated to precipitation obtained from ERA5-Land reanalysis revealed a significant positive correlation (p value <0.05) with the altitude variation in each ERA5-Land cell within the basin under study. These results confirm the good performance on the combined use of alternative precipitation data sources, while adjustments are required to reduce site-specific uncertainties due to local microclimatic conditions occurring at the basin scale.

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo el uso de las herramientas de simulación para evaluar las posibles estrategias de mecanizado en el caso de operaciones de mecanizado de superficies. Dichas simulaciones deberán compararse con una serie de experimentos en una o varias máquinas herramienta para poder validar un modelo cuyo objetivo será minimizar tiempos, coste e impacto ambiental de estas operaciones en el marco de la Fabricación sostenible. Para ello se contará con el conocimiento y experiencia en los procesos de mecanizado, con los recursos de máquina herramienta y se dispondrá de varias herramientas simulación de mecanizado entre las que se prestará especial interés en la herramienta CATIAv6. Como resultado final se generará una guía para el mecanizado de superficies que permita obtener las estrategias más óptimas en función de requerimientos de diseño como tolerancias o acabados superficiales., This Master Thesis focuses on the study of machining and its general principles to then analyze the field of machining of complex surfaces where numerical control machineries of 3 or more axes work modeling pieces maybe very complex without interference and giving as result in a surface finish that cannot be achieved with other forming processes. The objective of this master's work is to create a machine code as tight as possible that allows the processing of parts with the least wear of material, time and manufacturing cost. To achieve this, the simulation software tools used in the market today will be used to evaluate the possible strategies in the case of complex surface machining operations. Said simulations should be compared with a series of experiments on one or several Mitsubishi brand machine tools in order to validate a model whose objective will be to minimize the time, cost and environmental impact of these operations within the framework of Sustainable Manufacturing. To do this, we will have theoretical knowledge and experience in the machining processes, with the resources of machine tools and several machining simulation tools will be available, among them special interest will be given to the Fusion 360 tool with which it will be created the definitive machine code. As a final result, a guide for the machining of surfaces will be generated to obtain the best strategies according to design requirements such as tolerances or surface finishes.

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo el uso de las herramientas de simulación para evaluar las posibles estrategias de mecanizado en el caso de operaciones de mecanizado de superficies. Dichas simulaciones deberán compararse con una serie de experimentos en una o varias máquinas herramienta para poder validar un modelo cuyo objetivo será minimizar tiempos, coste e impacto ambiental de estas operaciones en el marco de la Fabricación sostenible. Para ello se contará con el conocimiento y experiencia en los procesos de mecanizado, con los recursos de máquina herramienta y se dispondrá de varias herramientas simulación de mecanizado entre las que se prestará especial interés en la herramienta CATIAv6. Como resultado final se generará una guía para el mecanizado de superficies que permita obtener las estrategias más óptimas en función de requerimientos de diseño como tolerancias o acabados superficiales., This Master Thesis focuses on the study of machining and its general principles to then analyze the field of machining of complex surfaces where numerical control machineries of 3 or more axes work modeling pieces maybe very complex without interference and giving as result in a surface finish that cannot be achieved with other forming processes. The objective of this master's work is to create a machine code as tight as possible that allows the processing of parts with the least wear of material, time and manufacturing cost. To achieve this, the simulation software tools used in the market today will be used to evaluate the possible strategies in the case of complex surface machining operations. Said simulations should be compared with a series of experiments on one or several Mitsubishi brand machine tools in order to validate a model whose objective will be to minimize the time, cost and environmental impact of these operations within the framework of Sustainable Manufacturing. To do this, we will have theoretical knowledge and experience in the machining processes, with the resources of machine tools and several machining simulation tools will be available, among them special interest will be given to the Fusion 360 tool with which it will be created the definitive machine code. As a final result, a guide for the machining of surfaces will be generated to obtain the best strategies according to design requirements such as tolerances or surface finishes.

