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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh munculnya kembali narasi perempuan yang mencerminkan strereotip yang dikonstruksikan oleh nilai-nilai patriarki yang menggambarkan perempuan sebagai individu yang pasif, lemah dan diobjektifikasi secara seksual sehingga kerap menjadi korban penindasan patriarki, perdagangan tubuh, serta tradisi ritual yang merugikan perempuan. Novel The Girl with the Louding Voice (2020) karya Abi Dare merupakan salah satu karya sastra yang berisi narasi perempuan yang membahas tentang bagaimana upaya-upaya dan proses yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dalam mendobrak stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk menganalisis bagaimana perempuan berproses dalam pendobrakan stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki dan bagaimana representasi masyarakat Nigeria digambarkan dalam novel The Girl with the Louding Voice. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis Helene Cixous dengan konsep patriarchal binary thought untuk melihat bagaimana binar oposisi didekonstruksi kemudian berada pada posisi bersebrangan: perempuan keluar dari stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki dan perubahan peran gender antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa dalam karya tersebut tergambar proses pendobrakan stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki oleh perempuan di Nigeria dan perubahan peran gender di mana mereka mampu keluar dari stereotip negatif, seperti dari posisi pathos, pasif, lemah, emosi, dependen, tidak berpendidikan, alam, malam, bulan menjadi logos, aktif, independen, berpendidikan, budaya, siang, dan matahari. Dalam proses pendobrakan stereotip ini juga didukung oleh peran sisterhood yang menjadi kunci kesukesan dalam meraih kesetaraan hak-hak perempuan, khususnya pendidikan yang merupakan bagian dari perjuangan feminisme liberal. Hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan perempuan untuk mengambil peran yang kuat dan berpengaruh dalam masyarakat. Kata

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh munculnya kembali narasi perempuan yang mencerminkan strereotip yang dikonstruksikan oleh nilai-nilai patriarki yang menggambarkan perempuan sebagai individu yang pasif, lemah dan diobjektifikasi secara seksual sehingga kerap menjadi korban penindasan patriarki, perdagangan tubuh, serta tradisi ritual yang merugikan perempuan. Novel The Girl with the Louding Voice (2020) karya Abi Dare merupakan salah satu karya sastra yang berisi narasi perempuan yang membahas tentang bagaimana upaya-upaya dan proses yang dilakukan oleh perempuan dalam mendobrak stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk menganalisis bagaimana perempuan berproses dalam pendobrakan stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki dan bagaimana representasi masyarakat Nigeria digambarkan dalam novel The Girl with the Louding Voice. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kritik sastra feminis Helene Cixous dengan konsep patriarchal binary thought untuk melihat bagaimana binar oposisi didekonstruksi kemudian berada pada posisi bersebrangan: perempuan keluar dari stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki dan perubahan peran gender antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa dalam karya tersebut tergambar proses pendobrakan stereotip nilai-nilai patriarki oleh perempuan di Nigeria dan perubahan peran gender di mana mereka mampu keluar dari stereotip negatif, seperti dari posisi pathos, pasif, lemah, emosi, dependen, tidak berpendidikan, alam, malam, bulan menjadi logos, aktif, independen, berpendidikan, budaya, siang, dan matahari. Dalam proses pendobrakan stereotip ini juga didukung oleh peran sisterhood yang menjadi kunci kesukesan dalam meraih kesetaraan hak-hak perempuan, khususnya pendidikan yang merupakan bagian dari perjuangan feminisme liberal. Hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan perempuan untuk mengambil peran yang kuat dan berpengaruh dalam masyarakat. Kata

Skripsi ini menganalisa konsekuensi dari konsumerisme di masyarakat Amerika yang tergambar pada novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk. Fokus dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menemukan penggambaran konsumerisme di novel berserta konsekuensinya yang digambarkan oleh para tokoh sebagai refleksi masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Peneliti menggunakan salah satu teori kritis Marxisme tentang konsumerisme yang diusung oleh Theodor Adorno dan Max Horkheimer. Metode analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk sebagai data utama dan berbagai sumber pendukung yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung analisis. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Adorno dan Horkheimer, peneliti menemukan enam konsekuensi konsumerisme dalam novel yang menggambarkan masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Enam konsekuensi konsumerisme itu adalah standarisasi gaya hidup, individualitas semu, fetisisme komoditas, hilangnya pemikiran kritis, kesenjangan sosial, dan pengasingan. Konsekuensi tersebut utamanya disebabkan oleh perkembangan konsumerisme sejak berakhirnya perang dunia kedua.

This research analyzes the point of view in the novel A Mercy, written by Toni Morrison. The novel is told from multiple pointss of view by eight different characters. The novel aims to share the life of Florens, who was hoped to get ‘a mercy’ by her mother. This study aims to analyze the levels of point of view and the use of multiple pointss of view in running the novel as a whole and how each of the character sees the meaning of a mercy. This study uses the approach of new criticism to investigate the point of view in Mercy. The theory was proposed by Alicia Rasley. The method used to collect data is library research, which focuses on close reading of the text and using the qualitative method to present the results of observations from the novel. Based on the research conducted, the researcher reveals two main findings. Firstly, the application of the level point of view that can be seen in the camera eye, action, perception, thought, feeling, and deep immersion. The findings present that Morrison applied all levels of point of view to the writing of A Mercy. Nevertheless, thought became the most used level. Secondly, the finding for the effectiveness of the use of multiple pointss of view is assessed by the purposes of using multiple pointss of view itself. Researcher found that the use of multiple pointss of view shows the meaning of a mercy differently to each character. Through this research, the researcher also recommends further studies to examine other issue that can be studied under the point of view.

The adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit into film shows that a children's story text can be translated. This is able to maintain the existence of a literary work. This research examines the development of the conflicts that occur in Peter Rabbit (2018) by Will Gluck as an adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter. By using Linda Hutcheon's adaptation theory, this research focuses on the development of conflicts that occur from books to films. This study uses descriptive qualitative research with library data collection methods, thus finding two results. First, a book-to-film adaptation is not just a “retelling” of the story, but many things have to be changed. There are many causes for this implication, such as: ideology, audience, film revenue considerations, and culture. Conflict is one of the elements that must be changed due to the factors above. Second, the premise of the story in the book is very different from the premise of the story in the film. Actually, the film does not retell the story in the book, but rather the film continues the story in the book, so it seems as if the story of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter is still continuing.

