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1. Ecosystem-scale volatile organic compound fluxes during an extreme drought in a broadleaf temperate forest of the Missouri Ozarks (central USA).

Author

Seco, Roger, Seco, Roger, Karl, Thomas, Guenther, Alex, Hosman, Kevin P, Pallardy, Stephen G, Gu, Lianhong, Geron, Chris, Harley, Peter, Kim, Saewung, Seco, Roger, Seco, Roger, Karl, Thomas, Guenther, Alex, Hosman, Kevin P, Pallardy, Stephen G, Gu, Lianhong, Geron, Chris, Harley, Peter, and Kim, Saewung

Abstract

Considerable amounts and varieties of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are exchanged between vegetation and the surrounding air. These BVOCs play key ecological and atmospheric roles that must be adequately represented for accurately modeling the coupled biosphere-atmosphere-climate earth system. One key uncertainty in existing models is the response of BVOC fluxes to an important global change process: drought. We describe the diurnal and seasonal variation in isoprene, monoterpene, and methanol fluxes from a temperate forest ecosystem before, during, and after an extreme 2012 drought event in the Ozark region of the central USA. BVOC fluxes were dominated by isoprene, which attained high emission rates of up to 35.4 mg m(-2)  h(-1) at midday. Methanol fluxes were characterized by net deposition in the morning, changing to a net emission flux through the rest of the daylight hours. Net flux of CO2 reached its seasonal maximum approximately a month earlier than isoprenoid fluxes, which highlights the differential response of photosynthesis and isoprenoid emissions to progressing drought conditions. Nevertheless, both processes were strongly suppressed under extreme drought, although isoprene fluxes remained relatively high compared to reported fluxes from other ecosystems. Methanol exchange was less affected by drought throughout the season, confirming the complex processes driving biogenic methanol fluxes. The fraction of daytime (7-17 h) assimilated carbon released back to the atmosphere combining the three BVOCs measured was 2% of gross primary productivity (GPP) and 4.9% of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) on average for our whole measurement campaign, while exceeding 5% of GPP and 10% of NEE just before the strongest drought phase. The meganv2.1 model correctly predicted diurnal variations in fluxes driven mainly by light and temperature, although further research is needed to address model BVOC fluxes during drought events.

Published
2015

2. Ecosystem-scale volatile organic compound fluxes during an extreme drought in a broadleaf temperate forest of the Missouri Ozarks (central USA).

Author

Seco, Roger, Seco, Roger, Karl, Thomas, Guenther, Alex, Hosman, Kevin P, Pallardy, Stephen G, Gu, Lianhong, Geron, Chris, Harley, Peter, Kim, Saewung, Seco, Roger, Seco, Roger, Karl, Thomas, Guenther, Alex, Hosman, Kevin P, Pallardy, Stephen G, Gu, Lianhong, Geron, Chris, Harley, Peter, and Kim, Saewung

Abstract

Considerable amounts and varieties of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are exchanged between vegetation and the surrounding air. These BVOCs play key ecological and atmospheric roles that must be adequately represented for accurately modeling the coupled biosphere-atmosphere-climate earth system. One key uncertainty in existing models is the response of BVOC fluxes to an important global change process: drought. We describe the diurnal and seasonal variation in isoprene, monoterpene, and methanol fluxes from a temperate forest ecosystem before, during, and after an extreme 2012 drought event in the Ozark region of the central USA. BVOC fluxes were dominated by isoprene, which attained high emission rates of up to 35.4 mg m(-2)  h(-1) at midday. Methanol fluxes were characterized by net deposition in the morning, changing to a net emission flux through the rest of the daylight hours. Net flux of CO2 reached its seasonal maximum approximately a month earlier than isoprenoid fluxes, which highlights the differential response of photosynthesis and isoprenoid emissions to progressing drought conditions. Nevertheless, both processes were strongly suppressed under extreme drought, although isoprene fluxes remained relatively high compared to reported fluxes from other ecosystems. Methanol exchange was less affected by drought throughout the season, confirming the complex processes driving biogenic methanol fluxes. The fraction of daytime (7-17 h) assimilated carbon released back to the atmosphere combining the three BVOCs measured was 2% of gross primary productivity (GPP) and 4.9% of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) on average for our whole measurement campaign, while exceeding 5% of GPP and 10% of NEE just before the strongest drought phase. The meganv2.1 model correctly predicted diurnal variations in fluxes driven mainly by light and temperature, although further research is needed to address model BVOC fluxes during drought events.

