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Intrauterusna restrikcija rasta (IUGR) se odnosi na stanje u kojem fetus nije u mogućnosti da ostvari svoj genetski potencijal za rast. IUGR je ozbiljan klinički problem i nedavno je povezan sa bolestima odraslog doba kao što su hipertenzija, insulin nezavistan diabetes melitus, dislipidemije i ishemijske bolesti srca. Eritropoetin je glavni regulator proliferacije i diferencijacije eritroidnih progenitorskih ćelija zahvaljujući svojoj antiapoptotičkoj aktivnosti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj IUGR na bubrege, kao i uticaj eritropotina na bubrege sa IUGR. Eksperimentalna studija je sprovedena u gajilištu Pasterovog zavoda u Novom Sadu na 60 miševa rase NMRI. IUGR je izazivana aplikacijom deksametazona gravidnim ženkama. Po rođenju su mladunci bili podeljeni u sedam grupa. Mladuncima je u 1. i 7. danu života davan darbepoetin alfa (DA) u dozama od 1, 4 i 10μg/kg. Dve grupe su predstavljale potomke majki koje su tokom trudnoće dobile DA. Nakon 4 nedelje su uzimani uzorci bubrega i vršena je morfološka i stereološka analiza glomerula. Aplikacija deksametazona (100 μg/kg) trudnim mišicama dovodi do potomstva sa IUGR. Primena DA kod novorođenih miševa sa IUGR dovodi do bržeg porasta telesne mase u prvih 7 dana života („catch-up― rasta). Miševi rođeni sa IUGR imaju manju površinu glomerula bubrega. Primena DA nakon rođenja i u 7. danu života (4 i 10 μg/kg) kod novorođenih miševa sa IUGR dovodi do hipertrofije glomerula bubrega. IUGR nema uticaja na broj glomerula bubrega miševa. Primena DA nema uticaja na broj glomerula bubrega miševa. Miševi rođeni sa IUGR imaju manju debljinu korteksa bubrega. Primena DA (4 i 10 μg/kg) kod miševa rođenih sa IUGR dovodi do povećanja debljine korteksa bubrega. Davanje DA kod IUGR značajno povećava površinu glomerula i debljinu korteksa bubrega., Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a condition in which a foetus is not able to achieve its genetic potential for growth. IUGR is a serious clinical problem, and has recently been linked with diseases of adulthood, such as hypertension, insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. Erythropoietin is the major regulator of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells, thanks to its anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IUGR on the kidneys, and the impact of erythropoietin on the kidneys with IUGR. The experimental study was conducted in Pasteur Institute of Novi Sad on 60 mice of NMRI race. IUGR has been imposed with the application of dexamethasone to pregnant females. After birth, the pups were divided into seven groups. DA was administered to the pups on the 1st and 7th day of life (dose 1, 4 and 10 μg/kg). Two groups represented the offspring of the mothers who during pregnancy received DA. After 4 weeks, kidney samples were taken and morphological and stereological analysis of the glomeruli was performed. The application of dexamethasone (100 μg/kg) to pregnant mice leads to their offspring with IUGR. Application of DA to newborn mice with IUGR leads to faster weight gain in the first 7 days of life ("catch-up" growth). Mice born with IUGR have a reduced glomerular surface. Application of DA after birth and on the 7th day of life (4 and 10 μg/kg) in mice with IUGR leads to hypertrophy of the kidney glomeruli. IUGR has no effect on the number of kidney glomeruli. Application of DA has no effect on the number of kidney glomeruli. Mice born with IUGR have a reduced cortical thickness. Application of DA (4 and 10 μg/kg) in mice born with IUGR leads to increased thickness of the kidney cortex. Application of DA to mice with IUGR significantly increases the surface area of the kidney glomeruli and cortical thickness.