Skripsi ini menganalisa konsekuensi dari konsumerisme di masyarakat Amerika yang tergambar pada novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk. Fokus dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menemukan penggambaran konsumerisme di novel berserta konsekuensinya yang digambarkan oleh para tokoh sebagai refleksi masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Peneliti menggunakan salah satu teori kritis Marxisme tentang konsumerisme yang diusung oleh Theodor Adorno dan Max Horkheimer. Metode analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk sebagai data utama dan berbagai sumber pendukung yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung analisis. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Adorno dan Horkheimer, peneliti menemukan enam konsekuensi konsumerisme dalam novel yang menggambarkan masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Enam konsekuensi konsumerisme itu adalah standarisasi gaya hidup, individualitas semu, fetisisme komoditas, hilangnya pemikiran kritis, kesenjangan sosial, dan pengasingan. Konsekuensi tersebut utamanya disebabkan oleh perkembangan konsumerisme sejak berakhirnya perang dunia kedua.

Skripsi ini menganalisa konsekuensi dari konsumerisme di masyarakat Amerika yang tergambar pada novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk. Fokus dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menemukan penggambaran konsumerisme di novel berserta konsekuensinya yang digambarkan oleh para tokoh sebagai refleksi masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Peneliti menggunakan salah satu teori kritis Marxisme tentang konsumerisme yang diusung oleh Theodor Adorno dan Max Horkheimer. Metode analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk sebagai data utama dan berbagai sumber pendukung yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung analisis. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Adorno dan Horkheimer, peneliti menemukan enam konsekuensi konsumerisme dalam novel yang menggambarkan masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Enam konsekuensi konsumerisme itu adalah standarisasi gaya hidup, individualitas semu, fetisisme komoditas, hilangnya pemikiran kritis, kesenjangan sosial, dan pengasingan. Konsekuensi tersebut utamanya disebabkan oleh perkembangan konsumerisme sejak berakhirnya perang dunia kedua.

This research is a study that compares two different works, which are the novel entitled Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan (2013) and the film adaptation with the same title Crazy Rich Asians by director Jon M. Chu (2018). By using the adaptation theory by Linda Hutcheon, this thesis aims to examine how Jon M. Chu describes the lifestyle and fashion behavior of the characters, which the majority of the character are the upper class people, by looking at the three points of social stratification proposed by Max Weber, which are class, social and power. This research was carried out using a qualitative method, where the results of this research showed that there were several important differences in describing the lifestyle and fashion behavior of the characters between the novel and the film Crazy Rich Asians and grouping them into the three points of social stratification proposed by Max Weber. I argue that the lifestyle of upper-class people and fashion behavior in the novel are illuminated luxuriously on the screen. The atmosphere in the film of the lifestyle and fashion behavior strengthens the arrogant manners of high society. The novel’s social dynamics and romantic drama have been exposed with a strong ambiance for the cinematic experience for the audience.

This research analyzes the point of view in the novel A Mercy, written by Toni Morrison. The novel is told from multiple pointss of view by eight different characters. The novel aims to share the life of Florens, who was hoped to get ‘a mercy’ by her mother. This study aims to analyze the levels of point of view and the use of multiple pointss of view in running the novel as a whole and how each of the character sees the meaning of a mercy. This study uses the approach of new criticism to investigate the point of view in Mercy. The theory was proposed by Alicia Rasley. The method used to collect data is library research, which focuses on close reading of the text and using the qualitative method to present the results of observations from the novel. Based on the research conducted, the researcher reveals two main findings. Firstly, the application of the level point of view that can be seen in the camera eye, action, perception, thought, feeling, and deep immersion. The findings present that Morrison applied all levels of point of view to the writing of A Mercy. Nevertheless, thought became the most used level. Secondly, the finding for the effectiveness of the use of multiple pointss of view is assessed by the purposes of using multiple pointss of view itself. Researcher found that the use of multiple pointss of view shows the meaning of a mercy differently to each character. Through this research, the researcher also recommends further studies to examine other issue that can be studied under the point of view.

The adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit into film shows that a children's story text can be translated. This is able to maintain the existence of a literary work. This research examines the development of the conflicts that occur in Peter Rabbit (2018) by Will Gluck as an adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter. By using Linda Hutcheon's adaptation theory, this research focuses on the development of conflicts that occur from books to films. This study uses descriptive qualitative research with library data collection methods, thus finding two results. First, a book-to-film adaptation is not just a “retelling” of the story, but many things have to be changed. There are many causes for this implication, such as: ideology, audience, film revenue considerations, and culture. Conflict is one of the elements that must be changed due to the factors above. Second, the premise of the story in the book is very different from the premise of the story in the film. Actually, the film does not retell the story in the book, but rather the film continues the story in the book, so it seems as if the story of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter is still continuing.

The adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit into film shows that a children's story text can be translated. This is able to maintain the existence of a literary work. This research examines the development of the conflicts that occur in Peter Rabbit (2018) by Will Gluck as an adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter. By using Linda Hutcheon's adaptation theory, this research focuses on the development of conflicts that occur from books to films. This study uses descriptive qualitative research with library data collection methods, thus finding two results. First, a book-to-film adaptation is not just a “retelling” of the story, but many things have to be changed. There are many causes for this implication, such as: ideology, audience, film revenue considerations, and culture. Conflict is one of the elements that must be changed due to the factors above. Second, the premise of the story in the book is very different from the premise of the story in the film. Actually, the film does not retell the story in the book, but rather the film continues the story in the book, so it seems as if the story of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter is still continuing.

This research is a study that compares two different works, which are the novel entitled Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan (2013) and the film adaptation with the same title Crazy Rich Asians by director Jon M. Chu (2018). By using the adaptation theory by Linda Hutcheon, this thesis aims to examine how Jon M. Chu describes the lifestyle and fashion behavior of the characters, which the majority of the character are the upper class people, by looking at the three points of social stratification proposed by Max Weber, which are class, social and power. This research was carried out using a qualitative method, where the results of this research showed that there were several important differences in describing the lifestyle and fashion behavior of the characters between the novel and the film Crazy Rich Asians and grouping them into the three points of social stratification proposed by Max Weber. I argue that the lifestyle of upper-class people and fashion behavior in the novel are illuminated luxuriously on the screen. The atmosphere in the film of the lifestyle and fashion behavior strengthens the arrogant manners of high society. The novel’s social dynamics and romantic drama have been exposed with a strong ambiance for the cinematic experience for the audience.