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo el uso de las herramientas de simulación para evaluar las posibles estrategias de mecanizado en el caso de operaciones de mecanizado de superficies. Dichas simulaciones deberán compararse con una serie de experimentos en una o varias máquinas herramienta para poder validar un modelo cuyo objetivo será minimizar tiempos, coste e impacto ambiental de estas operaciones en el marco de la Fabricación sostenible. Para ello se contará con el conocimiento y experiencia en los procesos de mecanizado, con los recursos de máquina herramienta y se dispondrá de varias herramientas simulación de mecanizado entre las que se prestará especial interés en la herramienta CATIAv6. Como resultado final se generará una guía para el mecanizado de superficies que permita obtener las estrategias más óptimas en función de requerimientos de diseño como tolerancias o acabados superficiales., This Master Thesis focuses on the study of machining and its general principles to then analyze the field of machining of complex surfaces where numerical control machineries of 3 or more axes work modeling pieces maybe very complex without interference and giving as result in a surface finish that cannot be achieved with other forming processes. The objective of this master's work is to create a machine code as tight as possible that allows the processing of parts with the least wear of material, time and manufacturing cost. To achieve this, the simulation software tools used in the market today will be used to evaluate the possible strategies in the case of complex surface machining operations. Said simulations should be compared with a series of experiments on one or several Mitsubishi brand machine tools in order to validate a model whose objective will be to minimize the time, cost and environmental impact of these operations within the framework of Sustainable Manufacturing. To do this, we will have theoretical knowledge and experience in the machining processes, with the resources of machine tools and several machining simulation tools will be available, among them special interest will be given to the Fusion 360 tool with which it will be created the definitive machine code. As a final result, a guide for the machining of surfaces will be generated to obtain the best strategies according to design requirements such as tolerances or surface finishes.

Este Trabajo Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo el uso de las herramientas de simulación para evaluar las posibles estrategias de mecanizado en el caso de operaciones de mecanizado de superficies. Dichas simulaciones deberán compararse con una serie de experimentos en una o varias máquinas herramienta para poder validar un modelo cuyo objetivo será minimizar tiempos, coste e impacto ambiental de estas operaciones en el marco de la Fabricación sostenible. Para ello se contará con el conocimiento y experiencia en los procesos de mecanizado, con los recursos de máquina herramienta y se dispondrá de varias herramientas simulación de mecanizado entre las que se prestará especial interés en la herramienta CATIAv6. Como resultado final se generará una guía para el mecanizado de superficies que permita obtener las estrategias más óptimas en función de requerimientos de diseño como tolerancias o acabados superficiales., This Master Thesis focuses on the study of machining and its general principles to then analyze the field of machining of complex surfaces where numerical control machineries of 3 or more axes work modeling pieces maybe very complex without interference and giving as result in a surface finish that cannot be achieved with other forming processes. The objective of this master's work is to create a machine code as tight as possible that allows the processing of parts with the least wear of material, time and manufacturing cost. To achieve this, the simulation software tools used in the market today will be used to evaluate the possible strategies in the case of complex surface machining operations. Said simulations should be compared with a series of experiments on one or several Mitsubishi brand machine tools in order to validate a model whose objective will be to minimize the time, cost and environmental impact of these operations within the framework of Sustainable Manufacturing. To do this, we will have theoretical knowledge and experience in the machining processes, with the resources of machine tools and several machining simulation tools will be available, among them special interest will be given to the Fusion 360 tool with which it will be created the definitive machine code. As a final result, a guide for the machining of surfaces will be generated to obtain the best strategies according to design requirements such as tolerances or surface finishes.

The Suppression Mental Questionnaire System (mobile App, Web-Services, Cloud...) acts as a bridge among dynamic psychology, the cognitive studies, and modern information and telecommunication technologies (ICT). The adoption of digital tools speeds clinical investigations on defense mechanisms and makes clinical trials easier by reducing needed effort for manual scoring. It also enables faster and deeper research practices, also more appropriate to the times by enabling the real-time transfer of the results to digital archives for statistical and psychometrical purposes. Reliability of the scale was evaluated by using Cronbach's alpha; this numerical coefficient of reliability was calculated for the three factors and for the two psychodiagnostic tools. The digital tool melts together scalability and availability provided by the mobile application, power and flexibility provided by Web 2.0 portal. The statistical analysis show a good reliability of the scale and of different factors. Differences related to the factors are considered possible on the basis of the current literature. Mobile Operating Systems, Internet, Web 2.0, and the considerable computing capabilities provided by Clouds are powerful combinations of tools able to provide real-time Open Data/Results to scientists and users, and to spread up the use of the questionnaire all over the world.

