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Public health and criminology share similar current and future challenges, mostly related to crime and health causation, prevention, and sustainable development. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to education at the intersection of public health and criminology can be an integral part of future training in areas of mutual interest. Based on reflections on teaching criminology students, this viewpoint discusses the main interconnections between public health and criminology teaching through the public health lens. The paper discusses potential challenges associated with interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Among these challenges is communication across the different fields and their perspectives to be able to achieve the desired complementarity at the intersection of the two disciplines., CC BY 4.0 DEEDCopyright: © 2024 The Author(s)CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Gloria Macassa, MDDepartment of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbacksvägen 47, 80176 Gävle, Sweden; Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden; EPIUnit–Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050–600 Porto, Portugal gloria.macassa@hig.se

Public health and criminology share similar current and future challenges, mostly related to crime and health causation, prevention, and sustainable development. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to education at the intersection of public health and criminology can be an integral part of future training in areas of mutual interest. Based on reflections on teaching criminology students, this viewpoint discusses the main interconnections between public health and criminology teaching through the public health lens. The paper discusses potential challenges associated with interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Among these challenges is communication across the different fields and their perspectives to be able to achieve the desired complementarity at the intersection of the two disciplines.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an established imaging biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its relationship to diurnal preference is not well studied. We investigated the association between chronotype and CAC in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot cohort. Participants aged 50–64 years were randomly recruited and underwent extensive examination including imaging and accelerometry-assessed physical activity. 771 participants (47.3 % male, 57.6 ± 4.4 years) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. CAC was assessed by non-contrast computed tomography, and a CAC score > 10 was considered significant calcification. Self-assessed chronotype was classified as extreme morning, moderate morning, intermediate, moderate evening, or extreme evening. 10-year risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease was estimated by the Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2). Significant CAC was present in 29 % of the cohort. CAC prevalence increased from extreme morning to extreme evening type (22 %, 28 %, 29 %, 27 %, 41 % respectively, p = 0.018). In a multivariate logistic regression model controlling for confounders, extreme evening chronotype was independently associated with increased CAC prevalence compared to extreme morning type (OR 1.90, [95%CI 1.04–3.46], p = 0.037). When stratified by SCORE2 risk category (low: <5 %; moderate: 5 to <10 %; high: ≥10 %), significant CAC was most prevalent among extreme evening chronotypes in the low and moderate-risk groups, while chronotype seemed less important in the high-risk group (p = 0.011, p = 0.023, p = 0.86, respectively). Our findings suggest circadian factors may play an important role in atherosclerosis and should be considered in early cardiovascular prevention.

This article contributes knowledge regarding professionals’ expectations and conceptions of what initiatives in pedagogical practice, multiprofessional cooperation for supporting children “at risk”, can generate or has generated. The data derive from semi-structured interviews with professionals involved in a project in a Swedish municipality that aimed by means of improved multi-professional collaboration to prevent children from getting into difficulties. In this article, Billig’s concept of ideological dilemmas was used as theoretical framework, and the data analysis was inspired by qualitative content analysis. The presented ideological dilemmas – rhetoric versus practice and the individual versus the collective – relate to contrasting overarching logics associated with education and social services: promoting all children’s health and development versus treating individuals’ potential deficiencies. This article suggests that discussions about the intentions of multiprofessional collaboration need to be held when opposing positions can be articulated. Such discussions, based on professionals’ experiences and knowledge, may lead to the development of multiprofessional collaboration.

Background: Non-adherence in the general population to preventive guidelines on cardiovascular disease calls for an interdisciplinary approach acknowledging psychological factors of relevance for risk communication and lifestyle modification. Evidence is building up regarding the advantage of sharing arterial imaging evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis with asymptomatic individuals, but there is limited understanding of how this relates to mechanisms of importance for behavioural change. Longitudinal studies on associations between patients’ reactions and lifestyle modification are missing. The population-based randomized controlled trial VIPVIZA investigates the impact of pictorial information about subclinical atherosclerosis, added to traditional risk factor-based communication. The intervention includes a personalized, colour-coded and age-related risk communication strategy and a motivational conversation, and has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: In the present study we assessed cognitive and emotional reactions to the intervention, and how these reactions are associated to lifestyle modification. The participants’ evaluation of the risk communication was assessed in the intervention group (n=1749). Lifestyle modification was assessed with a lifestyle index based on physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption at baseline and after 3 years. Associations between cognitive and emotional response and lifestyle modification were tested with analyses of covariance in a subset of participants (n=714-857). Results: The intervention increased understanding of personal CVD risk, the possibility to influence the risk, and how to influence the risk. Severity of atherosclerosis was associated with emotional reactions, but emotions of strong negative valence were uncommon. Cognitive response and emotional arousal evoked by the intervention were positively associated with lifestyle modification, whereas negative emotions in isolatio

Background: Pictorial communication about subclinical atherosclerosis can improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether it leads to long-term shifts in self-rated CVD risk (risk perception) and beliefs about possibility to influence personal risk (efficacy beliefs) is unknown. Purpose: To study the impact of personalized color-coded and age-related risk communication about atherosclerosis and motivational conversation, compared to traditional risk factor-based communication, on risk perception and efficacy beliefs. Also, whether risk perception increases with message severity. Method: The effect of the pragmatic RCT Visualization of Asymptomatic Atherosclerotic Disease for Optimum Cardiovascular Prevention (VIPVIZA) was analyzed using a linear mixed effects model with risk perception and efficacy believes at 1-year and 3-year follow up as dependent variables. Participants’ (n = 3532) CVD risk perception and efficacy beliefs were assessed with visual analog scales (0–10). Fixed effects were group (intervention vs control), time point (1 year or 3 years) and interaction between group and time point. Further, the models were adjusted for corresponding baseline measurement of the dependent variable and a baseline × time point interaction. Effect of pictorial color-coded risk in the intervention group was investigated using a corresponding mixed effects model, but with pictorial risk group (message severity) as exposure instead of intervention group. Results: After one year, the intervention group rated their CVD risk as higher (m = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.59), with an effect also after 3 years (m = 0.57, 95% CI 0.43–0.70). The effect was consistent in stratified analyses by sex and education. Overall, no effect on efficacy beliefs was observed. In the intervention group, differences in CVD risk perception were found between participants with different color-coded risk messages on atherosclerosis status. Conclusion: Personalized, color-coded and age-related risk com

Inpatient mental healthcare settings should offer safe environments for patients to heal and recover and for staff to provide high-quality treatment and care. However, aggressive patient behaviour, unengaged staff approaches, and the use of restrictive practices are frequently reported. The Safewards model includes ten interventions that aim to prevent conflict and containment. The model has shown promising results but at the same time often presents challenges to successful implementation strategies. The aim of this study was to review qualitative knowledge on staff experiences of barriers and enablers to the implementation of Safewards, from the perspective of implementation science and the i-PARIHS framework. A search of the Web of Science, ASSIA, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases resulted in 10 articles. A deductive framework analysis approach was used to identify barriers and enablers and the alignment to the i-PARIHS. Data most represented by the i-PARIHS were related to the following: local-level formal and informal leadership support, innovation degree of fit with existing practice and values, and recipients' values and beliefs. This indicates that if a ward or organization wants to implement Safewards and direct limited resources to only a few implementation determinants, these three may be worth considering. Data representing levels of external health system and organizational contexts were rare. In contrast, data relating to local (ward)-level contexts was highly represented which may reflect Safewards's focus on quality improvement strategies on a local rather than organizational level. © 2023 The Authors. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd., Open access funding was provided by the Karolinska Institutet., Safewards Sverige

Aim: To investigate how NGNs perceived and applied an intervention for preventing stress-related ill health embedded in a transition-to-practice programme when enter-ing their professional life. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was selected for this study to gain insights and perspectives on the adoption and utilization of the intervention. Methods: In this qualitative methodology process evaluation, semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews were conducted with a sample of 49 nurses. Data were collected between December 2016 and July 2017, and were sorted in NVivo 12 Plus, followed by thematic analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in three change processes stimulated by the intervention: (a) Building acceptance of being new; (b) Gaining insight into professional devel-opment and health and (c) Practical steps for skills development, healthy habits and better-organized work. In addition to the three themes, barriers that hindered the progression of the processes were also described. Each process influenced the development of the others by stimulating a deeper understanding, motivation to change and courage to act. Several barriers were identified, including the use of cognitively demanding intervention tools, fatigue, high work demands, inconvenient work hours and a hostile social climate on the ward. Conclusion: This process evaluation showed that newly graduated nurses used knowledge from the intervention and adopted new behaviours largely in accordance with how the intervention was intended to work. Impact: When entering a new profession, it is crucial to receive a well-thought-out, structured and targeted introduction to the new professional role, tasks and work group. Nurses stated that the intervention increased their understanding of the role as new nurses and their insight into how to develop skills that promoted better functioning and recovery. The intervention also stimulated the development of new health behaviour and some new le, CC BY 4.0

Bakgrund: Trycksår uppstår genom långvarigt tryck på huden eller genom att olika hudlager förskjuts i förhållande till varandra. Trycksår kan klassificeras som en vårdskada och kan orsaka ett fysiskt och psykiskt lidande för patienter inneliggande på sjukhus. God kunskap finns om trycksårsprevention och om vilka adekvata omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan vidtas i det preventiva arbetet. Trots denna kunskap är prevalensen av trycksår på sjukhus fortsatt hög. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder gällande trycksårsprevention på sjukhus. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt användes där totalt 13 artiklar analyserades. Av de 13 artiklarna var nio kvalitativa och fyra kvantitativa. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre teman: Attityder till olika trycksårspreventiva verktyg där sjuksköterskornas attityder till riskbedömningsskalor, tekniska riskbedömningshjälpmedel, checklistor samt sjuksköterskornas kliniska bedömning identifierades. Attityder till kunskap om trycksårsprevention där korrelation mellan olika typer av kunskap och sjuksköterskornas attityder till trycksårsprevention framkom. Attityder till faktorer som försvårar trycksårsprevention där sjuksköterskornas attityder till hinder såsom tidsbrist och hög arbetsbelastning identifierades. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas attityder till trycksårsprevention är avgörande för att säkerställa en hög patientsäkerhet. Genom att identifiera sjuksköterskors attityder till främjande och hindrande faktorer för trycksårsprevention kan vården anpassas och onödigt lidande hos patienterna undvikas.