Skripsi ini menganalisa konsekuensi dari konsumerisme di masyarakat Amerika yang tergambar pada novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk. Fokus dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menemukan penggambaran konsumerisme di novel berserta konsekuensinya yang digambarkan oleh para tokoh sebagai refleksi masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Peneliti menggunakan salah satu teori kritis Marxisme tentang konsumerisme yang diusung oleh Theodor Adorno dan Max Horkheimer. Metode analisa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan novel Fight Club oleh Chuck Palahniuk sebagai data utama dan berbagai sumber pendukung yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung analisis. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan teori Adorno dan Horkheimer, peneliti menemukan enam konsekuensi konsumerisme dalam novel yang menggambarkan masyarakat Amerika pada tahun 1950an hingga 1990an. Enam konsekuensi konsumerisme itu adalah standarisasi gaya hidup, individualitas semu, fetisisme komoditas, hilangnya pemikiran kritis, kesenjangan sosial, dan pengasingan. Konsekuensi tersebut utamanya disebabkan oleh perkembangan konsumerisme sejak berakhirnya perang dunia kedua.

This research analyzes the point of view in the novel A Mercy, written by Toni Morrison. The novel is told from multiple pointss of view by eight different characters. The novel aims to share the life of Florens, who was hoped to get ‘a mercy’ by her mother. This study aims to analyze the levels of point of view and the use of multiple pointss of view in running the novel as a whole and how each of the character sees the meaning of a mercy. This study uses the approach of new criticism to investigate the point of view in Mercy. The theory was proposed by Alicia Rasley. The method used to collect data is library research, which focuses on close reading of the text and using the qualitative method to present the results of observations from the novel. Based on the research conducted, the researcher reveals two main findings. Firstly, the application of the level point of view that can be seen in the camera eye, action, perception, thought, feeling, and deep immersion. The findings present that Morrison applied all levels of point of view to the writing of A Mercy. Nevertheless, thought became the most used level. Secondly, the finding for the effectiveness of the use of multiple pointss of view is assessed by the purposes of using multiple pointss of view itself. Researcher found that the use of multiple pointss of view shows the meaning of a mercy differently to each character. Through this research, the researcher also recommends further studies to examine other issue that can be studied under the point of view.

This research analyzes the point of view in the novel A Mercy, written by Toni Morrison. The novel is told from multiple pointss of view by eight different characters. The novel aims to share the life of Florens, who was hoped to get ‘a mercy’ by her mother. This study aims to analyze the levels of point of view and the use of multiple pointss of view in running the novel as a whole and how each of the character sees the meaning of a mercy. This study uses the approach of new criticism to investigate the point of view in Mercy. The theory was proposed by Alicia Rasley. The method used to collect data is library research, which focuses on close reading of the text and using the qualitative method to present the results of observations from the novel. Based on the research conducted, the researcher reveals two main findings. Firstly, the application of the level point of view that can be seen in the camera eye, action, perception, thought, feeling, and deep immersion. The findings present that Morrison applied all levels of point of view to the writing of A Mercy. Nevertheless, thought became the most used level. Secondly, the finding for the effectiveness of the use of multiple pointss of view is assessed by the purposes of using multiple pointss of view itself. Researcher found that the use of multiple pointss of view shows the meaning of a mercy differently to each character. Through this research, the researcher also recommends further studies to examine other issue that can be studied under the point of view.

This research is a study that compares two different works, which are the novel entitled Crazy Rich Asians by Kevin Kwan (2013) and the film adaptation with the same title Crazy Rich Asians by director Jon M. Chu (2018). By using the adaptation theory by Linda Hutcheon, this thesis aims to examine how Jon M. Chu describes the lifestyle and fashion behavior of the characters, which the majority of the character are the upper class people, by looking at the three points of social stratification proposed by Max Weber, which are class, social and power. This research was carried out using a qualitative method, where the results of this research showed that there were several important differences in describing the lifestyle and fashion behavior of the characters between the novel and the film Crazy Rich Asians and grouping them into the three points of social stratification proposed by Max Weber. I argue that the lifestyle of upper-class people and fashion behavior in the novel are illuminated luxuriously on the screen. The atmosphere in the film of the lifestyle and fashion behavior strengthens the arrogant manners of high society. The novel’s social dynamics and romantic drama have been exposed with a strong ambiance for the cinematic experience for the audience.

The adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit into film shows that a children's story text can be translated. This is able to maintain the existence of a literary work. This research examines the development of the conflicts that occur in Peter Rabbit (2018) by Will Gluck as an adaptation of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter. By using Linda Hutcheon's adaptation theory, this research focuses on the development of conflicts that occur from books to films. This study uses descriptive qualitative research with library data collection methods, thus finding two results. First, a book-to-film adaptation is not just a “retelling” of the story, but many things have to be changed. There are many causes for this implication, such as: ideology, audience, film revenue considerations, and culture. Conflict is one of the elements that must be changed due to the factors above. Second, the premise of the story in the book is very different from the premise of the story in the film. Actually, the film does not retell the story in the book, but rather the film continues the story in the book, so it seems as if the story of The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter is still continuing.

This thesis analyzed the “Ever After High: The Storybook of Legends” series by Shannon Hale using literary Darwinism. The theories used is adaptationist literary studies by Joseph Carroll and learned mechanism theory by Davis M. Buss. The two theories above are used to analyzed how the characters in the novel overcome stifling traditions, preserve their life, their prestige, as well as how the characters deal with, and overcome generational grooming and conditioning by their elders. This research analyzed three books in the series, using library research, I analyzed instances in the book where one). Character motives has to do with preserving their life, reputation, and creating a new idea, and two). Scenes where a character overcomes or defers to traditional values and ideas. Throughout the three novels, Hale presented several relations regarding the character’s motives and self-preservation. First, each character actively engages in self-preservation, whether or not this means adhering to societal standards or tradition. Second, those who reject tradition do so because the tradition itself is a danger to their happiness and their survival. Third, those who accept or partake in traditional custom, do so because the tradition or the status quo gives them certain privileges or advantages. The characters in the series also all engage in self-governance. Despite the differences in the way they view tradition, the author presents the characters in a way that reaffirms their unique personal identity. The characters, those who reject the tradition and upbringing that have been pushed onto them, and those who accept tradition and are participating in regeneration of tradition all demonstrate self-governance.

