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Obesity is a complex disease with many causes, including a possible role for environmental chemicals. Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is one of many per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) frequently detected in humans and it is suspected to be an obesogenic compound. We examined the potential long-term effects of PFHxS on metabolic parameters in rats after developmental exposure to 0.05, 5 or 25 mg/kg bw/day, with or without co-exposure to a background mixture of twelve endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDmix). Both male and female offspring showed signs of lower birth weight following intrauterine exposure. Female offspring exposed to both PFHxS and EDmix had increased body weight in adulthood. The retroperitoneal fat pad was larger in the PFHxS-exposed female offspring when compared to those exposed to EDmix alone. An attempt to detect putative molecular markers in the fat tissue by performing whole transcriptome profiling revealed no significant changes between groups and there were no significant effects on plasma leptin levels in exposed females. Our results show that early life exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals can influence body weight later in life, but the effect is not necessarily reflected in changed gene expression in the fat tissue.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous cholecystostomy is frequently used as a treatment option for acute calculous cholecystitis in patients unfit for surgery. There is sparse evidence on the long-term impact of cholecystostomy on gallstone-related morbidity and mortality in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis. This study describes the long-term outcome of acute calculous cholecystitis following percutaneous cholecystostomy compared to conservative treatment.METHODS: This was a cohort study of patients admitted at our institution from 2006 to 2015 with acute calculous cholecystitis without early or delayed cholecystectomy. Endpoints were gallstone-related readmissions, recurrent cholecystitis, and overall mortality.RESULTS: The investigation included 201 patients of whom 97 (48.2%) underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. Patients in the cholecystostomy group had significantly higher age, comorbidity level, and inflammatory response at admission. The median duration of catheter placement in the cholecystostomy group was 6 days. The complication rate of cholecystostomy was 3.1% and the mortality during the index admission was 3.5%. The median follow-up was 1.6 years. The rate of gallstone-related readmissions was 38.6%, and 25.3% had recurrence of cholecystitis. Cox regression analyses revealed no significant differences in gallstone-related readmissions, recurrence of acute calculous cholecystitis, and overall mortality in the two groups.CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous cholecystostomy in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis was neither associated with long-term benefits nor complications. Based on the high gallstone-related readmission rates of this study population and todays perioperative improvements, we suggest rethinking the indications for non-operative management including percutaneous cholecystostomy in acute calculous cholecystitis.

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Het fenomeen lege nv slaat sinds de eerste wereldoorlog in de belangstelling. In hoofdstuk 2 is onderzocht in welke civiele en fiscale verbanden het begrip lege vennootschap in de doctrine en rechtspraak wordt gebruikt. De inhoud van het begrip verschilt al naar gelang de context waarin het wordt gebruikt. Zie: Samenvatting, conclusies en aanbevelingen

We propose a model involving the oral inoculation of Echinococcus multilocularis eggs in a vole species and examine the infection dynamics in a dose-response experiment. Defined doses, 100 (n = 8), 500 (n = 5) and 1000 (n = 5) of E. multilocularis eggs were used to inoculate Microtus agrestis. Four female C57BL/6j mice were inoculated with 1000 eggs as positive controls. The groups inoculated with 100 and 500 eggs exhibited significantly higher lesion numbers, and relatively smaller lesion size was observed in the 1000 dose group. Undetectable abortive lesions may be responsible for some form of resource limitation early in the infection, resulting in lower lesion counts and size in the 1000 dose group. The C57BL/6j mice exhibited significantly fewer lesions than M. agrestis. The feasibility of measuring corticosterone (which has been shown to downregulate Th1 cytokines) in rodent hair and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production in spleen cells was demonstrated by a positive correlation between corticosterone levels and higher lesion counts and TNF production in C57BL/6j, respectively. These results suggest that M. agrestis is more prone to a Th2 immune response than C57BL/6j, which is associated with E. multilocularis susceptibility and may explain why the parasite develops more slowly in murine models. This is the first data to suggest that M. agrestis is capable of supporting E. multilocularis transmission and thus may be suited as a model to describe the infection dynamics in an intermediate host that affects transmission under natural conditions.

