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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an integral part of most Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are currently proliferating providing a new paradigm of emerging technologies. It is estimated that the number of globally connected products will increase exponentially in the next decade. Therefore, it is not surprising finding applications in different areas such as smart homes, smart cities, industry, e-health, defense, security, vehicle networks, agriculture, and logistics among others. WSNs transmit the information gathered by the existing sensors in the IoT devices to header nodes acting as gateways to reach cloud computing nodes that will process this information. The processing of the data gathered through the sensors has made it possible to provide intelligence in strategical environments such as in the agrifood sector. Securing how this information is transmitted and assuring the integrity of the information is preserved. The use of blockchain technology has proven to be effective for securing the integrity of data transactions among entities. In this paper, we seize the advantage of this circumstance to design a robust mechanism based on smart contracts and blockchain technology that allow the reliable processing of data.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an integral part of most Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are currently proliferating providing a new paradigm of emerging technologies. It is estimated that the number of globally connected products will increase exponentially in the next decade. Therefore, it is not surprising finding applications in different areas such as smart homes, smart cities, industry, e-health, defense, security, vehicle networks, agriculture, and logistics among others. WSNs transmit the information gathered by the existing sensors in the IoT devices to header nodes acting as gateways to reach cloud computing nodes that will process this information. The processing of the data gathered through the sensors has made it possible to provide intelligence in strategical environments such as in the agrifood sector. Securing how this information is transmitted and assuring the integrity of the information is preserved. The use of blockchain technology has proven to be effective for securing the integrity of data transactions among entities. In this paper, we seize the advantage of this circumstance to design a robust mechanism based on smart contracts and blockchain technology that allow the reliable processing of data.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an integral part of most Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are currently proliferating providing a new paradigm of emerging technologies. It is estimated that the number of globally connected products will increase exponentially in the next decade. Therefore, it is not surprising finding applications in different areas such as smart homes, smart cities, industry, e-health, defense, security, vehicle networks, agriculture, and logistics among others. WSNs transmit the information gathered by the existing sensors in the IoT devices to header nodes acting as gateways to reach cloud computing nodes that will process this information. The processing of the data gathered through the sensors has made it possible to provide intelligence in strategical environments such as in the agrifood sector. Securing how this information is transmitted and assuring the integrity of the information is preserved. The use of blockchain technology has proven to be effective for securing the integrity of data transactions among entities. In this paper, we seize the advantage of this circumstance to design a robust mechanism based on smart contracts and blockchain technology that allow the reliable processing of data.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an integral part of most Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are currently proliferating providing a new paradigm of emerging technologies. It is estimated that the number of globally connected products will increase exponentially in the next decade. Therefore, it is not surprising finding applications in different areas such as smart homes, smart cities, industry, e-health, defense, security, vehicle networks, agriculture, and logistics among others. WSNs transmit the information gathered by the existing sensors in the IoT devices to header nodes acting as gateways to reach cloud computing nodes that will process this information. The processing of the data gathered through the sensors has made it possible to provide intelligence in strategical environments such as in the agrifood sector. Securing how this information is transmitted and assuring the integrity of the information is preserved. The use of blockchain technology has proven to be effective for securing the integrity of data transactions among entities. In this paper, we seize the advantage of this circumstance to design a robust mechanism based on smart contracts and blockchain technology that allow the reliable processing of data.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), as an integral part of most Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are currently proliferating providing a new paradigm of emerging technologies. It is estimated that the number of globally connected products will increase exponentially in the next decade. Therefore, it is not surprising finding applications in different areas such as smart homes, smart cities, industry, e-health, defense, security, vehicle networks, agriculture, and logistics among others. WSNs transmit the information gathered by the existing sensors in the IoT devices to header nodes acting as gateways to reach cloud computing nodes that will process this information. The processing of the data gathered through the sensors has made it possible to provide intelligence in strategical environments such as in the agrifood sector. Securing how this information is transmitted and assuring the integrity of the information is preserved. The use of blockchain technology has proven to be effective for securing the integrity of data transactions among entities. In this paper, we seize the advantage of this circumstance to design a robust mechanism based on smart contracts and blockchain technology that allow the reliable processing of data.

