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1. Major Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Magnetic Reconnection and Related Explosive Phenomena throughout the Universe

Author

Ji, H., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., Zweibel, E., Ji, H., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., and Zweibel, E.

Abstract

This white paper summarizes major scientific challenges and opportunities in understanding magnetic reconnection and related explosive phenomena as a fundamental plasma process., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, white paper submitted to both Plasma 2020 and Astro 2020 Decadal Surveys

Published
2020

2. Major Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Magnetic Reconnection and Related Explosive Phenomena in Solar and Heliospheric Plasmas

Author

Ji, H., Karpen, J., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Bhattacharjee, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, B., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Comisso, L., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hare, J., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Lebedev, S., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sironi, L., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., Swisdak, M., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., Zweibel, E., Ji, H., Karpen, J., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Bhattacharjee, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, B., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Comisso, L., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hare, J., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Lebedev, S., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sironi, L., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., Swisdak, M., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., and Zweibel, E.

Abstract

Magnetic reconnection underlies many explosive phenomena in the heliosphere and in laboratory plasmas. The new research capabilities in theory/simulations, observations, and laboratory experiments provide the opportunity to solve the grand scientific challenges summarized in this whitepaper. Success will require enhanced and sustained investments from relevant funding agencies, increased interagency/international partnerships, and close collaborations of the solar, heliospheric, and laboratory plasma communities. These investments will deliver transformative progress in understanding magnetic reconnection and related explosive phenomena including space weather events., Comment: 4 pages (including a title page), white paper submitted to Helio2050 workshop at https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/helio2050/. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2004.00079

Published
2020

3. Major Scientific Challenges and Opportunities in Understanding Magnetic Reconnection and Related Explosive Phenomena throughout the Universe

Author

Ji, H., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., Zweibel, E., Ji, H., Alt, A., Antiochos, S., Baalrud, S., Bale, S., Bellan, P. M., Begelman, M., Beresnyak, A., Blackman, E. G., Brennan, D., Brown, M., Buechner, J., Burch, J., Cassak, P., Chen, L. -J., Chen, Y., Chien, A., Craig, D., Dahlin, J., Daughton, W., DeLuca, E., Dong, C. F., Dorfman, S., Drake, J., Ebrahimi, F., Egedal, J., Ergun, R., Eyink, G., Fan, Y., Fiksel, G., Forest, C., Fox, W., Froula, D., Fujimoto, K., Gao, L., Genestreti, K., Gibson, S., Goldstein, M., Guo, F., Hesse, M., Hoshino, M., Hu, Q., Huang, Y. -M., Jara-Almonte, J., Karimabadi, H., Klimchuk, J., Kunz, M., Kusano, K., Lazarian, A., Le, A., Li, H., Li, X., Lin, Y., Linton, M., Liu, Y. -H., Liu, W., Longcope, D., Loureiro, N., Lu, Q. -M., Ma, Z-W., Matthaeus, W. H., Meyerhofer, D., Mozer, F., Munsat, T., Murphy, N. A., Nilson, P., Ono, Y., Opher, M., Park, H., Parker, S., Petropoulou, M., Phan, T., Prager, S., Rempel, M., Ren, C., Ren, Y., Rosner, R., Roytershteyn, V., Sarff, J., Savcheva, A., Schaffner, D., Schoeffier, K., Scime, E., Shay, M., Sitnov, M., Stanier, A., TenBarge, J., Tharp, T., Uzdensky, D., Vaivads, A., Velli, M., Vishniac, E., Wang, H., Werner, G., Xiao, C., Yamada, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoo, J., Zenitani, S., and Zweibel, E.

Abstract

This white paper summarizes major scientific challenges and opportunities in understanding magnetic reconnection and related explosive phenomena as a fundamental plasma process., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, white paper submitted to both Plasma 2020 and Astro 2020 Decadal Surveys

Published
2020

4. Laser-Plasma Interactions Enabled by Emerging Technologies

Author

Palastro, JP, Palastro, JP, Albert, F, Albright, B, Jr, TM Antonsen, Arefiev, A, Bates, J, Berger, R, Bromage, J, Campbell, M, Chapman, T, Chowdhury, E, Colaïtis, A, Dorrer, C, Esarey, E, Fiúza, F, Fisch, N, Follett, R, Froula, D, Glenzer, S, Gordon, D, Haberberger, D, Hegelich, BM, Jones, T, Kaganovich, D, Krushelnick, K, Michel, P, Milchberg, H, Moloney, J, Mori, W, Myatt, J, Nilson, P, Obenschain, S, Peebles, J, Peñano, J, Richardson, M, Rinderknecht, H, Rocca, J, Schmitt, A, Schroeder, C, Shaw, J, Silva, L, Strozzi, D, Suckewer, S, Thomas, A, Tsung, F, Turnbull, D, Umstadter, D, Vieira, J, Weaver, J, Wei, M, Wilks, S, Willingale, L, Yin, L, Zuegel, J, Palastro, JP, Palastro, JP, Albert, F, Albright, B, Jr, TM Antonsen, Arefiev, A, Bates, J, Berger, R, Bromage, J, Campbell, M, Chapman, T, Chowdhury, E, Colaïtis, A, Dorrer, C, Esarey, E, Fiúza, F, Fisch, N, Follett, R, Froula, D, Glenzer, S, Gordon, D, Haberberger, D, Hegelich, BM, Jones, T, Kaganovich, D, Krushelnick, K, Michel, P, Milchberg, H, Moloney, J, Mori, W, Myatt, J, Nilson, P, Obenschain, S, Peebles, J, Peñano, J, Richardson, M, Rinderknecht, H, Rocca, J, Schmitt, A, Schroeder, C, Shaw, J, Silva, L, Strozzi, D, Suckewer, S, Thomas, A, Tsung, F, Turnbull, D, Umstadter, D, Vieira, J, Weaver, J, Wei, M, Wilks, S, Willingale, L, Yin, L, and Zuegel, J