Obesity prevention efforts for school-aged children and adolescents are increasing in number. However, little has been done to address the problem in the preschool age. To address this age group, an evidence-based preschool programme on physical activity (PA) and nutrition is developed within the ToyBox project. Environmental influencing factors such as policies and competitive health promotion activities could inhibit or induce a successful health promotion programme. This paper describes an overview of existing policies, legislation and/or regulations and health promotion activities in the preschool setting. Method: data were gathered on policies and activities aiming to improve healthy eating and PA of young children (age group 4-6 years) in Belgium-Flanders, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain. A limited number of influencing policies, regulations and/or legislation exists; agenda setting of health promotion and policy evaluations in all relevant policy areas was lacking. Also, health promotion activities in preschool the setting did not exist in all six European countries and high-quality preschool-based health interventions existed in three of the six ToyBox countries., Funding Agency:CORDIS of the European Commission 245200

The Rho-GTPase Rac1 promotes actin polymerization and membrane protrusion that mediate initial contact and subsequent maturation of cell-cell junctions. Here we report that Rac1 associates with the ubiquitin-protein ligase neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 (Nedd4). This interaction requires the hypervariable C-terminal domain of Rac1 and the WW domains of Nedd4. Activated Rac1 colocalises with endogenous Nedd4 at epithelial cell-cell contacts. Reduction of Nedd4 expression by shRNA results in reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and concomitant changes in the distribution of adherens and tight junction markers. Conversely, expression of Nedd4 promotes TER, suggesting that Nedd4 cooperates with Rac1 in the induction of junctional maturation. We found that Nedd4, but not Nedd4-2, mediates the ubiquitylation and degradation of the adapter protein dishevelled-1 (Dvl1), the expression of which negatively regulates cell-cell contact. Nedd4-mediated ubiquitylation requires its binding to the C-terminal domain of Dvl1, comprising the DEP domain, and targets an N-terminal lysine-rich region upstream of the Dvl1 DIX domain. We found that endogenous Rac1 colocalises with endogenous Dvl1 in intracellular puncta as well as on cell-cell junctions. Finally, activated Rac1 was found to stimulate Nedd4 activity, resulting in increased ubiquitylation of Dvl1. Together, these data reveal a novel Rac1-dependent signalling pathway that, through Nedd4-mediated ubiquitylation of Dvl1, stimulates the maturation of epithelial cell-cell contacts.

Obesity prevention efforts for school-aged children and adolescents are increasing in number. However, little has been done to address the problem in the preschool age. To address this age group, an evidence-based preschool programme on physical activity (PA) and nutrition is developed within the ToyBox project. Environmental influencing factors such as policies and competitive health promotion activities could inhibit or induce a successful health promotion programme. This paper describes an overview of existing policies, legislation and/or regulations and health promotion activities in the preschool setting. Method: data were gathered on policies and activities aiming to improve healthy eating and PA of young children (age group 4-6 years) in Belgium-Flanders, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Poland and Spain. A limited number of influencing policies, regulations and/or legislation exists; agenda setting of health promotion and policy evaluations in all relevant policy areas was lacking. Also, health promotion activities in preschool the setting did not exist in all six European countries and high-quality preschool-based health interventions existed in three of the six ToyBox countries., Funding Agency:CORDIS of the European Commission 245200