In this study, we propose a new approach to determine the contributions of primary vehicle exhaust (N1ff), primary biomass burning (N1bb) and secondary (N2) particles to mode segregated particle number concentrations. We used simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distribution in the 12–600 nm size range and black carbon (BC) concentration obtained during winter period at urban and suburban sites influenced by biomass burning (BB) emissions. As expected, larger aerosol number concentrations in the 12–25 and 25–100 nm size ranges are observed at the urban site compared to the suburban site. However, similar concentrations of BC are observed at both sites due to the larger contribution of BB particles to the observed BC at suburban (34%) in comparison to urban site (23%). Due to this influence of BB emissions in our study area, the application of the Rodríguez and Cuevas (2007) method, which was developed for areas mainly influenced by traffic emissions, leads to an overestimation of the primary vehicle exhaust particles concentrations by 18% and 26% in urban and suburban sites, respectively, as compared to our new proposed approach. The results show that (1) N2 is the main contributor in all size ranges at both sites, (2) N1ff is the main contributor to primary particles (>70%) in all size ranges at both sites and (3) N1bb contributes significantly to the primary particles in the 25–100 and 100–600 nm size ranges at the suburban (24% and 28%, respectively) and urban (13% and 20%, respectively) sites. At urban site, the N1ff contribution shows a slight increase with the increase of total particle concentration, reaching a contribution of up to 65% at high ambient aerosol concentrations. New particle formation events are an important aerosol source during summer noon hours but, on average, these events do not implicate a considerable contribution to urban particles.

The Knowledge Building International Project (KBIP), implemented in a network of eight schools in Catalonia, demonstrates the value of an Innovative Learning Environment (ILE) towards supporting dialogical, technological, and systemic dimensions in teaching and learning. Using a design-based research (DBR) approach, a survey queried teachers, students, and external stakeholders regarding their perceptions about educational innovation. The results provide both the profile and the innovative nature of the whole KBIP experience at each participating school. The main results help illustrate the potential of KBIP methodologies. The findings exemplify the value of this particular DBR method for evaluating educational innovations. © 2021, Canadian Network for Innovation in Education. All rights reserved.

The rapid development of Chinese film industry, together with the need to internationalise its productions, has led to the adaptation of one of the best-known foreign literary works: Don Quixote. By means of diverse qualitative methods, the article analyses and explores Don Quixote (A Gan, 2010), the only movie version of this classic existing in China to date. Theses’ version special feature is the free reinterpretation of the story, which proposes a fusion of cultural references by the sinicisation of this literary work and the incorporation of influences from Spanish modern culture. Specifically, in the sinicization process Don Quixote gets connected to the wuxia literature and the historical context of Tang Dynasty, proposing an unprecedented scenario for the adaptation of this universal classic. Moreover, the movie presents an aesthetic and commercial dimension without precedent of Don Quixote because it is constituted as a great 3D production, full of visual effects and animation fragments., El rápido desarrollo de la industria cinematográfica china, junto a la necesidad de internacionalizar sus producciones, ha promovido la adaptación de una de las obras literarias extranjeras más reconocidas: el Quijote. Mediante diversos métodos de naturaleza cualitativa, el artículo analiza y explora Biografía de un espadachín caballeresco mágico: Tang Ji Ke De (A Gan, 2010), la única versión cinematográfica de este clásico que existe hasta ahora en China. La particularidad de esta versión reside en la libre reinterpretación de la historia, que propone un mestizaje de referencias culturales mediante la sinización de esta obra literaria y la incorporación de influencias de la cultura moderna española. En el proceso de sinización, en concreto, don Quijote se vincula con la literatura wuxia y el contexto histórico de la dinastía Tang, proponiendo un escenario inédito para la adaptación de este clásico universal. Igualmente, el film plantea una dimensión estética y comercial sin precedentes del Quijote al constituirse como una gran producción en 3D, recargada de efectos visuales y con fragmentos de animación.