Intrauterusna restrikcija rasta (IUGR) se odnosi na stanje u kojem fetus nije u mogućnosti da ostvari svoj genetski potencijal za rast. IUGR je ozbiljan klinički problem i nedavno je povezan sa bolestima odraslog doba kao što su hipertenzija, insulin nezavistan diabetes melitus, dislipidemije i ishemijske bolesti srca. Eritropoetin je glavni regulator proliferacije i diferencijacije eritroidnih progenitorskih ćelija zahvaljujući svojoj antiapoptotičkoj aktivnosti. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj IUGR na bubrege, kao i uticaj eritropotina na bubrege sa IUGR. Eksperimentalna studija je sprovedena u gajilištu Pasterovog zavoda u Novom Sadu na 60 miševa rase NMRI. IUGR je izazivana aplikacijom deksametazona gravidnim ženkama. Po rođenju su mladunci bili podeljeni u sedam grupa. Mladuncima je u 1. i 7. danu života davan darbepoetin alfa (DA) u dozama od 1, 4 i 10μg/kg. Dve grupe su predstavljale potomke majki koje su tokom trudnoće dobile DA. Nakon 4 nedelje su uzimani uzorci bubrega i vršena je morfološka i stereološka analiza glomerula. Aplikacija deksametazona (100 μg/kg) trudnim mišicama dovodi do potomstva sa IUGR. Primena DA kod novorođenih miševa sa IUGR dovodi do bržeg porasta telesne mase u prvih 7 dana života („catch-up― rasta). Miševi rođeni sa IUGR imaju manju površinu glomerula bubrega. Primena DA nakon rođenja i u 7. danu života (4 i 10 μg/kg) kod novorođenih miševa sa IUGR dovodi do hipertrofije glomerula bubrega. IUGR nema uticaja na broj glomerula bubrega miševa. Primena DA nema uticaja na broj glomerula bubrega miševa. Miševi rođeni sa IUGR imaju manju debljinu korteksa bubrega. Primena DA (4 i 10 μg/kg) kod miševa rođenih sa IUGR dovodi do povećanja debljine korteksa bubrega. Davanje DA kod IUGR značajno povećava površinu glomerula i debljinu korteksa bubrega., Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to a condition in which a foetus is not able to achieve its genetic potential for growth. IUGR is a serious clinical problem, and has recently been linked with diseases of adulthood, such as hypertension, insulin-independent diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and ischemic heart disease. Erythropoietin is the major regulator of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells, thanks to its anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IUGR on the kidneys, and the impact of erythropoietin on the kidneys with IUGR. The experimental study was conducted in Pasteur Institute of Novi Sad on 60 mice of NMRI race. IUGR has been imposed with the application of dexamethasone to pregnant females. After birth, the pups were divided into seven groups. DA was administered to the pups on the 1st and 7th day of life (dose 1, 4 and 10 μg/kg). Two groups represented the offspring of the mothers who during pregnancy received DA. After 4 weeks, kidney samples were taken and morphological and stereological analysis of the glomeruli was performed. The application of dexamethasone (100 μg/kg) to pregnant mice leads to their offspring with IUGR. Application of DA to newborn mice with IUGR leads to faster weight gain in the first 7 days of life ("catch-up" growth). Mice born with IUGR have a reduced glomerular surface. Application of DA after birth and on the 7th day of life (4 and 10 μg/kg) in mice with IUGR leads to hypertrophy of the kidney glomeruli. IUGR has no effect on the number of kidney glomeruli. Application of DA has no effect on the number of kidney glomeruli. Mice born with IUGR have a reduced cortical thickness. Application of DA (4 and 10 μg/kg) in mice born with IUGR leads to increased thickness of the kidney cortex. Application of DA to mice with IUGR significantly increases the surface area of the kidney glomeruli and cortical thickness.

