1. Spray-Dried Microcapsules of Cheese Whey and Whey Permeate as a Strategy to Protect Chia Oil from Oxidative Degradation
- Author
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Dahlem Júnior, Marcos Aurélio, Dall Agnol, Wendell, Neitzke, Natália, dos-Santos, Adriani Cristina Felipe, Esquerdo, Vanessa Mendonça, Neutzling Lehn, Daniel, de Almeida Pinto, Luiz Antonio, de Souza, Claucia Fernanda Volken, Dahlem Júnior, Marcos Aurélio, Dall Agnol, Wendell, Neitzke, Natália, dos-Santos, Adriani Cristina Felipe, Esquerdo, Vanessa Mendonça, Neutzling Lehn, Daniel, de Almeida Pinto, Luiz Antonio, and de Souza, Claucia Fernanda Volken
- Abstract
Research background. Cheese whey and whey permeate are dairy industry by-products usually sent to effluent treatment or incorrectly disposed in the environment, generating costs for the production of dairy products and environmental problems due to the high organic load. Cheese whey and whey permeate can be reused as wall materials to form chia oil microcapsules, which act as a barrier to prooxidants. This study aims to develop an encapsulation method by spray-drying to protect chia oil using dairy by-products as wall materials. Experimental approach. We evaluated cheese whey, whey permeate and mixtures of m(cheese whey):m(whey permeate)=50, 70 and 80% as encapsulating agents with the spray-drying process. Initially, we characterized the chia oil and encapsulating materials. Chia oil emulsions were prepared using the encapsulating materials and an emulsifier. The stability of the emulsions was evaluated by creaming index, and they were characterized according to size distribution and polydispersity index. Emulsions were encapsulated in a spray dryer with inlet and outlet air temperature at 125 and 105 °C, respectively. After encapsulation, we assessed the oxidative degradation of chia oil over 30 days of storage by determining the peroxide index. Results and conclusions. Emulsions presented creaming index between 51 and 83% in all formulations, and the oxidative stability of microencapsulated chia oil was significantly higher than that of free chia oil after 30 days. Wall material combination affected both encapsulation efficiency and oxidation protection. The cheese whey and whey permeate (8:2) mixture exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (70.07%) and ability to protect the chia seed oil. After 30 days, the peroxide value was below the maximum limit considered safe for human consumption. Novelty and scientific contribution. According to these results, dairy by-products can be used for encapsulation of oxidation-sensitive oils. This represents an alternati, Pozadina istraživanja. Sirutka i permeat sirutke su nusproizvodi mliječne industrije koji se najčešće šalju u postrojenje za obradu otpadnih voda ili nepropisno odlažu u okoliš, što dovodi do povećanja troškova proizvodnje mliječnih proizvoda i ekoloških problema uslijed velikog organskog onečišćenja. Oba se nusproizvoda mogu iskoristiti kao materijal za inkapsulaciju ulja od chia sjemenki, što ih štiti od prooksidansa. Svrha je ovoga rada bila razviti metodu inkapsulacije nusproizvoda mliječne industrije pomoću sušenja raspršivanjem radi zaštite ulja chia sjemenki. Eksperimentalni pristup. Ispitali smo mješavinu sirutke i permeata sirutke u omjerima m(sirutka):m(permeat sirutke)=50, 70 i 80 % kao materijala za inkapsulaciju pomoću sušenja raspršivanjem. Prvo su okarakterizirani ulje chia sjemenki i materijali za inkapsulaciju. Od materijala za inkapsulaciju i emulgatora su pripremljene emulzije. Njihova je stabilnost određena pomoću indeksa raslojavanja faza, a okarakterizirane su prema raspodjeli veličine čestica i indeksu polidisperzije. Zatim su inkapsulirane u sušilici s raspršivanjem zraka, pri ulaznoj temperaturi zraka od 125 °C i izlaznoj temperaturi od 105 °C. Nakon inkapsulacije smo pomoću indeksa peroksidacije procijenili degradaciju ulja chia sjemenki tijekom 30 dana skladištenja. Rezultati i zaključci. Indeks raslojavanja svih uzoraka emulzija bio je između 51 i 83 %, a oksidacijska stabilnost inkapsuliranog ulja bila je bitno veća nakon 30 dana skladištenja. Omjer sirutke i permeata utjecao je na učinkovitost inkapsulacije i zaštitu ulja od oksidacije. Sirutka i permeat sirutke u omjeru 8:2 najučinkovitije su inkapsulirali (70,07 %) i zaštitili ulje. Nakon 30 dana skladištenja, peroksidna vrijednost bila je manja od maksimuma dozvoljenog za sigurnu konzumaciju. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Na osnovi dobivenih rezultata zaključeno je da se nusproizvodi mliječne industrije mogu upotrijebiti za inkapsulaciju ulja osjetljivih na oksidacijska oštećenja. Na
- Published
- 2022