Objetivos Los implantes óseos son utilizados cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la práctica clínica y, entre los materiales, el Ti o sus aleaciones son los de mejor rendimiento por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Aleaciones como TiNbTa han demostrado mejorar las características biomecánicas del Ti puro comercial (c.p.), sin embargo, su capacidad osteointegradora necesita ser evaluada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la citotoxicidad y la capacidad de adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación de células osteoblásticas en cultivo, influida por discos de material TiNbTa frente a Ti c.p. Material y métodos Analizamos a los 4 y 7 días del cultivo la línea celular MC3T3, la viabilidad celular (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, España), así como la proliferación y diferenciación celular (actividad de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (Fijación para SEM). Se realizó la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de discos de estudio. Resultados Los resultados obtenidos demuestran muy buena viabilidad celular durante el periodo de estudio, sin diferencias significativas para ambos materiales. Así mismo, detectamos una caída en los niveles de ALP que fue significativa para ambos componentes entre los días 4 y 7 del estudio (p<0,05). Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica revelaron buena capacidad de adhesión al material, así como diferenciación celular frente a ambos tipos de discos. Conclusiones La aleación de TiNbTa como material para implantes óseos cuenta con una buena capacidad osteointegradora, además de resolver problemas de biomecánica que presenta el titanio puro como componente., Objetive Bone implants are increasingly used in clinical practice and, among the materials, Ti or its alloys are offer the best performance given their physicochemical properties. Alloys such as TiNbTa have been shown to improve the biomechanical characteristics of commercial pure Ti (c.p.), however, its osseointegration capacity needs to be evaluated. The objective of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity and the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation capacity of osteoblastic cells in culture, influenced by discs of TiNbTa material versus Ti c.p. Material and methods At 4 and 7 days after culture, we analyzed the MC3T3 cell line, cell viability (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, Spain), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and scanning electron microscopy (Fixation for SEM) Student's t test was performed to determine statistically significant differences between the two groups of study discs. Results The results obtained show very good cell viability during the study period, with no significant differences for both materials. Likewise, we detected a drop in ALP levels that was significant for both components between days 4 and 7 of the study (p <0.05). Electron microscopy images revealed good adhesion capacity to the material, as well as cell differentiation against both types of discs. Conclusions The TiNbTa alloy as a material for bone implants offers good osseointegrative capacity, in addition to solving biomechanical problems that pure titanium presents as a component.

Objetivos Los implantes óseos son utilizados cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la práctica clínica y, entre los materiales, el Ti o sus aleaciones son los de mejor rendimiento por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Aleaciones como TiNbTa han demostrado mejorar las características biomecánicas del Ti puro comercial (c.p.), sin embargo, su capacidad osteointegradora necesita ser evaluada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la citotoxicidad y la capacidad de adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación de células osteoblásticas en cultivo, influida por discos de material TiNbTa frente a Ti c.p. Material y métodos Analizamos a los 4 y 7 días del cultivo la línea celular MC3T3, la viabilidad celular (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, España), así como la proliferación y diferenciación celular (actividad de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (Fijación para SEM). Se realizó la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de discos de estudio. Resultados Los resultados obtenidos demuestran muy buena viabilidad celular durante el periodo de estudio, sin diferencias significativas para ambos materiales. Así mismo, detectamos una caída en los niveles de ALP que fue significativa para ambos componentes entre los días 4 y 7 del estudio (p<0,05). Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica revelaron buena capacidad de adhesión al material, así como diferenciación celular frente a ambos tipos de discos. Conclusiones La aleación de TiNbTa como material para implantes óseos cuenta con una buena capacidad osteointegradora, además de resolver problemas de biomecánica que presenta el titanio puro como componente., Objetive Bone implants are increasingly used in clinical practice and, among the materials, Ti or its alloys are offer the best performance given their physicochemical properties. Alloys such as TiNbTa have been shown to improve the biomechanical characteristics of commercial pure Ti (c.p.), however, its osseointegration capacity needs to be evaluated. The objective of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity and the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation capacity of osteoblastic cells in culture, influenced by discs of TiNbTa material versus Ti c.p. Material and methods At 4 and 7 days after culture, we analyzed the MC3T3 cell line, cell viability (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, Spain), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and scanning electron microscopy (Fixation for SEM) Student's t test was performed to determine statistically significant differences between the two groups of study discs. Results The results obtained show very good cell viability during the study period, with no significant differences for both materials. Likewise, we detected a drop in ALP levels that was significant for both components between days 4 and 7 of the study (p <0.05). Electron microscopy images revealed good adhesion capacity to the material, as well as cell differentiation against both types of discs. Conclusions The TiNbTa alloy as a material for bone implants offers good osseointegrative capacity, in addition to solving biomechanical problems that pure titanium presents as a component.