Relationships between Ecosystem Services and agrosystems are extremely important both to understand the bidirectional flow of services from/to agriculture and to quantify goods and benefits for human societies. Wetland systems nowadays represent an important cornerstone for beneficial Ecosystem Services, especially in intensive agricultural landscapes characterized by shallow water and a dense minor channel network like the territory of the Venice Lagoon drainage system. Wetlands provide a crucial suite of regulating, supporting, provisioning and cultural services to regulate water flows and nutrient cycling, remove and detoxify excess fertilizers and pesticides, sequester carbon, enhance biodiversity and provide cultural benefits to local communities. By three experimental study cases this research present results about the assessment of the water purification service provided by wetlands in mitigating agricultural contamination; moreover, estimation of a provisioning service such as bioenergy derived from wetland vegetation was performed. In the study case “a constructed wetland for water purification services from pesticide in an intensive cropping system” results show that the system can reduce runoff concentration of metolachlor and terbuthylazine by a factor of 45-80 even in extreme flooding conditions. Herbicides retention in the constructed wetland was reversible, and the second and third floods mobilized 14-31% and 3.5-7.0% respectively, of the amount detected in the first flood. In the second experimentation “vegetated ditches as water purification systems to mitigate contamination from pesticides runoff” results show that the ditch can immediately reduce runoff concentration of herbicides by at least 50% even in extreme flooding conditions; as a general rule, a runoff of 1 mm from 5 ha is mitigated by 99% in 100 m of vegetated ditch. In the study case “Assessing phytoremediation performance of an integrated agricultural wetland” results show that median c

Splenic hamartoma (or splenoma) is a rare, benign, vascular tumor, often incidentally found at imaging, surgery or autopsy. Albeit usually asymptomatic and rare in children, when it occurs in the pediatric population it is more commonly symptomatic. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with iron-deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia, who had a large (10 x 8 x 7 cm) splenic lesion with calcifications, incidentally found during follow-up for splenomegaly and histologically characterized as hamartoma with calcified areas. The association of hamartoma and hematological disorders is a very unusual condition in children.

Splenic hamartoma (or splenoma) is a rare, benign, vascular tumor, often incidentally found at imaging, surgery or autopsy. Albeit usually asymptomatic and rare in children, when it occurs in the pediatric population it is more commonly symptomatic. We report a case of a 15-year-old girl with iron-deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia, who had a large (10 x 8 x 7 cm) splenic lesion with calcifications, incidentally found during follow-up for splenomegaly and histologically characterized as hamartoma with calcified areas. The association of hamartoma and hematological disorders is a very unusual condition in children.

IL presente lavoro di ricerca ha avuto come obiettivo quello di migliorare le caratteristiche di resistenza al fuoco del polipropilene tramite l’uso di ritardanti di fiamma commerciali e sepiolite, tal quale oppure organicamente modificata. Inoltre sono state analizzate le proprietà meccaniche e reologiche dei compositi realizzati, per comprendere l’effetto degli additivi sulle caratteristiche della matrice.

IL presente lavoro di ricerca ha avuto come obiettivo quello di migliorare le caratteristiche di resistenza al fuoco del polipropilene tramite l’uso di ritardanti di fiamma commerciali e sepiolite, tal quale oppure organicamente modificata. Inoltre sono state analizzate le proprietà meccaniche e reologiche dei compositi realizzati, per comprendere l’effetto degli additivi sulle caratteristiche della matrice.

The western Amazon is one of the world's last high-biodiversity wilderness areas, characterized by extraordinary species richness and large tracts of roadless humid tropical forest. It is also home to an active hydrocarbon (oil and gas) sector, characterized by operations in extremely remote areas that require new access routes. Here, we present the first integrated analysis of the hydrocarbon sector and its associated road-building in the western Amazon. Specifically, we document the (a) current panorama, including location and development status of all oil and gas discoveries, of the sector, and (b) current and future scenario of access (i.e. access road versus roadless access) to discoveries. We present an updated 2014 western Amazon hydrocarbon map illustrating that oil and gas blocks now cover 733 414 km[superscript 2], an area much larger than the US state of Texas, and have been expanding since the last assessment in 2008. In terms of access, we documented 11 examples of the access road model and six examples of roadless access across the region. Finally, we documented 35 confirmed and/or suspected untapped hydrocarbon discoveries across the western Amazon. In the Discussion, we argue that if these reserves must be developed, use of the offshore inland model—a method that strategically avoids the construction of access roads—is crucial to minimizing ecological impacts in one of the most globally important conservation regions., International Conservation Fund of Canada