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Fang-fang Fan, Xiao Yu, Zi-wei Shuai, Xiao-yun Hu, Min Pang, Yi-wei Shi NHC Key Laboratory of Pneumoconiosis, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Min Pang; Yi-wei Shi, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 85, Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18734890328, Email pangmin2009@126.com; chinasyw225@163.comIntroduction: Although Legionella is not the most common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia, the epidemiological distribution of pneumonia pathogens has changed in recent years, with a gradual increase in some rare pathogens. For example, pneumonia that occurs after water source contamination is mostly caused by Legionella infection. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment process of a patient after Legionella infection, who had misdiagnosis at the beginning, rapidly progressed to severe disease and combined with fungal infection. This article focuses on the timely and effective treatment of rapidly progressing Legionella pneumonia, in anticipation of a better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Case Presentation: Here, we report a case of legionella infection with the nausea, vomiting as the first symptoms accompanied by weakness, chills, dizziness, abdominal discomfort in a 75-year-old female. The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes for 30 years, diabetic peripheral neuropathy for more than 20 years, arterial hypertension for 10 years, bone hyperplasia for more than 5 years, resection of right-sided thyroid cystadenoma in 1990. The patient had firstly been diagnosed with cholecystitis and gallbladder neck stones, diet abstinence, metronidazole, cefoperazone sulbactam, and rehydration were given. The patient responded poorly to these empiric treatments. The patient was given moxifloxacin in combin

Bleeding can be described as water coming out from fresh cement paste, which not only affects the homogeneity at fresh stage but also decides the hardened state structure. Previous studies have focused on the determination or simulation of the bleeding extent of fresh cement paste and give objective conclusions. However, there are rare researches about the influence of bleeding on the final structure of cement paste. In this study we have monitored the cement paste with various bleeding caused by water cement ratio and slag replacement. The microstructure development of cement paste from top to bottom was measured by using lowfield NMR with Hahn spin sequence from 6 h to 72 h. Results showed that within 4.4 mm bleeding thickness the bleeding will decrease the slope of the void ratio as a function of distance which suggests a homogeneous structure is formed. However, when the bleeding water thickness is higher than 4.4 mm, hydration would lead to a heterogeneous structure. Detailed discussions on the connection between the bleeding and the final structure are also presented in this paper.

Bleeding can be described as water coming out from fresh cement paste, which not only affects the homogeneity at fresh stage but also decides the hardened state structure. Previous studies have focused on the determination or simulation of the bleeding extent of fresh cement paste and give objective conclusions. However, there are rare researches about the influence of bleeding on the final structure of cement paste. In this study we have monitored the cement paste with various bleeding caused by water cement ratio and slag replacement. The microstructure development of cement paste from top to bottom was measured by using lowfield NMR with Hahn spin sequence from 6 h to 72 h. Results showed that within 4.4 mm bleeding thickness the bleeding will decrease the slope of the void ratio as a function of distance which suggests a homogeneous structure is formed. However, when the bleeding water thickness is higher than 4.4 mm, hydration would lead to a heterogeneous structure. Detailed discussions on the connection between the bleeding and the final structure are also presented in this paper.

As an internal curing material, superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can effectively reduce the risk of volume shrinkage of cement-based materials. By preparing the cement paste mixed with SAPs, the amount of pre-absorbed water and the water-cement ratio of paste on the water absorption-release behavior in the fresh cement paste were studied by using 1H low-field NMR. The results showed that when the water-cement ratio was 0.30, the SAPs without pre-absorption could absorb the mixing water from the fresh paste and stored the mixing water in the SAPs relatively stable, while the pre-absorbed SAPs released the absorbed water into the paste rapidly, and the more pre-absorbed water, the faster the water released after mixing. When the watercement ratio was increased to 0.40, the mixing water absorbed by SAPs without pre-absorption was more than that absorbed by SAPs when the water-cement ratio was 0.30, but in the system with super high water-cement ratio of 0.50, the SAPs cannot absorb mixing water from the paste after mixing.

Characteristics of fly ash(FA) blended mortars (50%, 70% and 90%) at different curing ages (28 days and 180 days) under ammonium chloride solution(ACS) leaching were investigated. Mass loss under leaching, initial CaO content, Ca(OH)2 content(CH), content of chemical bonded water, and hydration degree of blended pastes were tested by XRF and DSC-TG. Based on correlations between initial CaO content and CH content in blended pastes, correlations between mass loss under leaching and initial CaO content were analyzed, as well as effects of hydration degree of blended pastes and chemical bonded water in blended pastes. Results showed that FA blended mortars experienced a mass-loss period along with immersion in ACS, either 28-day curing regime or 180-day curing regime, and FA could minimize this mass loss obviously. Effects of hydration degree of FA blended pastes on this mass loss were feeble, but remarkable fluctuations could be made by chemical bonded water of FA blended pastes. Effect of FA against ACS leaching should be owed to its pozzolanic reaction which might neutralize attacks from ACS. However, this effect of FA against ACS leaching would weaken as long as alkaline environment increasingly extinguished. Therefore, excessive dosages of FA should be careful for structures and buildings experiencing solution leaching attacks. According to correlations with mass loss under solution leaching attacks, characteristic of initial CaO content in FA blended pastes could be regarded as one effective evaluation against solution leaching attacks.

Bleeding can be described as water coming out from fresh cement paste, which not only affects the homogeneity at fresh stage but also decides the hardened state structure. Previous studies have focused on the determination or simulation of the bleeding extent of fresh cement paste and give objective conclusions. However, there are rare researches about the influence of bleeding on the final structure of cement paste. In this study we have monitored the cement paste with various bleeding caused by water cement ratio and slag replacement. The microstructure development of cement paste from top to bottom was measured by using lowfield NMR with Hahn spin sequence from 6 h to 72 h. Results showed that within 4.4 mm bleeding thickness the bleeding will decrease the slope of the void ratio as a function of distance which suggests a homogeneous structure is formed. However, when the bleeding water thickness is higher than 4.4 mm, hydration would lead to a heterogeneous structure. Detailed discussions on the connection between the bleeding and the final structure are also presented in this paper.

Characteristics of fly ash(FA) blended mortars (50%, 70% and 90%) at different curing ages (28 days and 180 days) under ammonium chloride solution(ACS) leaching were investigated. Mass loss under leaching, initial CaO content, Ca(OH)2 content(CH), content of chemical bonded water, and hydration degree of blended pastes were tested by XRF and DSC-TG. Based on correlations between initial CaO content and CH content in blended pastes, correlations between mass loss under leaching and initial CaO content were analyzed, as well as effects of hydration degree of blended pastes and chemical bonded water in blended pastes. Results showed that FA blended mortars experienced a mass-loss period along with immersion in ACS, either 28-day curing regime or 180-day curing regime, and FA could minimize this mass loss obviously. Effects of hydration degree of FA blended pastes on this mass loss were feeble, but remarkable fluctuations could be made by chemical bonded water of FA blended pastes. Effect of FA against ACS leaching should be owed to its pozzolanic reaction which might neutralize attacks from ACS. However, this effect of FA against ACS leaching would weaken as long as alkaline environment increasingly extinguished. Therefore, excessive dosages of FA should be careful for structures and buildings experiencing solution leaching attacks. According to correlations with mass loss under solution leaching attacks, characteristic of initial CaO content in FA blended pastes could be regarded as one effective evaluation against solution leaching attacks.

As an internal curing material, superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can effectively reduce the risk of volume shrinkage of cement-based materials. By preparing the cement paste mixed with SAPs, the amount of pre-absorbed water and the water-cement ratio of paste on the water absorption-release behavior in the fresh cement paste were studied by using 1H low-field NMR. The results showed that when the water-cement ratio was 0.30, the SAPs without pre-absorption could absorb the mixing water from the fresh paste and stored the mixing water in the SAPs relatively stable, while the pre-absorbed SAPs released the absorbed water into the paste rapidly, and the more pre-absorbed water, the faster the water released after mixing. When the watercement ratio was increased to 0.40, the mixing water absorbed by SAPs without pre-absorption was more than that absorbed by SAPs when the water-cement ratio was 0.30, but in the system with super high water-cement ratio of 0.50, the SAPs cannot absorb mixing water from the paste after mixing.

