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In this work, a tetrafunctional epoxy resin entitled 2,3,4,5-tetraglycidyloxy pentanal (TGP) was tested and investigated as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The corrosion inhibition process for mild steel was employed alongside various techniques, such as potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), temperature effect (TE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and theoretical approaches (DFT, MC, RDF and MD). Further, the corrosion efficacies obtained at the optimum concentration (10−3 M of the TGP) were 85.5% (EIS) and 88.6% (PDP), respectively. The PDP results indicated that the TGP tetrafunctional epoxy resin acted the same as an anodic inhibitor type in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. SEM and EDS analyses found that the protective layer formed on the MS electrode surface in the presence of TGP could prevent the attack of the sulfur ions. The DFT calculation provided more information regarding the reactivity, geometric properties and the active centers of the corrosion inhibitory efficiency of the tested epoxy resin. RDF, MC and MD simulations showed that the investigated inhibitory resin have a maximum inhibition efficiency in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution.