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Despite a legacy of extensive deforestation, the 720 km2 city state of Singapore still harbours impressively diverse flora and fauna. Given increasing evidence of global insect declines, we urgently need to better document and protect local insect diversity. Numerous species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) have been recorded or described from Singapore since its founding in 1819. However, it has been over a century since Hugo Viehmeyer (1916) documented a total of 159 species found in the country. Here, we present an updated comprehensive checklist of all named species and subspecies of ants found in Singapore, with specimen collection data, and notes on taxonomy and ecology in the local context. We compiled the list based on museum collections material (the Zoological Reference Collection), primary literature sources, and verified records from known overseas repositories. We documented a total of 409 nominal species and subspecies, also a few notable morphospecies, from 10 subfamilies and 100 genera. These include new records for 121 species and 10 genera. Another 96 species and subspecies have types designated from Singapore; of these, 34 are currently considered as endemic. We also raised nine subspecies to species and synonymized two species, providing reasons justifying each status change: 1) Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) carinifer stat. n., 2) Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) tinctus nom rev., 3) Paraparatrechina malaccana stat. n., 4) Aphaenogaster simulans Forel, 1915 stat. n., 5) Myrmicaria adpressipilosa stat. n., 6) Vollenhovia minuta stat. n., 7) Vollenhovia brevicornis (Emery, 1893) = V. fridae Forel, 1913 syn. n., 8) Hypoponera javana stat. n., 9) Hypoponera singaporensis stat. n., 10) Mesoponera javana stat. n. Most species are considered native to Indomalaya, including 13 cosmopolitan tramps. Only 10 other species are presumed exotic to the region. At the time of writing, Singapore can be deemed the city with the highest recorded ant diversity in the world. Des, source:http://www.asian-myrmecology.org/doi/10.20362/am.015006.html

The Latin-american press of the end of the Old Regime is used to study the vision of the animal world, either as pets, as pests, as monstrous beings, or as objects of study, forming part, in the latter case, of a Natural History adapted to the American con-ditions and that served as one of the ideological foundations of independence, Se utiliza la prensa latinoamericana de finales del Antiguo Régimen para estudiar la visión del mundo animal, bien como mascotas, como plagas, como seres monstruosos, o como objetos de estudio, formando parte, en este ultimo caso, de una Historia Natural adaptada a las condiciones americanas y que sirviera como uno de los fundamentos ideológicos de la independencia

This article discusses the material history of coffee and tea by drawing on mid-eighteenth-century substitute recipes collected by physicians in different provinces of Sweden, applying perspectives from economic history, the history of science, medicine, and globalization. The starting point for the analysis is that a substitute can be said to reflect what are perceived as the most important properties, in terms of look, feel, taste, and scent, of the thing being copied. The products of a predominantly self-sustained agrarian world, the tea and coffee substitutes offered a distinctive rural alternative to the new exotic beverages. In terms of ecology and economy, this context encompassed large parts of central and north-eastern Europe; it also involved areas with a history of consumption that differed considerably from those of the cosmopolitan elites which have hitherto dominated the scholarship on eighteenth-century coffee and tea. The article finally suggests that the ways in which early modern substitutes were consumed and processed helped pave the way for the mass consumption of imported goods in rural areas of Europe in the following centuries.

The city of Rome appears in the works of the French naturalist Pierre Belon as a decisive place, one of the main nodes of his multiple trajectories, both geographical and intellectual. Rome is constantly recurring in his writings, in several forms: through the visits he made there, which are reflected in references to Roman spaces and antiquities, as well as through the ancient scholarly tradition, which was mobilized as a source of information on the natural world. This article analyses the role played by the Roman terrain in Belon’s project of naturalist knowledge in relation to the Levant, another space he experienced, and which lies at the heart of his texts. If other places, notably Italian as Venice, contribute to Belon's grasp of the Levant, it will be shown that Rome is in this respect a central and singular crossroads, which offers a multiplicity of resources and therefore constitutes a point of entry and anchorage in which several scales and dimensions are at play. We will also try to demonstrate the interest in linking the “Roman” Belon to the place occupied by French politico-confessional interests in Rome, by grasping the extent to which his defense of the Catholic Church is linked to his path in the Eastern Mediterranean., La ciudad de Roma aparece para el naturalista francés Pierre Belon como un lugar decisivo en la construcción de su obra, uno de los nodos principales de sus múltiples trayectorias, tanto geográficas como intelectuales. Roma se repite constantemente en sus escritos, de varias formas: a través de las visitas que realizó allí, que se reflejan en referencias a espacios y antigüedades romanas, así como a través de la antigua tradición erudita, a la que recurre como fuente de información sobre los mundos naturales. Este artículo analiza el papel desempeñado por Roma en el proyecto naturalista de Belon en relación con el Levante, otro espacio que conoció y que se encuentra en el centro de sus textos. Si otros lugares, en particular italianos como Venecia, contribuyen a captar el Levante por parte de Belon, se demostrará que Roma es a este respecto una encrucijada central y singular, que ofrece una multiplicidad de recursos y constituye por tanto un punto de entrada y de anclaje en el que se ponen en juego varias escalas y dimensiones. También intentaremos demostrar el interés de vincular al Belon “romano” con el lugar que ocupan los intereses político-confesionales franceses en Roma, dando cuenta de hasta qué punto su defensa de la Iglesia católica está ligada a su trayectoria en el Mediterráneo oriental., La ville de Rome apparaît chez le naturaliste français Pierre Belon comme un lieu décisif dans la construction de son œuvre, un des principaux nœuds de ses multiples trajectoires, géographiques aussi bien qu’intellectuelles. Rome revient sans cesse, en effet, sous plusieurs formes, dans ses écrits : par les séjours qu’il y effectua et qui se traduisent par des références à des espaces romains et à ses antiquités, autant que par la tradition érudite ancienne, mobilisée comme source d’information sur les mondes naturels. Cet article analyse le rôle joué par le terrain romain dans le projet de savoir naturaliste de Belon en relation avec le Levant, un autre espace dont il a fait l’expérience et qui se trouve au cœur de ses textes. Si d’autres lieux, notamment italiens avec Venise, concourent à la saisie du Levant par Belon, il s’agira de montrer que Rome est à cet égard un carrefour central et singulier, qui offre une multiplicité de ressources et constitue dès lors un point d’entrée et d’ancrage dans lequel plusieurs échelles et dimensions sont en jeu. On cherchera également à démontrer l’intérêt de nouer le Belon « romain » à la place qu’occupent les intérêts politico-confessionnels français à Rome, en saisissant combien sa défense de l’Eglise catholique s’articule à son parcours dans la Méditerranée orientale.