Objetivos Los implantes óseos son utilizados cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la práctica clínica y, entre los materiales, el Ti o sus aleaciones son los de mejor rendimiento por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Aleaciones como TiNbTa han demostrado mejorar las características biomecánicas del Ti puro comercial (c.p.), sin embargo, su capacidad osteointegradora necesita ser evaluada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la citotoxicidad y la capacidad de adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación de células osteoblásticas en cultivo, influida por discos de material TiNbTa frente a Ti c.p. Material y métodos Analizamos a los 4 y 7 días del cultivo la línea celular MC3T3, la viabilidad celular (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, España), así como la proliferación y diferenciación celular (actividad de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (Fijación para SEM). Se realizó la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de discos de estudio. Resultados Los resultados obtenidos demuestran muy buena viabilidad celular durante el periodo de estudio, sin diferencias significativas para ambos materiales. Así mismo, detectamos una caída en los niveles de ALP que fue significativa para ambos componentes entre los días 4 y 7 del estudio (p<0,05). Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica revelaron buena capacidad de adhesión al material, así como diferenciación celular frente a ambos tipos de discos. Conclusiones La aleación de TiNbTa como material para implantes óseos cuenta con una buena capacidad osteointegradora, además de resolver problemas de biomecánica que presenta el titanio puro como componente., Objetive Bone implants are increasingly used in clinical practice and, among the materials, Ti or its alloys are offer the best performance given their physicochemical properties. Alloys such as TiNbTa have been shown to improve the biomechanical characteristics of commercial pure Ti (c.p.), however, its osseointegration capacity needs to be evaluated. The objective of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity and the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation capacity of osteoblastic cells in culture, influenced by discs of TiNbTa material versus Ti c.p. Material and methods At 4 and 7 days after culture, we analyzed the MC3T3 cell line, cell viability (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, Spain), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and scanning electron microscopy (Fixation for SEM) Student's t test was performed to determine statistically significant differences between the two groups of study discs. Results The results obtained show very good cell viability during the study period, with no significant differences for both materials. Likewise, we detected a drop in ALP levels that was significant for both components between days 4 and 7 of the study (p <0.05). Electron microscopy images revealed good adhesion capacity to the material, as well as cell differentiation against both types of discs. Conclusions The TiNbTa alloy as a material for bone implants offers good osseointegrative capacity, in addition to solving biomechanical problems that pure titanium presents as a component.

Objetivos Los implantes óseos son utilizados cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la práctica clínica y, entre los materiales, el Ti o sus aleaciones son los de mejor rendimiento por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Aleaciones como TiNbTa han demostrado mejorar las características biomecánicas del Ti puro comercial (c.p.), sin embargo, su capacidad osteointegradora necesita ser evaluada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la citotoxicidad y la capacidad de adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación de células osteoblásticas en cultivo, influida por discos de material TiNbTa frente a Ti c.p. Material y métodos Analizamos a los 4 y 7 días del cultivo la línea celular MC3T3, la viabilidad celular (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, España), así como la proliferación y diferenciación celular (actividad de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (Fijación para SEM). Se realizó la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de discos de estudio. Resultados Los resultados obtenidos demuestran muy buena viabilidad celular durante el periodo de estudio, sin diferencias significativas para ambos materiales. Así mismo, detectamos una caída en los niveles de ALP que fue significativa para ambos componentes entre los días 4 y 7 del estudio (p<0,05). Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica revelaron buena capacidad de adhesión al material, así como diferenciación celular frente a ambos tipos de discos. Conclusiones La aleación de TiNbTa como material para implantes óseos cuenta con una buena capacidad osteointegradora, además de resolver problemas de biomecánica que presenta el titanio puro como componente., Objetive Bone implants are increasingly used in clinical practice and, among the materials, Ti or its alloys are offer the best performance given their physicochemical properties. Alloys such as TiNbTa have been shown to improve the biomechanical characteristics of commercial pure Ti (c.p.), however, its osseointegration capacity needs to be evaluated. The objective of the present study was to assess the cytotoxicity and the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation capacity of osteoblastic cells in culture, influenced by discs of TiNbTa material versus Ti c.p. Material and methods At 4 and 7 days after culture, we analyzed the MC3T3 cell line, cell viability (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, Spain), as well as cell proliferation and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and scanning electron microscopy (Fixation for SEM) Student's t test was performed to determine statistically significant differences between the two groups of study discs. Results The results obtained show very good cell viability during the study period, with no significant differences for both materials. Likewise, we detected a drop in ALP levels that was significant for both components between days 4 and 7 of the study (p <0.05). Electron microscopy images revealed good adhesion capacity to the material, as well as cell differentiation against both types of discs. Conclusions The TiNbTa alloy as a material for bone implants offers good osseointegrative capacity, in addition to solving biomechanical problems that pure titanium presents as a component.