This thesis analyzes the issue of environmental damage and its impacts on the life of the Inuit Community in Ele Fountain’s middle-grade novel entitled Melt. The focus of this research is to find out the attitudes shown by the characters to their environment and to scrutinize the impact of environmental damage on the life of the Inuit community. The researcher applies ecocriticism as the main theory provided by Greg Garrard on the concepts of “wilderness” and “animals” and is supported by a mimetic approach by M. H. Abrams. The method of analysis is based on a qualitative descriptive method by using the novel Melt written by Ele Fountain as the primary data and other relevant sources as the secondary data. As a result of the analysis, Melt by Ele Fountain clearly represents the reality in Alaska, as proven by the similarity of data. The researcher discovered two categories of attitudes shown by the characters, which comprise the natives and the outsiders. The first category is human as preserver, which consists of loving animals, recognizing environmental change, becoming self-restraint, and respecting a mutual relationship with nature. These attitudes delineated the struggle of the natives to protect their environment from oil drilling in Alaska. The second category is human as destroyer, which comprises greedy, ignorant, abusing, and disrespecting animals. These are depictions of President Trump’s policy of oil drilling in Alaska in 2018. The natives mostly express the preserver attitudes, meanwhile, the destroyer attitudes are mostly presented by the outsiders. The researcher also found that four impacts of environmental damage affected the life of the Inuit community in Alaska. The impacts involve a food crisis, collapse of tradition and customs, reduction of land and settlement, and increase in mortality. The researcher recognizes that these impacts are the portrayal of the environmental crises that have occurred in recent decades in Alaska and the Arctic.

This thesis analyzes the issue of environmental damage and its impacts on the life of the Inuit Community in Ele Fountain’s middle-grade novel entitled Melt. The focus of this research is to find out the attitudes shown by the characters to their environment and to scrutinize the impact of environmental damage on the life of the Inuit community. The researcher applies ecocriticism as the main theory provided by Greg Garrard on the concepts of “wilderness” and “animals” and is supported by a mimetic approach by M. H. Abrams. The method of analysis is based on a qualitative descriptive method by using the novel Melt written by Ele Fountain as the primary data and other relevant sources as the secondary data. As a result of the analysis, Melt by Ele Fountain clearly represents the reality in Alaska, as proven by the similarity of data. The researcher discovered two categories of attitudes shown by the characters, which comprise the natives and the outsiders. The first category is human as preserver, which consists of loving animals, recognizing environmental change, becoming self-restraint, and respecting a mutual relationship with nature. These attitudes delineated the struggle of the natives to protect their environment from oil drilling in Alaska. The second category is human as destroyer, which comprises greedy, ignorant, abusing, and disrespecting animals. These are depictions of President Trump’s policy of oil drilling in Alaska in 2018. The natives mostly express the preserver attitudes, meanwhile, the destroyer attitudes are mostly presented by the outsiders. The researcher also found that four impacts of environmental damage affected the life of the Inuit community in Alaska. The impacts involve a food crisis, collapse of tradition and customs, reduction of land and settlement, and increase in mortality. The researcher recognizes that these impacts are the portrayal of the environmental crises that have occurred in recent decades in Alaska and the Arctic.

This research studies the portrait of otherness against black people in Antebellum America, as seen in Octavia Butler's work entitled Kindred. This research scrutinizes the similarity between the United States' condition during the slavery period and the themes presented in Kindred. The data is analyzed using qualitative methods, and the analysis result is presented descriptively. In analyzing the problem in the novel, the researcher uses the concept of otherness proposed by a postcolonial scholar named Homi Bhabha. The researcher studies the history of slavery in antebellum America first to be able to analyze otherness in Kindred deeply. The researcher notices that otherness against black people in antebellum America, as seen in Kindred, is represented by stereotypes and prejudices. Black people have to deal with negative stereotypes against them, such as being considered strange, immoral, and nothing more than animals. They also have to engage with prejudice that their masters have against them, such as being mistaken as a criminal, prostitute, and a witch or a devil. Making stereotypes and prejudices are white people's way of putting black people as others. It can lead to the justification of committing violence against black people themselves. The negative images that are associated with black people make them suffer from physical and sexual violence exercised by white people. Many masters exercise violence as a way to rule and civilize them so that they remain submissive and obedient.

ABSTRAK Shinta Oktavia, 2220741003. “Hiperrealitas Pelaksanaan Program Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Oleh PPDI Kota Padang Tahun 2021-2023”. Tesis. Padang. Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Andalas. 2023. Pembimbing I: Pramono S.S., M.Si., Ph.D., Pembimbing II: Dr. Syafril, M.Si. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan hiperrealitas pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis objek penelitian ini adalah teori dekonstruksi dari Jacques Derrida dan hiperrealitas dari Jean Baudrillard. Penelitian mengenai “Hiperrealitas Pelaksanaan Program Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Oleh PPDI Kota Padang Tahun 2021-2023” mengambil perspektif Kajian Budaya dilaksanakan dengan penelitian kualitatif. Teori dekonstruksi digunakan sebagai pendekatan kritis untuk menganalisis secara mendalam mengenai pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas oleh PPDI Kota Padang tahun 2021-2023. Lalu, untuk merinci dan menggali lebih dalam bagaimana pelaksanaan pemberdayaan dilakukan dalam praktik nyata. Penelitian ini juga mengaitkan aspek pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas dengan kerangka regulasi yang ada, seperti Undang-Undang yang relevan, sedangkan teori hiperrealitas menunjukkan perbedaan antara realitas terkait pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas dan fokus pada narasi, belum memaksimalkan kebutuhan serta harapan yang dimiliki oleh penyandang disabilitas. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada 8 kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh PPDI Kota Padang sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas. Lalu, ditemukan faktor penghambat PPDI Kota Padang dalam pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas yaitu, minimnya sumber daya terutama secara finansial, tantangan aksesibilitas, minimnya keterlibatan dan keterwakilan penyandang disabilitas yang dapat membatasi kemampuan PPDI Kota Padang untuk menyediakan program-program yang lebih luas dan berkelanjutan. Selanjutnya, dampak dari hiperrealitas program pemberdayaa

Tradisi 'Kawin Tangkap' di masyarakat Sumba yang sering kali melibatkan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan merendahkan martabat mereka. Novel Perempuan yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam menggambarkan kentalnya budaya yang membuat masyarakat mengabaikan larangan pemerintah sehingga membuat perempuan Sumba sulit melakukan perlawanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif mendalam. Teori yang digunakan berangkat dari pendekatan psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan untuk memahami perjalanan emosional pengarang melalui tokoh-tokoh dalam novel, terutama Magi Diela. Melalui konsep hasrat, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dua jenis hasrat utama yang mendominasi narasi, yaitu hasrat untuk menjadi perempuan modern yang mandiri (hasrat menjadi) dan hasrat untuk menjadi agen perubahan dalam masyarakat (hasrat memiliki). Penemuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Magi Diela dan perempuan-perempuan lainnya melalui interaksi dengan Dangu Toda, Leba Ali dan Ama Bobo menjadi simbol bagi hasrat pengarang yang ingin memiliki identitas perempuan modern dalam masyarakat adat yang seharusnya menjaga kehormatan mereka sebagai perempuan. Kehadiran tokoh-tokoh lain yang muncul melalui penandaan tokoh utama menunjukkan bahwa Dian memiliki hasrat menjadi pembawa perubahan sebagai ‘orang luar’ masyarakat tersebut. Penekanan hal tersebut disampaikan melalui kesadaran tokoh Dangu Toda menyebutkan bahwa perubahan yang diharapkan hanya dapat terwujud melalui interaksi masyarakat setempat dengan lingkungan luar yang dapat menjadikan mereka masyarakat yang terbuka.