Background: A pressure ulcer is an injury of the skin or the underlying tissue that occurs by pressure or shearing of the skin. Risk factors for developing a pressure ulcer includes immobility, old age and incontinence. Apart from pain and discomfort, pressure ulcers can lead to complications, like infections. The wound healing process can take time which is why pressure ulcer prevention is important to reduce the occurrence. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of pressure ulcer prevention. Method: General literature review in which twelve nursing scientific articles were reviewed. Result: The results were divided into four themes “Lack of time and high workload”, “Patients health obstacles that prevents or complicates pressure ulcer prevention care”, “The importance of knowledge and experience within pressure ulcer prevention care” and “Guidelines, management and interdisciplinary collaboration”. Nurses’ experiences of pressure ulcer prevention care were described partly through obstacles such as lack of time and a high workload. Obstacles for patients health could potentially complicate or prevent pressure ulcer preventative care. Because of this, a need for competent staff, distinct guidelines and collaboration between professions was needed. Conclusion: A few obstacles was described related to pressure prevention care. To manage these a need for distinct guidelines, a strong management, sufficient resources and adequate practical and theoretical knowledge was needed. Keywords: Experiences, general literature review, nurses, pressure ulcer, prevention.

Introduktion: Trycksår kan räknas som en vårdskada och medför lidande hos patienten samt höga kostnader för samhället. Detta är ett vanligt förekommande problem inom operationssjukvården. Det saknas tillräckligt med forskning om vilka trycksårsförebyggande åtgärder som kan användas och är anpassade efter den perioperativa vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa perioperativ trycksårsförebyggande omvårdnad. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematiskt förhållningssätt har genomförts och genom sökningar i CINAHL och PubMed inkluderades 15 artiklar publicerade mellan 2016–2023. Resultatet: Resultatet presenteras i två huvudkategorier och fyra underkategorier. Huvudkategorin “Skapa optimala förutsättningar” handlar om vikten av rätt förutsättningar för att kunna förebygga trycksår. Det resulterar i två underkategorier: “Vikten av riskbedömning” och “Val av utrustning och material”. Huvudkategorin "Teamets möte med patienten” handlar om operationsteamets upplevelser av trycksårsförebyggande åtgärder. Det resulterar i två underkategorier: “Att se och bedöma patienten” samt ”Teamets attityder och kunskap". Konklusion: Den perioperativa sjuksköterskan kan förhindra uppkomst av trycksår genom adekvat omvårdnad. Vikten av god kommunikation inom operationsteamet samt att involvera patienten möjliggör samarbete gällande de trycksårsförebyggande åtgärderna. Attityden och kunskapen relaterade till den trycksårsförebyggande omvårdnaden behöver utvecklas., Introduction: Pressure ulcers can be considered a health care injury and entail suffering for the patient as well as high costs for society. This is a common problem in surgical healthcare. There is a lack of research on which pressure ulcer prevention measures can be used and are adapted to the perioperative care. Aim: The aim was to highlight perioperative pressure ulcer prevention nursing. Method: A literature study with a systematic approach has been executed and through searches in CINAHL and PubMed included 15 articles published between 2016-2023. Results: The result is presented in two main categories and four subcategories. The main category "Create optimal conditions" is about the importance of the right conditions to be able to prevent pressure ulcers. This results in two subcategories: “Importance of risk assessment” and “Selection of equipment and materials”. The main category "The team's meeting with the patient" is about the surgical team's experiences of pressure ulcer prevention measures. This results in two subcategories: "To see and assess the patient" and "The team's attitudes and knowledge". Conclusion: The perioperative nurse can prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers through adequate nursing care. The importance of good communication within the surgical team and involving the patient enables cooperation regarding pressure ulcer prevention measures. The attitude and knowledge related to pressure ulcer prevention nursing needs to be developed.

Bakgrund Malnutrition är ett omfattande problem i Sydafrika och är orsaken bakom nästan hälften av dödsfall hos barn under 5 år i Sydafrika. Undernäring ger både kortsiktiga och långsiktiga konsekvenser på individ- och samhällsnivå. Hälsofrämjande och preventivt arbete utgör en viktig del av arbetet med att minska andelen barn som lider av malnutrition. I många fall är icke-statliga organisationers avgörande då arbetet är överväldigande för enbart statliga funktioner. Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva erfarenheter av att arbeta med malnutrition och uppfattningar om dess bakomliggande orsaker hos personer som arbetar på inhemska icke-statliga organisationer i Kapstaden. Metod I studien användes en kvalitativ studiedesign. Resultaten baserades på data från nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare på icke-statliga organisationer. En frågeguide användes för datainsamling och datan analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet sammanställdes och presenterades under huvudkategorierna Organisationernas strategier i arbetet med malnutrition, Behovet av ökad utbildning, Bakomliggande orsaker till malnutrition och hinder för förbättring och Tankar om framtiden. Resultatet visade att samtliga bakomliggande orsaker påverkar varandra negativt, och att tidiga interventioner samt preventivt arbete är avgörande. Den vanligaste strategin bland organisationerna var att öka tillgången till näringsrik mat genom att distribuera råvaror och servera måltider. Resultatet visade även på vikten av fortsatt nutritionsutbildning för att öka kunskapen kring matvanor. Slutsats Det finns flera fungerande strategier som icke-statliga organisationer arbetar med för att motverka malnutrition. Malnutrition är dock ett problem som samspelar med andra samhällsproblem och kan därför inte lösas genom att enbart fokusera på malnutrition. De bakomliggande orsakerna måste tacklas parallellt. Vikten av att sprida kunskap kring nutrition belyses i vårt resultat. Genom ökad, Background Malnutrition is a large problem and the cause of almost half of the deaths among children under 5 years in South Africa. Undernourishment causes both short-term and long-term consequences, on both individual and societal levels. Health promotion and preventative work is an important part of reducing the proportion of children with malnutrition. Non-governmental organizations’ work is often crucial because the work is overwhelming for governmental functions to tackle alone. Aim The aim was to describe experiences of working with malnutrition and perceptions of its underlying causes among people working in domestic non-governmental organizations in Cape Town. Method This study used a qualitative design. The results were based on data from nine semi-structured interviews with employees in non-governmental organizations. An interview guide was used to collect data and the data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results The results were compiled and presented under the main categories The organizations strategies in working with malnutrition, The need for increased education, Underlying causes of malnutrition and Thoughts on the future. The results showed that the underlying causes affect each other in a negative way and that early interventions and preventative work is key. The most common strategy among the organizations was to increase access to food through distribution of food and serving meals. The results also showed the need for continued education to increase the knowledge on eating habits. Conclusions There are several effective strategies used by non-governmental organizations to combat malnutrition. Malnutrition is a problem that interacts with other problems and will therefore not be resolved by singularly focusing on malnutrition. The underlying causes must be tackled at the same time. Through increased knowledge about malnutrition among nurses, there is an opportunity to spread knowledge to a larger audience through health educat

Public health and criminology share similar current and future challenges, mostly related to crime and health causation, prevention, and sustainable development. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to education at the intersection of public health and criminology can be an integral part of future training in areas of mutual interest. Based on reflections on teaching criminology students, this viewpoint discusses the main interconnections between public health and criminology teaching through the public health lens. The paper discusses potential challenges associated with interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Among these challenges is communication across the different fields and their perspectives to be able to achieve the desired complementarity at the intersection of the two disciplines., CC BY 4.0 DEEDCopyright: © 2024 The Author(s)CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Gloria Macassa, MDDepartment of Public Health and Sports Science, Faculty of Occupational and Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbacksvägen 47, 80176 Gävle, Sweden; Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, 541 28 Skövde, Sweden; EPIUnit–Instituto de Saude Publica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050–600 Porto, Portugal gloria.macassa@hig.se