Abstract

An overview from the past and an outlook for the future of fundamental laser-plasma interactions research enabled by emerging laser systems.

Published
2019

5. Laser-Plasma Interactions Enabled by Emerging Technologies

Author

Palastro, JP, Palastro, JP, Albert, F, Albright, B, Jr, TM Antonsen, Arefiev, A, Bates, J, Berger, R, Bromage, J, Campbell, M, Chapman, T, Chowdhury, E, Colaïtis, A, Dorrer, C, Esarey, E, Fiúza, F, Fisch, N, Follett, R, Froula, D, Glenzer, S, Gordon, D, Haberberger, D, Hegelich, BM, Jones, T, Kaganovich, D, Krushelnick, K, Michel, P, Milchberg, H, Moloney, J, Mori, W, Myatt, J, Nilson, P, Obenschain, S, Peebles, J, Peñano, J, Richardson, M, Rinderknecht, H, Rocca, J, Schmitt, A, Schroeder, C, Shaw, J, Silva, L, Strozzi, D, Suckewer, S, Thomas, A, Tsung, F, Turnbull, D, Umstadter, D, Vieira, J, Weaver, J, Wei, M, Wilks, S, Willingale, L, Yin, L, Zuegel, J, Palastro, JP, Palastro, JP, Albert, F, Albright, B, Jr, TM Antonsen, Arefiev, A, Bates, J, Berger, R, Bromage, J, Campbell, M, Chapman, T, Chowdhury, E, Colaïtis, A, Dorrer, C, Esarey, E, Fiúza, F, Fisch, N, Follett, R, Froula, D, Glenzer, S, Gordon, D, Haberberger, D, Hegelich, BM, Jones, T, Kaganovich, D, Krushelnick, K, Michel, P, Milchberg, H, Moloney, J, Mori, W, Myatt, J, Nilson, P, Obenschain, S, Peebles, J, Peñano, J, Richardson, M, Rinderknecht, H, Rocca, J, Schmitt, A, Schroeder, C, Shaw, J, Silva, L, Strozzi, D, Suckewer, S, Thomas, A, Tsung, F, Turnbull, D, Umstadter, D, Vieira, J, Weaver, J, Wei, M, Wilks, S, Willingale, L, Yin, L, and Zuegel, J

Abstract

An overview from the past and an outlook for the future of fundamental laser-plasma interactions research enabled by emerging laser systems.

Published
2019

6. Relativistic intensity laser interactions with low-density plasmas

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Zulick, C., Chen, H., Craxton, R. S., Cobble, J., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Zulick, C., Chen, H., Craxton, R. S., Cobble, J., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., and Stoeckl, C.

Abstract

We perform relativistic-intensity laser experiments using the Omega EP laser to investigate channeling phenomena and particle acceleration in underdense plasmas. A fundamental understanding of these processes is of importance to the hole-boring fast ignition scheme for inertial confinement fusion. Proton probing was used to image the electromagnetic fields formed as the Omega EP laser pulse generated a channel through underdense plasma. Filamentation of the channel was observed, followed by self-correction into a single channel. The channel radius as a function of time was found to be in reasonable agreement with momentum conserving snowplough models.

Published
2016

7. Relativistic intensity laser interactions with low-density plasmas

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Zulick, C., Chen, H., Craxton, R. S., Cobble, J., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Zulick, C., Chen, H., Craxton, R. S., Cobble, J., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., and Stoeckl, C.

Abstract

We perform relativistic-intensity laser experiments using the Omega EP laser to investigate channeling phenomena and particle acceleration in underdense plasmas. A fundamental understanding of these processes is of importance to the hole-boring fast ignition scheme for inertial confinement fusion. Proton probing was used to image the electromagnetic fields formed as the Omega EP laser pulse generated a channel through underdense plasma. Filamentation of the channel was observed, followed by self-correction into a single channel. The channel radius as a function of time was found to be in reasonable agreement with momentum conserving snowplough models.

Published
2016

8. Characterization of laser-driven proton beams from near-critical density targets using copper activation

Author

Willingale, L., Nagel, S. R., Thomas, A. G. R., Bellei, C., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Heathcote, R., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Kneip, S., Krushelnick, K., Lopes, N., Mangles, S. P. D., Nazarov, W., Nilson, P. M., Najmudin, Z., Willingale, L., Nagel, S. R., Thomas, A. G. R., Bellei, C., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Heathcote, R., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Kneip, S., Krushelnick, K., Lopes, N., Mangles, S. P. D., Nazarov, W., Nilson, P. M., and Najmudin, Z.

