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The study on the relationship between biological organisms and ethnic people is Ethnobiology. Its empirical knowledge used by tribal people in the traditional way is so called traditional knowledge (TK). Implementation of the knowledge system and the status of the ethnic people is a society-based system. Culture, ethnicity, people's participation and community practice is an age-old practice based on traditional system. In different countries, its use and value system are tuned by geographical boundaries and the ability of people to join in the system is specific based on the traditional approach. Tribal groups and their use of resource and resource management differs from a region to other regions even from a tribe to others. Totems, taboos, folk tales are some of the collections in a non-written form passing through the people of new generations superfluous by the older group of people. Cultivation, crop collection, seed storage, pest management, maturing and agricultural time scale management vary from a group to others owing to their homogeneity but due to lack of physiognomic differences. Hunting, fishing and bee keeping processes are traditional though modern tools have been introduced by them due to their wide circulation of modern knowledge transferred from newer and technology based societal people. Ethnomedicine, ethno-culture, ethno-tales, ethno-society are under threat due to modernization and continuous use of web-based knowledge. Western culture diminishes the ethno-culture due to new settlement of ethnic people in towns and cities. Grazing, browsing, and wild stock management is under threat due to shrinkage of habitats and fragmentation of societal culture. Deforestation, forest fire, soil degradation, change of land use pattern, and change of marriage system fortifies the abrupt ecosystem diversity in general which could be a reason for diversity loss in the tribal society. In this book authors are trying to figure out the key concepts in a special

All professional librarians carry leadership roles in their libraries. The leadership capacity of librarians at all levels in an academic library is a key factor that can determine the library’s performance, effectiveness, innovation, agility, and adaptability in the changing higher-education landscape. How do librarians build leadership skills? What can library directors do to help their staff develop leadership skills? From anecdotes of practitioners as well as empirical research, we understand that librarians develop leadership capacity through day-to-day life and work. Whether and how librarians grow with these daily experiences depend a lot on the individuals’ motivation to learn. However, to facilitate workplace learning and staff motivation to learn, library directors can look at their organizational context to find leverage. Furthermore, they should consider a systemic and strategic approach to make sure the leadership development efforts are reinforcing, coherent, and sustaining. This paper describes how leadership development happens in academic libraries, and how organizational factors influence the opportunities for and motivation of librarians to develop leadership skills. It proposes to library decision-makers to adopt a systemic and strategic approach, to consider leadership development as long-term planning and coordinated design, with consideration for the development needs of individual librarians as well as the library.

The organizational structure is unquestionably a very important managerial tool for firms. Based on the purpose of the structure, it has a large influence on how the operation of the firm is performed, which can create incentives for picking the most suitable one. According to the contingency theory, there is no best option, the most suitable structure is dependent on contextual factors in each individual case. Contrary, previous studies have shown that organizational structure has significant influence on the performance and even certain types of structures.There is currently a research gap regarding if certain types of structures could lead to better financial performances. This quantitative study was conducted using a positivistic paradigm, with a deductive approach. 216 companies were analyzed and two-sample t- tests were conducted to test the data. The divisional, functional, hierarchical, horizontal, and matrix organizational structures have been used and the financial performance measures Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Return on Invested Capital. Industry and country have been used as descriptive variables.By conducting a MANOVA test the first research question was answered, “Does the organizational structure influence the firm’s financial performance?”, the results were insignificant, the organizational structure does not influence the firm’s financial performance. This question provided an aggregated view of the influence of structures while the second question was aimed to provide a decomposed view by looking closer at the influence of the structures against each other.To answer the second research question, “Is there a certain organizational structure that has a higher influence on the firm’s financial performance?”, several two-sample t-tests were conducted. The results from the two-sample t-tests show that there is a significant difference in the Return on Assets when using a divisional structure rather than a matrix structure and that there is

The organizational structure is unquestionably a very important managerial tool for firms. Based on the purpose of the structure, it has a large influence on how the operation of the firm is performed, which can create incentives for picking the most suitable one. According to the contingency theory, there is no best option, the most suitable structure is dependent on contextual factors in each individual case. Contrary, previous studies have shown that organizational structure has significant influence on the performance and even certain types of structures.There is currently a research gap regarding if certain types of structures could lead to better financial performances. This quantitative study was conducted using a positivistic paradigm, with a deductive approach. 216 companies were analyzed and two-sample t- tests were conducted to test the data. The divisional, functional, hierarchical, horizontal, and matrix organizational structures have been used and the financial performance measures Return on Assets, Return on Equity, and Return on Invested Capital. Industry and country have been used as descriptive variables.By conducting a MANOVA test the first research question was answered, “Does the organizational structure influence the firm’s financial performance?”, the results were insignificant, the organizational structure does not influence the firm’s financial performance. This question provided an aggregated view of the influence of structures while the second question was aimed to provide a decomposed view by looking closer at the influence of the structures against each other.To answer the second research question, “Is there a certain organizational structure that has a higher influence on the firm’s financial performance?”, several two-sample t-tests were conducted. The results from the two-sample t-tests show that there is a significant difference in the Return on Assets when using a divisional structure rather than a matrix structure and that there is

Biochemistry is a relatively young science, but its rate of growth has been truly impressive. The rapid pace of discoveries, which shows no sign of slowing, is reflected in the steady increase in the size of biochemistry textbooks. Growing faster than the size of biochemistry books have been the skyrocketing costs of higher education and the even faster rising costs of college textbooks. These unfortunate realities have created a situation where the costs of going to college are beyond the means of increasing numbers of students. We have aimed to provide a more thorough coverage of topics than in Biochemistry Free and Easy, but we do not aim to provide an encyclopedic biochemistry tome covering content that no instructor would fully cover in a single course. Neither do we aim to be the “go to” source for information on biochemistry. This is not a reference work. Consequently, we have focused on core concepts with key information.

Biochemistry is a relatively young science, but its rate of growth has been truly impressive. The rapid pace of discoveries, which shows no sign of slowing, is reflected in the steady increase in the size of biochemistry textbooks. Growing faster than the size of biochemistry books have been the skyrocketing costs of higher education and the even faster rising costs of college textbooks. These unfortunate realities have created a situation where the costs of going to college are beyond the means of increasing numbers of students. We have aimed to provide a more thorough coverage of topics than in Biochemistry Free and Easy, but we do not aim to provide an encyclopedic biochemistry tome covering content that no instructor would fully cover in a single course. Neither do we aim to be the “go to” source for information on biochemistry. This is not a reference work. Consequently, we have focused on core concepts with key information.