OBJETIVOS Los implantes óseos son utilizados cada vez con mayor frecuencia en la práctica clínica y, entre los materiales, el Ti o sus aleaciones son los de mejor rendimiento por sus propiedades fisicoquímicas. Aleaciones como TiNbTa han demostrado mejorar las características biomecánicas del Ti puro comercial (c.p.), sin embargo, su capacidad osteointegradora necesita ser evaluada. El objetivo del presente estudio fue valorar la citotoxicidad y la capacidad de adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación de células osteoblásticas en cultivo, influida por discos de material TiNbTa frente a Ti c.p. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS Analizamos a los 4 y 7 días del cultivo la línea celular MC3T3, la viabilidad celular (AlamarBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Invitrogen, España), así como la proliferación y diferenciación celular (actividad de fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (Fijación para SEM). Se realizó la prueba t de Student para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos de discos de estudio. RESULTADOS Los resultados obtenidos demuestran muy buena viabilidad celular durante el periodo de estudio, sin diferencias significativas para ambos materiales. Así mismo, detectamos una caída en los niveles de ALP que fue significativa para ambos componentes entre los días 4 y 7 del estudio (p<0,05). Las imágenes de microscopía electrónica revelaron buena capacidad de adhesión al material, así como diferenciación celular frente a ambos tipos de discos. CONCLUSIONES La aleación de TiNbTa como material para implantes óseos cuenta con una buena capacidad osteointegradora, además de resolver problemas de biomecánica que presenta el titanio puro como componente.

[Summary]: The coordination of Fracture Liaison Services (FLS) with Primary Care (PC) is necessary for the continuity of care of patients with fragility fractures. This study proposes a Best Practice Framework (BPF) and performance indicators for the implementation and follow-up of FLS-PC coordination in clinical practice in Spain. [Purpose]: To develop a BPF for the coordination of FLS with PC in Spain and to improve the continuity of care for patients with fragility fractures. [Methods]: A Steering Committee selected experts from seven Spanish FLS and related PC doctors and nurses to participate in a best practice workshop. Selection criteria were an active FLS with an identified champion and prior contact with PC centres linked to the hospital. The main aim of the workshop was to review current FLS practices in Spain and their integration with PC. A BPF document with processes, tools, roles, and metrics was then generated. [Results]: Spanish FLS consists of a multidisciplinary team of physicians/nurses but with low participation of other professionals and PC staff. Evaluation and treatment strategies are widely variable. Four desired standards were agreed upon: (1) Effective channels for FLS-PC communication; (2) minimum contents of an FLS clinical report and its delivery to PC; (3) adherence monitoring 3 months after FLS baseline visit; and (4) follow-up by PC. Proposed key performance indicators are (a) number of FLS-PC communications, including consensus protocols; (b) confirmation FLS report received by PC; (c) medical/nursing PC appointment after FLS report received; and (d) number of training sessions in PC. [Conclusions]: The BPF provides a comprehensive approach for FLS-PC coordination in Spain, to promote the continuity of care in patients with fragility fractures and improve secondary prevention. The implementation of BPF recommendations and performance indicator tracking will benchmark best FLS practices in the future.