Abstract

Copper activation was used to characterize high-energy proton beam acceleration from near-critical density plasma targets. An enhancement was observed when decreasing the target density, which is indicative for an increased laser-accelerated hot electron density at the rear target-vacuum boundary. This is due to channel formation and collimation of the hot electrons inside the target. Particle-in-cell simulations support the experimental observations and show the correlation between channel depth and longitudinal electric field strength is directly correlated with the proton acceleration.

Published
2015

9. Surface waves and electron acceleration from high-power, kilojoule-class laser interactions with underdense plasma

Author

Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Chen, H., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Chen, H., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments were performed on the Omega EP laser facility to study laser pulse propagation, channeling phenomena and electron acceleration from high-intensity, high-power laser interactions with underdense plasma. A CH plasma plume was used as the underdense target and the interaction of the laser pulse channeling through the plasma was imaged using proton radiography. High-energy electron spectra were measured for different experimental laser parameters. Structures observed along the channel walls are interpreted as having developed from surface waves, which are likely to serve as an injection mechanism of electrons into the cavitated channel for acceleration via direct laser acceleration mechanisms. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations give good agreement with these channeling and electron acceleration phenomena.

Published
2013

10. Surface waves and electron acceleration from high-power, kilojoule-class laser interactions with underdense plasma

Author

Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Chen, H., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Chen, H., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments were performed on the Omega EP laser facility to study laser pulse propagation, channeling phenomena and electron acceleration from high-intensity, high-power laser interactions with underdense plasma. A CH plasma plume was used as the underdense target and the interaction of the laser pulse channeling through the plasma was imaged using proton radiography. High-energy electron spectra were measured for different experimental laser parameters. Structures observed along the channel walls are interpreted as having developed from surface waves, which are likely to serve as an injection mechanism of electrons into the cavitated channel for acceleration via direct laser acceleration mechanisms. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations give good agreement with these channeling and electron acceleration phenomena.

Published
2013

11. High-power, kilojoule laser interactions with near-critical density plasma

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Bulanov, S. S., Maksimchuk, A., Nazarov, W., Sangster, T. C., Stoeckl, C., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Bulanov, S. S., Maksimchuk, A., Nazarov, W., Sangster, T. C., Stoeckl, C., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments were performed using the Omega EP laser, which provided pulses containing 1kJ of energy in 9ps and was used to investigate high-power, relativistic intensity laser interactions with near-critical density plasmas, created from foam targets with densities of 3-100 mg/cm(3). The effect of changing the plasma density on both the laser light transmitted through the targets and the proton beam accelerated from the interaction was investigated. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations enabled the interaction dynamics and laser propagation to be studied in detail. The effect of the laser polarization and intensity in the two-dimensional simulations on the channel formation and electron heating are discussed. In this regime, where the plasma density is above the critical density, but below the relativistic critical density, the channel formation speed and therefore length are inversely proportional to the plasma density, which is faster than the hole boring model prediction. A general model is developed to describe the channel length in this regime. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3563438]

Published
2011

12. Proton probe measurement of fast advection of magnetic fields by hot electrons

Author

Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Minardi, S., Notley, M., Ridgers, C. P., Rozmus, W., Sherlock, M., Tatarakis, M., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Minardi, S., Notley, M., Ridgers, C. P., Rozmus, W., Sherlock, M., Tatarakis, M., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

A laser generated proton beam was used to measure the megagauss strength self-generated magnetic fields from a nanosecond laser interaction with an aluminum target. At intensities of 10(15) W cm(-2), the significant hot electron production and strong heat fluxes result in non-local transport becoming important to describe the magnetic field dynamics. Two-dimensional implicit Vlasov-Fokker-Planck modeling shows that fast advection of the magnetic field from the focal region occurs via the Nernst effect at significantly higher velocities than the sound speed, (v)N/c(s) approximate to 10.

Published
2011

13. High-Power, Kilojoule Class Laser Channeling in Millimeter-Scale Underdense Plasma

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments were performed using the OMEGA EP laser, operating at 740 J of energy in 8 ps (90 TW), which provides extreme conditions relevant to fast ignition studies. A carbon and hydrogen plasma plume was used as the underdense target and the interaction of the laser pulse propagating and channeling through the plasma was imaged using proton radiography. The early time expansion, channel evolution, filamentation, and self-correction of the channel was measured on a single shot via this method. A channel wall modulation was observed and attributed to surface waves. After around 50 ps, the channel had evolved to show bubblelike structures, which may be due to postsoliton remnants.