The article explores the relationship between late 16th-century Rome and the nature of an extreme Orient, starting with the case of the arrival in the city of the popes of a female specimen of a rare bird too quickly named Avis Japonica by the papal physician Michele Mercati. At first, the reflection focuses on the presence and significance of this bird within the epistemological and geopolitical world that Mercati defined by the Vatican between the space of a museum and the pages of a book to both of which he gave the name Metallotheca. Then, following the traces of other birds that presented identical characteristics to the Avis called Japonica among the historiae, representations and naturalistic collections of 16th century Europe, the analysis dwells on the epistemological, symbolic and political difficulties and implications that the study of the nature of distant worlds could assume in the papal Rome., El artículo cuestiona la relación entre la Roma de finales del siglo XVI y la naturaleza de un Oriente extremo, a partir del caso de la llegada a la ciudad de un ejemplar hembra de un ave rara bautizada demasiado pronto por el médico papal Michele Mercati como Avis Japonica. En un primer momento, la reflexión se centra en la presencia y el significado de esta ave dentro del mundo epistemológico y geopolítico que Mercati definió en el Vaticano entre el espacio de un museo y las páginas de un libro, a los dos de los cuales dio el nombre de Metalloth-eca. A continuación, siguiendo las huellas de otras aves que presentaban características idénticas a la Avis llamada Japonica entre las historiae, representaciones y colecciones naturalistas de la Europa de la época, el análisis se detiene en las dificultades e implicaciones epistemológicas, simbólicas y políticas que el estudio de la naturaleza de mundos lejanos podía asumir en la Roma papal., L’articolo si interroga sul rapporto tra la Roma tardo cinquecentesca e la natura di un Oriente estremo, a partire dal caso dell’arrivo nella città di un esemplare femminile di un raro volatile, troppo rapidamente battezzato dal medico pontificio Michele Mercati Avis Japonica. In un primo tempo, la riflessione si concentra sulla presenza e il significato di questo uccello all’interno del mondo epistemologico e geopolitico che Mercati definisce dal Vaticano tra lo spazio di un museo e le pagine di un libro che portano entrambi il nome di Metallotheca. Quindi, seguendo le tracce di altri uccelli che presentavano caratteristiche identiche all’Avis detta Japonica tra le historiae, le rappresentazioni e le collezioni naturalistiche dell’Europa del tempo, l’analisi si sofferma sulle difficoltà e le implicazioni epistemologiche, simboliche e politiche che lo studio della natura di mondi lontani poteva assumere nella Roma dei papi.

This article discusses the material history of coffee and tea by drawing on mid-eighteenth-century substitute recipes collected by physicians in different provinces of Sweden, applying perspectives from economic history, the history of science, medicine, and globalization. The starting point for the analysis is that a substitute can be said to reflect what are perceived as the most important properties, in terms of look, feel, taste, and scent, of the thing being copied. The products of a predominantly self-sustained agrarian world, the tea and coffee substitutes offered a distinctive rural alternative to the new exotic beverages. In terms of ecology and economy, this context encompassed large parts of central and north-eastern Europe; it also involved areas with a history of consumption that differed considerably from those of the cosmopolitan elites which have hitherto dominated the scholarship on eighteenth-century coffee and tea. The article finally suggests that the ways in which early modern substitutes were consumed and processed helped pave the way for the mass consumption of imported goods in rural areas of Europe in the following centuries.

Background Cluster headache exists diagnostically in a chronic and episodic variant between which patients can convert. We aimed to describe how many patients change phenotype, elucidate possible factors associated with this transition and identify differences in clinical features between primary and secondary phenotypes. Methods 540 well-defined cluster headache patients according to current ICHD-criteria completed a cross-sectional semi-structured interview. Results Total transition-incidence for the cohort was 20.7%. Conversion from chronic to episodic was reported by 6.3% and transition from episodic to chronic by 14.4% with attack side shift as a possible predictor (p = 0.007). Compared to primary chronic patients, secondary chronic patients had more frequent (60 vs 34 per month, p = 0.0487), but shorter (60 vs 90 minutes, p = 0.041) attacks. Secondary episodic patients experienced shorter remission periods than primary episodic patients (6 vs 11 months, p = 0.010). Treatment response was poor in all groups and only one third had effective prevention. Conclusion Cluster headache is a fluctuating disorder with a fifth of our cohort having experienced at least one phenotype change during course of disease. Apart from attack side shifts, no predictors for transition were identified. Severity differed between primary and secondary subtypes. Overall, there is an urgent need for better understanding of cluster headache.

La Universidad Complutense de Madrid cuenta con una extraordinaria colección de modelos Brendel elaborados en papel maché y/o gelatina. En el año 2020, nuestro grupo de investigación llevó a cabo el proyecto expositivo HERBARIOS IMAGINADOS. Entre el Arte y la Ciencia, en la sala c-arte-c del Centro de Arte Complutense, que supuso la oportunidad de restaurar una selección de 19 esculturas. El artículo ofrece una visión general historiográfica y epistemológica de estos objetos singulares para comprender cómo sus usos y funciones establecieron estrechas conexiones entre la historia de la ciencia y la producción artística. En una segunda parte se exponen las metodologías de conservación-restauración que se adoptaron, destacando la aportación de las técnicas digitales 3D en la toma de decisiones al posibilitar un conocimiento exhaustivo del objeto y ayudar a minimizar los riesgos por manipulación directa., The Complutense University of Madrid has an extraordinary collection of Brendel models made of papier-mâché and/our gelatin. In 2020, our research group carried out the exhibition project IMAGINARY HERBARIA. Between Art and Science, in the c-arte-c room of the Complutense Art Center, which provided the opportunity to restore a selection of 19 sculptures. The article offers a historiographic and epistemological overview of these unique objects to understand how their uses and functions established close connections between the history of science and artistic production. In a second part, the conservation-restoration methodologies that were adopted are presented, highlighting the contribution of 3D digital techniques in decision making by enabling an exhaustive knowledge of the object and helping to minimize the risks of direct manipulation., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), Fac. de Bellas Artes, TRUE, pub

The observation and descriptions of animal’s behavior and emotions from the New World began shortly after the arrival of Spaniards in America. The discovery of the Indian natives and new species, completely unknown in Europe, led to a great interest by pioneers like Álvarez Chanca, Fernández de Oviedo, Cieza de León, Sahagún, Francisco Hernández, Acosta, Cobo or much later by Azara. In our opinion, these studies provided the basis for the study of animal behavior and emotions in the New and the Old World and allowed a new understanding of the Natural History. Probably, all these preliminary findings were crucial for the work of Charles Darwin three Centuries later. Moreover, it is suggested that the future development of Comparative Psychology based on Darwin and Romanes work, settled its distant roots in the work of these early pioneers. [RESUMEN] El germen de las ideas evolucionistas se encuentra ya en los trabajos de campo de los españoles en tierras americanas. El descubrimiento de animales completamente desconocidos en Europa condujo a un gran interés por describir estas especies y su conducta y emociones. Estos trabajos y observaciones impulsadas con el ardor de la conquista por pioneros como Álvarez Chanca, Fernández de Oviedo, Cieza de León, Sahagún, Francisco Hernández, Acosta, Cobo o más tarde Azara permitieron sentar las bases sobre el estudio de conducta animal y de las emociones, cuestión que resultará crucial en la obra de Darwin. El futuro desarrollo de la psicología comparada impulsada por los estudios de Darwin y Romanes, asienta sus raíces lejanas en los trabajos de estos primeros exploradores españoles., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Fondos FEDER, Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Fac. de Psicología, TRUE, pub

The Latin-american press of the end of the Old Regime is used to study the vision of the animal world, either as pets, as pests, as monstrous beings, or as objects of study, forming part, in the latter case, of a Natural History adapted to the American con-ditions and that served as one of the ideological foundations of independence, Se utiliza la prensa latinoamericana de finales del Antiguo Régimen para estudiar la visión del mundo animal, bien como mascotas, como plagas, como seres monstruosos, o como objetos de estudio, formando parte, en este ultimo caso, de una Historia Natural adaptada a las condiciones americanas y que sirviera como uno de los fundamentos ideológicos de la independencia

Compassionate collection involves minimizing harm while collecting museum data in the field. By adopting this practice, natural history museums could better maintain existing collections, accommodate more nonlethal specimens and data, and foster an inclusive community.