Published
2015

3. Asymmetrical effects of mesophyll conductance on fundamental photosynthetic parameters and their relationships estimated from leaf gas exchange measurements

Author

Sun, Ying, Gu, Lianhong, Dickinson, Robert E., Pallardy, Stephen G., Baker, John, Cao, Yonghui, Damatta, Fábio Murilo, Dong, Xuejun, Ellsworth, David, Van Goethem, Davina, Jensen, Anna M., Law, Beverly E., Loos, Rodolfo, Martins, Samuel C. Vitor, Norby, Richard J., Warren, Jeffrey M., Weston, David, Winter, Klaus, Sun, Ying, Gu, Lianhong, Dickinson, Robert E., Pallardy, Stephen G., Baker, John, Cao, Yonghui, Damatta, Fábio Murilo, Dong, Xuejun, Ellsworth, David, Van Goethem, Davina, Jensen, Anna M., Law, Beverly E., Loos, Rodolfo, Martins, Samuel C. Vitor, Norby, Richard J., Warren, Jeffrey M., Weston, David, and Winter, Klaus

Abstract

Worldwide measurements of nearly 130 C3 species covering all major plant functional types are analysed in conjunction with model simulations to determine the effects of mesophyll conductance (gm) on photosynthetic parameters and their relationships estimated fromA/Ci curves. We find that an assumption of infinite gm results in up to 75% underestimation for maximum carboxylation rate Vcmax, 60% for maximum electron transport rate Jmax, and 40% for triose phosphate utilization rate Tu. Vcmax is most sensitive, Jmax is less sensitive, and Tuhas the least sensitivity to the variation of gm. Because of this asymmetrical effect of gm, the ratios of Jmax to Vcmax, Tu to Vcmax and Tu toJmax are all overestimated. An infinite gm assumption also limits the freedom of variation of estimated parameters and artificially constrains parameter relationships to stronger shapes. These findings suggest the importance of quantifying gm for understanding in situphotosynthetic machinery functioning. We show that a nonzero resistance to CO2 movement in chloroplasts has small effects on estimated parameters. A non-linear function with gm as input is developed to convert the parameters estimated under an assumption of infinite gm to proper values. This function will facilitate gm representation in global carbon cycle models.

Published
2014
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5. Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author