This thesis analyzed the “Ever After High: The Storybook of Legends” series by Shannon Hale using literary Darwinism. The theories used is adaptationist literary studies by Joseph Carroll and learned mechanism theory by Davis M. Buss. The two theories above are used to analyzed how the characters in the novel overcome stifling traditions, preserve their life, their prestige, as well as how the characters deal with, and overcome generational grooming and conditioning by their elders. This research analyzed three books in the series, using library research, I analyzed instances in the book where one). Character motives has to do with preserving their life, reputation, and creating a new idea, and two). Scenes where a character overcomes or defers to traditional values and ideas. Throughout the three novels, Hale presented several relations regarding the character’s motives and self-preservation. First, each character actively engages in self-preservation, whether or not this means adhering to societal standards or tradition. Second, those who reject tradition do so because the tradition itself is a danger to their happiness and their survival. Third, those who accept or partake in traditional custom, do so because the tradition or the status quo gives them certain privileges or advantages. The characters in the series also all engage in self-governance. Despite the differences in the way they view tradition, the author presents the characters in a way that reaffirms their unique personal identity. The characters, those who reject the tradition and upbringing that have been pushed onto them, and those who accept tradition and are participating in regeneration of tradition all demonstrate self-governance.

This thesis analyzes the issue of environmental damage and its impacts on the life of the Inuit Community in Ele Fountain’s middle-grade novel entitled Melt. The focus of this research is to find out the attitudes shown by the characters to their environment and to scrutinize the impact of environmental damage on the life of the Inuit community. The researcher applies ecocriticism as the main theory provided by Greg Garrard on the concepts of “wilderness” and “animals” and is supported by a mimetic approach by M. H. Abrams. The method of analysis is based on a qualitative descriptive method by using the novel Melt written by Ele Fountain as the primary data and other relevant sources as the secondary data. As a result of the analysis, Melt by Ele Fountain clearly represents the reality in Alaska, as proven by the similarity of data. The researcher discovered two categories of attitudes shown by the characters, which comprise the natives and the outsiders. The first category is human as preserver, which consists of loving animals, recognizing environmental change, becoming self-restraint, and respecting a mutual relationship with nature. These attitudes delineated the struggle of the natives to protect their environment from oil drilling in Alaska. The second category is human as destroyer, which comprises greedy, ignorant, abusing, and disrespecting animals. These are depictions of President Trump’s policy of oil drilling in Alaska in 2018. The natives mostly express the preserver attitudes, meanwhile, the destroyer attitudes are mostly presented by the outsiders. The researcher also found that four impacts of environmental damage affected the life of the Inuit community in Alaska. The impacts involve a food crisis, collapse of tradition and customs, reduction of land and settlement, and increase in mortality. The researcher recognizes that these impacts are the portrayal of the environmental crises that have occurred in recent decades in Alaska and the Arctic.

This research studies the portrait of otherness against black people in Antebellum America, as seen in Octavia Butler's work entitled Kindred. This research scrutinizes the similarity between the United States' condition during the slavery period and the themes presented in Kindred. The data is analyzed using qualitative methods, and the analysis result is presented descriptively. In analyzing the problem in the novel, the researcher uses the concept of otherness proposed by a postcolonial scholar named Homi Bhabha. The researcher studies the history of slavery in antebellum America first to be able to analyze otherness in Kindred deeply. The researcher notices that otherness against black people in antebellum America, as seen in Kindred, is represented by stereotypes and prejudices. Black people have to deal with negative stereotypes against them, such as being considered strange, immoral, and nothing more than animals. They also have to engage with prejudice that their masters have against them, such as being mistaken as a criminal, prostitute, and a witch or a devil. Making stereotypes and prejudices are white people's way of putting black people as others. It can lead to the justification of committing violence against black people themselves. The negative images that are associated with black people make them suffer from physical and sexual violence exercised by white people. Many masters exercise violence as a way to rule and civilize them so that they remain submissive and obedient.

This thesis analyzes the issue of environmental damage and its impacts on the life of the Inuit Community in Ele Fountain’s middle-grade novel entitled Melt. The focus of this research is to find out the attitudes shown by the characters to their environment and to scrutinize the impact of environmental damage on the life of the Inuit community. The researcher applies ecocriticism as the main theory provided by Greg Garrard on the concepts of “wilderness” and “animals” and is supported by a mimetic approach by M. H. Abrams. The method of analysis is based on a qualitative descriptive method by using the novel Melt written by Ele Fountain as the primary data and other relevant sources as the secondary data. As a result of the analysis, Melt by Ele Fountain clearly represents the reality in Alaska, as proven by the similarity of data. The researcher discovered two categories of attitudes shown by the characters, which comprise the natives and the outsiders. The first category is human as preserver, which consists of loving animals, recognizing environmental change, becoming self-restraint, and respecting a mutual relationship with nature. These attitudes delineated the struggle of the natives to protect their environment from oil drilling in Alaska. The second category is human as destroyer, which comprises greedy, ignorant, abusing, and disrespecting animals. These are depictions of President Trump’s policy of oil drilling in Alaska in 2018. The natives mostly express the preserver attitudes, meanwhile, the destroyer attitudes are mostly presented by the outsiders. The researcher also found that four impacts of environmental damage affected the life of the Inuit community in Alaska. The impacts involve a food crisis, collapse of tradition and customs, reduction of land and settlement, and increase in mortality. The researcher recognizes that these impacts are the portrayal of the environmental crises that have occurred in recent decades in Alaska and the Arctic.

