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The city of Bruxl is entering a period of strict quarantine: any trade of seeds is now forbidden because a mutated fungus has been detected in the city’s crops. Quarantines are so common these days that people do not offer much resistance anymore. Our story follows the travel of Rob’, a native of Bruxl who grew up and lives in Madrid. S·he is deeply concerned with what s·he sees as the beginning of a widespread privatization of seeds. S·he sets off to Bruxl in order to bring some free and reproducible seeds to counter the prohibition. The journey between the two cities is a long and exhaustive one: Rob rides per bike and embarks on ships along the remaining commercial routes of Western Europe. Along the way, the story unfolds this young idealist’s hopes of spreading his know-how about the reproduction of domesticated plants in a world where honey-bearing insects have almost disappeared. In parallel it tracks the evolution of the situation in Bruxl where the fungus invades all the monocultures, as well as the news Rob receives from per twin sister, who lives in Bruxl and is now in love with a technophile young man from the uptown neighborhoods., Online Exhibition, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Patients’ experiential knowledge is increasingly recognised as valuable for biomedical research. Its contribution can reveal unexplored aspects of their illnesses and allows research priorities to be refined according to theirs. It can also be argued that patients’ experiential knowledge can contribute to biomedical research, by extending it to the most organic aspects of diseases. A few examples of collaboration between medicine and patient associations are promising, even if there is no single, simple methodology to apply. This article provides feedback on a project involving the experiential knowledge of electrohypersensitive persons with a view to developing an experimental protocol to study their condition. It presents the participatory approach with focus groups that was implemented and reflects on ways to take advantage of experiential knowledge. It also demonstrates the complexity of the electrohypersensitivity syndrome and reflects on the difficult transition between the experiential knowledge and the experimental design of provocation studies.KEY MESSAGES Experiential knowledge is a valuable source of information for research and the design of investigation protocols. The participatory approach allows co-designing protocols by drawing on experiential knowledge. The controversial dimension of EHS reveals the complexity of translating experiential knowledge into an experimental protocol., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction: People reporting electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) attribute various functional disorders to their exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). To date, the results of provocation studies do not support the existence of a causal relationship between EMF and the reported symptoms. However, these studies suffer from various methodological limitations, including low statistical power due to an insufficient number of volunteers. Purpose of research: The objective of this paper is to present the motivations of EHS people who participated in co-creation workshops towards the development of a provocation protocol that would overcome the limitations of existing studies and improve EHS knowledge. Results: In a first phase, participants were invited to discuss the reasons for (not) participating in such a provocation study in order to understand barriers and challenges. Among the drivers, the improvement of the knowledge and the sensitization of the medical profession, as well as the official recognition of EHS and its implications are of great importance. The participants also stress the interest of getting to know themselves better and see the study as a step in the development of therapeutic tools. Among the barriers, people emphasize fears about the project independence and results neutrality, as well as methodological choices. Some also highlight the consequences of the test on their health (suffering) and social aspects. Conclusions: We identify precautions and recommendations for the implementation of a collaborative work with EHS people and in their perennial inclusion in an exposure study., Introduction :Les personnes rapportant une électrohyper- sensibilité (EHS) attribuent différents troubles fonctionnels à leur exposition à des champs électromagnétiques (CEM). À ce jour, les résultats des études de provocation ne permettent pas de conclure à une relation de causalité entre les CEM et les symptômes rapportés. Toutefois, ces études souffrent de différentes limites méthodologiques, dont notamment une faible puissance statistique en raison d’un nombre insuffisant de volontaires.But de l’étude :L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les motivations de personnes rapportant une EHS qui ont participé à des ateliers de cocréation dans le