Two types of trass are extracted in Germany. Rhenish trass is a volcanic tuff from the area around Lake Laacher, and Bavarian trass, referred to as suevite, was formed as a result of meteorite impact and is found in the Nordlinger Ries district. Suevite has a much higher SiO2 content. Trass is a low-alkali mineral with large pore volume and high porosity, making it particularly useful for flue gas cleaning applications. Powdered trass can be used to remove long-chain hydrocarbons in entrained flow processes and, in granular form, as a first layer or sole adsorbent for the separation of aerosols in fixed bed processes., Two types of trass are extracted in Germany. Rhenish trass is a volcanic tuff from the area around Lake Laacher, and Bavarian trass, referred to as suevite, was formed as a result of meteorite impact and is found in the Nordlinger Ries district. Suevite has a much higher SiO2 content. Trass is a low-alkali mineral with large pore volume and high porosity, making it particularly useful for flue gas cleaning applications. Powdered trass can be used to remove long-chain hydrocarbons in entrained flow processes and, in granular form, as a first layer or sole adsorbent for the separation of aerosols in fixed bed processes.

Udgivelsesdato: May, 2006, Global warming scenarios foresee increases in air temperatures of 3-5 °C in Northern European regions within the next 70 years. To evaluate the potential effects of global warming on shallow eutrophic lakes, a flow-through experiment combining three temperature scenarios and two nutrient levels was conducted in 24 outdoor mesocosms. Eight mesocosms were unheated and acted as controls, while sixteen were heated - eight according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) climate scenario A2 down-scaled to regional level (2.5-4.4 °C, depending on season) and eight according to scenario A2+ with an additional 50% temperature increase. Half of the mesocosms were enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus to simulate increased runoff from terrestrial sources due to the increased precipitation predicted by the A2 scenario. The other half were un-enriched and received only natural nutrient input from the groundwater that fed all the mesocosms. The abundance and development pattern of the microbial communities within the mesocosms were tracked during a 16-month period. Generally, the results showed that the abundances of picoalgae, bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates changed in a similar manner over time; abundances being lower in winter than in summer. Warming in itself had no effect on abundance, albeit it significantly modified the positive effect of the nutrients. Only at ambient temperatures did the whole microbial assemblage respond positively to nutrients. In the A2 scenario, only picoalgae responded to nutrients, while in the A2+ scenario all but the heterotrophic nanoflagellates showed a response. Elevated winter temperatures seemed not to be more important for the microbial assemblage than elevated summer temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the direct effects of warming were far less important than the nutrient effect. The results furthermore reveal that warming and nutrients in combination set off complex interactions. In consequence, glob

Udgivelsesdato: May, 2006, Global warming scenarios foresee increases in air temperatures of 3-5 °C in Northern European regions within the next 70 years. To evaluate the potential effects of global warming on shallow eutrophic lakes, a flow-through experiment combining three temperature scenarios and two nutrient levels was conducted in 24 outdoor mesocosms. Eight mesocosms were unheated and acted as controls, while sixteen were heated - eight according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) climate scenario A2 down-scaled to regional level (2.5-4.4 °C, depending on season) and eight according to scenario A2+ with an additional 50% temperature increase. Half of the mesocosms were enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus to simulate increased runoff from terrestrial sources due to the increased precipitation predicted by the A2 scenario. The other half were un-enriched and received only natural nutrient input from the groundwater that fed all the mesocosms. The abundance and development pattern of the microbial communities within the mesocosms were tracked during a 16-month period. Generally, the results showed that the abundances of picoalgae, bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates changed in a similar manner over time; abundances being lower in winter than in summer. Warming in itself had no effect on abundance, albeit it significantly modified the positive effect of the nutrients. Only at ambient temperatures did the whole microbial assemblage respond positively to nutrients. In the A2 scenario, only picoalgae responded to nutrients, while in the A2+ scenario all but the heterotrophic nanoflagellates showed a response. Elevated winter temperatures seemed not to be more important for the microbial assemblage than elevated summer temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the direct effects of warming were far less important than the nutrient effect. The results furthermore reveal that warming and nutrients in combination set off complex interactions. In consequence, glob