Uvod: Bronhopulmonalna displazija (BPD) je najčešća i najteža respiratorna posledica prematuriteta. Utvrđivanje najznačajnijih faktora rizika za nastanak BPD kod novorođenčadi porođajne mase (PM) ispod 1500g može omogućiti procenu rizika za nastanak bolesti i identifikaciju novorođenčadi u visokom riziku, što je važno za pružanje informacija roditeljima o prognozi, planiranje preventivnih i terapijskih mera i stratifikovanje novorođenčadi koja su u riziku za sprovođenje budućih istraživanja. Cilj: Utvrđivanje incidencije, stepena težine BPD, smrtnosti, identifikacija najznačajnijih prenatalnih i postnatalnih faktora rizika za nastanak BPD, konstrukcije modela predikcije za nastanak BPD. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno na 504 prevremeno rođene novorođenčadi PM<1500g koja su rođena u porodilištima u AP Vojvodini i lečena u tercijarnom Centru za neonatologiju i intenzivnu negu i terapiju, na Institutu za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine u periodu od 2006.-2011. godine. Retrospektivno je analizirano prisustvo BPD, prema stepenima težine, smrtnost. Podaci su izdvojeni iz istorija bolesti za svako novorođenče, 30 potencijalnih prenatalnih i postnatalnih faktora je opisano deskriptivnom i univarijantnom statistikom. Statstički najznačajniji faktori su uneti u multifaktorsku logističku regresionu analizu u cilju konstrukcije prediktivnih modela za nastanak BPD u 1.,14. i 21. danu neonatalnog života. Podaci su obrađeni u StatSoft-ovom programskom paketu Statistica 10.0. Validacija modela predikcije je sprovedena u prospektivnom delu istraživanja, na 100 prevremeno rođene novorođenčadi<1500g, u periodu od 2012-2013. godine. Rezultati: U retrospektivnom delu istraživanja, od 504 novorođenčeta PM<1500 grama, umrlo je 17.65%, BPD je imalo 45.43% (blagu BPD 19.44%, srednje tešku 19.84%, tešku 6.15%), srednje tešku i tešku 25.99%.Antenatalna primena kortikosteroida je zastupljena u 47.02%, surfaktant je primenjen kod 69.78% novorođe, Introduction: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common serious pulmonary morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. It is of clinical importance to determine clinical variables that are associated with BPD in order to identify infants who are at risk of developing BPD; it contributes to BPD prevention, may enable prognostic information for parents and future studies design. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and severity of BPD, mortality rate in VLBW infants, to identify prenatal and postnatal predictive risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and competing outcome of death and to develop predictive models. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in 504 VLBW infants born in the maternity hospitals in Vojvodina and admitted to tertiary Center for newborn and neonatal intensive care at the Institute for Child and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina, from January 2006. to December 2011. Data were retrospectively collected from clinical records for outcomes BPD or death; prenatal and postnatal factors associated with BPD were collected at three postnatal ages and examined by descriptive and univariate statistics; factors that were significantly associated with BPD and/or death were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis for develop predictive models. Data were analyzed using StatSoft's software package Statistica 10.0. Validation of the models were conducted in a prospective study in 102 VLBW infants born from January 2012. to December 2013. Results: There were 504 very low birth weight infants who were eligible for this study, 17.65% died, 45.43% developed BPD (mild BPD 19.44%, moderate 19.84%, severe 6.15%), moderate and severe 25.99%. The mean birth weight for the cohort was 1125.6±280.9g, the mean gestation age was GS 28,78±3,01, 49.21% were male. Surfactant received 69.78%, antenatal steroids 47.02% newborns. Key risk factors for BPD and/or death were: chorioamnionitis and maternal infections at d

Background: Normal pregnancy is characterized by numerous changes in the hemostatic system, creating the hypercoagulable state which increases the risk of venous thromboembolic event (VTE) occurrence. The risk is further increased by the presence of inherited or acquired thrombophilia. Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of thrombophilia in women with pregnancy-related VTE, and to investigate the possible connection between the type of thrombophilia and localization of VTE as well as the gestational age of VTE occurrence. Participants and Methods: Two hundred and two women with the first episode of pregnancy-related VTE and 130 controls were investigated. The antithrombin, protein C and protein S activity, APC resistance, FVG1691A, and FIIG20210A were determined. None of the investigated women was pregnant at the time of thrombophilia testing, and none was using oral contraceptives. Results: Thrombophilia was diagnosed in 95 patients (47%) and 7 controls (5.4%). The prevalence of FV Leiden, FIIG20210A mutations, antithrombin, PC and PS deficiencies taken together and combined thrombophilia was 22.3, 10.4, 6.9 and 6.9%, respectively. Significantly more frequent antepartum occurrence of VTE (11 vs. 3, p lt 0.05) was found in women with natural coagulation inhibitor deficiency. Pulmonary embolism occurred more frequently in nonthrombophilic women (25 vs. 3, p lt 0.001). Conclusion: Inherited thrombophilia was found to be considerably more frequently present in women with pregnancy- and puerperium-related VTE compared to healthy controls. Women with thrombophilia are at higher risk of developing thromboses localized in the iliacofemoral region, and women without thrombophilia are at higher risk of developing pulmonary embolism. Deficiency in natural coagulation inhibitors is associated with antepartum VTE occurrence.

