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Different crystal facets of anatase TiO2 are known to have different chemical reactivity; in particular the {001} facets which truncates the bi-tetrahedral anatase morphology are reported to be more reactive than the usually dominant {101} facets. Anatase TiO2 thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere and were characterized using Rietveld refined grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. By varying the partial O2 pressure in the deposition chamber, the degree of orientation of the grains in the film could be systematically varied with preferred <001> orientation changing from random upto 39% as determined by March-Dollase method. The orientation of the films is shown to correlate with their reactivity, as measured by photo-degradation of methylene blue in water solutions. The results have implications for fabrication of purposefully chemically reactive thin TiO2 films prepared by sputtering methods.

Different crystal facets of anatase TiO2 are known to have different chemical reactivity; in particular the {001} facets which truncates the bi-tetrahedral anatase morphology are reported to be more reactive than the usually dominant {101} facets. Anatase TiO2 thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere and were characterized using Rietveld refined grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. By varying the partial O2 pressure in the deposition chamber, the degree of orientation of the grains in the film could be systematically varied with preferred <001> orientation changing from random upto 39% as determined by March-Dollase method. The orientation of the films is shown to correlate with their reactivity, as measured by photo-degradation of methylene blue in water solutions. The results have implications for fabrication of purposefully chemically reactive thin TiO2 films prepared by sputtering methods.

Different crystal facets of anatase TiO2 are known to have different chemical reactivity; in particular the {001} facets which truncates the bi-tetrahedral anatase morphology are reported to be more reactive than the usually dominant {101} facets. Anatase TiO2 thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere and were characterized using Rietveld refined grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. By varying the partial O2 pressure in the deposition chamber, the degree of orientation of the grains in the film could be systematically varied with preferred <001> orientation changing from random upto 39% as determined by March-Dollase method. The orientation of the films is shown to correlate with their reactivity, as measured by photo-degradation of methylene blue in water solutions. The results have implications for fabrication of purposefully chemically reactive thin TiO2 films prepared by sputtering methods.

Different crystal facets of anatase TiO2 are known to have different chemical reactivity; in particular the {001} facets which truncates the bi-tetrahedral anatase morphology are reported to be more reactive than the usually dominant {101} facets. Anatase TiO2 thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere and were characterized using Rietveld refined grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. By varying the partial O2 pressure in the deposition chamber, the degree of orientation of the grains in the film could be systematically varied with preferred <001> orientation changing from random upto 39% as determined by March-Dollase method. The orientation of the films is shown to correlate with their reactivity, as measured by photo-degradation of methylene blue in water solutions. The results have implications for fabrication of purposefully chemically reactive thin TiO2 films prepared by sputtering methods.

Different crystal facets of anatase TiO2 are known to have different chemical reactivity; in particular the {001} facets which truncates the bi-tetrahedral anatase morphology are reported to be more reactive than the usually dominant {101} facets. Anatase TiO2 thin films were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering in Ar/O2 atmosphere and were characterized using Rietveld refined grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy. By varying the partial O2 pressure in the deposition chamber, the degree of orientation of the grains in the film could be systematically varied with preferred <001> orientation changing from random upto 39% as determined by March-Dollase method. The orientation of the films is shown to correlate with their reactivity, as measured by photo-degradation of methylene blue in water solutions. The results have implications for fabrication of purposefully chemically reactive thin TiO2 films prepared by sputtering methods.

How often do we hear this: “Let no one from other races ever question the rights of Malays on this land.” And its counter: “We have every right to be here. We, Chinese and Indians, have helped develop the country to what it is today.” And so it goes. Indeed, race resonates in Malaysian life. For more than 50 years now, Umno and, lately, the right-wing Malay groups like Perkasa, have reminded non-Malays of their obligations to a “social contract”. This notional contract emerged from a political necessity by the Malays to share power with the Chinese and Indians in post-independent Malaya. The understanding was that non-Malays would be allowed to stay and work in the country as long as they respected the special position of the Malays as stipulated in Article 153 of the Federal Constitution. How did this article come about?

HOW often do we hear this: "Let no one from other races ever question the rights of Malays on this land." And its counter: "We have every right to be here. We, Chinese and Indians, have helped develop the country to what it is today." And so it goes.