développement d’un protocole de provocation qui s’affranchirait des limites des études existantes et permettrait d’améliorer la connaissance de l’EHS.Résultats :Dans une première phase, les participants ont été invités à parler des raisons de (ne pas) participer à de tels proto- coles dans le but d’en comprendre les obstacles et les défis. Parmi les leviers, l’amélioration des connaissances et la sensibi- lisation du corps médical ainsi que la reconnaissance officielle de l’EHS et ses implications revêtent une grande importance. Les participants soulignent également l’intérêt de mieux se connaître et voient l’étude comme une étape dans le développe- ment d’outils thérapeutiques. Parmi les freins, les personnes relèvent des craintes quant à l’indépendance du projet et la neutralité des résultats ainsi que les choix méthodologiques. Certains soulignent également les conséquences du test sur la santé (souffrance) et des aspects sociaux.Conclusions :Nous dégageons les précautions et recommanda- tions dans la mise en place d’un travail collaboratif avec les personnes EHS et dans leur inclusion pérenne dans une étude d’exposition., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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The hypothesis of an electromagnetic origin of idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) attributed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) has been widely investigated by provocation studies, which consist of deliberately exposing people with IEI‐EMF in laboratory settings to particular EMF to observe volunteers’ reactions. In the majority of these studies, reactions have been found to be independent of exposure. However, most of these studies suffer from design and methodological limitations that might bias their findings or reduce their precision. As provocation studies are best suited for isolating the effects of EMF, innovative protocols should be applied. In the ExpoComm project (PNREST Anses, EST/2017/2 RF/19), several innovations have been introduced: the involvement of people with IEI‐EMF in the development of the protocol, the attenuation of the anxiogenic nature of the tests, the individualization of the protocol, the validation of the neutral or normal reactivity state before the test, and the use of a cocktail of real, rather than artificially generated, sources. The objective of involving people with IEI‐EMF was to increase the relevance and acceptability of the protocol, while respecting technical constraints and scientific quality requirements. This paper describes the protocol resulting from the collaborative process., iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Nous proposons dans cette contribution de revenir sur le processus d’élaboration d’un jeu narratif, dont le titre provisoire est 2061, et qui a pour objectif de développer la capacité des joueurs à fabriquer des récits du futur. À l’origine du projet, le Forum des Vies Mobiles, un centre de recherches prospectives sur la mobilité, souhaitait faire appel à une équipe composée d’artistes et de chercheur.e.s afin de réaliser une enquête portant sur l’imaginaire des jeunes quant aux mobilités futures, autant virtuelles (NTIC) que physiques (déplacements), dans un avenir sous forte pression écologique, où le poids énergétique des infrastructures liées à ces mobilités serait devenu un véritable enjeu de société au quotidien. Il s’agissait de proposer une restitution qui rende sensibles et visibles les résultats sortis de cette enquête, d’où le caractère multidisciplinaire de notre équipe de recherche. Plutôt que la seule restitution, ce sont les méthodes d’enquête mêmes que notre collectif, Æ coop, a voulu repenser. Nous avons fait le pari de nous éloigner au maximum d’une enquête sociologique de type classique quant aux aspirations des jeunes. Nous avons également directement écarté l’idée selon laquelle la question des modes de vie des jeunes à l’aune d’un avenir sous pression environnementale devait être posée à partir des renoncements qu’ils ou elles seraient prêts à envisager. Le projet que nous présentons ici, depuis l’enquête qui lui a donné forme jusqu’au jeu 2061 qui en constitue le résultat, propose plutôt un outil pour équiper les imaginaires du futur dans un monde en crise., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Quatrième de couverture: Depuis quelques années on voit surgir dans les villes des expériences qui réinventent sur des modes collectifs la tradition des anciens potagers urbains. En se glissant dans les interstices de la ville, sur des terrains oubliés, dans l’angle mort de barres d’immeubles ou sur les toits des bâtiments, elles interrompent « le long orphelinat » des bâtiments sans âme dont la fureur immobilière a le secret. À partir de Bruxelles, où existait déjà une tradition de maraîchage spécialisé et de jardins ouvriers, l’ouvrage retrace l’histoire de la ville nourricière et des combats qu’elle suppose, et témoigne des expériences nouvelles, quelquefois victorieuses du béton, le temps de reprendre son souffle et sa bêche.