Many authors, in the early modern era, speculated on the origins of the indigenous people in the Americas. The article analyses the discourses by which Juan Ignacio Molina (1740-1829) depicts Mapuche, which constitutes a fragment of the ‘idea’ of the natives widespread in Europe. By focusing on the theories about their Western ancestry, language, and status of development, the study contributes to framing the representation of such groups and deconstructs the milieu in which these ideas have been produced.

INTRODUCTION: Lenadogene nolparvovec is a promising novel gene therapy for patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) carrying the m.11778G>A ND4 mutation (MT-ND4). A previous pooled analysis of phase 3 studies showed an improvement in visual acuity of patients injected with lenadogene nolparvovec compared to natural history. Here, we report updated results by incorporating data from the latest phase 3 trial REFLECT in the pool, increasing the number of treated patients from 76 to 174. METHODS: The visual acuity of 174 MT-ND4-carrying patients with LHON injected in one or both eyes with lenadogene nolparvovec from four pooled phase 3 studies (REVERSE, RESCUE and their long-term extension trial RESTORE; and REFLECT trial) was compared to the spontaneous evolution of an external control group of 208 matched patients from 11 natural history studies. RESULTS: Treated patients showed a clinically relevant and sustained improvement in their visual acuity when compared to natural history. Mean improvement versus natural history was - 0.30 logMAR (+ 15 ETDRS letters equivalent) at last observation (P < 0.01) with a maximal follow-up of 3.9 years after injection. Most treated eyes were on-chart as compared to less than half of natural history eyes at 48 months after vision loss (89.6% versus 48.1%; P < 0.01) and at last observation (76.1% versus 44.4%; P < 0.01). When we adjusted for covariates of interest (gender, age of onset, ethnicity, and duration of follow-up), the estimated mean gain was - 0.43 logMAR (+ 21.5 ETDRS letters equivalent) versus natural history at last observation (P < 0.0001). Treatment effect was consistent across all phase 3 clinical trials. Analyses from REFLECT suggest a larger treatment effect in patients receiving bilateral injection compared to unilateral injection. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of lenadogene nolparvovec in improving visual acuity in MT-ND4 LHON was confirmed in a large coho

Largely due to the small number of individuals in captivity, birds of prey remain an understudied, but promising, group for animal cognition research. Variations on the classic string-pulling task have been applied across species to evaluate abilities such as associative learning, means-end understanding, and insight problem solving. Previous research has examined only a few species of raptor on the task such as the Harris’s hawk, great grey owl, and turkey vulture. Here, we explored how 1-3 individuals from each of seven raptor species (turkey vulture, Cathartes aura; barn owl, Tyto alba; western screech owl, Megascops kennicottii; eastern screech owl, Megascops asio; red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis; Swainson’s hawk, Buteo swainsoni; and Harris’s hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus) responded to a standardized vertical apparatus. Our goal was to replicate, diversify, and extend the literature by documenting how these different species approached the same problem. Two strings were tied around a perch, one of which was baited. Birds underwent multiple 60-min trials. At least one bird from four of the seven species retrieved the food reward. Three individuals retrieved the food consistently across trials, including the first recorded solving by a western screech owl. Birds displayed diverse apparatus-directed behaviors and solving methods which supported our predictions regarding sociality and predation method. We frame our findings as a roadmap for future researchers studying physical problem-solving by raptors.&nbsp

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology develops many years before the onset of cognitive symptoms. Two pathological processes—aggregation of the amyloid- (A ) peptide into plaques and the microtubule protein tau into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs)—are hallmarks of the disease. However, other pathological brain processes are thought to be key disease mediators of A plaque and NFT pathology. How these additional pathologies evolve over the course of the disease is currently unknown. Here we show that proteomic measurements in autosomal dominant AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) linked to brain protein coexpression can be used to characterize the evolution of AD pathology over a timescale spanning six decades. SMOC1 and SPON1 proteins associated with A plaques were elevated in AD CSF nearly 30 years before the onset of symptoms, followed by changes in synaptic proteins, metabolic proteins, axonal proteins, inflammatory proteins and finally decreases in neurosecretory proteins. The proteome discriminated mutation carriers from noncarriers before symptom onset as well or better than A and tau measures. Our results highlight the multifaceted landscape of AD pathophysiology and its temporal evolution. Such knowledge will be critical for developing precision therapeutic interventions and biomarkers for AD beyond those associated with A and tau.

With the intention of analysing changes in natural history, human variation and the exercise of imperial power across the British Caribbean, this study poses the following questions: How did changes in natural history impact the understandings and applications of human variety, 1700–1750? How did natural history influence the exercise of imperial power in the British Caribbean? The study posits that there is a connection between natural history and imperial power. Through the contexts of the history of natural history and the history of fear, biopolitics acts as a theoretical framework wherethrough two themes of natural history, "spirits" and weaponry, are analysed using the travel writings of Hans Sloane, Henry Barham, Charles Leslie, Griffith Hughes and Patrick Browne. The study finds that natural history mainly manifested itself as a tool of imperial power by manufacturing two primary ways in which humans could, on demand, be excluded from the realm of humanhood. The first consists of an early eighteenth-century "moral conditional humanhood", manifesting as a symptom of natural history’s theological focus. The second is a mid-eighteenth-century "biological conditional humanhood", being a symptom of that time’s natural-historical focus on biology to determine human variation. The study finds support for a connection between natural history and the exercise of imperial power, for instance, concerning how fear is emphasised in the early eighteenth-century – to hide the violence exercised by Europeans – to then become hidden in the mid-eighteenth-century. In addition, human variation presented itself with a malleability, with the enslaved population being more malleable than the native population.

Background/aims To investigate the natural history of PRPF31-related retinitis pigmentosa (RP11). Materials and methods We identified individuals with RP11 and collected retrospective data from disease onset to present date including genetics, demographic data, Goldmann visual field areas, and visual acuity measurements. Visual fields were evaluated as summed squared degrees and best-corrected visual acuity was converted to logMAR. We performed linear mixed model regression analysis to evaluate annual disease progression, and survival analysis to evaluate the age of legal blindness. Results We included 46 subjects with RP11. Median age of disease onset was 10 years (range 5–65). Follow-up spanned from 0 to 36 years with a median of 8 years. Median Goldmann visual field areas decreased by 10.0% per year (95% CI 7.5%−12.4%) with target IV4e, 7.9% (95% CI 4.5% − 11.2%) with target III4e, and 9.3% (95% CI: 7.0% −11.5%) when combining target sizes. Individuals with RP11 maintained good visual acuity until late stage of disease. Legal blindness was reached at a median age of 57 years (95% CI 50–75 years). Conclusions PRPF31 variants cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa that most commonly manifests in childhood with a variable disease progression. Visual field area deteriorates faster than visual acuity and was the major cause of legal blindness in our study population. This study characterizes disease progression in retinitis pigmentosa caused by PRPF31-variants and demonstrates the importance of differentiation between specific genotypes when counselling patients and conducting natural history studies of RP.