This thesis analyzed the “Ever After High: The Storybook of Legends” series by Shannon Hale using literary Darwinism. The theories used is adaptationist literary studies by Joseph Carroll and learned mechanism theory by Davis M. Buss. The two theories above are used to analyzed how the characters in the novel overcome stifling traditions, preserve their life, their prestige, as well as how the characters deal with, and overcome generational grooming and conditioning by their elders. This research analyzed three books in the series, using library research, I analyzed instances in the book where one). Character motives has to do with preserving their life, reputation, and creating a new idea, and two). Scenes where a character overcomes or defers to traditional values and ideas. Throughout the three novels, Hale presented several relations regarding the character’s motives and self-preservation. First, each character actively engages in self-preservation, whether or not this means adhering to societal standards or tradition. Second, those who reject tradition do so because the tradition itself is a danger to their happiness and their survival. Third, those who accept or partake in traditional custom, do so because the tradition or the status quo gives them certain privileges or advantages. The characters in the series also all engage in self-governance. Despite the differences in the way they view tradition, the author presents the characters in a way that reaffirms their unique personal identity. The characters, those who reject the tradition and upbringing that have been pushed onto them, and those who accept tradition and are participating in regeneration of tradition all demonstrate self-governance.

ABSTRAK Shinta Oktavia, 2220741003. “Hiperrealitas Pelaksanaan Program Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Oleh PPDI Kota Padang Tahun 2021-2023”. Tesis. Padang. Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Andalas. 2023. Pembimbing I: Pramono S.S., M.Si., Ph.D., Pembimbing II: Dr. Syafril, M.Si. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjelaskan hiperrealitas pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisis objek penelitian ini adalah teori dekonstruksi dari Jacques Derrida dan hiperrealitas dari Jean Baudrillard. Penelitian mengenai “Hiperrealitas Pelaksanaan Program Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Oleh PPDI Kota Padang Tahun 2021-2023” mengambil perspektif Kajian Budaya dilaksanakan dengan penelitian kualitatif. Teori dekonstruksi digunakan sebagai pendekatan kritis untuk menganalisis secara mendalam mengenai pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas oleh PPDI Kota Padang tahun 2021-2023. Lalu, untuk merinci dan menggali lebih dalam bagaimana pelaksanaan pemberdayaan dilakukan dalam praktik nyata. Penelitian ini juga mengaitkan aspek pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas dengan kerangka regulasi yang ada, seperti Undang-Undang yang relevan, sedangkan teori hiperrealitas menunjukkan perbedaan antara realitas terkait pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas dan fokus pada narasi, belum memaksimalkan kebutuhan serta harapan yang dimiliki oleh penyandang disabilitas. Dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa ada 8 kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh PPDI Kota Padang sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas. Lalu, ditemukan faktor penghambat PPDI Kota Padang dalam pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas yaitu, minimnya sumber daya terutama secara finansial, tantangan aksesibilitas, minimnya keterlibatan dan keterwakilan penyandang disabilitas yang dapat membatasi kemampuan PPDI Kota Padang untuk menyediakan program-program yang lebih luas dan berkelanjutan. Selanjutnya, dampak dari hiperrealitas program pemberdayaa

Tradisi 'Kawin Tangkap' di masyarakat Sumba yang sering kali melibatkan kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan merendahkan martabat mereka. Novel Perempuan yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam menggambarkan kentalnya budaya yang membuat masyarakat mengabaikan larangan pemerintah sehingga membuat perempuan Sumba sulit melakukan perlawanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif mendalam. Teori yang digunakan berangkat dari pendekatan psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan untuk memahami perjalanan emosional pengarang melalui tokoh-tokoh dalam novel, terutama Magi Diela. Melalui konsep hasrat, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi dua jenis hasrat utama yang mendominasi narasi, yaitu hasrat untuk menjadi perempuan modern yang mandiri (hasrat menjadi) dan hasrat untuk menjadi agen perubahan dalam masyarakat (hasrat memiliki). Penemuan dalam penelitian ini adalah Magi Diela dan perempuan-perempuan lainnya melalui interaksi dengan Dangu Toda, Leba Ali dan Ama Bobo menjadi simbol bagi hasrat pengarang yang ingin memiliki identitas perempuan modern dalam masyarakat adat yang seharusnya menjaga kehormatan mereka sebagai perempuan. Kehadiran tokoh-tokoh lain yang muncul melalui penandaan tokoh utama menunjukkan bahwa Dian memiliki hasrat menjadi pembawa perubahan sebagai ‘orang luar’ masyarakat tersebut. Penekanan hal tersebut disampaikan melalui kesadaran tokoh Dangu Toda menyebutkan bahwa perubahan yang diharapkan hanya dapat terwujud melalui interaksi masyarakat setempat dengan lingkungan luar yang dapat menjadikan mereka masyarakat yang terbuka.

This research studies the portrait of otherness against black people in Antebellum America, as seen in Octavia Butler's work entitled Kindred. This research scrutinizes the similarity between the United States' condition during the slavery period and the themes presented in Kindred. The data is analyzed using qualitative methods, and the analysis result is presented descriptively. In analyzing the problem in the novel, the researcher uses the concept of otherness proposed by a postcolonial scholar named Homi Bhabha. The researcher studies the history of slavery in antebellum America first to be able to analyze otherness in Kindred deeply. The researcher notices that otherness against black people in antebellum America, as seen in Kindred, is represented by stereotypes and prejudices. Black people have to deal with negative stereotypes against them, such as being considered strange, immoral, and nothing more than animals. They also have to engage with prejudice that their masters have against them, such as being mistaken as a criminal, prostitute, and a witch or a devil. Making stereotypes and prejudices are white people's way of putting black people as others. It can lead to the justification of committing violence against black people themselves. The negative images that are associated with black people make them suffer from physical and sexual violence exercised by white people. Many masters exercise violence as a way to rule and civilize them so that they remain submissive and obedient.

This thesis analyzed the “Ever After High: The Storybook of Legends” series by Shannon Hale using literary Darwinism. The theories used is adaptationist literary studies by Joseph Carroll and learned mechanism theory by Davis M. Buss. The two theories above are used to analyzed how the characters in the novel overcome stifling traditions, preserve their life, their prestige, as well as how the characters deal with, and overcome generational grooming and conditioning by their elders. This research analyzed three books in the series, using library research, I analyzed instances in the book where one). Character motives has to do with preserving their life, reputation, and creating a new idea, and two). Scenes where a character overcomes or defers to traditional values and ideas. Throughout the three novels, Hale presented several relations regarding the character’s motives and self-preservation. First, each character actively engages in self-preservation, whether or not this means adhering to societal standards or tradition. Second, those who reject tradition do so because the tradition itself is a danger to their happiness and their survival. Third, those who accept or partake in traditional custom, do so because the tradition or the status quo gives them certain privileges or advantages. The characters in the series also all engage in self-governance. Despite the differences in the way they view tradition, the author presents the characters in a way that reaffirms their unique personal identity. The characters, those who reject the tradition and upbringing that have been pushed onto them, and those who accept tradition and are participating in regeneration of tradition all demonstrate self-governance.