Public health and criminology share similar current and future challenges, mostly related to crime and health causation, prevention, and sustainable development. Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches to education at the intersection of public health and criminology can be an integral part of future training in areas of mutual interest. Based on reflections on teaching criminology students, this viewpoint discusses the main interconnections between public health and criminology teaching through the public health lens. The paper discusses potential challenges associated with interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Among these challenges is communication across the different fields and their perspectives to be able to achieve the desired complementarity at the intersection of the two disciplines.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an established imaging biomarker of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its relationship to diurnal preference is not well studied. We investigated the association between chronotype and CAC in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) pilot cohort. Participants aged 50–64 years were randomly recruited and underwent extensive examination including imaging and accelerometry-assessed physical activity. 771 participants (47.3 % male, 57.6 ± 4.4 years) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. CAC was assessed by non-contrast computed tomography, and a CAC score > 10 was considered significant calcification. Self-assessed chronotype was classified as extreme morning, moderate morning, intermediate, moderate evening, or extreme evening. 10-year risk of first-onset cardiovascular disease was estimated by the Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2). Significant CAC was present in 29 % of the cohort. CAC prevalence increased from extreme morning to extreme evening type (22 %, 28 %, 29 %, 27 %, 41 % respectively, p = 0.018). In a multivariate logistic regression model controlling for confounders, extreme evening chronotype was independently associated with increased CAC prevalence compared to extreme morning type (OR 1.90, [95%CI 1.04–3.46], p = 0.037). When stratified by SCORE2 risk category (low: <5 %; moderate: 5 to <10 %; high: ≥10 %), significant CAC was most prevalent among extreme evening chronotypes in the low and moderate-risk groups, while chronotype seemed less important in the high-risk group (p = 0.011, p = 0.023, p = 0.86, respectively). Our findings suggest circadian factors may play an important role in atherosclerosis and should be considered in early cardiovascular prevention.

This article contributes knowledge regarding professionals’ expectations and conceptions of what initiatives in pedagogical practice, multiprofessional cooperation for supporting children “at risk”, can generate or has generated. The data derive from semi-structured interviews with professionals involved in a project in a Swedish municipality that aimed by means of improved multi-professional collaboration to prevent children from getting into difficulties. In this article, Billig’s concept of ideological dilemmas was used as theoretical framework, and the data analysis was inspired by qualitative content analysis. The presented ideological dilemmas – rhetoric versus practice and the individual versus the collective – relate to contrasting overarching logics associated with education and social services: promoting all children’s health and development versus treating individuals’ potential deficiencies. This article suggests that discussions about the intentions of multiprofessional collaboration need to be held when opposing positions can be articulated. Such discussions, based on professionals’ experiences and knowledge, may lead to the development of multiprofessional collaboration.

Background: Non-adherence in the general population to preventive guidelines on cardiovascular disease calls for an interdisciplinary approach acknowledging psychological factors of relevance for risk communication and lifestyle modification. Evidence is building up regarding the advantage of sharing arterial imaging evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis with asymptomatic individuals, but there is limited understanding of how this relates to mechanisms of importance for behavioural change. Longitudinal studies on associations between patients’ reactions and lifestyle modification are missing. The population-based randomized controlled trial VIPVIZA investigates the impact of pictorial information about subclinical atherosclerosis, added to traditional risk factor-based communication. The intervention includes a personalized, colour-coded and age-related risk communication strategy and a motivational conversation, and has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: In the present study we assessed cognitive and emotional reactions to the intervention, and how these reactions are associated to lifestyle modification. The participants’ evaluation of the risk communication was assessed in the intervention group (n=1749). Lifestyle modification was assessed with a lifestyle index based on physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption at baseline and after 3 years. Associations between cognitive and emotional response and lifestyle modification were tested with analyses of covariance in a subset of participants (n=714-857). Results: The intervention increased understanding of personal CVD risk, the possibility to influence the risk, and how to influence the risk. Severity of atherosclerosis was associated with emotional reactions, but emotions of strong negative valence were uncommon. Cognitive response and emotional arousal evoked by the intervention were positively associated with lifestyle modification, whereas negative emotions in isolatio

Background: Pictorial communication about subclinical atherosclerosis can improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, but whether it leads to long-term shifts in self-rated CVD risk (risk perception) and beliefs about possibility to influence personal risk (efficacy beliefs) is unknown. Purpose: To study the impact of personalized color-coded and age-related risk communication about atherosclerosis and motivational conversation, compared to traditional risk factor-based communication, on risk perception and efficacy beliefs. Also, whether risk perception increases with message severity. Method: The effect of the pragmatic RCT Visualization of Asymptomatic Atherosclerotic Disease for Optimum Cardiovascular Prevention (VIPVIZA) was analyzed using a linear mixed effects model with risk perception and efficacy believes at 1-year and 3-year follow up as dependent variables. Participants’ (n = 3532) CVD risk perception and efficacy beliefs were assessed with visual analog scales (0–10). Fixed effects were group (intervention vs control), time point (1 year or 3 years) and interaction between group and time point. Further, the models were adjusted for corresponding baseline measurement of the dependent variable and a baseline × time point interaction. Effect of pictorial color-coded risk in the intervention group was investigated using a corresponding mixed effects model, but with pictorial risk group (message severity) as exposure instead of intervention group. Results: After one year, the intervention group rated their CVD risk as higher (m = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.59), with an effect also after 3 years (m = 0.57, 95% CI 0.43–0.70). The effect was consistent in stratified analyses by sex and education. Overall, no effect on efficacy beliefs was observed. In the intervention group, differences in CVD risk perception were found between participants with different color-coded risk messages on atherosclerosis status. Conclusion: Personalized, color-coded and age-related risk com

Aim: To investigate how NGNs perceived and applied an intervention for preventing stress-related ill health embedded in a transition-to-practice programme when enter-ing their professional life. Design: A qualitative exploratory descriptive design was selected for this study to gain insights and perspectives on the adoption and utilization of the intervention. Methods: In this qualitative methodology process evaluation, semi-structured and audio-recorded interviews were conducted with a sample of 49 nurses. Data were collected between December 2016 and July 2017, and were sorted in NVivo 12 Plus, followed by thematic analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in three change processes stimulated by the intervention: (a) Building acceptance of being new; (b) Gaining insight into professional devel-opment and health and (c) Practical steps for skills development, healthy habits and better-organized work. In addition to the three themes, barriers that hindered the progression of the processes were also described. Each process influenced the development of the others by stimulating a deeper understanding, motivation to change and courage to act. Several barriers were identified, including the use of cognitively demanding intervention tools, fatigue, high work demands, inconvenient work hours and a hostile social climate on the ward. Conclusion: This process evaluation showed that newly graduated nurses used knowledge from the intervention and adopted new behaviours largely in accordance with how the intervention was intended to work. Impact: When entering a new profession, it is crucial to receive a well-thought-out, structured and targeted introduction to the new professional role, tasks and work group. Nurses stated that the intervention increased their understanding of the role as new nurses and their insight into how to develop skills that promoted better functioning and recovery. The intervention also stimulated the development of new health behaviour and some new le, CC BY 4.0

The use of devices for tissue dissection and hemostasis during surgery is almost unavoidable. Electrically powered devices such as electrocautery, ultrasonic and laser units produce surgical smoke containing more than a thousand different products of combustion. These include large amounts of carcinogenic, mutagenic and potentially teratogenic noxae. The smoke contains particles that range widely in size, even as small as 0.007 µm. Most of the particles (90%) in electrocautery smoke are <=6.27 µm in size, but surgical masks cannot filter particles smaller than 5 µm. In this situation, 95% of the smoke particles which pass through the mask reach deep into the respiratory tract and frequently cause various symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, eye and respiratory tract irritation, weakness, and abdominal pain in the acute period. The smoke can transport bacteria and viruses that are mostly between 0.02 µm and 3 µm in size and there is a risk of contamination. Among these viruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, HIV, HPV, HBV must be considered. The smoke may also carry malignant cells. The long-term effects of the surgical smoke are always ignored, because causality can hardly be clarified in individual cases. The quantity of the smoke changes with the technique of the surgeon, the room ventilation system, the characteristics of the power device used, the energy level at which it is set, and the characteristics of the tissue processed. The surgical team is highly exposed to the smoke, with the surgeon experiencing the highest exposure. However, the severity of exposure differs according to certain factors, e.g., ventilation by laminar or turbulent mixed airflow or smoke evacuation system. In any case, the surgical smoke must be removed from the operation area. The most effective method is to collect the smoke from the source through an aspiration system and to evacuate it outside. Awareness and legal regulations in terms of hygiene, toxicology, as well as occupa, Der Einsatz von Devices zur Gewebedissektion und Blutstillung während des Eingriffs ist im Allgemeinen unumgänglich. Elektrisch betriebene Devices wie Elektrokauter, Ultraschall- und Lasergeräte erzeugen chirurgischen Rauch, der mehr als tausend verschiedene Verbrennungsprodukte enthält. Darunter befinden sich große Mengen an krebserregenden, mutagenen und potentiell teratogene Noxen. Der Rauch enthält Partikel in einem weiten Größenspektrum, das bis zu 0,007 µm betragen kann. Die meisten Partikel (90%) im Elektrokauterisationsrauch sind <=6,27 µm groß. Chirurgische Masken können Partikel <5 µm nicht filtern. Daher gelangen 95% der durch die Maske gelangenden der Rauchpartikel tief in die Atemwege und verursachen in der akuten Phase häufig Symptome wie Kopfschmerz, Schwindel, Übelkeit, Reizungen der Augen und Atemwege, Schwäche und Bauchschmerzen. Der Rauch kann Bakterien und Viren transportieren, die meist zwischen 0,02 µm und 3 µm groß sind, so dass ein Kontaminationsrisiko besteht. Unter diesen Viren sind SARS-CoV-2, Influenzaviren, HIV, HPV und HBV zu nennen. Der Rauch kann auch Krebszellen enthalten. Langfristige Auswirkungen des OP-Rauchs werden stets ignoriert, da die Kausalität im Einzelfall kaum geklärt werden kann.Die Menge des Rauchs hängt von der Technik des Chirurgen, dem Belüftungssystem des Operationsraums, den Eigenschaften des verwendeten Devices, der eingestellten Energiestufe und den Eigenschaften des verarbeiteten Gewebes ab. Das Operationsteam ist in hohem Maße dem Rauch ausgesetzt, am stärksten jedoch der Chirurg. Das Ausmaß der Exposition hängt jedoch von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, insbesondere von der Art der Belüftung (laminare Luftströmung oder turbulente Mischströmung) und dem Rauchabzugssystem. In jedem Fall muss der chirurgische Rauch aus dem Operationsbereich entfernt werden. Die wirksamste Methode besteht darin, den Rauch durch ein Absaugsystem an der Quelle zu erfassen und ins Freie abzuführen. Abschließend ist festzustellen, dass das