The Revised Hammersmith Scale (RHS) is a 36-item ordinal scale developed using clinical expertise and sound psychometrics to investigate motor function in participants with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA). In this study, we investigate median change in the RHS score up to two years in paediatric SMA 2 and 3 participants and contextualise it to the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE). These change scores were considered by SMA type, motor function, and baseline RHS score. We consider a new transitional group, spanning crawlers, standers, and walkers-with-assistance, and analyse that alongside non-sitters, sitters, and walkers. The transitional group exhibit the most definitive change score trend, with an average 1-year decline of 3 points. In the weakest patients, we are most able to detect positive change in the RHS in the under-5 age group, whereas in the stronger patients, we are most able to detect decline in the RHS in the 8-13 age group. The RHS has a reduced floor effect compared to the HFMSE, although we show that the RHS should be used in conjunction with the RULM for participants scoring less than 20 points on the RHS. The timed items in the RHS have high between-participant variability, so participants with the same RHS total can be differentiated by their timed test items.

ObjectivesWe describe the Residras registry, dedicated to Dravet syndrome (DS) and to other phenotypes related to SCN1A mutations, as a paradigm of registry for rare and complex epilepsies. Our primary objectives are to present the tools and framework of the integrative platform, the main characteristics emerging from the patient cohort included in the registry, with emphasis on demographic, clinical outcome, and mortality. MethodsStandardized data of enrolled pediatric and adult patients were collected in 24 Italian expert centers and regularly updated at least on a yearly basis. Patients were prospectively enrolled, at registry starting, but historical retrospective data were also included. ResultsAt present, 281 individuals with DS and a confirmed SCN1A mutation are included. Most patients have data available on epilepsy (n = 263) and their overall neurological condition (n = 255), based on at least one follow-up update. Median age at first clinical assessment was 2 years (IQR 0-9) while at last follow-up was 11 years (IQR 5-18.5). During the 7-year activity of the registry, five patients died resulting in a mortality rate of 1.84 per 1000-person-years. When analyzing clinical changes over the first 5-year follow-up, we observed a significant difference in cognitive function (P < 0.001), an increased prevalence of behavioral disorders including attention deficit (P < 0.001), a significant worsening of language (P = 0.001), and intellectual disability (P < 0.001). SignificanceThe Residras registry represents a large collection of standardized national data for the DS population. The registry platform relies on a shareable and interoperable framework, which promotes multicenter high-quality data collection. In the future, such integrated platform may represent an invaluable asset for easing access to cohorts of patients that may benefit from clinical trials with emerging novel therapies, for drug safety monitoring, and for delineating natural history. Its

With the intention of analysing changes in natural history, human variation and the exercise of imperial power across the British Caribbean, this study poses the following questions: How did changes in natural history impact the understandings and applications of human variety, 1700–1750? How did natural history influence the exercise of imperial power in the British Caribbean? The study posits that there is a connection between natural history and imperial power. Through the contexts of the history of natural history and the history of fear, biopolitics acts as a theoretical framework wherethrough two themes of natural history, "spirits" and weaponry, are analysed using the travel writings of Hans Sloane, Henry Barham, Charles Leslie, Griffith Hughes and Patrick Browne. The study finds that natural history mainly manifested itself as a tool of imperial power by manufacturing two primary ways in which humans could, on demand, be excluded from the realm of humanhood. The first consists of an early eighteenth-century "moral conditional humanhood", manifesting as a symptom of natural history’s theological focus. The second is a mid-eighteenth-century "biological conditional humanhood", being a symptom of that time’s natural-historical focus on biology to determine human variation. The study finds support for a connection between natural history and the exercise of imperial power, for instance, concerning how fear is emphasised in the early eighteenth-century – to hide the violence exercised by Europeans – to then become hidden in the mid-eighteenth-century. In addition, human variation presented itself with a malleability, with the enslaved population being more malleable than the native population.

This poster was presented at the California Botanical Society 29th Graduate Student Symposium at Cal Poly Humboldt in Arcata, CA on April 1, 2023.Summary: Observation, collection, curation, and archiving are central to ecological understanding and artistic process. Biodiversity data portals are repositories that can be used for a diversity of scientific and artistic applications. Digitization of historical collections increases accessibility and expands the range of potential hypothesis-driven research.

This short piece reflects on the book Extinct Monsters to Deep Time: Conflict, Compromise, and the Making of Smithsonian's Fossil Halls as it is released in paperback. It argues that ethnography offers an important perspective on the power dynamics of institutions, as well as how museums maintain trust via the negotiation process of creating exhibitions.

Despite a legacy of extensive deforestation, the 720 km2 city state of Singapore still harbours impressively diverse flora and fauna. Given increasing evidence of global insect declines, we urgently need to better document and protect local insect diversity. Numerous species of ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) have been recorded or described from Singapore since its founding in 1819. However, it has been over a century since Hugo Viehmeyer (1916) documented a total of 159 species found in the country. Here, we present an updated comprehensive checklist of all named species and subspecies of ants found in Singapore, with specimen collection data, and notes on taxonomy and ecology in the local context. We compiled the list based on museum collections material (the Zoological Reference Collection), primary literature sources, and verified records from known overseas repositories. We documented a total of 409 nominal species and subspecies, also a few notable morphospecies, from 10 subfamilies and 100 genera. These include new records for 121 species and 10 genera. Another 96 species and subspecies have types designated from Singapore; of these, 34 are currently considered as endemic. We also raised nine subspecies to species and synonymized two species, providing reasons justifying each status change: 1) Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) carinifer stat. n., 2) Camponotus (Tanaemyrmex) tinctus nom rev., 3) Paraparatrechina malaccana stat. n., 4) Aphaenogaster simulans Forel, 1915 stat. n., 5) Myrmicaria adpressipilosa stat. n., 6) Vollenhovia minuta stat. n., 7) Vollenhovia brevicornis (Emery, 1893) = V. fridae Forel, 1913 syn. n., 8) Hypoponera javana stat. n., 9) Hypoponera singaporensis stat. n., 10) Mesoponera javana stat. n. Most species are considered native to Indomalaya, including 13 cosmopolitan tramps. Only 10 other species are presumed exotic to the region. At the time of writing, Singapore can be deemed the city with the highest recorded ant diversity in the world. Des, source:http://www.asian-myrmecology.org/doi/10.20362/am.015006.html

