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[Background]The kidney is always subjected to high metabolic demand. The aim of this study was to characterize metabolic profiles of a rat model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) induced by prolonged hypertension. [Methods]We used inbred male Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats fed an 8% NaCl diet from six weeks of age (high-salt; HS group) or a 0.3% NaCl diet as controls (low-salt; LS group). We analyzed function, pathology, metabolome, and the gene expression related to energy metabolism of the kidney. [Results]DS rats with a high-salt diet showed hypertension at 11 weeks of age and elevated serum levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with heart failure at 21 weeks of age. The fibrotic area in the kidneys increased at 21 weeks of age. In addition, gene expression related to mitochondrial function was largely decreased. The levels of citrate and isocitrate increased and the gene expression of alpha-ketoglutaratedehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA synthetase decreased; these are enzymes that metabolize citrate and isocitrate, respectively. In addition, the levels of succinate and acetyl Co-A, both of which are metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, decreased. [Conclusions]DS rats fed a high-salt diet were deemed a suitable model of CKD with CRS. Gene expression and metabolites related to energy metabolism and mitochondria in the kidney significantly changed in DS rats with hypertension in accordance with the progression of renal injury.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon is a rare entity; however, this type of tumor is known for its aggressive progression and poor prognosis(1). We describe a case of a 63-year-old Japanese female with a NEC of the cecum who received laparoscopic assisted right-hemicolectomy in this report. Histopathological findings of the resected specimen revealed a low-grade atypical gland (adenoma or well-differentiated adenocarcinorma) in the mucosa, but most of the tumor was composed of small cells with a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio mainly under the submucosa and had small foci of squamous cell carcinoma. On immunohistochemical staining, these atypical cells showed positive reactions for CD56, and the lesion was diagnosed as NEC of the colon. Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil / leucovorin was performed, but multiple liver metastases were detected 5 months after the operation. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil was given as second-line treatment, the patient survived for 18 months after the operation. We reported a case of colonic NEC with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, because of it is interest when considering the differentiation of neoplastic colonic NE cells. Abbreviations: neuroendocrine (NE), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)