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Les ondes électromagnétiques utilisées pour la téléphonie mobile, le WiFi ou encore le Bluetooth sont-elles nocives pour la santé et l’environnement ? La polémique fait rage entre ceux qui considèrent qu’il n’y a aucune raison de s’inquiéter, et qu’il n’est donc pas nécessaire de légiférer à ce sujet, et ceux qui voient de vrais faisceaux de preuves à propos de la dangerosité de ces ondes. Les militants contre celles-ci soulèvent des risques, des doutes ou même des certitudes sur leurs dangers sanitaires, mais aussi sociaux, environnementaux et même mentaux. Au cœur de la polémique, les malades des ondes, les électrosensibles, ont une place particulière :eux souffrent déjà des ondes et sont donc une vraie preuve de ce danger, leur corps est l’inscription de ce danger. À l’aide des outils conceptuels développés par le philosophe Félix Guattari, ce travail déploie cette controverse à travers ces multiples composantes. La thèse explore l’électrosensibilité comme une maladie relative à un milieu et à une époque, en décrivant les épreuves que les malades et les militants subissent., Doctorat en Philosophie, THPHILO, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Background: An estimated 17.2% of patients continue to smoke following diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To reduce the risk of further morbidity or mortality in cardiovascular patients, smoking cessation has been shown to reduce the risk of mortality by 36% and myocardial infarction by 32%. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term health and economic consequences of smoking cessation in patients with CVD. Design and methods: Results of a randomized clinical trial comparing varenicline plus counselling vs. placebo plus counselling were extrapolated using a Markov model to simulate the lifetime costs and health consequences of smoking cessation in patients with stable CVD. For the base case, we considered a payer's perspective including direct costs attributed to the healthcare provider, measuring cumulative life years (LY) and quality adjusted life (QALY) years as outcome measures. Secondary analyses were conducted from a societal perspective, evaluating lost productivity due to premature mortality. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also undertaken. Results were analysed for Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy. Results: Varenicline plus counselling was associated with a gain in LY and QALY across all countries; relative to placebo plus counselling. From a payer's perspective, incremental cost effectiveness ratios were €6120 (Belgium), €5151 (Spain), €5357 (Portugal), and €5433 (Italy) per QALY gained. From a societal perspective, varenicline in addition to counselling was less costly than placebo and counselling in all cases. Sensitivity analyses showed little sensitivity in outcomes to model assumptions or uncertainty in model parameters. Conclusions: Varenicline in addition to counselling is cost-effective compared to placebo and counselling in smokers with CVD. © 2011 The European Society of Cardiology.

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Avec d’autres villes européennes, la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale s’est engagée à transformer durablement son tissu urbain et a pris différentes initiatives en ce sens, notamment la création ou l’adaptation de ses outils urbanistiques. Une étude cartographique menée par le facilitateur Quartiers Durables en collaboration avec l’IGEAT (ULB) a pu établir que dans les quartiers existants, l’arsenal urbanistique régional prête une attention particulière au caractère participatif du développement de l’espace public et que des outils spécifiques pour le développement des grandes friches urbaines existent. Mais pour les chapelets de terrains, aucun outil spécifique n’avait été développé à l’époque par la Région.En 2011, le Service Facilitateur s’est concentré sur cette typologie des chapelets de terrain. Comme précédemment (Toolbox ensembles d’immeubles hauts) la méthode de travail a été la suivante: un premier workshop a été organisé autour d’un cas d’étude représentatif de cette typologie: le quartier Moensberg à Uccle. Parallèlement des recherches ont été pratiquées en vue de trouver des exemples similaires ou comparables ailleurs en Europe. L’ensemble de ce travail et de ces données a alimenté la réflexion indispensable à la rédaction de la présente publication., Cette recherche a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une convention Facilitateur Quartiers Durables avec Bruxelles Environnement (2011-2012). Téléchargeable sur le site de Bruxelles Environnement, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Analyse des potentialités de transformation d'ensembles d'immeubles hauts (à partir de l'exemple du Peterbos, Anderlecht) en quartier durable., téléchargeable sur le site de Bruxelles Environnement, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Analyse des potentialités de transformation d'ensembles d'immeubles hauts (à partir de l'exemple du Peterbos, Anderlecht) en quartier durable., téléchargeable sur le site de Bruxelles Environnement, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le service Facilitateur Quartiers Durables (Urbs/La Cambre/Sint Lucas) en RBC examine les possibilités d'évolution du quartier du Peterbos à Anderlecht. Ce quartier est caractérisé par des bâtiments de grande hauteur occupés principalement par du logement de type social. Le rapport comprend un état des lieux, puis il analyse le quartier à la lumière des 9 points du Mémento pour des quartiers durables (IBGE, 2009) pour en identifier les potentiels de rénovation/évolution., IBGEBIM/EACB/ECOCO.005/531.03/QD/FAC2009, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Le concept de « quartier durable » n’est pas celui d’un quartier autonome :il n’a de sens qu’en s’inscrivant dans une ville existante et qu’en rendant celle-ci globalement plus « durable ». En ce sens, un « quartier durable » cherche à s’inscrire de manière ambitieuse dans une séried’objectifs qui touchent