INTRODUCTION: Lenadogene nolparvovec is a promising novel gene therapy for patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) carrying the m.11778G>A ND4 mutation (MT-ND4). A previous pooled analysis of phase 3 studies showed an improvement in visual acuity of patients injected with lenadogene nolparvovec compared to natural history. Here, we report updated results by incorporating data from the latest phase 3 trial REFLECT in the pool, increasing the number of treated patients from 76 to 174. METHODS: The visual acuity of 174 MT-ND4-carrying patients with LHON injected in one or both eyes with lenadogene nolparvovec from four pooled phase 3 studies (REVERSE, RESCUE and their long-term extension trial RESTORE; and REFLECT trial) was compared to the spontaneous evolution of an external control group of 208 matched patients from 11 natural history studies. RESULTS: Treated patients showed a clinically relevant and sustained improvement in their visual acuity when compared to natural history. Mean improvement versus natural history was - 0.30 logMAR (+ 15 ETDRS letters equivalent) at last observation (P < 0.01) with a maximal follow-up of 3.9 years after injection. Most treated eyes were on-chart as compared to less than half of natural history eyes at 48 months after vision loss (89.6% versus 48.1%; P < 0.01) and at last observation (76.1% versus 44.4%; P < 0.01). When we adjusted for covariates of interest (gender, age of onset, ethnicity, and duration of follow-up), the estimated mean gain was - 0.43 logMAR (+ 21.5 ETDRS letters equivalent) versus natural history at last observation (P < 0.0001). Treatment effect was consistent across all phase 3 clinical trials. Analyses from REFLECT suggest a larger treatment effect in patients receiving bilateral injection compared to unilateral injection. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of lenadogene nolparvovec in improving visual acuity in MT-ND4 LHON was confirmed in a large cohort of patients, compared to the spontaneous natura

The Colombian Caribbean presents physiographic parameters of great homogeneity, showing extensive plains in most of the territory, which are interrupted by massifs such as the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; in the extreme north of Colombia. The riparian forests it houses are characterized by presenting arboreal elements of different strata, which exceed 20 m in height and which develop along rivers and streams. The purpose of this work was to determine the structure and floristic diversity of the riparian vegetation in the lower basin of the Larga la vida stream, in the municipality of Dibulla, La Guajira. A land cover with riparian vegetation was identified near the basin where 20 plots of 50x2 m were established and a census of the vegetation in the area was carried out. The existing diversity and the structure of the vegetal profile in relation to its state of conservation were determined., El caribe colombiano presenta parámetros fisiográficos de gran homogeneidad al mostrar en la mayor parte del territorio extensas planicies, que se ven interrumpidas por macizos como la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta; en el extremo norte de Colombia. Los bosques riparios que alberga se caracterizan por presentar elementos arbóreos de diferentes estratos, que sobrepasan los 20 m de altura y que se desarrollan a lo largo de ríos y caños. La finalidad de este trabajo fue determinar la estructura y la diversidad florística de la vegetación riparias en la cuenca baja de la quebrada Larga la vida, en el municipio de Dibulla, La Guajira. Se identificó una cobertura de tierra con vegetación riparia próxima a la cuenca donde se establecieron 20 parcelas de 50x2 m y se efectuó un censo a la vegetación en el área. Se determinó la diversidad existente y la estructura del perfil vegetal en relación a su estado de conservación.

The general objective of this work is to inquire into the forms of production of knowledge, production around natural history, taking as a corpus of analysis the travel narratives of Spanish scientificexplorations in late 18th century, by Antonio de Córdova (1785-1789) and the Alejandro Malaspina and José de Bustamante (1789-1794), with destination or passing through Magellan. The analysis will be focused on the reading of the routers and reports drawnup by pilots, surgeons and botanists, allowing us to approach from here, as a specific objective, the ways of approaching, selecting, describing and classifying the natural world of the strait, ports, islands and fiords of the southern region, Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general indagar en las formas de producción de saberes en torno a la historia natural, tomando como corpus de análisis las narrativas de viaje de exploraciones científicas españolas de finales del siglo XVIII, de Antonio de Córdova (1785-1789) y la expedición de Alejandro Malaspina y José Bustamante (1789-1794), con destino o de paso por Magallanes. El análisis se concentrará en la lectura de los derroteros e informes levantados por pilotos, cirujanos y botánicos, permitiendo acercarnos desde aquí, en tanto objetivo específico, a las formas de aproximarse, describir y clasificar el mundo natural del estrecho, puertos, islas y fiordos de la región austral.

Las obras de Félix de Azara han sido unas de las principales fuentes coloniales para la etnohistoria en el Río de la Plata y Paraguay, pero también han contribuido a la despolitización indígena en los imaginarios coloniales y poscoloniales. El presente artículo compara la carrera de Azara en la región con el contenido de su historia natural. Demuestra que, mientras que Azara buscó la desposesión o la desaparición indígena en sus labores y sus obras, sus escritos también revelan acciones políticas de agentes indígenas que no encajabanen la lógica naturalista.

Background and aimsInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) lead to high morbidity and unplanned healthcare utilization. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to estimate the cumulative incidence of IBD-related (and all-cause) hospitalization in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD).MethodsThrough a systematic review to September 3, 2019, we identified population-based inception cohort studies in patients with IBD that reported patient-level cumulative incidence of hospitalization at 1, 3 and 5 years after diagnosis. Hospitalization risk was pooled using random effects meta-analysis, and risk factors analyzed through mixed-effects meta-regression and qualitative synthesis.ResultsIn patients with UC (6 cohorts), 1-, 3- and 5-year risk of UC-related hospitalization was 10.4% (95% CI 8.2-13.2), 17.0% (95% CI 14.0-20.4) and 21.5% (95% CI 18.0-25.4), respectively, with considerable heterogeneity. In patients with CD (6 cohorts), 1-, 3- and 5-year risk of CD-related hospitalization was 29.3% (95% CI 20.0-40.8), 38.5% (95% CI 26.8-51.7) and 44.3% (95% CI 32.7-56.5), respectively, with considerable heterogeneity. On meta-regression, steady decline in risk of hospitalization was observed in patients diagnosed in a more contemporary era. Younger age at onset (both UC and CD), extensive colitis (UC), ileal-dominant CD, perianal CD and penetrating and/or stricturing behavior (CD) and early need for corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy (both UC and CD) were associated with increased risk of hospitalization.ConclusionApproximately one in five and one in two patients with UC and CD are hospitalized within 5 years of diagnosis, respectively. Population health management strategies are required to mitigate unplanned healthcare utilization.