Published
2011

14. High-power, kilojoule laser interactions with near-critical density plasma

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Bulanov, S. S., Maksimchuk, A., Nazarov, W., Sangster, T. C., Stoeckl, C., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Bulanov, S. S., Maksimchuk, A., Nazarov, W., Sangster, T. C., Stoeckl, C., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments were performed using the Omega EP laser, which provided pulses containing 1kJ of energy in 9ps and was used to investigate high-power, relativistic intensity laser interactions with near-critical density plasmas, created from foam targets with densities of 3-100 mg/cm(3). The effect of changing the plasma density on both the laser light transmitted through the targets and the proton beam accelerated from the interaction was investigated. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations enabled the interaction dynamics and laser propagation to be studied in detail. The effect of the laser polarization and intensity in the two-dimensional simulations on the channel formation and electron heating are discussed. In this regime, where the plasma density is above the critical density, but below the relativistic critical density, the channel formation speed and therefore length are inversely proportional to the plasma density, which is faster than the hole boring model prediction. A general model is developed to describe the channel length in this regime. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3563438]

Published
2011

15. High-Power, Kilojoule Class Laser Channeling in Millimeter-Scale Underdense Plasma

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Thomas, A. G. R., Cobble, J., Craxton, R. S., Maksimchuk, A., Norreys, P. A., Sangster, T. C., Scott, R. H. H., Stoeckl, C., Zulick, C., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments were performed using the OMEGA EP laser, operating at 740 J of energy in 8 ps (90 TW), which provides extreme conditions relevant to fast ignition studies. A carbon and hydrogen plasma plume was used as the underdense target and the interaction of the laser pulse propagating and channeling through the plasma was imaged using proton radiography. The early time expansion, channel evolution, filamentation, and self-correction of the channel was measured on a single shot via this method. A channel wall modulation was observed and attributed to surface waves. After around 50 ps, the channel had evolved to show bubblelike structures, which may be due to postsoliton remnants.

Published
2011

16. Plasma cavitation in ultraintense laser interactions with underdense helium plasmas

Author

Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Tatarakis, M., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Karsch, S., Schreiber, J., Najmudin, Z., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Tatarakis, M., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Karsch, S., Schreiber, J., Najmudin, Z., Dangor, A. E., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Plasma cavitation in an underdense helium plasma driven by an ultraintense laser pulse (I > 10(20) W cm(-2)) is studied. Shadowgraphy and interferometry diagnose plasma channel formation as the laser pulse propagates through the underdense plasma. Measurements of the spatially resolved Thomson side-scattered light generated by the intense-driver pulse indicate the transverse and longitudinal extremities of the cavitated regions that form. Multiple laser-driven channels are observed and each is shown to be a source of electrons with energies greater than 100 MeV. Electron cavitation within an ion channel is consistent with the direct laser acceleration (DLA) mechanism that is present.

Published
2010

17. Proton deflectometry of a magnetic reconnection geometry

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Ridgers, C. P., Sherlock, M., Thomas, A. G. R., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Bandyopadhyay, S., Notley, M., Minardi, S., Tatarakis, M., Rozmus, W., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Ridgers, C. P., Sherlock, M., Thomas, A. G. R., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Bandyopadhyay, S., Notley, M., Minardi, S., Tatarakis, M., and Rozmus, W.

Abstract

Laser-driven magnetic reconnection is investigated using proton deflectometry. Two laser beams of nanosecond duration were focused in close proximity on a solid target to intensities of I similar to 1x10(15) W cm(-2). Through the well known del n(e)x del T(e) mechanism, azimuthal magnetic fields are generated around each focal spot. During the expansion of the two plasmas, oppositely oriented field lines are brought together resulting in magnetic reconnection in the region between the two focal spots. The spatial scales and plasma parameters are consistent with the reconnection proceeding due to a Hall mechanism. An optimum focal spot separation for magnetic reconnection to occur is found to be approximate to 400 +/- 100 mu m. Proton probing of the temporal evolution of the interaction shows the formation of the boundary layer between the two expanding plasma plumes and associated magnetic fields, as well as an instability later in the interaction. Such laboratory experiments provide an opportunity to investigate magnetic reconnection under unique conditions and have possible implications for multiple beam applications such as inertial confinement fusion experiments.

Published
2010

18. Fast Advection of Magnetic Fields by Hot Electrons

Author

Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Minardi, S., Notley, M., Ridgers, C. P., Rozmus, W., Sherlock, M., Tatarakis, M., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Minardi, S., Notley, M., Ridgers, C. P., Rozmus, W., Sherlock, M., Tatarakis, M., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments where a laser-generated proton beam is used to probe the megagauss strength self-generated magnetic fields from a nanosecond laser interaction with an aluminum target are presented. At intensities of 1015 Wcm(-2) and under conditions of significant fast electron production and strong heat fluxes, the electron mean-free-path is long compared with the temperature gradient scale length and hence nonlocal transport is important for the dynamics of the magnetic field in the plasma. The hot electron flux transports self-generated magnetic fields away from the focal region through the Nernst effect [A. Nishiguchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 262 (1984)] at significantly higher velocities than the fluid velocity. Two-dimensional implicit Vlasov-Fokker-Planck modeling shows that the Nernst effect allows advection and self-generation transports magnetic fields at significantly faster than the ion fluid velocity, v(N)/C(s) approximate to 10.