Research Summary: This article develops theory on how an organization's structure affects future reorganizations. I highlight that a firm's structure shapes not only the locus of decision-making power (i.e., centralization and decentralization) but also the employees' interaction structure. I develop microlevel theory that connects the firm's structure to the interactions among its employees—for instance, its influence on the time employees spend adjusting their behavior after a reorganization. This theory predicts that some structures are more likely than others to promote a reorganization to occur sooner. I use a unique, hand-collected data set of reorganizations in the cell-phone manufacturing industry to test and find directional support for this theory. Managerial Summary: I examine the effect of a firm's current structure on its corporate reorganization decisions, which are defined as the addition and/or removal of business units. I posit that the way employees are grouped into those business units may affect both the type and timing of subsequent reorganizations; the reason is that employees of similar (resp. different) backgrounds should need less (resp. more) time to achieve effective collaboration. Using data on the reorganizations of cell-phone manufacturing firms during 1983–2008, I find directional support for the theory. This result implies that managers may need to watch closely any reorganization that shifts the firm toward more heterogeneous interaction structures—because its implementation may well require additional time.

Bakgrund och problem: Det har riktats kritik mot den traditionella ekonomistyrningen vilket har gjort att moderna styrmetoder och verktyg växt fram för att komplettera ekonomistyrningen. De faktorer som tvingat fram den moderna styrningen går även att se i musikbranschen. Detta, tillsammans med att ekonomistyrning i musikbranschen generellt sett är outforskat, gör att det blir intressant att undersöka hur skivbolag i musikbranschen använder sig av en traditionell ekonomistyrning eller modern verksamhetsstyrning. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom att undersöka två skivbolags ekonomistyrning kartlägga hur ekonomistyrningen karaktäriseras utifrån traditionell ekonomistyrning och modern verksamhetsstyrning. Metod: Metoden som använts vid denna studie är kvalitativ. Vi har genom fallstudier hos två skivbolag undersökt och skapat oss en förståelse av ekonomistyrningen i bolagen med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer och kompletterande frågor via mail. Slutsats: Det går att se att skivbolagen övergått delvis till en modern verksamhetsstyrning men att det alltså finns en blandning mellan användandet av traditionella och moderna styrmetoder och verktyg., Background and problem: Criticism has been raised towards the traditional management control which pushed forward modern management methods and tools to complement management accounting. The factors that pushed out this modern management control are possible to see in the music industry aswell. This, together with the fact that management control in the music industry has a research gap, makes it interesting to examine how record labels in the swedish music industry are using traditional or modern management control. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to through the examination of two record labels create an understanding of how the management control is characterized through traditional or modern management control. Method: The method used in this study is qualitative. We have through a multiple-case study at two record labels examined and created an understanding of the management control in the companies with the help of semi-structured interviews and complementary questions through mail. Conclusion: It is possible to see that the record labels has partly moved to modern management control but also that you can see a mix between the usage of traditional and modern control methods and tools.

Research Summary: This article develops theory on how an organization's structure affects future reorganizations. I highlight that a firm's structure shapes not only the locus of decision-making power (i.e., centralization and decentralization) but also the employees' interaction structure. I develop microlevel theory that connects the firm's structure to the interactions among its employees—for instance, its influence on the time employees spend adjusting their behavior after a reorganization. This theory predicts that some structures are more likely than others to promote a reorganization to occur sooner. I use a unique, hand-collected data set of reorganizations in the cell-phone manufacturing industry to test and find directional support for this theory. Managerial Summary: I examine the effect of a firm's current structure on its corporate reorganization decisions, which are defined as the addition and/or removal of business units. I posit that the way employees are grouped into those business units may affect both the type and timing of subsequent reorganizations; the reason is that employees of similar (resp. different) backgrounds should need less (resp. more) time to achieve effective collaboration. Using data on the reorganizations of cell-phone manufacturing firms during 1983–2008, I find directional support for the theory. This result implies that managers may need to watch closely any reorganization that shifts the firm toward more heterogeneous interaction structures—because its implementation may well require additional time.

Since taking off as an industry in Sweden in the 1980s, contract archaeology has changed not only the role of field archaeologists but also that of museums and the formation of collections. This paper discusses some of the effects of the commercialization of archaeological services through a case study of past and present collection practices. Data records are compared from three different archaeological investigations at the site Nya Lödöse (1473–1621) in Gothenburg. Each excavation represents a particular era in archaeological practice. The data are used to compare and analyse collecting practices within contemporary contract archaeology. Separately, a survey among contract archaeology units examines the implementation of legislative guidelines and day-to-day practices and suggests several causes for anomalies in the selection and discarding of finds in the case study. Combined, the findings of the case study and the survey results suggest that contract archaeology leaves a specific imprint on collections in archaeological museums, impacting their compilation and therefore influencing future research as well as the experience of the public.

Bakgrund och problem: Det har riktats kritik mot den traditionella ekonomistyrningen vilket har gjort att moderna styrmetoder och verktyg växt fram för att komplettera ekonomistyrningen. De faktorer som tvingat fram den moderna styrningen går även att se i musikbranschen. Detta, tillsammans med att ekonomistyrning i musikbranschen generellt sett är outforskat, gör att det blir intressant att undersöka hur skivbolag i musikbranschen använder sig av en traditionell ekonomistyrning eller modern verksamhetsstyrning. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom att undersöka två skivbolags ekonomistyrning kartlägga hur ekonomistyrningen karaktäriseras utifrån traditionell ekonomistyrning och modern verksamhetsstyrning. Metod: Metoden som använts vid denna studie är kvalitativ. Vi har genom fallstudier hos två skivbolag undersökt och skapat oss en förståelse av ekonomistyrningen i bolagen med hjälp av semi-strukturerade intervjuer och kompletterande frågor via mail. Slutsats: Det går att se att skivbolagen övergått delvis till en modern verksamhetsstyrning men att det alltså finns en blandning mellan användandet av traditionella och moderna styrmetoder och verktyg., Background and problem: Criticism has been raised towards the traditional management control which pushed forward modern management methods and tools to complement management accounting. The factors that pushed out this modern management control are possible to see in the music industry aswell. This, together with the fact that management control in the music industry has a research gap, makes it interesting to examine how record labels in the swedish music industry are using traditional or modern management control. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to through the examination of two record labels create an understanding of how the management control is characterized through traditional or modern management control. Method: The method used in this study is qualitative. We have through a multiple-case study at two record labels examined and created an understanding of the management control in the companies with the help of semi-structured interviews and complementary questions through mail. Conclusion: It is possible to see that the record labels has partly moved to modern management control but also that you can see a mix between the usage of traditional and modern control methods and tools.

This thesis investigates what the possible benefits and challenges are with different organization structures from the perspective of an international non-governmental organization (INGO). Based on learnings from other organizations it is examined what a revised structure could look like for Organization X in order to maximize their use of internal resources. The aim of the study is to achieve a structure more aligned with the strategic priorities of Organization X. As well as contribute to the field of organization theory from an INGO perspective. To achieve this benchmarking against other organizations is used to collect learnings in relation to organizational design. The learnings are analyzed in relation to organization theory and common challenges for INGOs. The result and analysis show that benchmarking can be used to gather valuable learnings regarding organizational design for INGOs in general and Organization X in particular. Two options for structural revisions for Organization X are presented. It is suggested that the second option should be implemented, at least as a first step, due to the current strategic priorities of the organization and the larger risks associated with option one. If implemented, the revisions proposed in this thesis should enable increased flexibility and the freeing up of resources, resulting in increased capability for fundraising and increased impact.