Udgivelsesdato: May, 2006, Global warming scenarios foresee increases in air temperatures of 3-5 °C in Northern European regions within the next 70 years. To evaluate the potential effects of global warming on shallow eutrophic lakes, a flow-through experiment combining three temperature scenarios and two nutrient levels was conducted in 24 outdoor mesocosms. Eight mesocosms were unheated and acted as controls, while sixteen were heated - eight according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) climate scenario A2 down-scaled to regional level (2.5-4.4 °C, depending on season) and eight according to scenario A2+ with an additional 50% temperature increase. Half of the mesocosms were enriched with nitrogen and phosphorus to simulate increased runoff from terrestrial sources due to the increased precipitation predicted by the A2 scenario. The other half were un-enriched and received only natural nutrient input from the groundwater that fed all the mesocosms. The abundance and development pattern of the microbial communities within the mesocosms were tracked during a 16-month period. Generally, the results showed that the abundances of picoalgae, bacteria and heterotrophic nanoflagellates changed in a similar manner over time; abundances being lower in winter than in summer. Warming in itself had no effect on abundance, albeit it significantly modified the positive effect of the nutrients. Only at ambient temperatures did the whole microbial assemblage respond positively to nutrients. In the A2 scenario, only picoalgae responded to nutrients, while in the A2+ scenario all but the heterotrophic nanoflagellates showed a response. Elevated winter temperatures seemed not to be more important for the microbial assemblage than elevated summer temperatures. Our results demonstrate that the direct effects of warming were far less important than the nutrient effect. The results furthermore reveal that warming and nutrients in combination set off complex interactions. In consequence, glob

Het fenomeen lege nv slaat sinds de eerste wereldoorlog in de belangstelling. In hoofdstuk 2 is onderzocht in welke civiele en fiscale verbanden het begrip lege vennootschap in de doctrine en rechtspraak wordt gebruikt. De inhoud van het begrip verschilt al naar gelang de context waarin het wordt gebruikt. Zie: Samenvatting, conclusies en aanbevelingen

Sub Praesidio ... Johannis Hulsemanni ... Publicae ... sistit M. Abrahamus Nethe/ Witteberga Saxo. Ad d. 7. Septembr. An. 1648, Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der SLUB Dresden: Coll.diss.A.55,42

Quam incluti Senatus Philosophici Almae Lipsicae indultu, Praeses M. Johannes Gotofridus Nicander ... & Respondens Melchior Richter/ Parthenopolitanus ... Publicae committunt ventilationi, ad diem III. Iunii, Anno MDCXLVIII. ...

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: 76 A 2656 (5)

Sub Praesidio ... Johannis Hulsemanni ... Publicae ... sistit M. Abrahamus Nethe/ Witteberga Saxo. Ad d. 7. Septembr. An. 1648, Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der SLUB Dresden: Coll.diss.A.55,42

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Untersuchungsbericht der nach dem Schweidnitzer Massaker (31. Juli 1848, 14 Tote) von der Preußischen Nationalversammlung ernannten Kommission. Samt Zeugenaussagen sowie einer Karte der betr. Örtlichkeit, Berichterstatter: Abgeordneter Nethe. [Schornbaum ...], In Fraktur

Sub Praesidio ... Johannis Hulsemanni ... Publicae ... sistit M. Abrahamus Nethe/ Witteberga Saxo. Ad d. 7. Septembr. An. 1648, Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der SLUB Dresden: Coll.diss.A.55,42

Quam incluti Senatus Philosophici Almae Lipsicae indultu, Praeses M. Johannes Gotofridus Nicander ... & Respondens Melchior Richter/ Parthenopolitanus ... Publicae committunt ventilationi, ad diem III. Iunii, Anno MDCXLVIII. ...

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: 76 A 2656 (5)

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Untersuchungsbericht der nach dem Schweidnitzer Massaker (31. Juli 1848, 14 Tote) von der Preußischen Nationalversammlung ernannten Kommission. Samt Zeugenaussagen sowie einer Karte der betr. Örtlichkeit, Berichterstatter: Abgeordneter Nethe. [Schornbaum ...], In Fraktur