Background: A pressure ulcer is an injury of the skin or the underlying tissue that occurs by pressure or shearing of the skin. Risk factors for developing a pressure ulcer includes immobility, old age and incontinence. Apart from pain and discomfort, pressure ulcers can lead to complications, like infections. The wound healing process can take time which is why pressure ulcer prevention is important to reduce the occurrence. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses’ experiences of pressure ulcer prevention. Method: General literature review in which twelve nursing scientific articles were reviewed. Result: The results were divided into four themes “Lack of time and high workload”, “Patients health obstacles that prevents or complicates pressure ulcer prevention care”, “The importance of knowledge and experience within pressure ulcer prevention care” and “Guidelines, management and interdisciplinary collaboration”. Nurses’ experiences of pressure ulcer prevention care were described partly through obstacles such as lack of time and a high workload. Obstacles for patients health could potentially complicate or prevent pressure ulcer preventative care. Because of this, a need for competent staff, distinct guidelines and collaboration between professions was needed. Conclusion: A few obstacles was described related to pressure prevention care. To manage these a need for distinct guidelines, a strong management, sufficient resources and adequate practical and theoretical knowledge was needed. Keywords: Experiences, general literature review, nurses, pressure ulcer, prevention.

The subject of this bachelor thesis in criminology has been local crimeprevention. More specifically the matter of comparing Sölvesborgsmunicipality and the national governments policy regarding local crimeprevention. In 2023 a law regarding municipalities responsibility to institute alocal crime prevention strategy was implemented.The passing of this law led to the subject of this thesis, when municipalitiesbecame obligated to conduct local crime prevention the need to study how theimplemented systems differ from the official national documents arose.To conduct the study a WPR or What’s the problem represented to be approachwas used to study and discern the underlying problem formulation andrepresentation in the respective policy documents. In addition to that Sahlinsfour models of crime prevention and Luhmann ́s theory of autopoietic systemsprovided a theoretical framework to the thesis.The study found that there is a discernible difference between the municipaland national level regarding the representation of crime prevention. Thenational policy documents focus heavily on the improvements to crimepreventions that can be made through the effectivization of institutions. Incontrast to this the analysis of the local level showed that there is a focus oninformal and formal social control through mainly the visibility of authorityfigures such as police, security guards and the municipal hosts of security.

Bakgrund Malnutrition är ett omfattande problem i Sydafrika och är orsaken bakom nästan hälften av dödsfall hos barn under 5 år i Sydafrika. Undernäring ger både kortsiktiga och långsiktiga konsekvenser på individ- och samhällsnivå. Hälsofrämjande och preventivt arbete utgör en viktig del av arbetet med att minska andelen barn som lider av malnutrition. I många fall är icke-statliga organisationers avgörande då arbetet är överväldigande för enbart statliga funktioner. Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva erfarenheter av att arbeta med malnutrition och uppfattningar om dess bakomliggande orsaker hos personer som arbetar på inhemska icke-statliga organisationer i Kapstaden. Metod I studien användes en kvalitativ studiedesign. Resultaten baserades på data från nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare på icke-statliga organisationer. En frågeguide användes för datainsamling och datan analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Resultatet sammanställdes och presenterades under huvudkategorierna Organisationernas strategier i arbetet med malnutrition, Behovet av ökad utbildning, Bakomliggande orsaker till malnutrition och hinder för förbättring och Tankar om framtiden. Resultatet visade att samtliga bakomliggande orsaker påverkar varandra negativt, och att tidiga interventioner samt preventivt arbete är avgörande. Den vanligaste strategin bland organisationerna var att öka tillgången till näringsrik mat genom att distribuera råvaror och servera måltider. Resultatet visade även på vikten av fortsatt nutritionsutbildning för att öka kunskapen kring matvanor. Slutsats Det finns flera fungerande strategier som icke-statliga organisationer arbetar med för att motverka malnutrition. Malnutrition är dock ett problem som samspelar med andra samhällsproblem och kan därför inte lösas genom att enbart fokusera på malnutrition. De bakomliggande orsakerna måste tacklas parallellt. Vikten av att sprida kunskap kring nutrition belyses i vårt resultat. Genom ökad, Background Malnutrition is a large problem and the cause of almost half of the deaths among children under 5 years in South Africa. Undernourishment causes both short-term and long-term consequences, on both individual and societal levels. Health promotion and preventative work is an important part of reducing the proportion of children with malnutrition. Non-governmental organizations’ work is often crucial because the work is overwhelming for governmental functions to tackle alone. Aim The aim was to describe experiences of working with malnutrition and perceptions of its underlying causes among people working in domestic non-governmental organizations in Cape Town. Method This study used a qualitative design. The results were based on data from nine semi-structured interviews with employees in non-governmental organizations. An interview guide was used to collect data and the data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis. Results The results were compiled and presented under the main categories The organizations strategies in working with malnutrition, The need for increased education, Underlying causes of malnutrition and Thoughts on the future. The results showed that the underlying causes affect each other in a negative way and that early interventions and preventative work is key. The most common strategy among the organizations was to increase access to food through distribution of food and serving meals. The results also showed the need for continued education to increase the knowledge on eating habits. Conclusions There are several effective strategies used by non-governmental organizations to combat malnutrition. Malnutrition is a problem that interacts with other problems and will therefore not be resolved by singularly focusing on malnutrition. The underlying causes must be tackled at the same time. Through increased knowledge about malnutrition among nurses, there is an opportunity to spread knowledge to a larger audience through health educat

Studien belyser vilken funktion rektorer anser sig ha till ungdomskriminalitet utifrån sin yrkesroll, samt vilket ansvar och funktion rektorer anser att skolan har gentemot ungdomskriminalitet. För att synliggöra och vidare analysera rektorers förhållningssätt har ett teoretiskt ramverk skapats med grund i Hirschis (1969) kontrollteori om sociala band. Studiens resultat bygger på kvalitativa epost-intervjuer och muntliga intervjuer med tolv rektorer. Den tematiska analys som genomfördes utifrån de tolv intervjuerna mynnade ut i två teman, kontroll och funktion. Även ämnen som samverkan och ansvar har under analysens gång visat sig vara viktiga delar för förståelsen av rektorernas utsagor. Studien synliggör hur rektorer ser på sitt arbete mot bakgrund av skolan som brottsförebyggande institution, samt vilka svårigheter och möjligheter som finns i rektorernas arbete avseende förhindrande av ungdomskriminalitet. Utifrån teorin om sociala band går det att finna att rollen som rektor innefattar en kontroll över skolans aktiva val i det brottsförebyggande arbetet, men också en maktlöshet i det brottsförebyggande och brottsagerande arbetet vilket skapar en frustration. Skolan kan vara en viktig aktör i ungas liv för att få dem att avstå från kriminalitet. Ansvaret för brottsförebyggande insatser i skolan är något som rektorer tolkar olika och därmed också i tolkningen av vilken kontroll skolan ska utöva utifrån de sociala banden., 2024-02-09