Yi, Chuixiang, Ricciuto, Daniel, Li, Runze, Wolbeck, John, Xu, Xiyan, Nilsson, Mats, Aires, Luis, Albertson, John D., Amman, Christoph, Arain, M. Altaf, de Araujo, Alessandro C., Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Barcza, Zoltan, Barr, Alan, Berbigier, Paul, Beringer, Jason, Bernhofer, Christian, Black, Andrew T., Bolstad, Paul V., Bosveld, Fred C., Broadmeadow, Mark S.J., Buchmann, Nina, Burns, Sean P., Cellier, Pierre, Chen, Jingming, Chen, Jiquan, Ciais, Philippe, Clement, Robert, Cook, Bruce D., Curtis, Peter S., Dail, D Bryan., Dellwik, Ebba, Delpierre, Nicolas, Desai, Ankur R., Dore, Sabina, Dragoni, Danilo, Drake, Bert G., Dufrene, Eric., Dunn, Allison., Elbers, Jan, Eugster, Werner, Falk, Matthias, Feigenwinter, Christian, Flanagan, Lawrence B., Foken, Thomas, Frank, John, Fuhrer, Juerg, Gianelle, Damiano, Golstein, Allen, Goulden, Mike, Granier, Andre, Grunwald, Thomas, Gu, Lianhong, Guo, Haiqiang, Hammerle, Albin, Han, Shijie, Hanan, Niall P., Haszpra, Laszlo, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hendriks, Dimmie, Hutley, Lindsey B., Ibrom, Andreas, Jacobs, Cor, Johansson, Torbjorn, Jongen, Marjan, Katul, Gabriel, Kiely, Gerard, Klumpp, Katja, Knohl, Alexander, Kolb, Thomas, Kutsch, Werner L., Lafleur, Peter, Laurila, Tuomas, Leuning, Ray, Lindroth, Anders, Liu, Heping, Loubet, Benjamin, Manca, Giovanni, Marek, Michal, Margolis, Hank A., Martin, Timothy A., Massman, William J., Matamala, Roser, Matteucci, Giorgio, McCaughey, Harry, Merbold, Lutz, Meyers, Tilden, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miglietta, Franco, Misson, Laurent, Molder, Meelis, Moncrieff, John, Monson, Russell K., Montagnani, Leonardo, Montes-Helu, Mario, Moors, Eddy, Moureaux, Christine, Mukelabai, Mukufute M., Munger, J .William, Myklebust, May, Nagy, Zoltan, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter, Oren, Ram, Pallardy, Stephen G., Paw U, Kyaw Tha, Pereira, Joao S., Pilegaard, Kim, Pinter, Krisztina, Pio, Casimiro, Pita, Gabriel, Powell, Thomas L., Rambal, Serge, Randerson, James T., von Randow, Celso, Rebmann, Corinna, Rinne, Janne, Rossi, Federica, Roulet, Nigel, Ryel, Ronald J., Sagerfors, Jorgen, Saigusa, Nobuko, Sanz, Maria Jose, Scarascia Mugnozza, Giuseppe, Schmid, Hans Peter, Seufert, Guenther, Siqueira, Mario, Soussana, Jean-Francois, Starr, Gregory, Sutton, Mark A., Tenhunen, John, Tuba, Zoltan, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Valentini, Riccardo, Vogel, Christoph S., Wang, Jingxin, Wang, Shaoqiang, Wang, Weiguo, Welp, Lisa R., Wen, Xuefa, Wharton, Sonia, Wilkinson, Matthew, Williams, Christopher