à la fois la qualité écologique de son périmètre, son maillage social et sa soutenabilité économique.L’outil Sustainable Check-Up pour des QUARTIERS DURABLES propose quelques clés d’analyse pour évaluer concrètement la « durabilité » de leur « Projet de Quartier ». Cette analyse est basée sur 2 hypothèses :1. il n’existe pas de modèle unique pour la « ville durable » ;2. l’approche est contextuelle. Par facilité de lecture, le Check-Up est structuré selon les trois piliers (écologique, social et économique) du développement durable et chaque thématique se décline à son tour en 3 points d’intérêt. Le Check-Up propose 2 niveaux de vérification de l’approche durable de quartier. Le premier niveau se décline en 9 questions générales « feu vert ». Le second niveau de vérification se décline en 50 questions de détail. Il permet de tirer un « bilan de durabilité » sommaire du projet., Cette recherche-action a été réalisée dans le cadre d'une convention de facilitateur "quartier durable" avec Bruxelles Environnement (2008-2012)., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Sustainable development will not be achieved without some fundamental changes in our patterns of living. Therefore, it will be necessary to rely less on material commodities and more on immaterial goods to realise our conception of a good, valuable life while maintaining or even improving our overall well-being. However, in order to trigger a democratic and participative transition towards sustainable development, it is necessary, first to know what are the shared conceptions of a good, valuable life and second, what criteria citizens use to assess social arrangements in terms of quality of life. On the other hand, improved indicators of well-being have become indispensable to guide public policies as it is widely acknowledged that increasing production and consumption has ceased to induce more well-being and happiness., SA/TA/09A, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Assessing sustainable development consists in evaluating a) development defined as the well-being of current generations (and therefore, the effectiveness of extant patterns of production and consumption in satisfying needs and aspirations) and b) sustainability: the amount and productive potential of resources left to future generations. There is a large consensus now (at least inside the sustainable development community, but this one is getting larger and larger) that GNP (or GDP) is -– at best – insufficient for assessing development and inappropriate for evaluating sustainability. Since the publication of the Brundtland report in 1987 and still more since the Conference on Environment and Development in 1991 in Rio, the indicators industry has been intensely busy in trying to overcome (or bypass) the GDP’s limitations., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Sustainable development will not be achieved without some fundamental changes in our patterns of living. Therefore, it will be necessary to rely less on material commodities and more on immaterial goods to realise our conception of a good, valuable life while maintaining or even improving our overall well-being. However, in order to trigger a democratic and participative transition towards sustainable development, it is necessary, first to know what are the shared conceptions of a good, valuable life and second, what criteria citizens use to assess social arrangements in terms of quality of life. On the other hand, improved indicators of well-being have become indispensable to guide public policies as it is widely acknowledged that increasing production and consumption has ceased to induce more well-being and happiness., iiTSE, SA/TA/09A, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Assessing sustainable development consists in evaluating a) development defined as the well-being of current generations (and therefore, the effectiveness of extant patterns of production and consumption in satisfying needs and aspirations) and b) sustainability: the amount and productive potential of resources left to future generations. There is a large consensus now (at least inside the sustainable development community, but this one is getting larger and larger) that GNP (or GDP) is -– at best – insufficient for assessing development and inappropriate for evaluating sustainability. Since the publication of the Brundtland report in 1987 and still more since the Conference on Environment and Development in 1991 in Rio, the indicators industry has been intensely busy in trying to overcome (or bypass) the GDP’s limitations., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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BACKGROUND: A review of the available scientific literature concerning forms of tobacco use other than regular cigarettes, cigars and pipes, the nature of such products, prevalence data and trends, health effects, regulatory issues and preventive measures. RESULTS: Narghile (water pipe), bidis, kreteks and other forms of oral tobacco are traditionally used in many low-income countries, and some of these are currently spreading to the Western countries. They are all linked to negative effects similar to, and often greater than, those associated with common cigarette smoking. Various potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs), including snus, targeted at smokers aware of the health risks of regular cigarettes, have recently been developed by the tobacco industry. Their pathogenic potential varies widely and is not fully known; it is in any case greater than that of pure nicotine forms (such as medicinal nicotine). Their use as cigarette substitutes should not be considered even by inveterate smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit nicotine before further independent evaluation and control. CONCLUSIONS: There is no such thing as a safe tobacco product. Like cigarettes, alternative forms of tobacco use need regulatory measures that are adapted to local situations and supplemented by preventive measures within the World Health Organization's Framework Convention for Tobacco Control.