Introduktion: Trycksår kan räknas som en vårdskada och medför lidande hos patienten samt höga kostnader för samhället. Detta är ett vanligt förekommande problem inom operationssjukvården. Det saknas tillräckligt med forskning om vilka trycksårsförebyggande åtgärder som kan användas och är anpassade efter den perioperativa vården. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa perioperativ trycksårsförebyggande omvårdnad. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematiskt förhållningssätt har genomförts och genom sökningar i CINAHL och PubMed inkluderades 15 artiklar publicerade mellan 2016–2023. Resultatet: Resultatet presenteras i två huvudkategorier och fyra underkategorier. Huvudkategorin “Skapa optimala förutsättningar” handlar om vikten av rätt förutsättningar för att kunna förebygga trycksår. Det resulterar i två underkategorier: “Vikten av riskbedömning” och “Val av utrustning och material”. Huvudkategorin "Teamets möte med patienten” handlar om operationsteamets upplevelser av trycksårsförebyggande åtgärder. Det resulterar i två underkategorier: “Att se och bedöma patienten” samt ”Teamets attityder och kunskap". Konklusion: Den perioperativa sjuksköterskan kan förhindra uppkomst av trycksår genom adekvat omvårdnad. Vikten av god kommunikation inom operationsteamet samt att involvera patienten möjliggör samarbete gällande de trycksårsförebyggande åtgärderna. Attityden och kunskapen relaterade till den trycksårsförebyggande omvårdnaden behöver utvecklas., Introduction: Pressure ulcers can be considered a health care injury and entail suffering for the patient as well as high costs for society. This is a common problem in surgical healthcare. There is a lack of research on which pressure ulcer prevention measures can be used and are adapted to the perioperative care. Aim: The aim was to highlight perioperative pressure ulcer prevention nursing. Method: A literature study with a systematic approach has been executed and through searches in CINAHL and PubMed included 15 articles published between 2016-2023. Results: The result is presented in two main categories and four subcategories. The main category "Create optimal conditions" is about the importance of the right conditions to be able to prevent pressure ulcers. This results in two subcategories: “Importance of risk assessment” and “Selection of equipment and materials”. The main category "The team's meeting with the patient" is about the surgical team's experiences of pressure ulcer prevention measures. This results in two subcategories: "To see and assess the patient" and "The team's attitudes and knowledge". Conclusion: The perioperative nurse can prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers through adequate nursing care. The importance of good communication within the surgical team and involving the patient enables cooperation regarding pressure ulcer prevention measures. The attitude and knowledge related to pressure ulcer prevention nursing needs to be developed.

Bakgrund: Trycksår uppstår genom långvarigt tryck på huden eller genom att olika hudlager förskjuts i förhållande till varandra. Trycksår kan klassificeras som en vårdskada och kan orsaka ett fysiskt och psykiskt lidande för patienter inneliggande på sjukhus. God kunskap finns om trycksårsprevention och om vilka adekvata omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan vidtas i det preventiva arbetet. Trots denna kunskap är prevalensen av trycksår på sjukhus fortsatt hög. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder gällande trycksårsprevention på sjukhus. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt användes där totalt 13 artiklar analyserades. Av de 13 artiklarna var nio kvalitativa och fyra kvantitativa. Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre teman: Attityder till olika trycksårspreventiva verktyg där sjuksköterskornas attityder till riskbedömningsskalor, tekniska riskbedömningshjälpmedel, checklistor samt sjuksköterskornas kliniska bedömning identifierades. Attityder till kunskap om trycksårsprevention där korrelation mellan olika typer av kunskap och sjuksköterskornas attityder till trycksårsprevention framkom. Attityder till faktorer som försvårar trycksårsprevention där sjuksköterskornas attityder till hinder såsom tidsbrist och hög arbetsbelastning identifierades. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskornas attityder till trycksårsprevention är avgörande för att säkerställa en hög patientsäkerhet. Genom att identifiera sjuksköterskors attityder till främjande och hindrande faktorer för trycksårsprevention kan vården anpassas och onödigt lidande hos patienterna undvikas.

Grazing way of breeding allows small ruminant's constant contact with transient hosts, eggs and larval forms of parasites. Permanent pastures pose the greatest danger from the health point of view, especially if used unplanned and for many years. Uncultivated pastures with poor floristic composition cause nutritive imbalances, but cultivated pastures also represent a place of constant parasitic infections. The solution can be sought in the form of mixed and persecuted breed, and a limitation on the number of animals on the pasture. Are same time, the cultivation of pastures and biosecurity measures contribute to the successful prevention of parasitic diseases.

Money laundering is the act of hiding illegally obtained money in the financial system. There are three stages of money laundering: placing, layering, and integration. In the United States, the Bank Secrecy Act, monitored by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN), requires companies to establish an anti-money laundering (AML) compliance program and to exercise customer due diligence as preventative measures. The US government can detect money laundering through Suspicious Activity Reports, Currency Transaction Reports, and whistleblower tips. However, AML threats and vulnerabilities such as Professional Money Launderers, cryptocurrency, and the global art market allow criminals to continue to launder money through and within the United States. By decreasing the workload for FinCEN, developing resources for professional services and other industries, and requiring a risk assessment and technology component, the US can expand their territory in the fight against money laundering.

Background and objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a global health problem. Although effective treatments for it exist, early interventions that prevent PTSD from developing are lacking. The aim of this pilot analogue trauma study was to compare the effects of two potential early intervention strategies, namely Tetris_dualtask and imagery rescripting (IR) to a no-intervention control group on intrusion frequency and the vividness and emotionality of aversive film memory. Methods: Sixty healthy students were subjected to the trauma film paradigm and randomly allocated to either: Tetris_dualtask, IR or no-intervention. Main outcomes were the number of film-related intrusions at one week and vividness and emotionality ratings of the most aversive film memory. Secondary outcomes were PTSD-like symptoms, intrusion intensity, and explicit film memory. Results: The Tetris_dualtask group reported significant fewer intrusions compared to the no-intervention group; whereas the IR group did not. No effect was found on vividness and emotionality ratings, PTSD-like symptoms, intrusion intensity, and explicit memory. Limitations: The sample size was small, and analogue trauma in healthy individuals was examined, thus generalizability may be limited. Also, to increase comparability between interventions, the duration of Tetris_dualtask and IR was standardized. As a result, the IR intervention was shorter compared to other studies, which might have decreased its efficacy. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest that playing Tetris during retrieval of traumatic images, might hold potential as an early intervention strategy to reduce intrusions in the early aftermath of trauma and adversity. However, future large-scale replication research is needed.

Background Scientific and technological advancements in mapping and understanding the interrelated pathways through which biological and environmental exposures affect disease development create new possibilities for detecting disease risk factors. Early detection of such risk factors may help prevent disease onset or moderate the disease course, thereby decreasing associated disease burden, morbidity, and mortality. However, the ethical implications of screening for disease risk factors are unclear and the current literature provides a fragmented and case-by-case picture. Methods To identify key ethical considerations arising from the early detection of disease risk factors, we performed a systematic scoping review. The Scopus, Embase, and Philosopher’s Index databases were searched for peer-reviewed, academic records, which were included if they were written in English or Dutch and concerned the ethics of (1) early detection of (2) disease risk factors for (3) disease caused by environmental factors or gene-environment interactions. All records were reviewed independently by at least two researchers. Results After screening 2034 titles and abstracts, and 112 full papers, 55 articles were included in the thematic synthesis of the results. We identified eight common ethical themes: (1) Reliability and uncertainty in early detection, (2) autonomy, (3) privacy, (4) beneficence and non-maleficence, (5) downstream burdens on others, (6) responsibility, (7) justice, and (8) medicalization and conceptual disruption. We identified several gaps in the literature, including a relative scarcity of research on ethical considerations associated with environmental preventive health interventions, a dearth of practical suggestions on how to address expressed concerns about overestimating health capacities, and a lack of insights into preventing undue attribution of health responsibility to individuals. Conclusions The ethical concerns ar

This paper delves into the application of predictive analytics in the realm of dental health, aiming to discern patterns, trends, and risk factors associated with oral diseases. Leveraging extensive datasets and advanced analytical techniques, predictive analytics emerges as a potent tool for early detection and preventive interventions in dental care. Through the integration of diverse data sources, including patient records, imaging studies, and demographic information, predictive models can forecast oral health outcomes with remarkable accuracy. By identifying individuals at heightened risk of developing oral conditions such as caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer, healthcare providers can tailor personalized interventions and allocate resources efficiently. Furthermore, predictive analytics facilitates the optimization of treatment plans, enhancing patient outcomes and minimizing healthcare costs. This paper underscores the transformative potential of predictive analytics in revolutionizing dental care delivery, fostering a proactive approach towards oral health management.

Despite the growing popularity of the mobile health application, the application that addressed to calculated diabetes risk is still limited. DiaCal was developed to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus by screening and early detection approach. This study aimed to develop and examine the usability of DiaCal smartphone application-based education. This study was conducted with a cross-sectional approach. The framework of this application is based on the American Diabetes Association diabetes risk screening instrument. The development of the DiaCal was divided into three phases: preparation, design, and piloting. System Usability Testing (SUS) instruments used to examine the user-level acceptance of this application. DiaCal app developed in android platform core modules: a) data entry, b) conversion and calculation, c) output of the risk assessment, d) education. Twenty respondents were recruited in this study to evaluate DiaCal through SUS instrument. The average adjective range score is 85.25 which indicates that the DiaCal application is in the “excellent” category and the grade level scale is in “A+”. This study showed a significant usability and acceptability of DiaCal in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.