This thesis investigates what the possible benefits and challenges are with different organization structures from the perspective of an international non-governmental organization (INGO). Based on learnings from other organizations it is examined what a revised structure could look like for Organization X in order to maximize their use of internal resources. The aim of the study is to achieve a structure more aligned with the strategic priorities of Organization X. As well as contribute to the field of organization theory from an INGO perspective. To achieve this benchmarking against other organizations is used to collect learnings in relation to organizational design. The learnings are analyzed in relation to organization theory and common challenges for INGOs. The result and analysis show that benchmarking can be used to gather valuable learnings regarding organizational design for INGOs in general and Organization X in particular. Two options for structural revisions for Organization X are presented. It is suggested that the second option should be implemented, at least as a first step, due to the current strategic priorities of the organization and the larger risks associated with option one. If implemented, the revisions proposed in this thesis should enable increased flexibility and the freeing up of resources, resulting in increased capability for fundraising and increased impact.

The effective application of knowledge in the production of new goods and services has become the main competitive advantage of a modern enterprise and the main condition for its development in the information society. The main function of logistics is the transfer, distribution of specific resources from one destination to another. In this context, it is necessary to consider logistics as an instrument of "resource flows", namely "knowledge flows". Knowledge is a product of intellectual activity, refer to creative activity. In order for the organization to have the opportunity to use knowledge and experience, it is necessary to organize them and organize them. Based on the quality of the processed information transfer, the organization receives a stream of quality knowledge, through which management decisions will be made., Эффективное применение знаний при производстве новых товаров и услуг превратилось в основное конкурентное преимущество современного предприятия и главное условие его развития в информационном обществе. Основной функцией логистики является передача, распределение конкретных ресурсов из одной точки назначения в другую. В данном контексте необходимо рассмотреть логистику как инструмент «потоков ресурсов», а именно «потоков знаний». Знания являются продуктом интеллектуальной деятельности, относятся к творческой деятельности. Чтобы в организации была возможность использования знаний и опыта, необходимо производить их систематизацию и хранение. На основе качественной обработанной передачи информации, организация получает поток качественных знаний, с помощью которых будут приниматься управленческие решения.

Сегодня, в современных экономических условиях, многие российские предприятия имеют проблему недостаточного уровня конкурентоспособности. Доверие иностранных и отечественных инвесторов к российским компаниям падает, что ведет к ухудшению инвестиционного климата в стране. Россия нуждается в притоке инвестиций в отечественные предприятия для выхода из общественно-экономического кризиса. В качестве решения выделенной проблемы предложено внедрение новой производственной системы на российских предприятиях. В основе данной системы лежит концепция бережливого производства. В статье раскрыто понятие бережливого производства. Обозначена задача бережливого управления. Представлены основные инструменты и подходы концепции. Приведено сравнение массового и бережливого производств. Выделены основные проблемы, препятствующие эффективному применению практик бережливого производства на отечественных предприятиях, и предложены возможные пути их решения. Особое внимание уделено влиянию менталитета на процесс внедрения бережливого производства. Таким образом, статья подводит некоторые итоги в области изучения причин неэффективного внедрения бережливого производства в России., Today, in the current economic conditions, many Russian enterprises have the problem of insufficient competitiveness. The confidence of foreign and domestic investors to the Russian companies is falling, which leads to deterioration of the investment climate in the country. Russia needs the influx of investment in domestic enterprises to exit the socio-economic crisis. As a solution to this problem, the proposed introduction of new production system at Russian enterprises. The system is based on the concept of lean manufacturing. In the article the concept of lean manufacturing. Determined the aim of lean management. Presents the basic tools and approaches of the concept. The comparison of mass and lean production. Presents the main problems impeding the effective application of lean manufacturing in domestic enterprises, and possible ways of their solution. Special attention is paid to the influence of mentality on the process of implementation of lean production. Thus, the article summarizes some of the results in the study of the reasons for the ineffective implementation of lean production in Russia.

En farledsrestriktion innebär att vissa krav eller begänsningar sätts på fartygs manöverförmåga, antal assisterande bogserbåtar, största djupgående och liknande egenskaper för att få färdas i en specifik farled. Innan 2009 låg uppgiften att ta fram dessa restriktioner på Sjöfartsverket och det tillhörande Sjöfartsinspektionen. År 2009 bildades Transportstyrelsen och övertog då vissa delar av processen. Detta arbete handlar om vad denna omorganisation har fått för effekter på arbetsprocessen och dess resultat utifrån vad de som idag jobbar med den upplever. En kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med ett antal individer som dagligen arbetar med denna process. Resultatet målar upp bilden av en arbetsprocess som genomgått mindre förändringar men som på många sätt fortfarande är sig lik. De tillfrågade beskriver små skillnader i det praktiska, dagliga arbetet och den kommunikation som detta arbete kräver, men beskriver också en situation där förändringsarbetet fortfarande upplevs pågå och där vanor kring arbetsrutiner på många sätt lever kvar., When entering a fairway in Swedish waters, vessels are affected by various restrictions. These restrictions are related to the draught of the vessel, its maneuvering capabilities and other factors which affect its capability to be conducted in a safe manner when inside the fairway. Prior to 2009, these restrictions were implemented by Sjöfartsverket (the Swedish Maritime Agency). In 2009, Transportstyrelsen (the Swedish Transport Agency) was created and took on the responsibility for some parts of the process behind developing these restrictions. In this study the focus is on the effects of this reorganization on the process itself from the viewpoint of those who are working with it. A qualitative study using interviews was conducted with people who are in daily contact with this work. The result shows a process that has undergone minor changes but is also in many ways still similar. The participants in this study describe smaller differences in the practical, daily work and the communication that this work requires, but they also paint a picture of a situation where the change is still happening and where old routines and habits still influence their work.

En farledsrestriktion innebär att vissa krav eller begänsningar sätts på fartygs manöverförmåga, antal assisterande bogserbåtar, största djupgående och liknande egenskaper för att få färdas i en specifik farled. Innan 2009 låg uppgiften att ta fram dessa restriktioner på Sjöfartsverket och det tillhörande Sjöfartsinspektionen. År 2009 bildades Transportstyrelsen och övertog då vissa delar av processen. Detta arbete handlar om vad denna omorganisation har fått för effekter på arbetsprocessen och dess resultat utifrån vad de som idag jobbar med den upplever. En kvalitativ intervjustudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med ett antal individer som dagligen arbetar med denna process. Resultatet målar upp bilden av en arbetsprocess som genomgått mindre förändringar men som på många sätt fortfarande är sig lik. De tillfrågade beskriver små skillnader i det praktiska, dagliga arbetet och den kommunikation som detta arbete kräver, men beskriver också en situation där förändringsarbetet fortfarande upplevs pågå och där vanor kring arbetsrutiner på många sätt lever kvar., When entering a fairway in Swedish waters, vessels are affected by various restrictions. These restrictions are related to the draught of the vessel, its maneuvering capabilities and other factors which affect its capability to be conducted in a safe manner when inside the fairway. Prior to 2009, these restrictions were implemented by Sjöfartsverket (the Swedish Maritime Agency). In 2009, Transportstyrelsen (the Swedish Transport Agency) was created and took on the responsibility for some parts of the process behind developing these restrictions. In this study the focus is on the effects of this reorganization on the process itself from the viewpoint of those who are working with it. A qualitative study using interviews was conducted with people who are in daily contact with this work. The result shows a process that has undergone minor changes but is also in many ways still similar. The participants in this study describe smaller differences in the practical, daily work and the communication that this work requires, but they also paint a picture of a situation where the change is still happening and where old routines and habits still influence their work.