Published
2010

19. Fast Advection of Magnetic Fields by Hot Electrons

Author

Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Minardi, S., Notley, M., Ridgers, C. P., Rozmus, W., Sherlock, M., Tatarakis, M., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Thomas, A. G. R., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Bandyopadhyay, S., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Minardi, S., Notley, M., Ridgers, C. P., Rozmus, W., Sherlock, M., Tatarakis, M., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Experiments where a laser-generated proton beam is used to probe the megagauss strength self-generated magnetic fields from a nanosecond laser interaction with an aluminum target are presented. At intensities of 1015 Wcm(-2) and under conditions of significant fast electron production and strong heat fluxes, the electron mean-free-path is long compared with the temperature gradient scale length and hence nonlocal transport is important for the dynamics of the magnetic field in the plasma. The hot electron flux transports self-generated magnetic fields away from the focal region through the Nernst effect [A. Nishiguchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 262 (1984)] at significantly higher velocities than the fluid velocity. Two-dimensional implicit Vlasov-Fokker-Planck modeling shows that the Nernst effect allows advection and self-generation transports magnetic fields at significantly faster than the ion fluid velocity, v(N)/C(s) approximate to 10.

Published
2010

20. Proton deflectometry of a magnetic reconnection geometry

Author

Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Ridgers, C. P., Sherlock, M., Thomas, A. G. R., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Bandyopadhyay, S., Notley, M., Minardi, S., Tatarakis, M., Rozmus, W., Willingale, L., Nilson, P. M., Kaluza, M. C., Dangor, A. E., Evans, R. G., Fernandes, P., Haines, M. G., Kamperidis, C., Kingham, R. J., Ridgers, C. P., Sherlock, M., Thomas, A. G. R., Wei, M. S., Najmudin, Z., Krushelnick, K., Bandyopadhyay, S., Notley, M., Minardi, S., Tatarakis, M., and Rozmus, W.

Abstract

Laser-driven magnetic reconnection is investigated using proton deflectometry. Two laser beams of nanosecond duration were focused in close proximity on a solid target to intensities of I similar to 1x10(15) W cm(-2). Through the well known del n(e)x del T(e) mechanism, azimuthal magnetic fields are generated around each focal spot. During the expansion of the two plasmas, oppositely oriented field lines are brought together resulting in magnetic reconnection in the region between the two focal spots. The spatial scales and plasma parameters are consistent with the reconnection proceeding due to a Hall mechanism. An optimum focal spot separation for magnetic reconnection to occur is found to be approximate to 400 +/- 100 mu m. Proton probing of the temporal evolution of the interaction shows the formation of the boundary layer between the two expanding plasma plumes and associated magnetic fields, as well as an instability later in the interaction. Such laboratory experiments provide an opportunity to investigate magnetic reconnection under unique conditions and have possible implications for multiple beam applications such as inertial confinement fusion experiments.

Published
2010

21. Generation of Ultrahigh-Velocity Ionizing Shocks with Petawatt-Class Laser Pulses

Author

Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Karsch, S., Schreiber, J., Evans, R. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Karsch, S., Schreiber, J., Evans, R. G., Dangor, A. E., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Ultrahigh-velocity shock waves (similar to 10 000 km/s or 0.03c) are generated by focusing a 350-TW laser pulse into low-density helium gas. The collisionless ultrahigh-Mach-number electrostatic shock propagates from the plasma into the surrounding gas, ionizing gas as it becomes collisional. The shock undergoes a corrugation instability due to propagation of the ionizing shock within the gas (the Dyakov-Kontorovich instability). This system may be relevant to the study of very high-Mach-number ionizing shocks in astrophysical situations.

Published
2009

22. Characterization of High-Intensity Laser Propagation in the Relativistic Transparent Regime through Measurements of Energetic Proton Beams

Author

Willingale, L., Nagel, S. R., Thomas, A. G. R., Bellei, C., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Heathcote, R., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Kneip, S., Krushelnick, K., Lopes, N., Mangles, S. P. D., Nazarov, W., Nilson, P. M., Najmudin, Z., Willingale, L., Nagel, S. R., Thomas, A. G. R., Bellei, C., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Heathcote, R., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Kneip, S., Krushelnick, K., Lopes, N., Mangles, S. P. D., Nazarov, W., Nilson, P. M., and Najmudin, Z.

Abstract

Experiments were performed to investigate the propagation of a high intensity (I similar to 10(21) W cm(-2)) laser in foam targets with densities ranging from 0.9n(c) to 30n(c). Proton acceleration was used to diagnose the interaction. An improvement in proton beam energy and efficiency is observed for the lowest density foam (n(e)=0.9n(c)), compared to higher density foams. Simulations show that the laser beam penetrates deeper into the target due to its relativistic propagation and results in greater collimation of the ensuing hot electrons. This results in the rear surface accelerating electric field being larger, increasing the efficiency of the acceleration. Enhanced collimation of the ions is seen to be due to the self-generated azimuthal magnetic and electric fields at the rear of the target.

Published
2009

23. Characterization of High-Intensity Laser Propagation in the Relativistic Transparent Regime through Measurements of Energetic Proton Beams

Author

Willingale, L., Nagel, S. R., Thomas, A. G. R., Bellei, C., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Heathcote, R., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Kneip, S., Krushelnick, K., Lopes, N., Mangles, S. P. D., Nazarov, W., Nilson, P. M., Najmudin, Z., Willingale, L., Nagel, S. R., Thomas, A. G. R., Bellei, C., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Heathcote, R., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Kneip, S., Krushelnick, K., Lopes, N., Mangles, S. P. D., Nazarov, W., Nilson, P. M., and Najmudin, Z.