In this work we show the influence that the evolution of software has had on the creative development of our digital society. Within the broad spectrum of possibilities that this phenomenon has generated, we focus on a creative trend of live audiovisual production that revives classical cultures, such as the Rave culture, from research with live code programming for audiovisual creation by free software, the Algorave. Taking as reference Alex McLean, founder of the largest Live Coding event in the world, the Algorave, we will go through these creative audiovisual practices of Live Coding within the Algorave environment. Through qualitative research over different interviews, publications and observation of the content of these performances, we will learn about the creative contents of this artistic trend. Since the 1990s, the computer has become a fundamental tool in the creative process of audiovisual artists, both live and in the studio. It is clear from this study that the work with the computer allows an interdisciplinary production that breaks down the hierarchies between artist and user and promotes the transversal participation between research groups., En este trabajo mostramos la influencia que la evolución del software ha supuesto en el desarrollo creativo de nuestra sociedad digital. Dentro del amplio espectro de posibilidades que este fenómeno ha generado, nos centramos en una tendencia creativa de producción audiovisual en directo que revive culturas clásicas, como es el caso de la cultura Rave, a partir de la investigación con la programación de código en vivo para la creación audiovisual mediante el uso software libre, la Algorave. Tomando como referencia a Alex McLean, fundador del mayor evento de Live Coding a escala mundial, la Algorave, realizaremos un recorrido por estas prácticas creativas audiovisuales de Live Coding dentro del ambiente de la Algorave. Mediante la investigación cualitativa a través de diferentes entrevistas, publicaciones y observación del contenido de estas performances, se recogen los contenidos creativos de esta tendencia artística. Desde los años 90, la computadora se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en el proceso creativo de los artistas audiovisuales, tanto del directo como de estudio. Se desprende de este estudio que el trabajo con la computadora permite una producción interdisciplinar que deshace las jerarquías entre artista y usuario, además de fomentar la participación transversal entre grupos de investigación.

In this work we show the influence that the evolution of software has had on the creative development of our digital society. Within the broad spectrum of possibilities that this phenomenon has generated, we focus on a creative trend of live audiovisual production that revives classical cultures, such as the Rave culture, from research with live code programming for audiovisual creation by free software, the Algorave. Taking as reference Alex McLean, founder of the largest Live Coding event in the world, the Algorave, we will go through these creative audiovisual practices of Live Coding within the Algorave environment. Through qualitative research over different interviews, publications and observation of the content of these performances, we will learn about the creative contents of this artistic trend. Since the 1990s, the computer has become a fundamental tool in the creative process of audiovisual artists, both live and in the studio. It is clear from this study that the work with the computer allows an interdisciplinary production that breaks down the hierarchies between artist and user and promotes the transversal participation between research groups., En este trabajo mostramos la influencia que la evolución del software ha supuesto en el desarrollo creativo de nuestra sociedad digital. Dentro del amplio espectro de posibilidades que este fenómeno ha generado, nos centramos en una tendencia creativa de producción audiovisual en directo que revive culturas clásicas, como es el caso de la cultura Rave, a partir de la investigación con la programación de código en vivo para la creación audiovisual mediante el uso software libre, la Algorave. Tomando como referencia a Alex McLean, fundador del mayor evento de Live Coding a escala mundial, la Algorave, realizaremos un recorrido por estas prácticas creativas audiovisuales de Live Coding dentro del ambiente de la Algorave. Mediante la investigación cualitativa a través de diferentes entrevistas, publicaciones y observación del contenido de estas performances, se recogen los contenidos creativos de esta tendencia artística. Desde los años 90, la computadora se ha convertido en una herramienta fundamental en el proceso creativo de los artistas audiovisuales, tanto del directo como de estudio. Se desprende de este estudio que el trabajo con la computadora permite una producción interdisciplinar que deshace las jerarquías entre artista y usuario, además de fomentar la participación transversal entre grupos de investigación.

The synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some simple dialkyl pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylates (compounds 2–6) and their sodium salts (pyrazolates) (compounds 7–9) against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis are reported. In most cases the studied compounds showed, especially against the clinically significant amastigote forms, in vitro activities higher than those of the reference drugs (benznidazole for T. cruzi and glucantime for Leishmania spp.); furthermore, the low non-specific cytotoxicities against Vero cells and macrophages shown by these compounds led to good selectivity indexes, which are 8–72 times higher for T. cruzi amastigotes and 15–113 times higher for Leishmania spp. amastigotes than those of the respective reference drugs. The high efficiency of diethyl ester 3 and its sodium salt 8 against the mentioned protozoa was confirmed by further in vitro assays on infection rates and by an additional in vivo study in a murine model of acute and chronic Chagas disease. The inhibitory capacity of compounds 3 and 8 on the essential iron superoxide dismutase of the aforementioned parasites may be related to the observed anti-trypanosomatid activity. The low acute toxicity of compounds 3 and 8 in mice is also reported in this article.

Las malformaciones congénitas son alteraciones anatómicas que ocurren en la etapa intrauterina, pueden afectar a distintas localizaciones u órganos y tener distinta gravedad y etiología. En este trabajo, se revisan todos los casos de malformaciones congénitas en las especies ovina y caprina, encontrados en los casos recibidos en el Servicio de Diagnóstico Anatomopatológico de la Facultad de Veterinaria de la Universidad de León en los últimos 15 años, donde han sido más de 2000 los casos de estas especies estudiados. La mayor frecuencia de malformaciones se ha encontrado en el sistema nervioso central, sobre todo la hipoplasia de cerebelo e hidranencefalia, que se han asociado a infecciones por pestivirus principalmente. También se han registrado casos de lisencefalia con hipoplasia del cerebelo, asociados a una mutación en el gen RELN, que codifica la reelina, proteína involucrada en la migración neuronal. Las malformaciones del sistema músculo-esquelético, principalmente artrogriposis o defectos en la columna vertebral (escoliosis, cifosis, lordosis). han aparecido en muchos casos relacionadas con alteraciones nerviosas, causadas por pestivirus o el virus de la enfermedad de Schmallenberg. De forma más esporádica, se han registrado casos de ausencia total o parcial de extremidades, policefalia, etc. En la cabeza, los casos de paladar hendido han sido los más comunes, junto con braquignatia e incluso agnatia, y de forma más esporádica, fetos con ciclopía o microftalmia. En la piel, se han diagnosticado procesos congénitos de epidermólisis bullosa distrófica y juntura!, estos últimos asociados a mutaciones en el gen que codifica la integrina --4. Las malformaciones cardiacas más frecuentemente encontradas han sido el conducto arteria-venoso persistente, orificios interventriculares y displasia valvular. De forma más reducida, hay registrados casos de hipoplasia de lóbulos pulmonares y hepáticos, aplasia unilateral renal y uterina, atresia de vías urinarias con hidr

Knowledge of the scattering enhancement factor,.f(RH), is important for an accurate description of direct aerosol radiative forcing. This factor is defined as the ratio between the scattering coefficient at enhanced relative humidity, RH, to a reference (dry) scattering coefficient. Here, we review the different experimental designs used to measure the scattering coefficient at dry and humidified conditions as well as the procedures followed to analyze the measurements. Several empirical parameterizations for the relationship between f(RH) and RH have been proposed in the literature. These parameterizations have been reviewed and tested using experimental data representative of different hygroscopic growth behavior and a new parameterization is presented. The potential sources of error in f(RH) are discussed. A Monte Carlo method is used to investigate the overall measurement uncertainty, which is found to be around 20-40% for moderately hygroscopic aerosols. The main factors contributing to this uncertainty are the uncertainty in RH measurement, the dry reference state and the nephelometer uncertainty. A literature survey of nephelometry-based f(RH) measurements is presented as a function of aerosol type. In general, the highest f(RH) values were measured in clean marine environments, with pollution having a major influence on f(RH). Dust aerosol tended to have the lowest reported hygroscopicity of any of the aerosol types studied. Major open questions and suggestions for future research priorities are outlined.