This study discusses the social injustice faced by minority citizens in America which is reflected in the children's picture books that won the Caldecott medal. Caldecott medal-winning picture books that cover this topic include Watercress by Andrea Wang and Jason Chin, The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson, Radiant Child: The Story of Young Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat by Javaka Steptoe, and Smoky Night by Eve Bunting and David Diaz. This study presents an analysis of three forms of social injustice in America against minority communities. In addition, this research also shows a solution to overcome social injustice in the four picture books for children that won the Caldecott medal. The writer uses a multicultural approach in literature to analyze this research. From this study, the writer found that social injustice is still experienced by many minority communities. Personal discrimination, police brutality, and hate crimes seem to be a widespread injustice perpetrated by the majority of society. Therefore, solutions to reduce these forms of social injustice must be realized by everyone where everyone must accept the differences that are imprinted and participate in speaking up their voices regarding this problem.

This study discusses the social injustice faced by minority citizens in America which is reflected in the children's picture books that won the Caldecott medal. Caldecott medal-winning picture books that cover this topic include Watercress by Andrea Wang and Jason Chin, The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson, Radiant Child: The Story of Young Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat by Javaka Steptoe, and Smoky Night by Eve Bunting and David Diaz. This study presents an analysis of three forms of social injustice in America against minority communities. In addition, this research also shows a solution to overcome social injustice in the four picture books for children that won the Caldecott medal. The writer uses a multicultural approach in literature to analyze this research. From this study, the writer found that social injustice is still experienced by many minority communities. Personal discrimination, police brutality, and hate crimes seem to be a widespread injustice perpetrated by the majority of society. Therefore, solutions to reduce these forms of social injustice must be realized by everyone where everyone must accept the differences that are imprinted and participate in speaking up their voices regarding this problem.

This study discusses the social injustice faced by minority citizens in America which is reflected in the children's picture books that won the Caldecott medal. Caldecott medal-winning picture books that cover this topic include Watercress by Andrea Wang and Jason Chin, The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson, Radiant Child: The Story of Young Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat by Javaka Steptoe, and Smoky Night by Eve Bunting and David Diaz. This study presents an analysis of three forms of social injustice in America against minority communities. In addition, this research also shows a solution to overcome social injustice in the four picture books for children that won the Caldecott medal. The writer uses a multicultural approach in literature to analyze this research. From this study, the writer found that social injustice is still experienced by many minority communities. Personal discrimination, police brutality, and hate crimes seem to be a widespread injustice perpetrated by the majority of society. Therefore, solutions to reduce these forms of social injustice must be realized by everyone where everyone must accept the differences that are imprinted and participate in speaking up their voices regarding this problem.

This study discusses the social injustice faced by minority citizens in America which is reflected in the children's picture books that won the Caldecott medal. Caldecott medal-winning picture books that cover this topic include Watercress by Andrea Wang and Jason Chin, The Undefeated by Kwame Alexander and Kadir Nelson, Radiant Child: The Story of Young Artist Jean-Michel Basquiat by Javaka Steptoe, and Smoky Night by Eve Bunting and David Diaz. This study presents an analysis of three forms of social injustice in America against minority communities. In addition, this research also shows a solution to overcome social injustice in the four picture books for children that won the Caldecott medal. The writer uses a multicultural approach in literature to analyze this research. From this study, the writer found that social injustice is still experienced by many minority communities. Personal discrimination, police brutality, and hate crimes seem to be a widespread injustice perpetrated by the majority of society. Therefore, solutions to reduce these forms of social injustice must be realized by everyone where everyone must accept the differences that are imprinted and participate in speaking up their voices regarding this problem.

Kurnia Hayati, 1910722028. Budaya Masyarakat Minangkabau Dalam Novel Dayon Karya Akmal Nasery Basral: Tinjauan Antropologi Sastra. Skripsi. Padang, Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya. Universitas Andalas. 2019. Pembimbing I: Dr. Fadlillah, M.Si. Pembimbing II: Dr. Zurmailis, M.A. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan mengenai budaya masyarakat Minangkabau berdasarkan tradisi dan kebudayaan dalam novel Dayon dengan menggunakan teori strukturalisme Levi Strauss. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana analisis strukturalisme Levi Strauss dalam novel Dayon yang berfokus pada makna kebudayaan pada novel. Selain itu, tradisi dan kebudayaan dalam suatu karya sastra merupakan bagian dari kajian Antropologi Sastra. Menggunakan kajian antropologi sastra dan teori Strukturalisme Levi Strauss, diawali dengan menggumpulkan segmen atau peristiwa. Dalam penjabarannya digunakan istilah episode yang terdiri dari segmen atau peristiwa. Selanjutnya, segmen tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa bagian, selanjutnya segmen tersebut akan memperlihatkan persamaan dan perbedaan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terlihat struktur tradisi dan kebudayaan masyarakat Minangkabau. Bahwasannya kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau dilandaskan oleh adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah dan alam takambang jadi guru. Di mana falsafah ini menjadi pedoman kehidupan bagi masyarakat Minangkabau. Adat didasarkan pada nilai-nilai agama Islam dan juga didasarkan oleh alam yang menjadi guru kehidupan. Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah, penelitian ini menghasilkan makna budaya masyarakat Minangkabau yang terdapat dalam Novel Dayon Karya Akmal Nasery Basral: adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah dan alam takambang jadi guru sebagai pedoman kehidupan, mitos dan legenda sebagai suatu kepercayaan masyarakat yang turun temurun, surau dan merantau sebagai tradisi masyarakat yang melatih seorang anak menjadi pribadi yang mandiri, permainan rakyat yang memiliki peran penting

This research analyzes the medium specificities of a novelization titled Star Wars: The Force Unleashed which was written by Sean William in 2008 and compares it with the original video game version that was released by LucasArts in the same year. This research aims to find out the uniqueness of the novel adaptation of The Force Unleashed that the video game does not have and vice versa. This research uses the theory of medium specificity that was proposed by Linda Hutcheon in her book A Theory of Adaptation (2012) and the medium specificity theory that is popularized by Clement Greenberg. The writer uses a qualitative method in conducting the research. The result shows medium specificities found in the novelization show a significant innovation in terms of converting the specificities from the video game that cannot be implemented in the novel. However, the medium specificities presented in the novel also give less freedom to the audience compared to the video game. While the novelization’s specific features are well-executed and make more sense compared to the video game, the novelization can be rather stiff and too linear as an adaptation of the video game.