Amb l’entrada al segle xx, alguns antics gabinets de les càtedres d’Història Natural dels instituts espanyols d’ensenyament secundari donaren pas a nous espais per a l’ensenyament experimental. Amb el focus en aquest objecte, aquest estudi se centra en un espai particular de pràctica, el de l’antic Instituto de Valencia. El seu gabinet vuitcentista d’Història Natural, considerat com un dels millors del país, es va complementar a partir de 1912 amb un modern laboratori per a la docència (Laboratori d’Història Natural) i un altre per a la investigació (Laboratori d’Hidrobiologia) a càrrec del catedràtic Celso Arévalo. Aquest treball s’emmarca en els estudis sobre la ciència en les aules en perspectiva històrica i l’estudi de la cultura material i visual de l’escola. L’anàlisi fa ús de fonts clàssiques com les memòries anuals del centre, els programes escolars, els inventaris en els Anales del Instituto i manuals, així com altres fonts alternatives com registres fotogràfics i catàlegs comercials de fabricants i editors de material educatiu; i mostra el rol fonamental d’allò visual com a font i metodologia d’anàlisi, també d’allò material (recuperat especialment a través de fonts visuals en aquest cas) permetent entendre l’evolució de l’espai escolar., At the beginning of the 20th century, some of the old cabinets of the Natural History professorships held in the Spanish secondary schools moved toward new spaces for experimental teaching. With a focus on this research object, this study deals with a particular space of practice, the old Instituto de Valencia. Its 19th century Natural History Cabinet considered one of the best in the country, was completed from 1912 with a modern teaching laboratory (Laboratorio de Historia Natural) and a research laboratory (Laboratorio de Hidrobiología), both under the supervision of professor Celso Arévalo. This work is framed in the field of historical research on science in the classroom and the study of the material and visual culture of the school. In my analysis, I use classic sources such as annual school memoirs, school programs, inventories contained in the Anales del Instituto and textbooks, together with more alternative sources such as photographs and commercial catalogues of makers and publishers of educational materials. I show thus the fundamental role of visual culture as a source and analytical method, as well as material culture (although through the lens of visual representations), to provide an improved understanding of the evolution of school spaces., Amb l’entrada al segle xx, alguns antics gabinets de les càtedres d’Història Natural dels instituts espanyols d’ensenyament secundari donaren pas a nous espais per a l’ensenyament experimental. Amb el focus en aquest objecte, aquest estudi se centra en un espai particular de pràctica, el de l’antic Instituto de Valencia. El seu gabinet vuitcentista d’Història Natural, considerat com un dels millors del país, es va complementar a partir de 1912 amb un modern laboratori per a la docència (Laboratori d’Història Natural) i un altre per a la investigació (Laboratori d’Hidrobiologia) a càrrec del catedràtic Celso Arévalo. Aquest treball s’emmarca en els estudis sobre la ciència en les aules en perspectiva històrica i l’estudi de la cultura material i visual de l’escola. L’anàlisi fa ús de fonts clàssiques com les memòries anuals del centre, els programes escolars, els inventaris en els Anales del Instituto i manuals, així com altres fonts alternatives com registres fotogràfics i catàlegs comercials de fabricants i editors de material educatiu; i mostra el rol fonamental d’allò visual com a font i metodologia d’anàlisi, també d’allò material (recuperat especialment a través de fonts visuals en aquest cas) permetent entendre l’evolució de l’espai escolar.

Amb l’entrada al segle xx, alguns antics gabinets de les càtedres d’Història Natural dels instituts espanyols d’ensenyament secundari donaren pas a nous espais per a l’ensenyament experimental. Amb el focus en aquest objecte, aquest estudi se centra en un espai particular de pràctica, el de l’antic Instituto de Valencia. El seu gabinet vuitcentista d’Història Natural, considerat com un dels millors del país, es va complementar a partir de 1912 amb un modern laboratori per a la docència (Laboratori d’Història Natural) i un altre per a la investigació (Laboratori d’Hidrobiologia) a càrrec del catedràtic Celso Arévalo. Aquest treball s’emmarca en els estudis sobre la ciència en les aules en perspectiva històrica i l’estudi de la cultura material i visual de l’escola. L’anàlisi fa ús de fonts clàssiques com les memòries anuals del centre, els programes escolars, els inventaris en els Anales del Instituto i manuals, així com altres fonts alternatives com registres fotogràfics i catàlegs comercials de fabricants i editors de material educatiu; i mostra el rol fonamental d’allò visual com a font i metodologia d’anàlisi, també d’allò material (recuperat especialment a través de fonts visuals en aquest cas) permetent entendre l’evolució de l’espai escolar., At the beginning of the 20th century, some of the old cabinets of the Natural History professorships held in the Spanish secondary schools moved toward new spaces for experimental teaching. With a focus on this research object, this study deals with a particular space of practice, the old Instituto de Valencia. Its 19th century Natural History Cabinet considered one of the best in the country, was completed from 1912 with a modern teaching laboratory (Laboratorio de Historia Natural) and a research laboratory (Laboratorio de Hidrobiología), both under the supervision of professor Celso Arévalo. This work is framed in the field of historical research on science in the classroom and the study of the material and visual culture of the school. In my analysis, I use classic sources such as annual school memoirs, school programs, inventories contained in the Anales del Instituto and textbooks, together with more alternative sources such as photographs and commercial catalogues of makers and publishers of educational materials. I show thus the fundamental role of visual culture as a source and analytical method, as well as material culture (although through the lens of visual representations), to provide an improved understanding of the evolution of school spaces., Amb l’entrada al segle xx, alguns antics gabinets de les càtedres d’Història Natural dels instituts espanyols d’ensenyament secundari donaren pas a nous espais per a l’ensenyament experimental. Amb el focus en aquest objecte, aquest estudi se centra en un espai particular de pràctica, el de l’antic Instituto de Valencia. El seu gabinet vuitcentista d’Història Natural, considerat com un dels millors del país, es va complementar a partir de 1912 amb un modern laboratori per a la docència (Laboratori d’Història Natural) i un altre per a la investigació (Laboratori d’Hidrobiologia) a càrrec del catedràtic Celso Arévalo. Aquest treball s’emmarca en els estudis sobre la ciència en les aules en perspectiva històrica i l’estudi de la cultura material i visual de l’escola. L’anàlisi fa ús de fonts clàssiques com les memòries anuals del centre, els programes escolars, els inventaris en els Anales del Instituto i manuals, així com altres fonts alternatives com registres fotogràfics i catàlegs comercials de fabricants i editors de material educatiu; i mostra el rol fonamental d’allò visual com a font i metodologia d’anàlisi, també d’allò material (recuperat especialment a través de fonts visuals en aquest cas) permetent entendre l’evolució de l’espai escolar.

Amb l’entrada al segle xx, alguns antics gabinets de les càtedres d’Història Natural dels instituts espanyols d’ensenyament secundari donaren pas a nous espais per a l’ensenyament experimental. Amb el focus en aquest objecte, aquest estudi se centra en un espai particular de pràctica, el de l’antic Instituto de Valencia. El seu gabinet vuitcentista d’Història Natural, considerat com un dels millors del país, es va complementar a partir de 1912 amb un modern laboratori per a la docència (Laboratori d’Història Natural) i un altre per a la investigació (Laboratori d’Hidrobiologia) a càrrec del catedràtic Celso Arévalo. Aquest treball s’emmarca en els estudis sobre la ciència en les aules en perspectiva històrica i l’estudi de la cultura material i visual de l’escola. L’anàlisi fa ús de fonts clàssiques com les memòries anuals del centre, els programes escolars, els inventaris en els Anales del Instituto i manuals, així com altres fonts alternatives com registres fotogràfics i catàlegs comercials de fabricants i editors de material educatiu; i mostra el rol fonamental d’allò visual com a font i metodologia d’anàlisi, també d’allò material (recuperat especialment a través de fonts visuals en aquest cas) permetent entendre l’evolució de l’espai escolar., At the beginning of the 20th century, some of the old cabinets of the Natural History professorships held in the Spanish secondary schools moved toward new spaces for experimental teaching. With a focus on this research object, this study deals with a particular space of practice, the old Instituto de Valencia. Its 19th century Natural History Cabinet considered one of the best in the country, was completed from 1912 with a modern teaching laboratory (Laboratorio de Historia Natural) and a research laboratory (Laboratorio de Hidrobiología), both under the supervision of professor Celso Arévalo. This work is framed in the field of historical research on science in the classroom and the study of the material and visual culture of the school. In my analysis, I use classic sources such as annual school memoirs, school programs, inventories contained in the Anales del Instituto and textbooks, together with more alternative sources such as photographs and commercial catalogues of makers and publishers of educational materials. I show thus the fundamental role of visual culture as a source and analytical method, as well as material culture (although through the lens of visual representations), to provide an improved understanding of the evolution of school spaces., Amb l’entrada al segle xx, alguns antics gabinets de les càtedres d’Història Natural dels instituts espanyols d’ensenyament secundari donaren pas a nous espais per a l’ensenyament experimental. Amb el focus en aquest objecte, aquest estudi se centra en un espai particular de pràctica, el de l’antic Instituto de Valencia. El seu gabinet vuitcentista d’Història Natural, considerat com un dels millors del país, es va complementar a partir de 1912 amb un modern laboratori per a la docència (Laboratori d’Història Natural) i un altre per a la investigació (Laboratori d’Hidrobiologia) a càrrec del catedràtic Celso Arévalo. Aquest treball s’emmarca en els estudis sobre la ciència en les aules en perspectiva històrica i l’estudi de la cultura material i visual de l’escola. L’anàlisi fa ús de fonts clàssiques com les memòries anuals del centre, els programes escolars, els inventaris en els Anales del Instituto i manuals, així com altres fonts alternatives com registres fotogràfics i catàlegs comercials de fabricants i editors de material educatiu; i mostra el rol fonamental d’allò visual com a font i metodologia d’anàlisi, també d’allò material (recuperat especialment a través de fonts visuals en aquest cas) permetent entendre l’evolució de l’espai escolar.