Purpose/aim Culture, lifestyle and economy are the three factors that influence the purchasing intentions for luxury goods. The aim of our dissertation is investigating if the importance of the factors will be changed or not, with the changing generations in China. Design/methodology/approach In this dissertation, we use questionnaire to collect data, and then use mathematics and statistics to test our hypotheses. Findings The results show that the importance of the factors could be changed, with the changing generations in Beijing and Qingdao. In contrast, the importance of the factors could not be changed, with the changing generations in Ningbo. So, we cannot establish in China, the importance of the three factors could be changed or not, with the changing generations. Originality/value In this dissertation, our original ideas are the different generations and the factors which effective influence the Chinese consumer´s purchasing intentions of luxury goods. We collected data in different cities in China to figure out if there is any connection between the three factors and three generations. The risk of the research is the sample size, we will have errors in that respondents.

Purpose/aim Culture, lifestyle and economy are the three factors that influence the purchasing intentions for luxury goods. The aim of our dissertation is investigating if the importance of the factors will be changed or not, with the changing generations in China. Design/methodology/approach In this dissertation, we use questionnaire to collect data, and then use mathematics and statistics to test our hypotheses. Findings The results show that the importance of the factors could be changed, with the changing generations in Beijing and Qingdao. In contrast, the importance of the factors could not be changed, with the changing generations in Ningbo. So, we cannot establish in China, the importance of the three factors could be changed or not, with the changing generations. Originality/value In this dissertation, our original ideas are the different generations and the factors which effective influence the Chinese consumer´s purchasing intentions of luxury goods. We collected data in different cities in China to figure out if there is any connection between the three factors and three generations. The risk of the research is the sample size, we will have errors in that respondents.

A growing number of firms are strategically utilizing IT and the Internet to provide online services to consumers who buy their products. Online services differ from traditional services, such as maintenance services, because they often promote interactivity among the firm???s customers and exhibit positive network effects. In this paper, we model the competition between two firms that sell a differentiated product, when each firm can offer a complementary online service to its customers. We examine how the market equilibrium changes when the service exhibits network effects, and determine how firms should adjust their strategies to account for such effects. Specifically, we find that when the service exhibits network effects, a firm???s decision whether to offer the service depends on the competitor???s decision as well as on the competitor???s service quality. When the service does not exhibit network effects, this is not the case. In addition, if the service exhibits network effects the two firms may be caught in a Prisoner???s Dilemma; a situation that does not arise in the absence of network effect. We also show that technological progress that enhances the value of the network to consumers can reduce firms??? profits when both offer the service. An increase in the size of the market can also have a negative effect on profits when the service exhibits network effects, but not otherwise. Finally, unlike previous works on products with network effects, showing under-provision in the context of a monopoly, we show that both under- and over-provision of services can arise in a competitive setting.

Despite massive investments in transportation infrastructure, traffic congestion remains a major societal and public policy problem. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) have been proposed as a potential solution to this challenge, but their effectiveness has remained unclear in both research and practice. To understand whether and how ITS affect traffic congestion, we consolidate a unique longitudinal data set on road traffic and the deployment of a large federally supported ITS program in the United States-511 systems-in 99 urban areas between 1994 and 2014. The difference-in-differences estimates show that the adoption of 511 systems is associated with a significant decrease in traffic congestion, saving over $4.7 billion dollars and 175 million hours in travel time annually in U.S. cities. 511 systems also reduce about 53 million gallons of fossil fuel consumption and over 10 billion pounds of CO2 emissions. We offer two theoretical explanations for this effect: (i) ITS help individual commuters to make better travel decisions, and (ii) ITS help local governments to develop an urban traffic management capability. Empirical evidence supports the underlying theoretical mechanisms and shows that ITS help commuters to schedule travel more efficiently, choose better navigation routes, and optimize their worktrip transportation mode. Second, the effect of ITS is contingent on road supply and public transit services. We also find that the traffic-reducing effect of ITS is larger when commuters use more online services for traffic information and when state governments incorporate more functionalities into their 511 systems. This study contributes to the literature on IT capabilities, public-sector IT value, and the societal impact of IT, while also extending the transportation economics to IT-enabled traffic interventions. Finally, we inform policymakers of ITS as a cost-effective means to mitigating traffic congestion.