Context: Recent years have seen an increasing interest in general theories of software engineering. As in other academic fields, these theories aim to explain and predict the key phenomena of the discipline. Objective: The present article proposes a general theory of software engineering that we have labeled the Tarpit theory, in reference to the 1982 epigram by Alan Perlis. Method: An integrative theory development approach was employed to develop the Tarpit theory from four underlying theoretical fields: (i) languages and automata, (ii) cognitive architecture, (iii) problem solving, and (iv) organization structure. Its applicability was explored in three test cases. Results: The theory demonstrates an explanatory and predictive potential for a diverse set of software engineering phenomena. It demonstrates a capability of explaining Brooks's law, of making predictions about domain-specific languages, and of evaluating the pros and cons of the practice of continuous integration. Conclusion: The presented theory appears capable of explaining and predicting a wide range of software engineering phenomena. Further refinement and application of the theory remains as future work., QC 20160205

Раскрываются проблемы становления сетевой экономики. Анализируются организационные и коммуникативные практики в сетевой экономике. Подчеркнута необходимость разработки правил и регулятивов сетевого этикета., The paper discusses the issues of establishing network economy. Analyzed are the organizational and communicative practices in network economy. Emphasized is the necessity of developing the rules and regulators of network etiquette.

Syftet med denna C-uppsats var att skapa en inblick i den svenska mötesindustrin genom att undersöka tre större mötesanläggningar i Sverige. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av de anställda på de undersökta mötesanläggningarna. Utgångspunkten i denna uppsats var att de mest grundläggande delarna på en mötesanläggning innefattar dess fysiska struktur och organisationsstruktur. Syftet har även varit att lyfta fram de anställdas perspektiv då respondenterna pekat på de delar inom dessa områden som uppfattats som mest betydande för bedrivandet av respektive mötesverksamhet. Uppsatsen är huvudsakligen en kvalitativstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, vilka har genomförts för att få en djupare förståelse för de anställdas syn på verksamhetsdriften på respektive mötesanläggning. Intervjuerna har genomförts med sammanlagt nio anställda, varav tre genomfördes på plats på anläggningen,tre per telefon och tre per mail. Uppsatsen bygger på svaren från våra respondenter, tidigare forskning samt den presenterade referensram som har arbetats fram utifrån respondenternas svar. Resultatet av denna studie visar att de delar inom fysisk struktur och organisation som de anställda lyfter fram som mest betydande för bedrivandet av den egna verksamheten tar sig i uttryck genom lokalisering, flexibilitet, hållbarhet och samarbeten., The purpose of this essay is to create a greater insight into the Swedish meetings industry by examining three major meeting facilities in Sweden, and to create this insight through the employees at the surveyed facilities. Our starting point was that the most basic elements of a meeting facility include the physical structure and the organizational structure. The aim has thus been to highlight the employees' perspective within these parts of the operations that is perceived as most significant for the conduct of each meeting operation. This study is primarily a qualitative one using semi-structured interviews conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the employees' vision of the operations at each meeting facility. The interviews were conducted with a total of nine employees, three of which were carried out on the spot, three by phone and three via e-mail. The essay is based on the responses of the respondents and previous research. The results of this study shows that the parts within physical structure and the organizational structure that the employees highlights as the most important for the conduct of the operations are presented as location, flexibility, sustainability and co-operations.

Syftet med denna C-uppsats var att skapa en inblick i den svenska mötesindustrin genom att undersöka tre större mötesanläggningar i Sverige. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av de anställda på de undersökta mötesanläggningarna. Utgångspunkten i denna uppsats var att de mest grundläggande delarna på en mötesanläggning innefattar dess fysiska struktur och organisationsstruktur. Syftet har även varit att lyfta fram de anställdas perspektiv då respondenterna pekat på de delar inom dessa områden som uppfattats som mest betydande för bedrivandet av respektive mötesverksamhet. Uppsatsen är huvudsakligen en kvalitativstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer, vilka har genomförts för att få en djupare förståelse för de anställdas syn på verksamhetsdriften på respektive mötesanläggning. Intervjuerna har genomförts med sammanlagt nio anställda, varav tre genomfördes på plats på anläggningen,tre per telefon och tre per mail. Uppsatsen bygger på svaren från våra respondenter, tidigare forskning samt den presenterade referensram som har arbetats fram utifrån respondenternas svar. Resultatet av denna studie visar att de delar inom fysisk struktur och organisation som de anställda lyfter fram som mest betydande för bedrivandet av den egna verksamheten tar sig i uttryck genom lokalisering, flexibilitet, hållbarhet och samarbeten., The purpose of this essay is to create a greater insight into the Swedish meetings industry by examining three major meeting facilities in Sweden, and to create this insight through the employees at the surveyed facilities. Our starting point was that the most basic elements of a meeting facility include the physical structure and the organizational structure. The aim has thus been to highlight the employees' perspective within these parts of the operations that is perceived as most significant for the conduct of each meeting operation. This study is primarily a qualitative one using semi-structured interviews conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the employees' vision of the operations at each meeting facility. The interviews were conducted with a total of nine employees, three of which were carried out on the spot, three by phone and three via e-mail. The essay is based on the responses of the respondents and previous research. The results of this study shows that the parts within physical structure and the organizational structure that the employees highlights as the most important for the conduct of the operations are presented as location, flexibility, sustainability and co-operations.

Much of the literature linking organization structure to performance falls into two broad research streams. One stream concerns formal structure – the hierarchy of authority or reporting relationships as well as the degree of standardization, formalization, specialization, etc. The impact of formal structure and other elements of organization design on performance is typically contingent on factors such as strategic orientation, task characteristics, and environmental conditions. The other research stream focuses on informal structure – a network of interpersonal and intra-organizational relationships. Properties of informal structure are typically shown to have a more direct (less contingent) impact on organizational performance. Despite these pronounced differences in the conceptualization of organization structure, considerable overlap and complementarity exist between the two research streams. In this article, I compare and contrast a pair of exemplars from each stream – the information processing perspective and the social network perspective – with respect to their conceptualizations of organization structure and its relationship to performance. Several recommendations for future research that combines the two approaches are offered.