Abstract

Experiments were performed to investigate the propagation of a high intensity (I similar to 10(21) W cm(-2)) laser in foam targets with densities ranging from 0.9n(c) to 30n(c). Proton acceleration was used to diagnose the interaction. An improvement in proton beam energy and efficiency is observed for the lowest density foam (n(e)=0.9n(c)), compared to higher density foams. Simulations show that the laser beam penetrates deeper into the target due to its relativistic propagation and results in greater collimation of the ensuing hot electrons. This results in the rear surface accelerating electric field being larger, increasing the efficiency of the acceleration. Enhanced collimation of the ions is seen to be due to the self-generated azimuthal magnetic and electric fields at the rear of the target.

Published
2009

24. Observation of synchrotron radiation from electrons accelerated in a petawatt-laser-generated plasma cavity

Author

Kneip, S., Nagel, S. R., Bellei, C., Bourgeois, N., Dangor, A. E., Gopal, A., Heathcote, R., Mangles, S. P. D., Marques, J. R., Maksimchuk, A., Nilson, P. M., Phuoc, K. Ta, Reed, S., Tzoufras, M., Tsung, F. S., Willingale, L., Mori, W. B., Rousse, A., Krushelnick, K., Najmudin, Z., Kneip, S., Nagel, S. R., Bellei, C., Bourgeois, N., Dangor, A. E., Gopal, A., Heathcote, R., Mangles, S. P. D., Marques, J. R., Maksimchuk, A., Nilson, P. M., Phuoc, K. Ta, Reed, S., Tzoufras, M., Tsung, F. S., Willingale, L., Mori, W. B., Rousse, A., Krushelnick, K., and Najmudin, Z.

Abstract

The dynamics of plasma electrons in the focus of a petawatt laser beam are studied via measurements of their x-ray synchrotron radiation. With increasing laser intensity, a forward directed beam of x rays extending to 50 keV is observed. The measured x rays are well described in the synchrotron asymptotic limit of electrons oscillating in a plasma channel. The critical energy of the measured synchrotron spectrum is found to scale as the Maxwellian temperature of the simultaneously measured electron spectra. At low laser intensity transverse oscillations are negligible as the electrons are predominantly accelerated axially by the laser generated wakefield. At high laser intensity, electrons are directly accelerated by the laser and enter a highly radiative regime with up to 5% of their energy converted into x rays.

Published
2008

25. Bidirectional jet formation during driven magnetic reconnection in two-beam laser-plasma interactions

Author

Nilson, P. M., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Minardi, S., Wei, M. S., Fernandes, P., Notley, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sherlock, M., Kingham, R. J., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Rozmus, W., Evans, R. G., Haines, M. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Nilson, P. M., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Minardi, S., Wei, M. S., Fernandes, P., Notley, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sherlock, M., Kingham, R. J., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Rozmus, W., Evans, R. G., Haines, M. G., Dangor, A. E., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Measurements of the bidirectional plasma jets that form at the surface of a solid target during a laser-generated driven magnetic reconnection are presented. Resistivity enhancement of at least 25 x the classical Spitzer value is required when applying the Sweet-Parker model of reconnection to reconcile the experimentally observed reconnection time scale. Analytic calculations show that a fast reconnection model, which includes a priori the effects of microturbulent resistivity enhancement, better reproduces the experimental observations. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2008

26. Observation of synchrotron radiation from electrons accelerated in a petawatt-laser-generated plasma cavity

Author

Kneip, S., Nagel, S. R., Bellei, C., Bourgeois, N., Dangor, A. E., Gopal, A., Heathcote, R., Mangles, S. P. D., Marques, J. R., Maksimchuk, A., Nilson, P. M., Phuoc, K. Ta, Reed, S., Tzoufras, M., Tsung, F. S., Willingale, L., Mori, W. B., Rousse, A., Krushelnick, K., Najmudin, Z., Kneip, S., Nagel, S. R., Bellei, C., Bourgeois, N., Dangor, A. E., Gopal, A., Heathcote, R., Mangles, S. P. D., Marques, J. R., Maksimchuk, A., Nilson, P. M., Phuoc, K. Ta, Reed, S., Tzoufras, M., Tsung, F. S., Willingale, L., Mori, W. B., Rousse, A., Krushelnick, K., and Najmudin, Z.

Abstract

The dynamics of plasma electrons in the focus of a petawatt laser beam are studied via measurements of their x-ray synchrotron radiation. With increasing laser intensity, a forward directed beam of x rays extending to 50 keV is observed. The measured x rays are well described in the synchrotron asymptotic limit of electrons oscillating in a plasma channel. The critical energy of the measured synchrotron spectrum is found to scale as the Maxwellian temperature of the simultaneously measured electron spectra. At low laser intensity transverse oscillations are negligible as the electrons are predominantly accelerated axially by the laser generated wakefield. At high laser intensity, electrons are directly accelerated by the laser and enter a highly radiative regime with up to 5% of their energy converted into x rays.