A., Wohlfahrt, Georg, Yamamoto, Susumu, Yu, Guirui, Zampedri, Roberto, Zhao, Bin, Zhao, Xinquan, Yi, Chuixiang, Ricciuto, Daniel, Li, Runze, Wolbeck, John, Xu, Xiyan, Nilsson, Mats, Aires, Luis, Albertson, John D., Amman, Christoph, Arain, M. Altaf, de Araujo, Alessandro C., Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Barcza, Zoltan, Barr, Alan, Berbigier, Paul, Beringer, Jason, Bernhofer, Christian, Black, Andrew T., Bolstad, Paul V., Bosveld, Fred C., Broadmeadow, Mark S.J., Buchmann, Nina, Burns, Sean P., Cellier, Pierre, Chen, Jingming, Chen, Jiquan, Ciais, Philippe, Clement, Robert, Cook, Bruce D., Curtis, Peter S., Dail, D Bryan., Dellwik, Ebba, Delpierre, Nicolas, Desai, Ankur R., Dore, Sabina, Dragoni, Danilo, Drake, Bert G., Dufrene, Eric., Dunn, Allison., Elbers, Jan, Eugster, Werner, Falk, Matthias, Feigenwinter, Christian, Flanagan, Lawrence B., Foken, Thomas, Frank, John, Fuhrer, Juerg, Gianelle, Damiano, Golstein, Allen, Goulden, Mike, Granier, Andre, Grunwald, Thomas, Gu, Lianhong, Guo, Haiqiang, Hammerle, Albin, Han, Shijie, Hanan, Niall P., Haszpra, Laszlo, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hendriks, Dimmie, Hutley, Lindsey B., Ibrom, Andreas, Jacobs, Cor, Johansson, Torbjorn, Jongen, Marjan, Katul, Gabriel, Kiely, Gerard, Klumpp, Katja, Knohl, Alexander, Kolb, Thomas, Kutsch, Werner L., Lafleur, Peter, Laurila, Tuomas, Leuning, Ray, Lindroth, Anders, Liu, Heping, Loubet, Benjamin, Manca, Giovanni, Marek, Michal, Margolis, Hank A., Martin, Timothy A., Massman, William J., Matamala, Roser, Matteucci, Giorgio, McCaughey, Harry, Merbold, Lutz, Meyers, Tilden, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miglietta, Franco, Misson, Laurent, Molder, Meelis, Moncrieff, John, Monson, Russell K., Montagnani, Leonardo, Montes-Helu, Mario, Moors, Eddy, Moureaux, Christine, Mukelabai, Mukufute M., Munger, J .William, Myklebust, May, Nagy, Zoltan, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter, Oren, Ram, Pallardy, Stephen G., Paw U, Kyaw Tha, Pereira, Joao S., Pilegaard, Kim, Pinter, Krisztina, Pio, Casimiro, Pita, Gabriel, Powell, Thomas L., Rambal, Serge, Randerson, James T., von Randow, Celso, Rebmann, Corinna, Rinne, Janne, Rossi, Federica, Roulet, Nigel, Ryel, Ronald J., Sagerfors, Jorgen, Saigusa, Nobuko, Sanz, Maria Jose, Scarascia Mugnozza, Giuseppe, Schmid, Hans Peter, Seufert, Guenther, Siqueira, Mario, Soussana, Jean-Francois, Starr, Gregory, Sutton, Mark A., Tenhunen, John, Tuba, Zoltan, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Valentini, Riccardo, Vogel, Christoph S., Wang, Jingxin, Wang, Shaoqiang, Wang, Weiguo, Welp, Lisa R., Wen, Xuefa, Wharton, Sonia, Wilkinson, Matthew, Williams, Christopher A., Wohlfahrt, Georg, Yamamoto, Susumu, Yu, Guirui, Zampedri, Roberto, Zhao, Bin, and Zhao, Xinquan