Much of the literature linking organization structure to performance falls into two broad research streams. One stream concerns formal structure – the hierarchy of authority or reporting relationships as well as the degree of standardization, formalization, specialization, etc. The impact of formal structure and other elements of organization design on performance is typically contingent on factors such as strategic orientation, task characteristics, and environmental conditions. The other research stream focuses on informal structure – a network of interpersonal and intra-organizational relationships. Properties of informal structure are typically shown to have a more direct (less contingent) impact on organizational performance. Despite these pronounced differences in the conceptualization of organization structure, considerable overlap and complementarity exist between the two research streams. In this article, I compare and contrast a pair of exemplars from each stream – the information processing perspective and the social network perspective – with respect to their conceptualizations of organization structure and its relationship to performance. Several recommendations for future research that combines the two approaches are offered.

Seeking to more effectively respond to campus initiatives and user expectations, the University of Kansas (KU) Libraries underwent a process of significant organizational review and transformation. Guided by a purposeful, open process, a diverse and representative group was elected to serve on the Libraries Organizational Review Team (ORT) to assess the existing organizational structure, determine major functions and cross-functional areas therein, and identify new and vital activities and positions essential for achieving our strategic priorities. Recognizing, too, the trends and challenges occurring within higher education and academic libraries, ORT sought to redefine professional roles and functions to strategically position the Libraries for the future. Utilizing peer institutional research, library literature and reports, and focus groups with each library unit, the team ultimately recommended a significant overhaul of the Libraries' organizational structure. Broadly, the recommendation was for an adaptive and agile structure that is more responsive to university priorities, technological developments, and resource constraints. Specifically, ORT recommended a structure driven by contemporary user expectations and supportive of new modes of scholarly communication, new pedagogical methods, and data management. The recommended organizational design is fluid and user-focused with an emphasis on integrating into the academic life of scholars and students. This paper will report on the purposeful ‘grassroots’ approach undertaken by the team and its creative processes of organizational review. Additionally, the authors will present ORT’s final recommendations, as well as the rationale thereof. Finally, the authors will illustrate the new organizational model and analyze the efficacy and challenges of the reorganization.

Seeking to more effectively respond to campus initiatives and user expectations, the University of Kansas (KU) Libraries underwent a process of significant organizational review and transformation. Guided by a purposeful, open process, a diverse and representative group was elected to serve on the Libraries Organizational Review Team (ORT) to assess the existing organizational structure, determine major functions and cross-functional areas therein, and identify new and vital activities and positions essential for achieving our strategic priorities. Recognizing, too, the trends and challenges occurring within higher education and academic libraries, ORT sought to redefine professional roles and functions to strategically position the Libraries for the future. Utilizing peer institutional research, library literature and reports, and focus groups with each library unit, the team ultimately recommended a significant overhaul of the Libraries' organizational structure. Broadly, the recommendation was for an adaptive and agile structure that is more responsive to university priorities, technological developments, and resource constraints. Specifically, ORT recommended a structure driven by contemporary user expectations and supportive of new modes of scholarly communication, new pedagogical methods, and data management. The recommended organizational design is fluid and user-focused with an emphasis on integrating into the academic life of scholars and students. This paper will report on the purposeful ‘grassroots’ approach undertaken by the team and its creative processes of organizational review. Additionally, the authors will present ORT’s final recommendations, as well as the rationale thereof. Finally, the authors will illustrate the new organizational model and analyze the efficacy and challenges of the reorganization.

Ahead of the context of the existence of formal groups that emerge in the model of project structure and of the dynamics of alternation of positions of the members (in each phase of the project) in organizational structures that if they base on quality models as the CMMI, this work has as objective to show the points on which if it develops this dynamics in the organization structure and the formal groups, beyond bringing the relations of being able that they occur in the alternation of the positions. For the reach of this objective, related theoretical questions to the organization structure, relations of being able and alternation of positions are approached, as delineation of the study. The used methodology is the study of only case in an Institute of Innovation in Technology of the Information and situated Communication in the Porto Digital, in Recife/PE. The study it was of qualitative nature, carried through by means of half-structuralized interviews, with members that had participated of the analyzed project, and comment not-participant. It was identified enters the members of the analyzed project the relations of solidarity (without considering the manager) and of representation (when of the presence of the manager). Already how much to the bases of being able of the manager, the authority and imposition predominate, whereas dependence enters the too much members, predominates and influence one mix, Diante do contexto da existência de grupos formais que emergem no modelo de estrutura projetizada e da dinâmica de alternância de papéis dos membros (em cada fase do projeto) em estruturas organizacionais que se baseiam em modelos de qualidade como o CMMI, este trabalho tem como objetivo elencar os pontos sobre os quais se desenvolve essa dinâmica na estrutura organizacional e nos grupos formais, além de trazer as relações de poder que ocorrem na alternância dos papéis. Para o alcance desse objetivo, abordam-se questões teóricas relacionadas à estrutura organizacional, relações de poder e alternância de papéis, conforme delineamento do estudo. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de caso único num Instituto de Inovação em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, situado no Porto Digital, em Recife/PE. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com membros que participaram do projeto analisado, e observação não participante. Identificou-se entre os membros do projeto analisado as relações de solidariedade (sem considerar o gerente) e de representação (quando da presença do gerente). Já quanto às bases de poder do gerente, predominam a autoridade e imposição, enquanto que entre os demais membros, predomina um mix de influência e de dependência

Ahead of the context of the existence of formal groups that emerge in the model of project structure and of the dynamics of alternation of positions of the members (in each phase of the project) in organizational structures that if they base on quality models as the CMMI, this work has as objective to show the points on which if it develops this dynamics in the organization structure and the formal groups, beyond bringing the relations of being able that they occur in the alternation of the positions. For the reach of this objective, related theoretical questions to the organization structure, relations of being able and alternation of positions are approached, as delineation of the study. The used methodology is the study of only case in an Institute of Innovation in Technology of the Information and situated Communication in the Porto Digital, in Recife/PE. The study it was of qualitative nature, carried through by means of half-structuralized interviews, with members that had participated of the analyzed project, and comment not-participant. It was identified enters the members of the analyzed project the relations of solidarity (without considering the manager) and of representation (when of the presence of the manager). Already how much to the bases of being able of the manager, the authority and imposition predominate, whereas dependence enters the too much members, predominates and influence one mix, Diante do contexto da existência de grupos formais que emergem no modelo de estrutura projetizada e da dinâmica de alternância de papéis dos membros (em cada fase do projeto) em estruturas organizacionais que se baseiam em modelos de qualidade como o CMMI, este trabalho tem como objetivo elencar os pontos sobre os quais se desenvolve essa dinâmica na estrutura organizacional e nos grupos formais, além de trazer as relações de poder que ocorrem na alternância dos papéis. Para o alcance desse objetivo, abordam-se questões teóricas relacionadas à estrutura organizacional, relações de poder e alternância de papéis, conforme delineamento do estudo. A metodologia utilizada é o estudo de caso único num Instituto de Inovação em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação, situado no Porto Digital, em Recife/PE. O estudo foi de natureza qualitativa, realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com membros que participaram do projeto analisado, e observação não participante. Identificou-se entre os membros do projeto analisado as relações de solidariedade (sem considerar o gerente) e de representação (quando da presença do gerente). Já quanto às bases de poder do gerente, predominam a autoridade e imposição, enquanto que entre os demais membros, predomina um mix de influência e de dependência