This article presents the topic of crisis in the context of prevention in pastoral workers. It points to the possibility of coping with crisis and thus offers a theological view of overcoming it. It is based on the theoretical points of view and practical experience of pastoral workers. Selected aspects, types, preventions and therapies of crisis at the psychotherapeutic or spiritual-theological level are presented in this paper.

This article presents the topic of crisis in the context of prevention in pastoral workers. It points to the possibility of coping with crisis and thus offers a theological view of overcoming it. It is based on the theoretical points of view and practical experience of pastoral workers. Selected aspects, types, preventions and therapies of crisis at the psychotherapeutic or spiritual-theological level are presented in this paper.

This article contains the results of an intervention aimed at preventing Gender-Based Violence (GBV) through a process of Social Appropriation of Knowledge (SAK) in school adolescents. The study was carried out in two public educational institutions in the city of Popayán, Colombia. The exercise consisted of workshops that focused on conceptualizing, recognizing and addressing GBV. The results showed that the intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about GBV and its consequences, improving coexistence in the classroom, promoting understanding of the routes of action in case of violence, and fostering participation and dialogue among students. Participants also emphasized the need for comprehensive GBV education, including parents and teachers. Finally, the study highlights the importance of using participatory and interactive methodologies to promote the appropriation of knowledge and prevent GBV among young people., El presente artículo contiene los resultados de una intervención orientada a prevenir la Violencia Basada en Género (VBG) a través de un proceso de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento (ASC) en adolescentes escolarizados. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos instituciones educativas públicas en la ciudad de Popayán, Colombia. El ejercicio consistió en la realización de talleres que se enfocaron en conceptualizar, reconocer y abordar la VBG. Los resultados mostraron que la intervención fue efectiva en aumentar el conocimiento sobre la VBG y sus consecuencias, mejorar la convivencia en el aula, promover la comprensión de las rutas de acción en caso de violencia y fomentar la participación y el diálogo entre los estudiantes. Los participantes también enfatizaron la necesidad de una educación integral sobre la VBG, que incluya a padres y maestros. Finalmente, el estudio resalta la importancia de utilizar metodologías participativas e interactivas para promover la apropiación del conocimiento y prevenir la VBG entre los jóvenes.

Primary Health Care plays a fundamental role in the promotion and transformation of healthy lifestyles, with a focus on prevention and care at a basic level, including aspects such as nutrition, physical activity and habits. Objective to promote healthy lifestyles based on strategies and challenges. Methodology, This review article addresses the strategies and challenges associated with the role of Primary Health Care. Results: A detailed description of health promotion as a strategy, its components and the form of application, based on health education, which involves providing information and practical tools to individuals to adopt healthy behaviors, was obtained. Conclusion health promotion is constituted as a strategy aimed at developing individual or group processes and activities in order to modify risk behaviors and adopt healthy lifestyles., La Atención Primaria de Salud, desempeña un papel fundamental en la promoción y transformación de estilos de vida saludables, con un enfoque en la prevención y el cuidado a nivel básico, incluyendo aspectos como nutrición, actividad física y hábitos. Objetivo promover estilos de vida saludables en base a estrategias y desafíos. Metodología, este artículo de revisión, aborda las estrategias y desafíos asociados con el papel de la Atención Primaria de la Salud. Resultados se obtuvo una descripción detallada de la promoción de la salud como estrategia, sus componentes y la forma de aplicación, basadas en la educación para la salud, que implica proporcionar información y herramientas prácticas a los individuos para que adopten comportamientos saludables. Conclusión la promoción de la salud se constituye como una estrategia encaminada a desarrollar procesos y actividades individuales o grupales con el fin de modificar conductas de riesgo y adoptar estilos de vida saludables.

Pregnancy in adolescence is a public health problem that has consequences for both the mother and the child. Culture and social beliefs play an important role in the transmission of knowledge and beliefs related to sexuality, which influences the prevention of pregnancy in adolescents, it being necessary to involve the community in prevention programs, dialogue tables, community surveys and participatory workshops, with the aim of promoting the prevention of pregnancy in adolescents in the Sancan Commune, while addressing the cultural influence that can contribute to this problem. For the development of this bibliographic review, based on documentary research, databases available in national and international indexed scientific journals, official health pages and reliable databases were used. The research consulted has revealed notable differences in behaviors. sexual relations of men and women, which can influence the prevention of pregnancy in adolescents, thus concluding that the family and the educational institution emerge as crucial actors in the prevention of pregnancy in adolescence, requiring the implementation of preventive measures, the provision information and support, as well as the promotion of self-esteem and personal development., El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública que trae consigo consecuencias tanto para la madre como para el niño, la cultura y las creencias sociales juegan un papel importante en la transmisión de conocimientos y creencias relacionadas con la sexualidad, lo que influye en la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes, siendo necesario involucrar a la comunidad en programas de prevención, mesas de diálogo, encuestas comunitarias y talleres participativos, con el objetivo de fomentar la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes de la Comuna Sancan, al mismo tiempo que se aborda la influencia cultural que puede contribuir a esta problemática. Para el desarrollo de esta revisión bibliográfica, fundamentada en una investigación documental, se utilizaron las bases de datos disponibles en revistas científicas indexadas, nacionales e internacionales, páginas oficiales de salud y bases de datos confiables, las investigaciones consultadas han revelado notables diferencias en las conductas sexuales de hombres y mujeres, lo que puede influir en la prevención del embarazo en adolescentes, concluyendo así, que la familia y la institución educativa emergen como actores cruciales en la prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia, requiriendo la implementación de medidas preventivas, la provisión de información y apoyo, así como la promoción de la autoestima y el desarrollo personal.

One of the most important aspects regarding fire prevention is their timely and early detection. The implementation of modern fire extinguishing systems requires advanced training and drills, since it is useless to have the best technology if the staff does not know how to use them and the benefit they provide in fire prevention, since knowing how they work and carrying out Advanced drills make it possible to test established protocols within organizations, evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures and ensure a coordinated response in the event of an emergency. In consideration of the above, the objective of this work was to provide an overview of the latest generation tools and techniques used in fire protection systems through an updated bibliographic review. Based on the information consulted, it is evident that modern fire protection tools and techniques include a wide variety of devices designed to reduce the spread of fire, ensure the safety of the population and the structures involved in the scourge. Thus, thanks to the scientific and technological advances of the last decade, there is a wide variety of devices that include sprinklers and smoke detectors, fire blankets, use of gases, water mist, laser, foam, firefighting robots, software and because no, the inclusion of AI to improve fire response., Uno de los aspectos más importantes referentes a la prevención de incendios es la detección oportuna y temprana de los mismos. La implementación de sistemas modernos de extinción de incendios requiere capacitación y simulacros avanzados, pues de nada sirve contar con la mejor tecnología, si el personal no sabe cómo emplearlos y el beneficio que estos aportan en la prevención de incendios, pues conocer el funcionamiento y realizar simulacros avanzados permiten poner a prueba los protocolos establecidos dentro de las organizaciones, evaluar la eficacia de las medidas preventivas y garantizar una respuesta coordinada en caso de emergencia. En consideración a lo expuesto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue proporcionar una descripción general de las herramientas y técnicas de última generación utilizadas en los sistemas de protección contra incendios mediante una revisión bibliográfica actualizada. Con base en la información consultada, es evidente que las herramientas y técnicas modernas de protección contra incendios incluyen una amplia variedad de dispositivos diseñados para reducir la propagación del fuego, garantizar la seguridad de la población y las estructuras involucradas en el flagelo. Así, gracias a los avances científicos y tecnológicos de la última década se cuenta con una amplia variedad de dispositivos que incluyen rociadores y detectores de humo, mantas ignifugas, uso de gases, agua nebulizada, láser, espuma, robots contra incendios, softwares y porque no, la inclusión de la IA para mejorar la respuesta contra incendios.

Criminal conduct is a term that refers to the violence generated in a cultural, economic or social environment and criminal conduct is usually understood as the violation of legal norms, which can be done intentionally or involuntarily, which can be caused by the consumption of some substances, some psychological damage, the social environment and even economic aspects. Understanding in this way that crimes and criminal behaviors can be intentional or culpable and in turn with the characteristic of action or omission, this gives us a reference in its form of conjunction and measurement since in this way we can obtain concrete data on what factors are the most influential for the commission of the aforementioned. In this way we can begin to understand how young people between 18 and 35 years old and adults over 35 years old are influenced by various factors that lead them to commit a crime or antisocial behavior, which in turn people in this age range who are not part of this statistic because they have not committed them, if they know or know of a family member or friend who committed one of them., Comportamiento delictivo es un término que se refiere a la violencia generada en un entorno cultural, económico o social y se suele entender por conducta delictiva la violación de normas jurídicas, que puede realizarse de forma intencionada o involuntaria, que pueden ser ocasionadas por el consumo de algunas sustancias, algún daño psicológico, el entorno social y hasta aspectos económicos. Entendiendo de esta manera que los delitos y conductas delictivas pueden ser intencionales o negligentes y a su vez con la característica de acción u omisión, esto nos da una referencia en su manera de conjunción y medición puesto que de esta manera se logran obtener datos específicos sobre qué factores son los más influyentes para la comisión de las antes mencionadas. De esta manera se puede partir para el entendimiento de como los jóvenes en edad de 18 a 35 años y los adultos de más de 35 son influenciados por diversos factores que los llevan a cometer un delito o una conducta antisocial, que a su vez las personas en este rango de edad que no forman parte de esta estadística por no haberlas cometido, si saben o conocen de algún familiar y amigo que realizo alguna de ellas.