Published
2008

27. Bidirectional jet formation during driven magnetic reconnection in two-beam laser-plasma interactions

Author

Nilson, P. M., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Minardi, S., Wei, M. S., Fernandes, P., Notley, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sherlock, M., Kingham, R. J., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Rozmus, W., Evans, R. G., Haines, M. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Nilson, P. M., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Minardi, S., Wei, M. S., Fernandes, P., Notley, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sherlock, M., Kingham, R. J., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Rozmus, W., Evans, R. G., Haines, M. G., Dangor, A. E., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Measurements of the bidirectional plasma jets that form at the surface of a solid target during a laser-generated driven magnetic reconnection are presented. Resistivity enhancement of at least 25 x the classical Spitzer value is required when applying the Sweet-Parker model of reconnection to reconcile the experimentally observed reconnection time scale. Analytic calculations show that a fast reconnection model, which includes a priori the effects of microturbulent resistivity enhancement, better reproduces the experimental observations. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2008

28. Comment on 'Collimated multi-MeV ion beams from high-intensity laser interactions with underdense plasma' - Willingale et al. reply

Author

Willingale, L., Mangles, S. P. D., Nilson, P. M., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Kaluza, M. C., Karsch, S., Lancaster, K. L., Mori, W. B., Najmudin, Z., Schreiber, J., Thomas, A. G. R., Wei, M. S., Krushelnick, K., Willingale, L., Mangles, S. P. D., Nilson, P. M., Clarke, R. J., Dangor, A. E., Kaluza, M. C., Karsch, S., Lancaster, K. L., Mori, W. B., Najmudin, Z., Schreiber, J., Thomas, A. G. R., Wei, M. S., and Krushelnick, K.

Published
2007

29. Optical probing of high-intensity laser interactions with underdense plasmas using the VULCAN petawatt laser facility

Author

Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Najmudin, Z., Evans, R. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Tatarakis, M., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Karsch, S., Schreiber, J., Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Najmudin, Z., Evans, R. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Tatarakis, M., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Karsch, S., and Schreiber, J.

Published
2006

30. Reduction of proton acceleration in high-intensity laser interaction with solid two-layer targets

Author

Wei, M. S., Davies, J. R., Clark, E. L., Beg, F. N., Gopal, A., Tatarakis, M., Willingale, L., Nilson, P., Dangor, A. E., Norreys, P. A., Zepf, M., Krushelnick, K., Wei, M. S., Davies, J. R., Clark, E. L., Beg, F. N., Gopal, A., Tatarakis, M., Willingale, L., Nilson, P., Dangor, A. E., Norreys, P. A., Zepf, M., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

Reduction of proton acceleration in the interaction of a high-intensity, picosecond laser with a 50-mu m aluminum target was observed when 0.1-6 mu m of plastic was deposited on the back surface (opposite side of the laser). The maximum energy and number of energetic protons observed at the back of the target were greatly reduced in comparison to pure aluminum and plastic targets of the same thickness. This is attributed to the effect of the interface between the layers. Modeling of the electron propagation in the targets using a hybrid code showed strong magnetic-field generation at the interface and rapid surface heating of the aluminum layer, which may account for the results. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2006

31. Magnetic reconnection and plasma dynamics in two-beam laser-solid interactions

Author

Nilson, P. M., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Minardi, S., Wei, M. S., Fernandes, P., Notley, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sherlock, M., Kingham, R. J., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Rozmus, W., Evans, R. G., Haines, M. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Nilson, P. M., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Kamperidis, C., Minardi, S., Wei, M. S., Fernandes, P., Notley, M., Bandyopadhyay, S., Sherlock, M., Kingham, R. J., Tatarakis, M., Najmudin, Z., Rozmus, W., Evans, R. G., Haines, M. G., Dangor, A. E., and Krushelnick, K.

Abstract

We present measurements of a magnetic reconnection in a plasma created by two laser beams (1 ns pulse duration, 1x10(15) W cm(-2)) focused in close proximity on a planar solid target. Simultaneous optical probing and proton grid deflectometry reveal two high velocity, collimated outflowing jets and 0.7-1.3 MG magnetic fields at the focal spot edges. Thomson scattering measurements from the reconnection layer are consistent with high electron temperatures in this region.

Published
2006

32. Optical probing of high-intensity laser interactions with underdense plasmas using the VULCAN petawatt laser facility

Author

Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Najmudin, Z., Evans, R. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Tatarakis, M., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Karsch, S., Schreiber, J., Nilson, P. M., Mangles, S. P. D., Willingale, L., Kaluza, M. C., Thomas, A. G. R., Najmudin, Z., Evans, R. G., Dangor, A. E., Krushelnick, K., Tatarakis, M., Clarke, R. J., Lancaster, K. L., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Karsch, S., and Schreiber, J.