Background The long-term course of coronary atherosclerosis has not been studied in large nationwide cohorts. Understanding the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis could help identify patients at risk for future coronary events. Methods and Results All coronary artery segments with <50% luminal stenosis in patients with a first-time coronary angiogram between 1989 and 2017 were identified (n=2 661 245 coronary artery segments in 248 736 patients) and followed until a clinically indicated angiography within 15 years was performed or until death or end of follow-up (April 2018) using SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry). The stenosis progression and incidence rates were 2.6% and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.43-1.46) per 1000 segment-years, respectively. The greatest progression rate occurred in the proximal and middle segments of the left anterior descending artery. Male sex and diabetes were associated with a 2-fold increase in risk, and nearly 70% of new stenoses occurred in patients with baseline single-vessel disease (hazard ratio, 3.86 [95% CI, 3.69-4.04]). Coronary artery segments in patients with no baseline risk factors had a progression rate of 0.6% and incidence rate of 0.36 (95% CI, 0.34-0.39), increasing to 8.1% and 4.01 (95% CI, 3.89-4.14) per 1000 segment-years, respectively, in patients with >= 4 risk factors. The prognostic impact of risk factors on stenosis progression was greatest in younger patients and women. Conclusions Coronary atherosclerosis progressed slowly but more frequently in the left coronary artery in men and in the presence of traditional risk factors. Coronary artery segments in patients without risk factors had little or no risk of stenosis progression, and the relative impact of risk factors appears to be of greater importance in younger patients and women. These findings help in the understanding the long-term course of coronary atherosclerosis.

Digitally accessible Primary Biodiversity Data (PBD) are currently available through a number of web-based platforms. This information is allowing for a growing number of ecological, biodiversity informatics or conservation projects. Most of this information comes from Natural History Collections (NHC) worldwide. Despite well-known limitations, NHC data are particularly useful as a source of data on invertebrates, which comprise about 99% of animal life. However, a presumably very high amount of PBD is still not digitally accessible. Even the most important scientific collections in developed countries are not fully inventoried or digitally accessible. Furthermore, species determination rates remain alarmingly low for some collections, and most existing determinations probably should be retested. This is particularly true of expensive, difficult-to-obtain deep-sea benthic samples. This paper reviews the database on material collected by the German RV ‘Walther Herwig I and II’ during 1966-1978 research cruises to the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SAO), stored in the invertebrate collection (invertebrates except Mollusca, Arthropoda and Annelida) of the Zoological Museum of Hamburg. We found that out of 3,305 records, at least 204 species were identified, 72% are still undetermined at species level and 65% at genus level. While sampling of more remote geographic areas and the use of a wider variety of sampling methods are still necessary, supporting the training of an army of taxonomists will be of paramount importance to overcome the daunting task of analyzing the huge number of samples. stored in museum collections. A community-wide effort is urgently needed to address this issue, and international cooperation must play a key role in this endeavor., Actualmente, los datos primarios de biodiversidad (DPB) accesibles digitalmente están disponibles a través de una serie de plataformas basadas en la web. Esta información ha posibilitado la generación de un número creciente de proyectos ecológicos, de informática de la biodiversidad o de conservación. La mayor parte de esta información proviene de las Colecciones de Historia Natural (CHN) de todo el mundo. A pesar de sus conocidas limitaciones, los datos de las CHN son particularmente útiles como fuente de datos sobre invertebrados, que comprenden alrededor del 99% de la vida animal. Sin embargo una cantidad presuntamente muy alta de DPB todavía no es accesible digitalmente. Incluso las colecciones científicas más importantes de los países desarrollados no se encuentran completamente inventariadas ni son accesibles digitalmente. Además, las tasas de determinación de especies siguen siendo alarmantemente bajas para algunas colecciones, y probablemente la mayoría de las determinaciones existentes deberían volver a analizarse. Esto resulta particularmente cierto con respecto a las muestras bentónicas de aguas profundas, caras y difíciles de obtener. Aquí revisamos la base de datos sobre el material recolectado por el BI alemán “Walther Herwig I y II” durante los cruceros de investigación entre 1966-1978 al Océano Atlántico Sudoccidental (SAO), almacenado en la colección de invertebrados (invertebrados excepto Mollusca, Arthropoda y Annelida) del Museo Zoológico de Hamburgo. Encontramos que de 3.305 registros, donde al menos 204 especies fueron identificadas, el 72% todavía se encuentra sin determinar a nivel de especie y el 65% a nivel de género. Si bien el muestreo de áreas geográficas más remotas y el uso de una mayor variedad de métodos de muestreo aún son necesarios, el apoyo a la capacitación de un ejército de taxónomos será de suma importancia para superar la abrumadora tarea de analizar la enorme cantidad de muestras almacenadas en las colecciones de los museos.

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La legionel·losi és una malaltia produïda per un bacteri anomenat legionel·la que es contrau en inhalar vapor o aerosols d'aigua contaminada. Actualment és un problema de salut pública sobretot, per la seva presentació en forma de brots. El treball se centra en la investigació ambiental i modelització espai-temporal dels brots de legionel·losi en el municipi de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat durant el període 2016-21, per tal de saber si s està lluitant de forma correcta contra la malaltia, identificar mancances pel que fa al control de les inspeccions de risc i millorar el coneixement dels focus ambientals presents al municipi.

Ddatabases and repositories, including microarray data, are important sources of information that can be exploited to understand biological processes that in some cases could be initially identified as unrelated, such are diabetes and arthritis. The use of Machine Learning approaches is essential to extract patterns that could help to identify biological reasons to link phenotypes unrelated. During this project, a set of diabetes samples obtained from the GEO database were analysed to compare patients with and without arthritis. The analysis was developed to identify common/uncommon patterns to help us determine biological factors associated to suffer arthritis by diabetic patients. The classifiers obtained in a 10-fold cross-validation optimized for balanced accuracy > 80% were IL-18, TNFRSF1A, SPP1, CXCL8 and IL-10; which the novel potential of the SPP1 protein as a new biomarker was highlighted due to its lack of previous reports in the scientific literature.