Abstract

Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate–carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid- and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid- and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45◦N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at ∼16 ◦C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.

Published
2010

6. Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author

Yi, Chuixiang, Ricciuto, Daniel, Li, Runze, Wolbeck, John, Xu, Xiyan, Nilsson, Mats, Aires, Luis, Albertson, John D, Ammann, Christof, Arain, M Altaf, de Araujo, Alessandro C, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Barcza, Zoltán, Barr, Alan, Berbigier, Paul, Beringer, Jason, Bernhofer, Christian, Black, Andrew T, Bolstad, Paul V, Bosveld, Fred C, Broadmeadow, Mark S J, Buchmann, Nina, Burns, Sean P, Cellier, Pierre, Chen, Jingming, Chen, Jiquan, Ciais, Philippe, Clement, Robert, Cook, Bruce D, Curtis, Peter S, Dail, D Bryan, Dellwik, Ebba, Delpierre, Nicolas, Desai, Ankur R, Dore, Sabina, Dragoni, Danilo, Drake, Bert G., Dufrêne, Eric, Dunn, Allison, Elbers, Jan, Eugster, Werner, Falk, Matthias, Feigenwinter, Christian, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Foken, Thomas, Frank, John, Fuhrer, Juerg, Gianelle, Damiano, Goldstein, Allen, Goulden, Mike, Granier, Andre, Grünwald, Thomas, Gu, Lianhong, Guo, Haiqiang, Hammerle, Albin, Han, Shijie, Hanan, Niall P, Haszpra, László, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hendriks, Dimmie, Hutley, Lindsay B, Ibrom, Andreas, Jacobs, Cor, Johansson, Torbjörn, Jongen, Marjan, Katul, Gabriel, Kiely, Gerard, Klumpp, Katja, Knohl, Alexander, Kolb, Thomas, Kutsch, Werner L, Lafleur, Peter, Laurila, Tuomas, Leuning, Ray, Lindroth, Anders, Liu, Heping, Loubet, Benjamin, Manca, Giovanni, Marek, Michal, Margolis, Hank A, Martin, Timothy A, Massman, William J, Matamala, Roser, Matteucci, Giorgio, McCaughey, Harry, Merbold, Lutz, Meyers, Tilden, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miglietta, Franco, Misson, Laurent, Mölder, Meelis, Moncrieff, John, Monson, Russell K, Montagnani, Leonardo, Montes-Helu, Mario, Moors, Eddy, Moureaux, Christine, Mukelabai, Mukufute M, Munger, J William, Myklebust, May, Nagy, Zoltán, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter, Oren, Ram, Pallardy, Stephen G, Paw U, Kyaw Tha, Pereira, João S, Pilegaard, Kim, Pintér, Krisztina, Pio, Casimiro, Pita, Gabriel, Powell, Thomas L, Rambal, Serge, Randerson, James T, von Randow, Celso, Rebmann, Corinna, Rinne, Janne, Rossi, Federica, Roulet, Nigel, Ryel, Ronald J, Sagerfors, Jorgen, Saigusa, Nobuko, Sanz, María José, Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia, Schmid, Hans Peter, Seufert, Guenther, Siqueira, Mario, Soussana, Jean-François, Starr, Gregory, Sutton, Mark A, Tenhunen, John, Tuba, Zoltán, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Valentini, Riccardo, Vogel, Christoph S, Wang, Jingxin, Wang, Shaoqiang, Wang, Weiguo, Welp, Lisa R, Wen, Xuefa, Wharton, Sonia, Wilkinson, Matthew, Williams, Christopher A, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Yamamoto, Susumu, Yu, Guirui, Zampedri, Roberto, Zhao, Bin, Zhao, Xinquan, Yi, Chuixiang, Ricciuto, Daniel, Li, Runze, Wolbeck, John, Xu, Xiyan, Nilsson, Mats, Aires, Luis, Albertson, John D, Ammann, Christof, Arain, M Altaf, de Araujo, Alessandro C, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Barcza, Zoltán, Barr, Alan, Berbigier, Paul, Beringer, Jason, Bernhofer, Christian, Black, Andrew T, Bolstad, Paul V, Bosveld, Fred C, Broadmeadow, Mark S J, Buchmann, Nina, Burns, Sean P, Cellier, Pierre, Chen, Jingming, Chen, Jiquan, Ciais, Philippe, Clement, Robert, Cook, Bruce D, Curtis, Peter S, Dail, D Bryan, Dellwik, Ebba, Delpierre, Nicolas, Desai, Ankur R, Dore, Sabina, Dragoni, Danilo, Drake, Bert G., Dufrêne, Eric, Dunn, Allison, Elbers, Jan, Eugster, Werner, Falk, Matthias, Feigenwinter, Christian, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Foken, Thomas, Frank, John, Fuhrer, Juerg, Gianelle, Damiano, Goldstein, Allen, Goulden, Mike, Granier, Andre, Grünwald, Thomas, Gu, Lianhong, Guo, Haiqiang, Hammerle, Albin, Han, Shijie, Hanan, Niall P, Haszpra, László, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hendriks, Dimmie, Hutley, Lindsay B, Ibrom, Andreas, Jacobs, Cor, Johansson, Torbjörn, Jongen, Marjan, Katul, Gabriel, Kiely, Gerard, Klumpp, Katja, Knohl, Alexander, Kolb, Thomas, Kutsch, Werner L, Lafleur, Peter, Laurila, Tuomas, Leuning, Ray, Lindroth, Anders, Liu, Heping, Loubet, Benjamin, Manca, Giovanni, Marek, Michal, Margolis, Hank A, Martin, Timothy A, Massman, William J, Matamala, Roser, Matteucci, Giorgio, McCaughey, Harry, Merbold, Lutz, Meyers, Tilden, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miglietta, Franco, Misson, Laurent, Mölder, Meelis, Moncrieff, John, Monson, Russell K, Montagnani, Leonardo, Montes-Helu, Mario, Moors, Eddy, Moureaux, Christine, Mukelabai, Mukufute M, Munger, J William, Myklebust, May, Nagy, Zoltán, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter, Oren, Ram, Pallardy, Stephen G, Paw U, Kyaw Tha, Pereira, João S, Pilegaard, Kim, Pintér, Krisztina, Pio, Casimiro, Pita, Gabriel, Powell, Thomas L, Rambal, Serge, Randerson, James T, von Randow, Celso, Rebmann, Corinna, Rinne, Janne, Rossi, Federica, Roulet, Nigel, Ryel, Ronald J, Sagerfors, Jorgen, Saigusa, Nobuko, Sanz, María José, Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia, Schmid, Hans Peter, Seufert, Guenther, Siqueira, Mario, Soussana, Jean-François, Starr, Gregory, Sutton, Mark A, Tenhunen, John, Tuba, Zoltán, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Valentini, Riccardo, Vogel, Christoph S, Wang, Jingxin, Wang, Shaoqiang, Wang, Weiguo, Welp, Lisa R, Wen, Xuefa, Wharton, Sonia, Wilkinson, Matthew, Williams, Christopher A, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Yamamoto, Susumu, Yu, Guirui, Zampedri, Roberto, Zhao, Bin, and Zhao, Xinquan

Abstract

Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate–carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid- and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid- and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45°N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at ~ 16 °C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.