Recurrent fetal loss (RFL) is a significant clinical problem, occurring in 1% to 5% of reproductive females. Inherited or acquired thrombophilia has been diagnosed in 50% to 65% of women with history of unexplained fetal loss. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of thrombophilia in women with unexplained RFL in Serbian population and to find out whether the presence of thrombophilia is associated with pregnancy losses that occur later than 12th gestational week. We have examined 147 women with unexplained RFL or intrauterine fetal death and 128 healthy women with at least 1 uncomplicated pregnancy. The antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), activated protein C (APC) resistance, factor V (FV) G1691A, factor II (FII) G20210A, and MTHFR C677T were determined. At least 1 inherited thrombophilic defect was found in 54 (36.7%) of 147 women with repeated fetal losses and in 11 (8.59%) of 128 controls (P lt .001, OR 6.17, 95% CI 3.06-12.48). The most common thrombophilic abnormalities were homozygosity for MTHFR 677TT, FV Leiden, and FII G20210A. Deficiency of natural anticoagulants occurred in 10 patients, with protein S deficiency being the most frequent one. Thrombophilia was found in 46 of 94 women with RFL that occurred later than the 12th gestational week and in only 8 of 53 with RPL earlier than 12th week (P = .001). Our study has shown the association between the hereditary thrombophilia and RFL that occurred after the 12th gestational week in Serbian population.

Introduction The optimal treatment of pregnancy associated VTE (venous thromboembolism) has not been established yet. Objective The assessment of the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) nadroparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) used for the treatment of pregnancy and puerperium related VTE. Primary study goals were to analyze the incidence of recurrent VTE (proximal extension or pulmonary thromboembolism), thrombocytopenia, major and minor hemorrhages and skin allergic reactions. The study also included the incidence of miscarriages, stillbirth and neonatal abnormalities. We also studied the relationship between the presence of thrombophilia and the occurrence of complications during VIE treatment. Methods Seventy-two women with antepartal VTE treated with s.c. LMWH during entire pregnancy and 88 women with postpartal VIE initially treated with either s.c. LMWH or i.v.UFH were under follow-up during the entire treatment. Thrombophilia testing included antithrombin, protein C and protein S activity levels, Activated protein C (APC) resistance, LA, ACL, FV Leiden, FII G20210A and MTHFR C677T mutations. Results Twice a day weight based therapeutic regimen was applied for LMWH and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) adjusted UFH dosages. After 2-6 weeks of antepartal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) treatment the dose of nadroparin was reduced to intermediate level. The duration of LMWH therapy during pregnancy was 1-35 weeks, on average 16 weeks. One case (0.62%) of DVT propagation into the vena cava occurred in a woman with antithrombin deficiency treated with LMWH. Two women (1.25%) had minor bleeding and 5 (3.125%) had minimal bleeding, while 3 (1.9%) had skin allergic reactions. The rate of successful pregnancy outcome was 97.2%. There were no cases of stillbirth or neonatal congenital abnormalities. Thrombophilia was found in 86 women (53.7%). No statistically significant correlation between the presence of thrombophilia and treatment c