[ES] Uso de ésteres derivados de pirazol, preferiblemente derivados protón-ionizables en forma neutra o en forma de sales (pirazolatos), como medicamentos y más particularmente para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de enfermedades de origen parasitario tales como la enfermedad de Chagas o la leishmaniasis., [EN] The invention relates to the use of ester derivatives of pyrazole, preferably proton-ionizable derivatives in neutral form or in the form of salts (pyrazolates), as drugs and, more particularly, for preventing and/or for treating diseases of parasitic origin such as Chagas disease or leishmaniasis.

Uso de ésteres derivados de pirazol, preferiblemente derivados protón-ionizables en forma neutra o en forma de sales (pirazolatos), como medicamentos y más particularmente para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de enfermedades de origen parasitario tales como la enfermedad de Chagas o la leishmaniasis.

[EN] The invention relates to the use of ester derivatives of pyrazole, preferably proton-ionizable derivatives in neutral form or in the form of salts (pyrazolates), as drugs and, more particularly, for preventing and/or for treating diseases of parasitic origin such as Chagas disease or leishmaniasis., [ES] Uso de ésteres derivados de pirazol, preferiblemente derivados protón-ionizables en forma neutra o en forma de sales (pirazolatos), como medicamentos y más particularmente para la prevención y/o el tratamiento de enfermedades de origen parasitario tales como la enfermedad de Chagas o la leishmaniasis.

The in vitro leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of pyrazole-containing macrocyclic polyamines 1-4 was assayed on Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis species. Compounds 1-4 were more active and less toxic than glucantime and both infection rates and ultrastructural alterations confirmed that 1 and 2 were highly leishmanicidal and induced extensive parasite cell damage. Modifications in the excretion products of parasites treated with 1-3 were also consistent with substantial cytoplasm alterations. Compound 2 was highlighted as a potent inhibitor of Fe-SOD in both species, whereas its effect on human CuZn-SOD was poor. Molecular modelling suggested that 2 could deactivate Fe-SOD due to a sterically favoured enhanced ability to interact with the H-bonding net that supports the enzyme's antioxidant features. © Cambridge University Press 2014.

The Eyjafjallajökull ash that crossed over Spain and Portugal on 6e12 May 2010 has been monitored by a set of operational sun photometer sites within AERONET-RIMA and satellite sensors. The sun photometer observations (aerosol optical depth, coarse mode concentrations) and ash products from IASI and SEVIRI satellite sensors, together with FLEXPART simulations of particle transport, allow identifying the volcanic aerosols. The aerosol columnar properties derived from inversions were investigated, indicating specific properties, especially regarding the absorption. The single scattering albedo was high (0.95 at 440 nm) and nearly wavelength independent, although with slight decrease with wavelength. Other parameters, like the fine mode fraction of the volume size distributions (0.20e0.80) or the portion of spherical particles (15e90%), were very variable among the sites and indicated that the various ash clouds were inhomogeneous with respect to particle size and shape., Postprint (published version)

We present a comparison of aerosol properties derived from in situ and remote sensing instruments during DAMOCLES campaign, aimed at investigating the equivalence between the instrumentation and methodologies employed by several Spanish groups to study atmospheric aerosols at a regional background site. The complete set of instruments available during this closure experiment allowed collecting a valuable high-resolution aerosol measurement data set. The data set was augmented with airborne in situ measurements carried out in order to characterize aerosol particles during the midday of 29 June 2006. This work is focused on aerosol measurements using different techniques of high-quality instruments (ground-based remote sensing and aircraft in situ) and their comparisons to characterize the aerosol vertical profiles. Our results indicate that the variability between the detected aerosol layers was negligible in terms of aerosol optical properties and size distributions. Relative differences in aerosol extinction coefficient profiles were less than 20% at 355 and 532 nm and less than 30% at 1064 nm, in the region with high aerosol concentration. Absolute differences in aerosol optical depth (AOD) were below 0.01 at 532 and 1064 nm and less than 0.02 at 355 nm, less than the uncertainties assumed in the AOD obtained from elastic lidar. Columnar values of the lidar ratio revealed some discrepancies with respect to the in situ aircraft measurements, caused fundamentally by the lack of information in the lowest part of the boundary layer., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

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