Published
2010

7. Climate control of terrestrial carbon exchange across biomes and continents

Author

Yi, Chuixiang, Ricciuto, Daniel, Li, Runze, Wolbeck, John, Xu, Xiyan, Nilsson, Mats, Aires, Luis, Albertson, John D, Ammann, Christof, Arain, M Altaf, de Araujo, Alessandro C, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Barcza, Zoltán, Barr, Alan, Berbigier, Paul, Beringer, Jason, Bernhofer, Christian, Black, Andrew T, Bolstad, Paul V, Bosveld, Fred C, Broadmeadow, Mark S J, Buchmann, Nina, Burns, Sean P, Cellier, Pierre, Chen, Jingming, Chen, Jiquan, Ciais, Philippe, Clement, Robert, Cook, Bruce D, Curtis, Peter S, Dail, D Bryan, Dellwik, Ebba, Delpierre, Nicolas, Desai, Ankur R, Dore, Sabina, Dragoni, Danilo, Drake, Bert G., Dufrêne, Eric, Dunn, Allison, Elbers, Jan, Eugster, Werner, Falk, Matthias, Feigenwinter, Christian, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Foken, Thomas, Frank, John, Fuhrer, Juerg, Gianelle, Damiano, Goldstein, Allen, Goulden, Mike, Granier, Andre, Grünwald, Thomas, Gu, Lianhong, Guo, Haiqiang, Hammerle, Albin, Han, Shijie, Hanan, Niall P, Haszpra, László, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hendriks, Dimmie, Hutley, Lindsay B, Ibrom, Andreas, Jacobs, Cor, Johansson, Torbjörn, Jongen, Marjan, Katul, Gabriel, Kiely, Gerard, Klumpp, Katja, Knohl, Alexander, Kolb, Thomas, Kutsch, Werner L, Lafleur, Peter, Laurila, Tuomas, Leuning, Ray, Lindroth, Anders, Liu, Heping, Loubet, Benjamin, Manca, Giovanni, Marek, Michal, Margolis, Hank A, Martin, Timothy A, Massman, William J, Matamala, Roser, Matteucci, Giorgio, McCaughey, Harry, Merbold, Lutz, Meyers, Tilden, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miglietta, Franco, Misson, Laurent, Mölder, Meelis, Moncrieff, John, Monson, Russell K, Montagnani, Leonardo, Montes-Helu, Mario, Moors, Eddy, Moureaux, Christine, Mukelabai, Mukufute M, Munger, J William, Myklebust, May, Nagy, Zoltán, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter, Oren, Ram, Pallardy, Stephen G, Paw U, Kyaw Tha, Pereira, João S, Pilegaard, Kim, Pintér, Krisztina, Pio, Casimiro, Pita, Gabriel, Powell, Thomas L, Rambal, Serge, Randerson, James T, von Randow, Celso, Rebmann, Corinna, Rinne, Janne, Rossi, Federica, Roulet, Nigel, Ryel, Ronald J, Sagerfors, Jorgen, Saigusa, Nobuko, Sanz, María José, Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia, Schmid, Hans Peter, Seufert, Guenther, Siqueira, Mario, Soussana, Jean-François, Starr, Gregory, Sutton, Mark A, Tenhunen, John, Tuba, Zoltán, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Valentini, Riccardo, Vogel, Christoph S, Wang, Jingxin, Wang, Shaoqiang, Wang, Weiguo, Welp, Lisa R, Wen, Xuefa, Wharton, Sonia, Wilkinson, Matthew, Williams, Christopher A, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Yamamoto, Susumu, Yu, Guirui, Zampedri, Roberto, Zhao, Bin, Zhao, Xinquan, Yi, Chuixiang, Ricciuto, Daniel, Li, Runze, Wolbeck, John, Xu, Xiyan, Nilsson, Mats, Aires, Luis, Albertson, John D, Ammann, Christof, Arain, M Altaf, de Araujo, Alessandro C, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Barcza, Zoltán, Barr, Alan, Berbigier, Paul, Beringer, Jason, Bernhofer, Christian, Black, Andrew T, Bolstad, Paul V, Bosveld, Fred C, Broadmeadow, Mark S J, Buchmann, Nina, Burns, Sean P, Cellier, Pierre, Chen, Jingming, Chen, Jiquan, Ciais, Philippe, Clement, Robert, Cook, Bruce D, Curtis, Peter S, Dail, D