Pandangan dunia menjadi mediasi antara karya sastra dengan masyarakat. Pada penelitian ini diteliti pandangan dunia Khairul Jasmi dalam novel Perempuan yang Mendahului Zaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk menjelaskan pandangan dunia Khairul Jasmi dalam novel Perempuan yang Mendahului Zaman yang menjadi mediasi antara struktur dalam novel tersebut dengan struktur yang ada di masyarakat. Struktur yang dimaksud merupakan produk dari proses sejarah yang terus berlansung, proses strukturasi dan destrukturasi yang hidup dan dihayati oleh masyarakat karya sastra bersangkutan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah strukturalisme genetik Goldmann yang mempercayai bahwa karya sastra merupakan sebuah struktur bermakna. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah Khairul Jasmi menggambarkan pandangan dunianya tentang nilai-nilai otentik yang berusaha diwujudkan sebagai pandangan dunia epik. Nilai-nilai otentik yang ada dalam novel Perempuan yang Mendahului Zaman melalui pandangan dunia Khairul Jasmi tersebut, yaitu (1) kesetaraan kedudukan antara perempuan dan laki-laki diwujudkan dengan memberikan pendidikan Islam bagi perempuan, (2) pentingnya perkembangan kemampuan spiritual dan sosial perempuan untuk mewujudkan kesetaraan itu, dan (3) pembaharuan pemikiran terhadap perempuan disesuaikan dengan ajaran agama Islam sehingga pemahaman tentang kesetaraan perempuan dan laki-laki itu diterima di masyarakat.

This research analyzes the medium specificities of a novelization titled Star Wars: The Force Unleashed which was written by Sean William in 2008 and compares it with the original video game version that was released by LucasArts in the same year. This research aims to find out the uniqueness of the novel adaptation of The Force Unleashed that the video game does not have and vice versa. This research uses the theory of medium specificity that was proposed by Linda Hutcheon in her book A Theory of Adaptation (2012) and the medium specificity theory that is popularized by Clement Greenberg. The writer uses a qualitative method in conducting the research. The result shows medium specificities found in the novelization show a significant innovation in terms of converting the specificities from the video game that cannot be implemented in the novel. However, the medium specificities presented in the novel also give less freedom to the audience compared to the video game. While the novelization’s specific features are well-executed and make more sense compared to the video game, the novelization can be rather stiff and too linear as an adaptation of the video game.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas tingkatan hegemoni dan menilik pemanfaatan hegemoni oleh penguasa dalam novel Imarah Ya’qubian. Data penelitian diambil dari novel Imarah Ya’qubian karya ‘Ala Al Aswany. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literatur dan teknik analisis, yaitu membaca, merekap, lalu mencatat secara deskriptif dan reflektif. Adapun teknik analisis data ialah berupa identifikasi, klasifikasi, dan analisis sesuai dengan teori yang dikemukakan Antonio Gramsci. Metode penelitian analisis ini, menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan teori hegemoni Antonio Gramsci. Objek penellitian adalah novel Imarah Ya’qoubiyan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam tingkatan hegemoni, ditemukan hegemoni integral sebanyak 68 data; hegemoni merosot sebanyak 22 data; dan hegemoni minimum sebanyak 23 data. Ini mengindikasikan bahwa penunjukan strata sosial masyarakat Mesir dalam novel Imarah Ya’qoubiyan lebih cenderung meniadakan intervensi secara diktator dan despotis. Ini terbukti dari dominan daya konsensus yang terkonstruk, hegemoni berhasil diciptakan dengan penerimaan diplomatis sebab terdapat relasi mutual.Adapun pada pemanfaatan hegemoni oleh kelas dominan, ditemukan untuk kepentingan kelas/sosial dengan kuantitas 53 data; kepentingan ekonomi sebanyak 26 data; kepentingan politik dengan 19 data; dan kepentingan ideologi sebanyak 15 data.Ini menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan kelas atas untuk menunjukkan identitasnya dalam struktur sosial kala itu mendominasi. Hal ini karena berbagai gejolak yang terjadi dalam aspek politik, ekonomi, dan sosial dalam novel Imarah Ya’qoubiyan, identitas golongan atas menjadi kecenderungan yang dimenangkan secara konsensus.

Kurnia Hayati, 1910722028. Budaya Masyarakat Minangkabau Dalam Novel Dayon Karya Akmal Nasery Basral: Tinjauan Antropologi Sastra. Skripsi. Padang, Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya. Universitas Andalas. 2019. Pembimbing I: Dr. Fadlillah, M.Si. Pembimbing II: Dr. Zurmailis, M.A. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan mengenai budaya masyarakat Minangkabau berdasarkan tradisi dan kebudayaan dalam novel Dayon dengan menggunakan teori strukturalisme Levi Strauss. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana analisis strukturalisme Levi Strauss dalam novel Dayon yang berfokus pada makna kebudayaan pada novel. Selain itu, tradisi dan kebudayaan dalam suatu karya sastra merupakan bagian dari kajian Antropologi Sastra. Menggunakan kajian antropologi sastra dan teori Strukturalisme Levi Strauss, diawali dengan menggumpulkan segmen atau peristiwa. Dalam penjabarannya digunakan istilah episode yang terdiri dari segmen atau peristiwa. Selanjutnya, segmen tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi beberapa bagian, selanjutnya segmen tersebut akan memperlihatkan persamaan dan perbedaan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terlihat struktur tradisi dan kebudayaan masyarakat Minangkabau. Bahwasannya kehidupan masyarakat Minangkabau dilandaskan oleh adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah dan alam takambang jadi guru. Di mana falsafah ini menjadi pedoman kehidupan bagi masyarakat Minangkabau. Adat didasarkan pada nilai-nilai agama Islam dan juga didasarkan oleh alam yang menjadi guru kehidupan. Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah, penelitian ini menghasilkan makna budaya masyarakat Minangkabau yang terdapat dalam Novel Dayon Karya Akmal Nasery Basral: adat basandi syarak, syarak basandi kitabullah dan alam takambang jadi guru sebagai pedoman kehidupan, mitos dan legenda sebagai suatu kepercayaan masyarakat yang turun temurun, surau dan merantau sebagai tradisi masyarakat yang melatih seorang anak menjadi pribadi yang mandiri, permainan rakyat yang memiliki peran penting