Habeas Corpus in Ecuador is a jurisdictional guarantee intended to safeguard the fundamental rights of the subjects of protection, but in that sense it delimits its protection in accordance with the Constitution of the state of Ecuador, only protecting the freedom, existence and security of the individuals who are find themselves deprived of their freedom. However, in accordance with the evolution of constitutional law, Ecuadorian jurisprudence has given a preventive tint to that habeas corpus that are activated with the sole purpose of safeguarding the integrity of a person deprived of their liberty. In that sense, the fundamental purpose of this study is to examine the legal nature of preventive Habeas Corpus in Ecuador. For this, a methodology with a qualitative approach was used that allows describing the problem investigated, through the dogmatic method and the jurisprudential case, since a study of the doctrine about preventive Habeas Corpus was carried out, as well as everything developed about this figure in Ecuador. To conclude that, the legal nature of Habeas Corpus lies in the Constitutional Charter itself, which contains and establishes the safeguarding of the security of those individuals who are deprived of their freedom., El Hábeas Corpus en Ecuador es una garantía jurisdiccional destinada para salvaguardar los derechos fundamentales de los sujetos de protección, pero en ese sentido delimita su amparo conforme la Constitución del estado del Ecuador, únicamente protegiendo la libertad, La existencia y seguridad de los individuos que se encuentren privadas de su libertad. Sin embargo, de acuerdo con la evolución del derecho constitucional, la jurisprudencia ecuatoriana ha dado un tinte preventivo a aquellos hábeas corpus que se activen con el objeto de salvaguardar únicamente la integridad de una persona privada de su libertad. En ese sentido, El propósito fundamental de este estudio es examinar la naturaleza legal del Hábeas Corpus preventivo en Ecuador. Para lo cual, se empleó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo que permite describir el problema investigado, a través del método dogmático y del caso jurisprudencial, ya que se realizó un estudio de la doctrina acerca del Hábeas Corpus preventivo, así como todo lo desarrollado acerca de esta figura en el Ecuador. Para concluir que, la naturaleza jurídica del Hábeas Corpus radica en la propia Carta Constitucional, que contiene y Establece la salvaguarda de la seguridad de aquellos individuos que están privados de su libertad.

This thesis investigated the association between a healthy lifestyle and the risk of dementia. Additionally, avenues to translate this scientific knowledge into practice were explored. This thesis demonstrated that the association between a “brain”-healthy lifestyle and dementia risk is not only apparent in the often-researched Western countries, but rather that the association is apparent globally. This thesis also provided evidence that individuals who improve in terms of their lifestyle over time, on average tend to have a lower risk for dementia compared to individuals who worsen in terms of their lifestyle, when both groups started off with the same lifestyle. Further, a public health campaign on dementia risk reduction was evaluated and the feasibility of integrating ‘brain health’ as topic within the general practice was investigated. Integration of brain health within primary care indeed appeared to be feasible and thus may be a good first step towards dementia risk reduction in the Netherlands.

Background: The current mpox epidemic is most prevalent among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). Vaccination programs are being rolled-out to curb the epidemic. Behavioural measures have been called for as well, for example, by the WHO and national public health authorities to reduce the number of sexual partners and sexual activity. We investigated intentions and determinants among Dutch MSM to follow such behavioural measures. Methods: Early in July 2022, in the context of a dynamic ongoing epidemic, 394 MSM answered an online questionnaire investigating concepts such as perceived mpox risk, vaccination and behavioural change intentions and collecting socio-demographic and sexual behaviour information. Results: The overall intentions to reduce number of partners and sexual activity were high, but only a minority had developed definite intentions. Determinant analysis revealed that dating/open relationship status was a positive predictor; vaccination intentions did not predict sexual behaviour change; those not on PrEP were more likely to change their sexual behaviour. Mpox infection concern was the main predictor for behaviour change intentions. Conclusions: Our results show that behavioural measures to avoid an mpox infection are present in majority of participants in our survey, but high intentions are held by a minority. Taking the historic complexity of behavioural change pleas among MSM into account sensitive, additional public health measures are necessary to reach and to inform MSM about potential benefits of sexual behaviour change.

IntroductionFlap fixation after mastectomy has proven to be one of the most promising solutions to reduce seroma formation. Drain placement remains standard practice in many clinics, even though this may be redundant after flap fixation.MethodsThis is a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing mastectomy and wound closure using flap fixation with or without drain placement. The primary outcome measure was clinically significant seroma (CSS) incidence. The aim of this interim analysis was to assess the assumptions for the sample size calculation and to provide preliminary results.ResultsBetween July 2020 and January 2023, 112 patients were included. CSS incidence was 9.1% in the drain group and 21% in the no-drain group. In total, 10 patients were lost to follow-up. These numbers are similar to the ones used for the sample size calculation. In the drain group, three patients required interventions for wound complications compared to nine in the no-drain group (odds ratio: 3.612 [95% confidence interval: 0.898-14.537]).ConclusionThe sample size calculation seems to be correct and no protocol amendments are necessary. Current preliminary results show no significant differences in CSS incidence. Complete results should be awaited to draw a well-powered conclusion regarding drain policy after mastectomy.

This article analyzes how different psychological violence behaviors are perceived in young people, considering the severity and the sexist beliefs, to be included them as content in prevention programs. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis of the Perception of Psychological Gender Violence (PGV) scale evaluated by 888 students aged 18 to 25 years, observing four principal components through oblimin rotation, explaining 74% of the variance. Items correlates were >.59 and clustered according to loadings >.50. The order found and verified with linear regression using the intro method was affective indifference, sexist irresponsibility, coercive control violence and domination-hostility violence. We tested correlations between results dimensions and hostile and benevolent sexism but hostile sexist beliefs influenced the different perceptions of severity. We believe violent behaviors unrelated to sexism may go unnoticed and should be focus of preventive interventions. These results support specifying content for training to improve effectiveness., Este trabajo analiza cómo se perciben diferentes comportamientos de violencia psicológica en jóvenes, según la gravedad y evaluando las creencias sexistas subyacentes, para incluirlos como contenidos en programas de prevención de violencia en parejas, entendiendo la violencia de pareja como un proceso continuo. Un análisis factorial exploratorio de la escala de Percepción de Violencia de Género Psicológica con 888 estudiantes de 18 a 25 años reveló 4 componentes principales con una rotación oblimin, explicando el 74% de la varianza. Las correlaciones de los ítems fueron >.59. El orden encontrado, verificado con regresión lineal por método intro, fue: indiferencia afectiva, irresponsabilidad sexista, violencia de control coercitivo y violencia de dominación-hostilidad. Estas se correlacionaron con sexismo hostil y benevolente: solo las hostiles influyeron en diferentes percepciones de gravedad; luego, los comportamientos violentos no relacionados con sexismo podrían pasar desapercibidos. Estos resultados apoyan la especificación de contenidos a entrenar para mejorar la eficacia.

This article explores the issue of femicide in Bogotá and the State’s response through the Strategy of the Psychosocial Care Duos of the District Secretariat for Women. This strategy, in place since 2015, focuses on the interdisciplinary care of women at risk of femicide through the joint work of social workers and psycholo-gists. The research highlights the importance of this strategy for its interdisciplinary approach, sustainability across several administrations, and adaptability. In addition, it emphasizes how the strategy addresses barriers to access to justice and care by pro-viding mobile and flexible support. The article concludes that the strategy represents a good practice for the prevention of femicide and the guarantee of women’s human rights, while identifying challenges and points for improvement in the implemen-tation of this public policy., O artigo explora a problemática do feminicídio em Bogotá e a resposta do Estado através da “Estratégia das Duplas de Atendimento Psicossocial” da Se-cretaria Distrital da Mulher. Esta estratégia, vigente desde 2015, foca na atenção interdisciplinar de mulheres em risco de feminicídio, mediante o trabalho conjunto de assistentes sociais e psicólogas. A pesquisa destaca a importância desta estratégia pelo seu enfoque interdisciplinar, sua sustentabilidade ao longo de várias admi-nistrações e sua capacidade de adaptação. Além disso, sublinha a forma como a estratégia enfrenta as barreiras de acesso à justiça e ao atendimento, proporcionando um acompanhamento móvel e flexível. O artigo conclui que a Estratégia representa uma boa prática para a prevenção do feminicídio e a garantia dos direitos humanos das mulheres, ao mesmo tempo que identifica desafios e pontos para melhorar na implementação desta política pública., El artículo explora la problemática del feminicidio en Bogotá y la respuesta del Estado a través de la Estrategia de las Duplas de Atención Psicosocial de la Secretaría Distrital de la Mujer. Esta estrategia, vigente desde 2015, se enfoca en la atención interdisciplinaria de mujeres en riesgo de feminicidio, mediante el trabajo conjunto de trabajadoras sociales y psicólogas. La investigación resalta la importancia de esta estrategia por su enfoque interdisciplinario, su sostenibilidad a lo largo de varias administraciones y su capacidad de adaptación. Además, se subraya la manera como la estrategia enfrenta las barreras de acceso a la justicia y la atención, propor-cionando un acompañamiento móvil y flexible. El artículo concluye que la estrategia representa una buena práctica para la prevención del feminicidio y la garantía de los derechos humanos de las mujeres, al tiempo que identifica desafíos y puntos para mejorar en la implementación de esta política pública.