Published
2006

34. Measurements of fast electron scaling generated by petawatt laser systems

Author

Tanimoto, Tsuyoshi, Habara, H., Kodama, R., Nakatsutsumi, M., Tanaka, Kazuo A., Lancaster, K.L., Green, J.S., Scott, R.H.H., Sherlock, M., Norreys, Peter A., Evans, R.G., Haines, M.G., Kar, S., Zepf, M., King, J., Ma, T., Wei, M.S., Yabuuchi, T., Beg, F.N., Key, M.H., Nilson, P., Stephens, R.B., Azechi, H., Nagai, K., Norimatsu, T., Takeda, K., Valente, J., Davies, J.R., Tanimoto, Tsuyoshi, Habara, H., Kodama, R., Nakatsutsumi, M., Tanaka, Kazuo A., Lancaster, K.L., Green, J.S., Scott, R.H.H., Sherlock, M., Norreys, Peter A., Evans, R.G., Haines, M.G., Kar, S., Zepf, M., King, J., Ma, T., Wei, M.S., Yabuuchi, T., Beg, F.N., Key, M.H., Nilson, P., Stephens, R.B., Azechi, H., Nagai, K., Norimatsu, T., Takeda, K., Valente, J., and Davies, J.R.

Abstract

Copyright 2009 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 16(6), 062703, 2009 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3155086

35. Effect of Laser Intensity on Fast-Electron-Beam Divergence in Solid-Density Plasmas

Author

Green, J.S., Ovchinnikov, V.M., Evans, R.G., Akli, K.U., Azechi, H., Beg, F.N., Bellei, C., Freeman, R.R., Habara, H., Heathcote, R., Key, M.H., King, J.A., Lancaster, K.L., Lopes, N.C., Ma, T., MacKinnon, A.J., Markey, K., McPhee, A., Najmudin, Z., Nilson, P., Onofrei, R., Stephens, R., Takeda, K., Tanaka, K.A., Theobald, W., Tanimoto, T., Waugh, J., Woerkom, L.Van, Woolsey, N.C., Zepf, M., Davies, J.R., Norreys, P.A., Green, J.S., Ovchinnikov, V.M., Evans, R.G., Akli, K.U., Azechi, H., Beg, F.N., Bellei, C., Freeman, R.R., Habara, H., Heathcote, R., Key, M.H., King, J.A., Lancaster, K.L., Lopes, N.C., Ma, T., MacKinnon, A.J., Markey, K., McPhee, A., Najmudin, Z., Nilson, P., Onofrei, R., Stephens, R., Takeda, K., Tanaka, K.A., Theobald, W., Tanimoto, T., Waugh, J., Woerkom, L.Van, Woolsey, N.C., Zepf, M., Davies, J.R., and Norreys, P.A.

36. Measurements of fast electron scaling generated by petawatt laser systems

Author

Tanimoto, Tsuyoshi, Habara, H., Kodama, R., Nakatsutsumi, M., Tanaka, Kazuo A., Lancaster, K.L., Green, J.S., Scott, R.H.H., Sherlock, M., Norreys, Peter A., Evans, R.G., Haines, M.G., Kar, S., Zepf, M., King, J., Ma, T., Wei, M.S., Yabuuchi, T., Beg, F.N., Key, M.H., Nilson, P., Stephens, R.B., Azechi, H., Nagai, K., Norimatsu, T., Takeda, K., Valente, J., Davies, J.R., Tanimoto, Tsuyoshi, Habara, H., Kodama, R., Nakatsutsumi, M., Tanaka, Kazuo A., Lancaster, K.L., Green, J.S., Scott, R.H.H., Sherlock, M., Norreys, Peter A., Evans, R.G., Haines, M.G., Kar, S., Zepf, M., King, J., Ma, T., Wei, M.S., Yabuuchi, T., Beg, F.N., Key, M.H., Nilson, P., Stephens, R.B., Azechi, H., Nagai, K., Norimatsu, T., Takeda, K., Valente, J., and Davies, J.R.

Abstract

Copyright 2009 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in Physics of Plasmas, 16(6), 062703, 2009 and may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3155086

37. Effect of Laser Intensity on Fast-Electron-Beam Divergence in Solid-Density Plasmas

Author

Green, J.S., Ovchinnikov, V.M., Evans, R.G., Akli, K.U., Azechi, H., Beg, F.N., Bellei, C., Freeman, R.R., Habara, H., Heathcote, R., Key, M.H., King, J.A., Lancaster, K.L., Lopes, N.C., Ma, T., MacKinnon, A.J., Markey, K., McPhee, A., Najmudin, Z., Nilson, P., Onofrei, R., Stephens, R., Takeda, K., Tanaka, K.A., Theobald, W., Tanimoto, T., Waugh, J., Woerkom, L.Van, Woolsey, N.C., Zepf, M., Davies, J.R., Norreys, P.A., Green, J.S., Ovchinnikov, V.M., Evans, R.G., Akli, K.U., Azechi, H., Beg, F.N., Bellei, C., Freeman, R.R., Habara, H., Heathcote, R., Key, M.H., King, J.A., Lancaster, K.L., Lopes, N.C., Ma, T., MacKinnon, A.J., Markey, K., McPhee, A., Najmudin, Z., Nilson, P., Onofrei, R., Stephens, R., Takeda, K., Tanaka, K.A., Theobald, W., Tanimoto, T., Waugh, J., Woerkom, L.Van, Woolsey, N.C., Zepf, M., Davies, J.R., and Norreys, P.A.

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