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Vor dem Hintergrund eines zunehmenden Mangels an Fachkräften und der demografischen Entwicklung hat das Thema Studienabbruch an Bedeutung gewonnen. Zur Entwicklung geeigneter Maßnahmen, mit denen Studienabbrüche besser vermieden werden können, sind gesicherte Erkenntnisse über deren Ausmaß und Ursachen erforderlich. Das Projekt „Bedeutung des institutionellen Abbruchs für Studienerfolg und Langzeitstudium (BiK)“ leistet hierzu einen Beitrag, indem es die bisher noch wenig systematisch untersuchten Regelungen des institutionellen Kontextes der Studien- und Prüfungsorganisation analysiert. Diese Regelungen sind auf drei verschiedenen Ebenen der Governance zu verorten: (1) Makro-Ebene (Landeshochschulgesetze, (2) Meso-Ebene (z.B. Rahmenprüfungsordnungen) und (3) Mikro-Ebene (Studiengänge und Module). Das Projekt wird kooperativ im Rahmen von insgesamt vier Teilstudien von den Projektpartnern Deutsches Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsforschung (DZHW), Leibniz Universität Hannover und Universität Mannheim, Mannheimer Zentrum für Europäische Sozialforschung (MZES)bearbeitet und im Rahmen der BMBF-Förderlinie „Studienerfolg und Studienabbruch“ gefördert. Das Poster führt die aus den Projektergebnissen ziehbaren Hauptfolgerungen für die Hochschulpolitik sowie für die Wissenschafts- und Hochschulforschung auf.

Long-term studies and drop-outs are a major issue in higher education research, but explanatory factors have often been focusing on attitudinal and sociological characteristics using student surveys as methodology. Institutional rules regarding study and learning regulations have often been neglected, although recent research has shown that they incentivize student behaviour. We develop and Index of Commitment (IOC) to cover these rules over different types of study phases and different types of commitments of different actors. We distinguish between an early study phase, a main phase and a late study phase and commitments regarding consultation and examination rules by the state, a higher education institution (HEI) and students. This paper shows empirically that there is a considerable variance of these rules between the 16 German states, which are responsible for the legislation and financing of most of the higher education institutions in Germany. We find states with very soft regulation, where legislation sets almost no rules and student autonomy is held in high regard and states with very precise rules setting strong incentives and leaving only little room for implementation to the HEI. We can show that our index correlates with the percentage of students successfully finishing their degree in time in a state. By presenting our index, we provide a comprehensive understanding of the commitment of study and examination regulations. The findings and insights can contribute to the ongoing discourse on student autonomy and state control in higher education, as well as inform policy makers and educational institutions in developing effective strategies to address dropout and long-term study. It also shows again that “bringing the state back in” in higher education research is important.

A chip-based electrochemical biosensor is developed herein for the detection of organophosphate (OP) in food materials. The principle of the sensing platform is based on the inhibition of dimethoate (DMT), a typical OP that specifically inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Carbon nanotube-modified gold electrodes functionalized with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and oxidized nanocellulose (NC) were investigated for the sensing of OP, yielding high sensitivity. Compared with noncovalent adsorption and deposition in bovine serum albumin, bioconjugation with lysine side chain activation allowed the enzyme to be stable over three weeks at room temperature. The total amount of AChE was quantified, whose activity inhibition was highly linear with respect to DMT concentration. Increased incubation times and/or DMT concentration decreased current flow. The composite electrode showed a sensitivity 4.8-times higher than that of the bare gold electrode. The biosensor was challenged with organophosphate-spiked food samples and showed a limit of detection (LOD) of DMT at 4.1 nM, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) at 12.6 nM, in the linear range of 10 nM to 1000 nM. Such performance infers significant potential for the use of this system in the detection of organophosphates in real samples.

A chip-based electrochemical biosensor is developed herein for the detection of organophosphate (OP) in food materials. The principle of the sensing platform is based on the inhibition of dimethoate (DMT), a typical OP that specifically inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Carbon nanotube-modified gold electrodes functionalized with polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) and oxidized nanocellulose (NC) were investigated for the sensing of OP, yielding high sensitivity. Compared with noncovalent adsorption and deposition in bovine serum albumin, bioconjugation with lysine side chain activation allowed the enzyme to be stable over three weeks at room temperature. The total amount of AChE was quantified, whose activity inhibition was highly linear with respect to DMT concentration. Increased incubation times and/or DMT concentration decreased current flow. The composite electrode showed a sensitivity 4.8-times higher than that of the bare gold electrode. The biosensor was challenged with organophosphate-spiked food samples and showed a limit of detection (LOD) of DMT at 4.1 nM, with a limit of quantification (LOQ) at 12.6 nM, in the linear range of 10 nM to 1000 nM. Such performance infers significant potential for the use of this system in the detection of organophosphates in real samples.

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