Seeking to more effectively respond to campus initiatives and user expectations, the University of Kansas (KU) Libraries underwent a process of significant organizational review and transformation. Guided by a purposeful, open process, a diverse and representative group was elected to serve on the Libraries Organizational Review Team (ORT) to assess the existing organizational structure, determine major functions and cross-functional areas therein, and identify new and vital activities and positions essential for achieving our strategic priorities. Recognizing, too, the trends and challenges occurring within higher education and academic libraries, ORT sought to redefine professional roles and functions to strategically position the Libraries for the future. Utilizing peer institutional research, library literature and reports, and focus groups with each library unit, the team ultimately recommended a significant overhaul of the Libraries' organizational structure. Broadly, the recommendation was for an adaptive and agile structure that is more responsive to university priorities, technological developments, and resource constraints. Specifically, ORT recommended a structure driven by contemporary user expectations and supportive of new modes of scholarly communication, new pedagogical methods, and data management. The recommended organizational design is fluid and user-focused with an emphasis on integrating into the academic life of scholars and students. This paper will report on the purposeful ‘grassroots’ approach undertaken by the team and its creative processes of organizational review. Additionally, the authors will present ORT’s final recommendations, as well as the rationale thereof. Finally, the authors will illustrate the new organizational model and analyze the efficacy and challenges of the reorganization.

Seeking to more effectively respond to campus initiatives and user expectations, the University of Kansas (KU) Libraries underwent a process of significant organizational review and transformation. Guided by a purposeful, open process, a diverse and representative group was elected to serve on the Libraries Organizational Review Team (ORT) to assess the existing organizational structure, determine major functions and cross-functional areas therein, and identify new and vital activities and positions essential for achieving our strategic priorities. Recognizing, too, the trends and challenges occurring within higher education and academic libraries, ORT sought to redefine professional roles and functions to strategically position the Libraries for the future. Utilizing peer institutional research, library literature and reports, and focus groups with each library unit, the team ultimately recommended a significant overhaul of the Libraries' organizational structure. Broadly, the recommendation was for an adaptive and agile structure that is more responsive to university priorities, technological developments, and resource constraints. Specifically, ORT recommended a structure driven by contemporary user expectations and supportive of new modes of scholarly communication, new pedagogical methods, and data management. The recommended organizational design is fluid and user-focused with an emphasis on integrating into the academic life of scholars and students. This paper will report on the purposeful ‘grassroots’ approach undertaken by the team and its creative processes of organizational review. Additionally, the authors will present ORT’s final recommendations, as well as the rationale thereof. Finally, the authors will illustrate the new organizational model and analyze the efficacy and challenges of the reorganization.

Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown, Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113

Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown, Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113

Alongside the move by organizations towards utilizing project management techniques for managing their operations, the PMO has recently become a key business unit in organizations that can impact positively on organizational performance. With the aim of assessing the role of the PMO as a key driver for governance and strategy; this dissertation has been developed to cover many advanced project management related subjects; PMO, corporate governance, project governance, and strategy. The role of the PMO varies from organization to another, as it might have a very strategic role for the organization by managing and directing the overall organization business and operations, and might have a very limited supportive role in some divisions, and this variation is due to nature of business, type of organization structure, and the PMO location within the organization. A methodology of three stages have been deployed; started with determining the strategic and governing roles of the PMO, defining the factors that affect the PMO roles and contribution, and selecting five organizations from UAE business environment as case studies for this research. The resulted outcome from this research has shown that the PMOs roles and contribution to the corporate governance and organization strategy increases with increasing the PMO maturity and moving towards projected team structures, and the PMOs roles decrease at low mature PMO and functional organizations. Within UAE, the role of the PMOs showed variation between organizations even those having same type of structures; however the results have shown that the contribution of the PMOs is ranging between medium to high even in projected team and matrix structure organizations. There are other factors affecting the role of the PMO i.e. percentage of projects to overall operations, nature of industry, and location of the PMO in the organization. Several recommendations can be made out of this research for PMOs professionals to put more eff

Alongside the move by organizations towards utilizing project management techniques for managing their operations, the PMO has recently become a key business unit in organizations that can impact positively on organizational performance. With the aim of assessing the role of the PMO as a key driver for governance and strategy; this dissertation has been developed to cover many advanced project management related subjects; PMO, corporate governance, project governance, and strategy. The role of the PMO varies from organization to another, as it might have a very strategic role for the organization by managing and directing the overall organization business and operations, and might have a very limited supportive role in some divisions, and this variation is due to nature of business, type of organization structure, and the PMO location within the organization. A methodology of three stages have been deployed; started with determining the strategic and governing roles of the PMO, defining the factors that affect the PMO roles and contribution, and selecting five organizations from UAE business environment as case studies for this research. The resulted outcome from this research has shown that the PMOs roles and contribution to the corporate governance and organization strategy increases with increasing the PMO maturity and moving towards projected team structures, and the PMOs roles decrease at low mature PMO and functional organizations. Within UAE, the role of the PMOs showed variation between organizations even those having same type of structures; however the results have shown that the contribution of the PMOs is ranging between medium to high even in projected team and matrix structure organizations. There are other factors affecting the role of the PMO i.e. percentage of projects to overall operations, nature of industry, and location of the PMO in the organization. Several recommendations can be made out of this research for PMOs professionals to put more eff

Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown, Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113

Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown, Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113

Industrialization of construction is a business strategy to significantly improve competitiveness. However, the organization structure of the construction firms needs to support the new production system. The knowledge on why and how this business development can be accomplished is scarce, both within academia and in business practice. This research seeks to fill this knowledge gap. The purpose of organization structure and the production system have is to coordinate the firm’s processes and control the work performing resources. Information is one of the most fundamental dimensions for steering and controlling the work. The different information types are determined by the firm’s product customization strategy and the production system flexibility. Further, diverse information types are managed in different extent by the organizational steering mechanisms. Consequently, firms with dissimilar customization strategy or production flexibility should organizationally be designed differently in order to be efficient. The developed model identifies four generic production topologies: “engineer-to-order” (ETO), “manufacture-to-order” (MTO), “assembly-to-order” (ATO), and “make-standard-products” (MSP). The differences between the topologies can be related to the location of the “customer-order-decoupling-point” (CODP) in the product realization process; and to what extent the upstream and downstream processes continuously use stored information or process information to accomplish the work of each product order. The model predicts which organization structure mechanisms that should be used for which processes for each production topology. It is the specific configuration of the mechanisms that gives each production topology their organizational capability. The model has been validated by case studies in four organizations, each representing one of the four generic production topologies. Three cases considered housing and one studied truck manufacturing. It has been shown, Research funder: SBUF (The development fund of the Swedish construction industry). QC 20131113

This article extends Alfred Chandler's seminal ideas about strategy and organizational structure, and it predicts the next stage of organizational evolution. Chandler described the evolution of vertical integration and diversification strategies for which the functional and multidivisional structures are appropriate. He also explained how the dominant structure at any point in time is a concatenation or accumulation of all previous strategies and structures. I extend Chandler's ideas by describing how early "structures" became "organizations" (people, rewards, management processes, etc.) and by discussing the more recent strategies of international expansion and customer focus. International expansion leads to organizations of three dimensions: functions, business units, and countries. Customer-focused strategies lead to four-dimensional organizations currently found in global firms such as IBM, Nike, and Procter & Gamble. I argue that the next major dimension along which organizations will evolve is emerging in firms which are experimenting with the use of "Big Data."