The aim of the study was to establish 24-month changes in a large cohort of type II and III spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients assessed with the Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), a tool specifically developed to assess upper limb function in SMA. We included 107 patients (54 type II and 53 type III) with at least 24-months follow up. The overall RULM 24-month changes showed a mean decline of -0.79 points. The difference between baseline and 24 months was significant in type II but not in type III patients. There was also a difference among functional subgroups but not in relation to age. Most patients had 24-month mean changes within 2 points, with 23% decreasing more than 2 points and 7% improving by >2 points. Our results suggest an overall progressive decline in upper limb function over 24 months. The negative changes were most notable in type II, in non-ambulant type III and with a different pattern of progression, also in non-sitter type II. In contrast, ambulant type III showed relative stability within the 24-month follow up. These findings will help in the interpretation of the real world data collected following the availability of new therapeutic approaches. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

This note presents the first record of Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in a rural area in the municipality of Santa Rosa de Cabal. This finding was obtained by a camera trap. In addition, there were two records by habitants of the sector. These records are of great importance since they are the first in the department of Risaralda outside of protected areas, so arises the idea of implementing monitoring and conservation plans., Esta nota presenta el primer registro de Ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) en un área rural en el municipio de Santa Rosa de Cabal. Este hallazgo se obtuvo mediante cámara trampa. Además se tiene registro de otras dos observaciones de Ocelote por habitantes del sector. Estos registros son de gran importancia ya que son los primeros en del departamento de Risaralda fuera de zonas protegidas, por lo que surge la idea de implementar planes de monitoreo, conservación y concientización.

The Enlightenment has long been defined as an age of expanding knowledge. Practices of collection, classification and display of objects, which intensified and spread along with the global extension of European empires and commercial networks, meant that Enlightenment intellectual aspiration became global in scope. This article focuses on the colonial collections of the Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, the Rev. Dr John Walker, who was also the keeper of the university’s natural history museum. This article studies in particular the actors involved in the movement of a large collection of objects from the Hudson’s Bay Company. The collection was provided by an employee of the Company, Andrew Graham who also penned a manuscript about the artefacts and the people inhabiting Rupert’s Land. Graham’s collecting network included other traders, First Nation and Inuit actors and European-based naturalists. The article highlights the importance of conferring historical agency on a diverse cast of figures in the mobile formation and communication of colonial knowledge about humanity. It argues, however, that this movement of knowledge was not frictionless but was conditioned by uneven power relations and violence.

Aquest treball es basa en dues hipòtesis: Algunes dietes poden augmentar els nivells d'estrògens en sang, i alguns patrons dietètics relacionats amb els estrògens poden augmentar el risc de càncer d'endometri. Per a comprovar aquestes hipòtesis, hem creat un patró dietètic correlacionat amb els nivells d'estrògens mitjançant el mètode del Reduced rank regression (RRR). A posteriori, hem estudiat l'associació entre aquest patró i el risc de càncer d'endometri utilitzant Cox models. Hem vist que una dieta rica en llegums, làctics i cervesa, i baixa en cereals i llegums, està associada a menors nivells de estrògens. També hem observat una lleu associació entre el nostre patró i els risc de càncer d'endometri.

Varios estudios han mostrado que la exposición materna a una dieta de alto contenido en grasa puede remodelar el epigenoma del hígado en la descendencia. Esta reprogramación epigenética causada por la exposición a un alto contenido en grasa conduce a una mayor incidencia de diversas enfermedades en la descendencia. Por ello, estudiamos el efecto del ácido palmítico en ratones. Analizamos los hijos de madres alimentadas con una dieta rica en aceite de palma tanto en su etapa neonatal como en la adulta después de haber sido alimentados siempre con una dieta control. Nos centraremos en H3K4me3 como marca epigenética. Nuestro objetivo es poder estudiar la posible creación de una memoria epigenética intergeneracional provocada por una dieta rica en ácido palmítico. Para ello, realizaremos un análisis bioinformático de la marca H3K4me3 mediante técnicas de ChIP-seq y RNA-seq, incorporando los resultados de ambos análisis para obtener más información. Finalmente, realizaremos una comparación entre la regulación observada en ratones neonatos y adultos.

This master thesis has two aims. The first main objective is to study and obtain robust voxel-wise (3D) radiomic features for lung cancer and with them compute the habitats (unsupervised clusters) to unravel tumor heterogeneity and facilitate a personalized treatment for each patient and to see the progression of the disease over time.The goal is to obtain robust radiomic features that can be generalized to every database with lung cancer data. The second main objective is to develop a CT-radiomic signature (i.e., imaging phenotype) that will predict the tumor immune profile obtained from the RNA analysis of biopsied sample and allow to identify patients with lung cancer who will respond to immunotherapy.

The Enlightenment has long been defined as an age of expanding knowledge. Practices of collection, classification and display of objects, which intensified and spread along with the global extension of European empires and commercial networks, meant that Enlightenment intellectual aspiration became global in scope. This article focuses on the colonial collections of the Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, the Rev. Dr John Walker, who was also the keeper of the university’s natural history museum. This article studies in particular the actors involved in the movement of a large collection of objects from the Hudson’s Bay Company. The collection was provided by an employee of the Company, Andrew Graham who also penned a manuscript about the artefacts and the people inhabiting Rupert’s Land. Graham’s collecting network included other traders, First Nation and Inuit actors and European-based naturalists. The article highlights the importance of conferring historical agency on a diverse cast of figures in the mobile formation and communication of colonial knowledge about humanity. It argues, however, that this movement of knowledge was not frictionless but was conditioned by uneven power relations and violence.

The Enlightenment has long been defined as an age of expanding knowledge. Practices of collection, classification and display of objects, which intensified and spread along with the global extension of European empires and commercial networks, meant that Enlightenment intellectual aspiration became global in scope. This article focuses on the colonial collections of the Professor of Natural History at the University of Edinburgh, the Rev. Dr John Walker, who was also the keeper of the university’s natural history museum. This article studies in particular the actors involved in the movement of a large collection of objects from the Hudson’s Bay Company. The collection was provided by an employee of the Company, Andrew Graham who also penned a manuscript about the artefacts and the people inhabiting Rupert’s Land. Graham’s collecting network included other traders, First Nation and Inuit actors and European-based naturalists. The article highlights the importance of conferring historical agency on a diverse cast of figures in the mobile formation and communication of colonial knowledge about humanity. It argues, however, that this movement of knowledge was not frictionless but was conditioned by uneven power relations and violence.

The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous has a diverse diet ranging from plants to vertebrates, but its diet has never been comprehensively reviewed. Here, we provide the first such review and report the first-ever record of C. thous feeding on the Brazilian lancehead Bothrops moojeni, although other Bothrops species have been documented in the diet of this fox species., El zorro cangrejero Cerdocyon thous tiene una dieta diversa que va desde plantas hasta vertebrados, pero su dieta nunca ha sido revisada exhaustivamente. Aquí, brindamos la primera revisión de este tipo e informamos el primer registro de C. thous alimentándose de la serpiente punta de lanza brasileña Bothrops moojeni, aunque se han documentado otras especies de Bothrops en la dieta de esta especie de zorro.

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