The Health Diagnosis is an instrument that contains great value for the planning of Health Services, its main purpose is to identify the health problems that afflict a geographically delimited population. The health diagnosis is traditionally made up of three substantial elements, which are considered key to understanding the health status of the population, which are: the damage to health, the determining factors, and the organized social response that is available. to address these health problems. Health problems do not occur in isolation, but are presented in close relationship with their context, which is why it is extremely important that the risk factors and etiological components of our population in which we develop are adequately known in order to be able to way to give a timely and adequate solution. The Comprehensive Diagnosis in Health is an intentional and organized process to identify, describe, analyze and evaluate a set of indicators that make it possible to ponder and determine the characteristics of a community and of the components of the health system, in order to propose pertinent actions to solving health problems. The information presented is an exposition of the reality of this community and the numerical data obtained in the analysis of the reports of the San Lucas Tepemajalco Health Establishment, directed to the General Directorate of Health Information., El Diagnóstico de Salud es un instrumento que contiene un gran valor para la planeación de los Servicios de Salud, su principal fin es identificar los problemas de salud que aquejan a una población delimitada geográficamente. El diagnóstico de salud tradicionalmente está conformado por tres elementos sustanciales, que se consideran claves para comprender el estado de salud de la población, los cuales son: los daños a la salud, los factores determinantes, y la respuesta social organizada con los que se cuenta para dar atención a estos problemas de salud. Los problemas de salud no ocurren aisladamente, sino que se presentan en estrecha relación con su contexto, por lo cual es de suma importancia que se conozcan adecuadamente los factores de riesgo y los componentes etiologicos de nuestra población en la cual nos desarrollamos para poder de esta forma dar una solución oportuna y adecuada. El Diagnóstico Integral en Salud es un proceso intencionado y organizado para identificar, describir, analizar y evaluar un conjunto de indicadores que permitan ponderar y determinar características propias de una comunidad y de los componentes del sistema de salud, con el fin de proponer acciones pertinentes para la solución de los problemas en salud. La información presentada es una exposición de la realidad de esta comunidad y de los datos numéricos obtenidos en el análisis de los informes del Establecimiento de Salud San Lucas Tepemajalco, dirigidos a la Dirección General de Información en Salud.

The scheduled substances subject to control are those listed in the annex to the Organic Law on the Comprehensive Prevention of the Socio -Economic Phenomenon of Drugs and the Regulation and Control of the Use of Scheduled Substances Subject to Control, which are classified as: a. Narcotics; b. Psychotropic; c. Chemical precursors; and, specific chemical substances. These substances are legally prohibited within the legal system since they do not allow people to actor develop in a normal and conscious manner, which is why these substances have led people to commit large -scale crimes such as drug trafficking, that is That is why the State must implement more drastic sanctions for people who commit this crime, since it is a crime that, when allowed to continue operating, will gain more strength every day until it reaches the point of becoming involved in the political coffers and operating from within a government, where its track.ing will be almost impossible, what is more, the State must eliminate the benefits that currently exist for those people who are sentenced for the crime of selling scheduled substances subject to control since the penitentiary benefit is the social rehabilitation process of the sentenced person who complies with the requirements and standards of the progressive system to carry out his or her activity outside the center for the execution of sentences in a manner controlled by the Technical Agency. Family, work, social and community integration activities will be carried out. These people must not only serve their entire sentence, but it must also be mandatory to pay for the damage done to the State. This crime covers a large number of crimes that come after the sale of drugs, but the most significant is that they attempt to against public health, a right enshrined in the constitution and a crime of outrage, the constitutional right should not have any benefit that the law grants., Las sustancias catalogadas sujetas a fiscalización son aquellas que están plasmadas en la ley como no permitjdas, las cuales se clasifican en: Estupefacientes, Psicotrópicas, Precursores químicos, entre otras, estas sustancias se encuentran legamente prohibidas dentro del ordenamiento jurídico ya que no permiten que las personas actúen o se desarrollen de una manera normal y consiente, lo que ha llevado a las personas a cometer delitos a gran escala, el Estado a través de su legislación debe implantar sanciones más drásticas a personas que cometan conductas relacionadas con la venta de drogas, ya que es un delito que al dejar que siga operando tomara cada día más fuerza hasta llegar al punto de involucrase en las arcas políticas y operar desde el interior de un gobierno, como se ha visto en experiencias históricas comparadas en América Latina. A demás de lo anterior el presente artículo considera, que el Estado deber eliminar los beneficios que existen en la actualidad para aquellas personas que son sentenciadas por operar en la de venta de "sustanc ias catalogadas sujetas a fiscalización " (COIP,2014:4) pues el beneficio penitenciario es el proceso de rehabilitación social de la o del sentenciado que cumple con los requisitos y normas del sistema progresivo para desarrollar su actividad fuera del centro de ejecución de penas de manera controlada por el Organismo Técnico. Partiendo de la teoría de la prevención general y especial del delito y de la teoría del Derecho penal del enemigo de hunter jaiko este artículo considera que los condenados por el delito de tráfico de estupefacientes no solo deben cumplir su codena completa sino que además no deben poder acceder a ningún beneficio por lo que el cometimiento de este crimen, abarca que se desate una gran cantjdad de delitos que vienen tras la venta de droga, el más considerable es que atentan contra la salud pública, un derecho consagrado en la constitución y al tratarse de una vulnerabilidad a un e

The Whistleblowing Directive and its transposition into Spanish law through the new whistleblower protection act will entail significant changes in the requirements to be met by a corporate whistleblowing channel or, also known, internal reporting system. The aim of this paper is to analyse the most relevant material implications that this will have in the field of compliance programmes., La Directiva Whistleblowing y su transposición al ordenamiento jurídico español por medio de la nueva Ley de protección de los informantes van a implicar una serie de cambios significativos en la ordenación de los requisitos que debe reunir un canal de denuncias corporativo o sistema interno de información. A través de la presente comunicación se pretenden analizar las implicaciones materiales más relevantes que ello va a suponer en el ámbito de los programas de cumplimiento normativo.

Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer type worldwide with ~ 1.8 million deaths per-year. Smoking accounts for ~ 85% of all cases, with a described joint effect with unhealthy diet in lung cancer risk increase. Public health policies to prevent carcinogens exposure, promote smoking cessation and advocacy for healthy nutrition, are therefore highly recommended. Here we have examined the benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in protecting against some non-communicable diseases including lung cancer, highlighting the epidemiological and biomolecular aspects of MedDiet anti-inflammatory effect and its interaction with smoking habits closely linked to risk of lung cancer. Considering the high incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer, we discussed also about the global impact that a Planeterranean extension of the benefits of MedDiet could have on controlling lung cancer risk. We also debated the impact of personalized nutrition on lung cancer prevention, considering individual heterogeneity in response to diet plans as well as recent advancements on nutri-omics in lung cancer research, with a specific focus on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as a promising nutritional molecular hub for lung cancer prevention. We strongly believe that a deep understanding of the molecular link between food components and genetic/epigenetics factors can expand effective intervention strategies.

Delirium is a common condition across different settings and populations. The interventions for preventing and managing this condition are still poorly known. The aim of this umbrella review is to synthesize and grade all preventative and therapeutic interventions for delirium. We searched five databases from database inception up to March 15th, 2023 and we included meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to decrease the risk of/the severity of delirium. From 1959 records after deduplication, we included 59 systematic reviews with meta-analyses, providing 110 meta-analytic estimates across populations, interventions, outcomes, settings, and age groups (485 unique RCTs, 172,045 participants). In surgery setting, for preventing delirium, high GRADE evidence supported dexmedetomidine (RR=0.53; 95%CI: 0.46–0.67, k=13, N=3988) and comprehensive geriatric assessment (OR=0.46; 95%CI=0.32–0.67, k=3, N=496) in older adults, dexmedetomidine in adults (RR=0.33, 95%CI=0.24–0.45, k=7, N=1974), A2-adrenergic agonists after induction of anesthesia (OR= 0.28, 95%CI= 0.19–0.40, k=10, N=669) in children. High certainty evidence did not support melatonergic agents in older adults for delirium prevention. Moderate certainty supported the effect of dexmedetomidine in adults and children (k=4), various non-pharmacological interventions in adults and older people (k=4), second-generation antipsychotics in adults and mixed age groups (k=3), EEG-guided anesthesia in adults (k=2), mixed pharmacological interventions (k=1), five other specific pharmacological interventions in children (k=1 each). In conclusion, our work indicates that effective treatments to prevent delirium differ across populations, settings, and age groups. Results inform future guidelines to prevent or treat delirium, accounting for safety and costs of interventions. More research is needed in non-surgical settings.