Hamid and I often hung out behind the school canteen during recess. He had mee rebus and cola. I had bread and water. Hamid was richer. He wore a watch and came to school by car. I cycled. Hamid's uniform was always tucked in, crisply starched. Just like his hair, which stayed in place even after PE. Tancho was the hair cream in '71.

Objective: There is evidence that increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a diet can enhance the rate of fat oxidation acutely. Higher PUFA in a diet has also been associated with greater abdominal fat loss in longer term studies. This study aimed to investigate if higher PUFA intake would result in greater fat mass loss over a 12-week period, mainly from the abdominal region. Methods: Data at the 12-week time point from two weight loss studies, both comparing high PUFA versus low PUFA diets was, accessed for 141 overweight subjects from the same area. Specifically, data on anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, body composition, waist and hip circumference, SAT, VAT) and dietary intake were analyzed. The relationship between fat mass and VAT changes was examined using a differential equation. Results: Energy consumption decreased significantly in both study groups. The low fat groups decreased total dietary fat while the HPUFA groups increased PUFA intake significantly. All anthropometric measurements reduced significantly over time but there was no difference between the two dietary groups. The relationship between fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) loss was allometric. Conclusion: A higher PUFA intake did not lead to greater fat mass loss and there was no additional preferential loss of VAT following higher PUFA consumption.

Objective: There is evidence that increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a diet can enhance the rate of fat oxidation acutely. Higher PUFA in a diet has also been associated with greater abdominal fat loss in longer term studies. This study aimed to investigate if higher PUFA intake would result in greater fat mass loss over a 12-week period, mainly from the abdominal region. Methods: Data at the 12-week time point from two weight loss studies, both comparing high PUFA versus low PUFA diets was, accessed for 141 overweight subjects from the same area. Specifically, data on anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, body composition, waist and hip circumference, SAT, VAT) and dietary intake were analyzed. The relationship between fat mass and VAT changes was examined using a differential equation. Results: Energy consumption decreased significantly in both study groups. The low fat groups decreased total dietary fat while the HPUFA groups increased PUFA intake significantly. All anthropometric measurements reduced significantly over time but there was no difference between the two dietary groups. The relationship between fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) loss was allometric. Conclusion: A higher PUFA intake did not lead to greater fat mass loss and there was no additional preferential loss of VAT following higher PUFA consumption.

Objective: There is evidence that increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a diet can enhance the rate of fat oxidation acutely. Higher PUFA in a diet has also been associated with greater abdominal fat loss in longer term studies. This study aimed to investigate if higher PUFA intake would result in greater fat mass loss over a 12-week period, mainly from the abdominal region. Methods: Data at the 12-week time point from two weight loss studies, both comparing high PUFA versus low PUFA diets was, accessed for 141 overweight subjects from the same area. Specifically, data on anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI, body composition, waist and hip circumference, SAT, VAT) and dietary intake were analyzed. The relationship between fat mass and VAT changes was examined using a differential equation. Results: Energy consumption decreased significantly in both study groups. The low fat groups decreased total dietary fat while the HPUFA groups increased PUFA intake significantly. All anthropometric measurements reduced significantly over time but there was no difference between the two dietary groups. The relationship between fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) loss was allometric. Conclusion: A higher PUFA intake did not lead to greater fat mass loss and there was no additional preferential loss of VAT following higher PUFA consumption.

This study confirms that substantial barriers to market access will remain in both rich and poor countries following full implementation of the Uruguay Round agreement. The analysis finds that approximately 40% of the costs of these barriers to developing countries arise from barriers to market access in industrial countries and 60% from barriers in developing countries themselves. The results suggest that there would be large gains to almost all regions from a round of negotiations that increased market access in the North and South. In Africa, the potential static gains from multilateral reform appear to exceed those from preferential liberalisation, without the well-known disadvantages of a preferential approach.

作為世界經濟的全球化和區域化趨勢的一部分，哥倫比亞和台灣開始的優惠貿易協定的談判與各自的周邊大國 - 美國和中國。, As part of the globalization of world economy and the growing regionalization trend, Colombia and Taiwan started the negotiation of Preferential Trade Agreements with their respective neighboring powers -the United States and China-, in a process in which individual and regional interests are at stake. This work argues that the will of creating a PTA is motivated by strategic interaction and strong political consideration under the logic of “politicized trade”from the US and China's side; while for Taiwan and Colombia it is the need of improving their economic ties with the rest of the world as well as their positions in the international order.