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This paper presents a newly founded research project that is conceived as an integrated socio-technological study about the manufacturing and use of household energy consuming appliances (often referred to as EuPs). This project will examine how standards and ecodesign could take into account the different kinds of users and their role in the use phase in terms of energy consumption. The paper presents the motives to study the use phase of EuPs. It presents these products as embodying conflicts and trade-offs of constraints pertaining to different categories of requirements: technology, economy, ergonomics, social and cultural aspects, health and safety, ecology, ethics. What do EuPs tell us about a culture of energy that is needed for a sustainable development?., SCOPUS: cp.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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This paper presents a newly founded research project that is conceived as an integrated socio-technological study about the manufacturing and use of household energy consuming appliances (often referred to as EuPs). This project will examine how standards and ecodesign could take into account the different kinds of users and their role in the use phase in terms of energy consumption. The paper presents the motives to study the use phase of EuPs. It presents these products as embodying conflicts and trade-offs of constraints pertaining to different categories of requirements: technology, economy, ergonomics, social and cultural aspects, health and safety, ecology, ethics. What do EuPs tell us about a culture of energy that is needed for a sustainable development?., SCOPUS: cp.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

OBJECTIVE: Examination of tobacco butts and its possible use in tobacco control. DESIGN: Macroscopic examination of cigarette butts collected outside or in dedicated smoking rooms of a smoke-free hospital. RESULTS: Of 925 butts, 3.8% were cigarillos, 11.1% cigarettes without filter, 57.7% ventilated filter cigarettes, 22.5% filter cigarettes without macroscopic ventilation and 4.9% undetermined. Thirty-six different cigarette brands were identified. A wide distribution of butt lengths (mean 32.1 mm, variation coefficient 28%), peripheral ovalisation of the filter in 83.9%, and extended browning of the mouth end of the filter in 48.6% were observed. Vent holes were macroscopically detectable in 70.5% and a sharp decrease in browning in 53.4% of the filter cigarettes. Most (94.7%) ventilation holes were located at > or =10 mm from the mouth end. CONCLUSIONS: In a smoke-free hospital, the use of tobacco products (mainly ventilated filter cigarettes) remains sizeable. Given the wide distribution of butt lengths, the number of cigarettes per day is a poor marker of toxin intake. Vent-hole localisation and signs of vent-blocking confirm the inadequacy of machine-measured smoke yields and the presence of compensatory smoking. More intensive individual cessation advice with pharmacological support is necessary. Examination of a smoker's own cigarette butts can be used as a tool for individual cessation advice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To try to get a better insight on the interaction between dFdC and ionizing radiation at the cellular level, we examined in vitro the effect of dFdC on the cell cycle of two human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SQD9 and SCC61). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Experimental conditions yielding radio-enhancement were used. Confluent cells were incubated with dFdC (5 microM) for different incubation times, washed, pulse-labeled with BrdUrd (10 microM), fixed and then processed for flow cytometry analysis. Alternatively, cells preincubated or not with dFdC were irradiated (5Gy) in drug-free medium, incubated at 37 degrees C for various times and then processed for flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: In both cell lines, dFdC incubated between 1 and 6 h induced a DNA synthesis inhibition with accumulation of cells in the G1-S boundary followed, when DNA reinitiated, by a synchronous progression of cells throughout the cycle. A slightly different kinetics was observed in the two cell lines. A weak correlation between dFdC radio-enhancement and distribution of cells in the cell cycle was observed. It was also observed that for longer dFdC incubation times, DNA synthesis could reinitiate while cells were still incubated with dFdC. This reinitiation could be correlated with a decrease in the intracellular dFdCTP pool to non-inhibitory levels. Finally in both cell lines, dFdC modified neither the importance nor the kinetics of the radiation-induced G1 delay. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that gemcitabine used at radio-enhancing concentration induces alteration of cell kinetics and cell redistribution throughout the cell cycle. This effect is cell line-dependent. However, the weak correlation between dFdC radio-enhancement and cell cycle distribution suggests that the cell cycle effect does not constitute the most important mechanism of interaction with ionizing radiation. Our study also indicated that in the two cell lines studied, a m

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of 8 fast-neutron beams, 5 proton beams and 1 carbonion beam was determined using as biological criterion intestinal crypt regeneration in mice, i.e. an in vivo system. These beams are used or planned for clinical cancer therapy applications. In addition, the RBE of 6 epithermal neutron beams, used or planned for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), was determined; no boron was administered. The goal of the program was to improve the exchange of information between the centers, facilitate the interpretation of the results and increase the safety of the clinical applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all visited centers, the same technique was applied in the same conditions by the same radiobiology team. The number of regenerating crypts per circumference was scored 3.5 days after single fraction total body irradiation. The control irradiations were performed locally using cobalt-60 units. The mice were randomized according to radiation quality and dose level. RESULTS: (1) For fast neutron beams, the RBE (Ref. cobalt-60 gamma rays) increases with decreasing energy (from approximately 1.7 for p(65)+Be neutrons to approximately 2.4 for d(14.5)+Be neutrons). In addition, it is specific to each facility and depends on the nuclear reaction (p or d + Be), target and collimation type. (2) For proton beams, the RBEs (Ref cobalt-60 gamma rays) at the reference position (middle of a 7-cm Spread Out Bragg Peak, SOBP) range between 1.08 and 1.18. They might differ by approximately 6-8% according to the mode of beam production or delivery. The RBEs at the end of the SOBP are always 5-10 % higher than at the middle of the SOBP. (3) For the carbon ion beam studied at NIRS in Chiba, Japan, the RBE significantly increases with depth. Relative to gamma rays, it ranges from 1.3 in the initial plateau, 1.6 at the beginning, 1.7 at the middle and 1.9 at the end of a 6-cm SOBP. 4) In BNCT beams, the radiation quality (i

PURPOSE: The present study aimed at investigating if 2'-2' difluorodeoxycytidine (dFdC) radioenhancement was mediated by an effect on induction and/or repair of radiation-induced DNA DSBs and chromosome aberrations in cells with different intrinsic radiosensitivity. METHODS: Confluent human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines designated SCC61 and SQD9 were treated with 5 microM dFdC for 3 or 24 h prior to irradiation. DNA DSBs induction and repair were analyzed by PFGE. Radiation-induced chromosome aberrations were examined with a FISH technique. RESULTS: In both cell lines, dFdC did not modify radiation-induced DNA DSBs in a dose range between 0 and 40 Gy. After a single dose of 40 Gy, dFdC affected neither the kinetic of repair nor the residual amount of DNA DSBs up to 4 h after irradiation. Whereas dFdC did not increase the induction of chromosome aberrations, after a single dose of 5 Gy, the percentage of aberrant cells and the number of aberrations per aberrant cells were significantly higher in combination with dFdC. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that under experimental conditions yielding substantial radioenhancement, dFdC decreases the repair of genomic lesions inducing secondary chromosome breaks but has no effect on DNA DSBs repair as measured by PFGE.