Bryan, Dellwik, Ebba, Delpierre, Nicolas, Desai, Ankur R, Dore, Sabina, Dragoni, Danilo, Drake, Bert G., Dufrêne, Eric, Dunn, Allison, Elbers, Jan, Eugster, Werner, Falk, Matthias, Feigenwinter, Christian, Flanagan, Lawrence B, Foken, Thomas, Frank, John, Fuhrer, Juerg, Gianelle, Damiano, Goldstein, Allen, Goulden, Mike, Granier, Andre, Grünwald, Thomas, Gu, Lianhong, Guo, Haiqiang, Hammerle, Albin, Han, Shijie, Hanan, Niall P, Haszpra, László, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hendriks, Dimmie, Hutley, Lindsay B, Ibrom, Andreas, Jacobs, Cor, Johansson, Torbjörn, Jongen, Marjan, Katul, Gabriel, Kiely, Gerard, Klumpp, Katja, Knohl, Alexander, Kolb, Thomas, Kutsch, Werner L, Lafleur, Peter, Laurila, Tuomas, Leuning, Ray, Lindroth, Anders, Liu, Heping, Loubet, Benjamin, Manca, Giovanni, Marek, Michal, Margolis, Hank A, Martin, Timothy A, Massman, William J, Matamala, Roser, Matteucci, Giorgio, McCaughey, Harry, Merbold, Lutz, Meyers, Tilden, Migliavacca, Mirco, Miglietta, Franco, Misson, Laurent, Mölder, Meelis, Moncrieff, John, Monson, Russell K, Montagnani, Leonardo, Montes-Helu, Mario, Moors, Eddy, Moureaux, Christine, Mukelabai, Mukufute M, Munger, J William, Myklebust, May, Nagy, Zoltán, Noormets, Asko, Oechel, Walter, Oren, Ram, Pallardy, Stephen G, Paw U, Kyaw Tha, Pereira, João S, Pilegaard, Kim, Pintér, Krisztina, Pio, Casimiro, Pita, Gabriel, Powell, Thomas L, Rambal, Serge, Randerson, James T, von Randow, Celso, Rebmann, Corinna, Rinne, Janne, Rossi, Federica, Roulet, Nigel, Ryel, Ronald J, Sagerfors, Jorgen, Saigusa, Nobuko, Sanz, María José, Mugnozza, Giuseppe-Scarascia, Schmid, Hans Peter, Seufert, Guenther, Siqueira, Mario, Soussana, Jean-François, Starr, Gregory, Sutton, Mark A, Tenhunen, John, Tuba, Zoltán, Tuovinen, Juha-Pekka, Valentini, Riccardo, Vogel, Christoph S, Wang, Jingxin, Wang, Shaoqiang, Wang, Weiguo, Welp, Lisa R, Wen, Xuefa, Wharton, Sonia, Wilkinson, Matthew, Williams, Christopher A, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Yamamoto, Susumu, Yu, Guirui, Zampedri, Roberto, Zhao, Bin, and Zhao, Xinquan

Abstract

Understanding the relationships between climate and carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems is critical to predict future levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide because of the potential accelerating effects of positive climate–carbon cycle feedbacks. However, directly observed relationships between climate and terrestrial CO2 exchange with the atmosphere across biomes and continents are lacking. Here we present data describing the relationships between net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) and climate factors as measured using the eddy covariance method at 125 unique sites in various ecosystems over six continents with a total of 559 site-years. We find that NEE observed at eddy covariance sites is (1) a strong function of mean annual temperature at mid- and high-latitudes, (2) a strong function of dryness at mid- and low-latitudes, and (3) a function of both temperature and dryness around the mid-latitudinal belt (45°N). The sensitivity of NEE to mean annual temperature breaks down at ~ 16 °C (a threshold value of mean annual temperature), above which no further increase of CO2 uptake with temperature was observed and dryness influence overrules temperature influence.

Published
2010

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