This article extends Alfred Chandler's seminal ideas about strategy and organizational structure, and it predicts the next stage of organizational evolution. Chandler described the evolution of vertical integration and diversification strategies for which the functional and multidivisional structures are appropriate. He also explained how the dominant structure at any point in time is a concatenation or accumulation of all previous strategies and structures. I extend Chandler's ideas by describing how early "structures" became "organizations" (people, rewards, management processes, etc.) and by discussing the more recent strategies of international expansion and customer focus. International expansion leads to organizations of three dimensions: functions, business units, and countries. Customer-focused strategies lead to four-dimensional organizations currently found in global firms such as IBM, Nike, and Procter & Gamble. I argue that the next major dimension along which organizations will evolve is emerging in firms which are experimenting with the use of "Big Data."

The essence of internal control of the bank and its components are considered. Creation of organizational structure of the internal control that is founded on three directions of controllers' activities and increases its efficiency is offered. Розгалядається сутність та компоненти внутрішнього контролю банку. Запропоновано створення організаційної структури внутрішнього контролю, заснованої на трьох напрямках діяльності контролерів, що сприяє підвищенню його ефективності.

The essence of internal control of the bank and its components are considered. Creation of organizational structure of the internal control that is founded on three directions of controllers' activities and increases its efficiency is offered. Розгалядається сутність та компоненти внутрішнього контролю банку. Запропоновано створення організаційної структури внутрішнього контролю, заснованої на трьох напрямках діяльності контролерів, що сприяє підвищенню його ефективності.

Den svenska andrahandsmarknaden har under senare år växt sig allt starkare. Förklaringarna till det fenomenet är bl.a. den rådande miljödebatten och konsumenters nya medvetenhet till deras konsumtionsbeteende. Konsumenten har i dag ett behov att ha en individualistisk stil, vilket kan vara en anledning till secondhand-branschens nyvunna trendstatus och snabba expansion. Lågkonjunkturen, som drabbade Sverige 2008, kan även vara en anledning till den expanderande marknaden. Secondhand-branschen domineras av två olika typer av verksamheter, de ideella och de vinstdrivande secondhand-företagen. De två verksamheterna har olika syften som konsumenten kanske inte alltid uppmärksammar när han/hon väljer att handla andrahandskläder.Vårt syfte med studien är att jämföra ett ideellt och ett vinstdrivande secondhand-företags interna arbeten, samt analysera likheter och skillnader företagen emellan. Vi har valt att analysera företaget Myrorna, som får representera den ideella secondhand-verksamheten och företaget Beyond Retro som får representera den vinstdrivande secondhand-verksamheten. Vi avgränsar oss till företagens interna arbete samt den svenska secondhand-marknaden.Vi har genomfört en jämförande studie mellan två fallföretag och vi har strategiskt valt ut tre respondenter från företagen. Vi genomförde två personliga intervjuer samt en mailintervju. Information samlades även in genom företagens hemsida, litteratur samt artiklar.Våra teorier är byggda på de funktioner som vanligtvis bedrivs inom ett företags interna arbete. Det finns dock ett undantag gällande teorierna som kallas för ”reverse logistics” som inte är lika vanlig. Teorin handlar om att man återanvänder eller återvinner produkter och placerar dem i en ny värdekedja. Övriga teorier kopplas till företagens inköpsprocess, prissättningsstrategi, organisationsuppbyggnad samt marknadsförings- och varumärkesstrategi.Vi har sammanställt vår information om företagen genom att först skriva en allmän beskrivning om resp

The main purpose of this dissertation is to examine and understand the impact of the non-availability of project-based structure and the existing procurement method implemented in a semi-governmental company. Specifically, it addresses the resourcing and progress of an in-house accommodation building and ablution block construction project. First different academic studies on organizational structure, project-based structure and alternative structures are reviewed to gain an in-depth understanding of organizational structure and identifying alternatives means of developing a structure and system for the company’s in-house project. In order to understand the actual impact of the above problems on the overall progress of the in-house construction project, a project diary was completed by the researcher who is a civil engineer and was involved from the early stages of the project. The data collected was analyzed and it was noted that there was miscommunication internally between the team members and externally with other departments particularly in the process of purchasing materials and appointing sub-contractors. These tasks typically have taken between 2 weeks to 6 weeks resulting in late delivery of the project by 8 months from the original plan. Based on the analysis of the data and with the action research objective to overcome the problem of miscommunication it is recommended to develop a mini project-based structure that can be assembled when required by grouping employees from different departments and disbanding them after the project is completed. However for the procurement problem a detailed ‘Hard System Model of Change’ was developed to be recommended to senior management to avoid in future unnecessary problems created by processes failures in in-house projects.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to examine and understand the impact of the non-availability of project-based structure and the existing procurement method implemented in a semi-governmental company. Specifically, it addresses the resourcing and progress of an in-house accommodation building and ablution block construction project. First different academic studies on organizational structure, project-based structure and alternative structures are reviewed to gain an in-depth understanding of organizational structure and identifying alternatives means of developing a structure and system for the company’s in-house project. In order to understand the actual impact of the above problems on the overall progress of the in-house construction project, a project diary was completed by the researcher who is a civil engineer and was involved from the early stages of the project. The data collected was analyzed and it was noted that there was miscommunication internally between the team members and externally with other departments particularly in the process of purchasing materials and appointing sub-contractors. These tasks typically have taken between 2 weeks to 6 weeks resulting in late delivery of the project by 8 months from the original plan. Based on the analysis of the data and with the action research objective to overcome the problem of miscommunication it is recommended to develop a mini project-based structure that can be assembled when required by grouping employees from different departments and disbanding them after the project is completed. However for the procurement problem a detailed ‘Hard System Model of Change’ was developed to be recommended to senior management to avoid in future unnecessary problems created by processes failures in in-house projects.

Den svenska andrahandsmarknaden har under senare år växt sig allt starkare. Förklaringarna till det fenomenet är bl.a. den rådande miljödebatten och konsumenters nya medvetenhet till deras konsumtionsbeteende. Konsumenten har i dag ett behov att ha en individualistisk stil, vilket kan vara en anledning till secondhand-branschens nyvunna trendstatus och snabba expansion. Lågkonjunkturen, som drabbade Sverige 2008, kan även vara en anledning till den expanderande marknaden. Secondhand-branschen domineras av två olika typer av verksamheter, de ideella och de vinstdrivande secondhand-företagen. De två verksamheterna har olika syften som konsumenten kanske inte alltid uppmärksammar när han/hon väljer att handla andrahandskläder.Vårt syfte med studien är att jämföra ett ideellt och ett vinstdrivande secondhand-företags interna arbeten, samt analysera likheter och skillnader företagen emellan. Vi har valt att analysera företaget Myrorna, som får representera den ideella secondhand-verksamheten och företaget Beyond Retro som får representera den vinstdrivande secondhand-verksamheten. Vi avgränsar oss till företagens interna arbete samt den svenska secondhand-marknaden.Vi har genomfört en jämförande studie mellan två fallföretag och vi har strategiskt valt ut tre respondenter från företagen. Vi genomförde två personliga intervjuer samt en mailintervju. Information samlades även in genom företagens hemsida, litteratur samt artiklar.Våra teorier är byggda på de funktioner som vanligtvis bedrivs inom ett företags interna arbete. Det finns dock ett undantag gällande teorierna som kallas för ”reverse logistics” som inte är lika vanlig. Teorin handlar om att man återanvänder eller återvinner produkter och placerar dem i en ny värdekedja. Övriga teorier kopplas till företagens inköpsprocess, prissättningsstrategi, organisationsuppbyggnad samt marknadsförings- och varumärkesstrategi.Vi har sammanställt vår information om företagen genom att först skriva en allmän beskrivning om resp

Diplomová práce se zabývá projektem založení marketingového oddělení ve výrobní společnosti MESIT ronex spol. s r.o. . Hlavním zdrojem informací pro tuto práci byla dostupná literatura zabývající se touto problematikou. Praktická část popisuje a analyzuje současný stav marketingu ve společnosti MESIT ronex spol. s r.o. a charakterizuje stávající stav marketingu jako instituce ve zmíněné společnosti. V projektové části je předložen konkrétní návrh založení marketingového oddělení a je navrženo umístění tohoto nového oddělení do organizační struktury. Dále jsou zpracovány analýzy nutné pro rozhodování o akceptaci projektu. Celý projekt je podroben rizikové analýze a jsou stanoveny předpoklady pro další fungování marketingového oddělení v následujícím roce., This diploma thesis focuses on the marketing department establishment project in the pro-duction company MESIT ronex, Ltd. The main source of information for this thesis was available literature dealing with this issue. The practical part describes and analyzes the current state of marketing at MESIT ronex, Ltd. and characterizes the recent state of marketing as an institution in this company. The project part contains concrete proposal for establishment of the marketing department and positioning of this new department in the organizational structure is proposed. Fur-thermore, analyses essential for decision making on the project acceptance are processed. The entire project is subjected to a risk analysis and assumptions are set for further opera-tion of the marketing department in the following year., Ústav managementu a marketingu, obhájeno

Tato bakalářská práce se zabývá středním managementem v prostředí organizace, jeho specifiky a problémy z pohledu samotného manažera. Popisuje možné relevantní postupy a postoje, které jsou doporučovány na současných manažerských školách., This work deals with central management in world of organization, its specifics and problems in a view of manager. It describes possible relevant methods and attitudes, which are recommended at contemporary schools., Institut mezioborových studií, obhájeno

Problem : How does Japanese company coordinate with its subsidiaries in Thai and Chinese markets? Purpose : To describe organization structure of Japanese company as well as compare how headquarters coordinates with its subsidiaries in Thai and Chinese markets. Also, this thesis will give benefits for the academics and managers of other multinational corporations. Method : Qualitative approach and comparative design are implemented in this thesis meanwhile secondary data from internet, documentary research and primary data from semi-structured interview through telephone & email are used for collecting information. More importantly, Tokai Carbon is chosen as a case study to understand organization structure and its coordination between Japanese company and Thai & Chinese subsidiaries. Conclusion : The organization structure and coordination should be concerned in multinational corporations. Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. as a multinational Japanese company who runs business and establishes various subsidiaries in worldwide mostly centralizes power to headquarters. Also, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. applied means of formal and informal coordination in order to cooperate between Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. (headquarters) and Thai Tokai Carbon Product Co., Ltd (Thai subsidiaries) & Tokai Carbon Tianjin Co., Ltd. (Chinese subsidiaries). With respect to formal and informal mechanisms, these two mechanisms are similarly implemented in collaboration between headquarters and Thai & Chinese subsidiaries. Nonetheless, there are a few differences on informal tools in form of lateral relations and socialization.

The realization of large investment projects is an extremely complex undertaking both from technical and technological, as well as the organizational, legal and financial standpoint. Certainly that approach to the realization of such a project depends on a position which the participant has in it, whether the client or general contractor. Of course, other participants such as designers, supervisions etc. have their own specific approach. In any position, that is a participant in the project, for him it is of utmost importance to define the organizational structure of the team that will manage the project from his point of view. In this paper it is analyzed the approach to the formation of General contractor organizational structure for the realization of a large project.

Problem : How does Japanese company coordinate with its subsidiaries in Thai and Chinese markets? Purpose : To describe organization structure of Japanese company as well as compare how headquarters coordinates with its subsidiaries in Thai and Chinese markets. Also, this thesis will give benefits for the academics and managers of other multinational corporations. Method : Qualitative approach and comparative design are implemented in this thesis meanwhile secondary data from internet, documentary research and primary data from semi-structured interview through telephone & email are used for collecting information. More importantly, Tokai Carbon is chosen as a case study to understand organization structure and its coordination between Japanese company and Thai & Chinese subsidiaries. Conclusion : The organization structure and coordination should be concerned in multinational corporations. Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. as a multinational Japanese company who runs business and establishes various subsidiaries in worldwide mostly centralizes power to headquarters. Also, Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. applied means of formal and informal coordination in order to cooperate between Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. (headquarters) and Thai Tokai Carbon Product Co., Ltd (Thai subsidiaries) & Tokai Carbon Tianjin Co., Ltd. (Chinese subsidiaries). With respect to formal and informal mechanisms, these two mechanisms are similarly implemented in collaboration between headquarters and Thai & Chinese subsidiaries. Nonetheless, there are a few differences on informal tools in form of lateral relations and socialization.

Traditional organizational studies emphasize department groupings and the management style of differentorganizations that are often based on common tasks, products, geography and processes. They also mainlyemphasize the connection between construction supply chain and procurement methods but have not analysedof how external factors shape the organization structure and consequently the supply chain. Three things areanalysed: the impact of competitive pressure, required competence and degree of flexibility on various modes ofconstruction organization used for producing multi-family residential housing in Sweden from a transactioncost theory perspective. Organization structures depend on the level of project engagement, competencedemanded by the preferred organization mode as well as the economic environment, and the level ofconstruction activities., QC 20111114, Doctoral thesis: Performance of construction projects - Essays on supplier structure, construction costs and quality improvement