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1. Analytic relations assessing the impact of precursor knowledge and key mission parameters on direct imaging survey yield

Author

Plavchan, Peter, Berberian Jr, John E., Kane, Stephen R, Morgan, Rhonda, Peretz, Eliad, Economon, Sophia, Plavchan, Peter, Berberian Jr, John E., Kane, Stephen R, Morgan, Rhonda, Peretz, Eliad, and Economon, Sophia

Abstract

The Habitable Worlds Observatory will attempt to image Earth-sized planets in Habitable Zone orbits around nearby Sun-like stars. In this work we explore approximate analytic yield calculations for a future flagship direct imaging mission for a survey sample of uniformly distributed set of identical Sun-like stars. We consider the dependence of this exoplanet detection yield on factors such as eta_Earth, telescope diameter, total on-sky time, orbital phase and separation, inner working angle, flux contrast, desired signal-to-noise ratio, spectral resolution, and other factors. We consider the impact on yield and survey efficiency in the absence of and with precursor knowledge of the Earth-size analog exoplanets. In particular, for precursor knowledge we assume the exoplanet orbital phase at the time of observation can be optimized so as to only image the Earth-size analog exoplanet when it is outside the inner working angle. We find that the yield of flagship direct imaging missions such as Habitable Worlds Observatory will be inner-working angle limited for the estimated exoplanet yields, and will not be impacted by precursor knowledge given our assumptions presented herein. However, we find that the survey efficiency will be enhanced by precursor knowledge. We benchmark our analytic approximations against detailed simulations for coronagraphs and starshades carried out for the HabEx and LUVOIR missions concept studies, and find consistent conclusions. Our analytic relations thus provide quick estimates and derivatives of the impact of key mission parameter choices on exo-Earth yield when considering design trades that can supplement existing computational simulations., Comment: submitted to AAS Journals, feedback welcome, 29 pages, 4 figures

Published
2024

2. Deconfusing Detections in Directly Imaged Multiplanet Systems

Author

Pogorelyuk, Leonid, Fitzgerald, Riley, Vlahakis, Sophia, Morgan, Rhonda, Cahoy, Kerri, Pogorelyuk, Leonid, Fitzgerald, Riley, Vlahakis, Sophia, Morgan, Rhonda, and Cahoy, Kerri

Abstract

High-contrast images from future space-based telescopes may contain several planets from multiplanet systems and potentially a few planet-like speckles. When taken several months apart, the short-period planets and speckles will appear to move significantly, to the point that it might not be clear which point source (detection) in the image belongs to which object. In this work, we develop a tool, the deconfuser, to test quickly all the plausible partitions of detections by planets based on orbital mechanics. We then apply the deconfuser to a large set of simulated observations to estimate "confusion" rates, i.e., how often there are multiple distinct orbit combinations that describe the data well. We find that in the absence of missed and false detections, four observations are sufficient to avoid confusion, except for systems with high inclinations (above 75 degrees). In future work, the deconfuser will be integrated into mission simulation tools, such as EXOSIMS, to assess the risk of confusion in missions such as the IR/O/UV large telescope recommended by the Astro2020 decadal survey.

Published
2022

3. Simulations for Planning Next-Generation Exoplanet Radial Velocity Surveys

Author

Newman, Patrick D., Plavchan, Peter, Burt, Jennifer A., Teske, Johanna, Mamajek, Eric E., Leifer, 2 Stephanie, Gaudi, B. Scott, Blackwood, Gary, Morgan, Rhonda, Newman, Patrick D., Plavchan, Peter, Burt, Jennifer A., Teske, Johanna, Mamajek, Eric E., Leifer, 2 Stephanie, Gaudi, B. Scott, Blackwood, Gary, and Morgan, Rhonda

Abstract

Future direct imaging missions such as HabEx and LUVOIR aim to catalog and characterize Earth-mass analogs around nearby stars. The exoplanet yield of these missions will be dependent on the frequency of Earth-like planets, and potentially the a priori knowledge of which stars specifically host suitable planetary systems. Ground or space based radial velocity surveys can potentially perform the pre-selection of targets and assist in the optimization of observation times, as opposed to an uninformed direct imaging survey. In this paper, we present our framework for simulating future radial velocity surveys of nearby stars in support of direct imaging missions. We generate lists of exposure times, observation time-series, and radial velocity time-series given a direct imaging target list. We generate simulated surveys for a proposed set of telescopes and precise radial velocity spectrographs spanning a set of plausible global-network architectures that may be considered for next generation extremely precise radial velocity surveys. We also develop figures of merit for observation frequency and planet detection sensitivity, and compare these across architectures. From these, we draw conclusions, given our stated assumptions and caveats, to optimize the yield of future radial velocity surveys in support of direct imaging missions. We find that all of our considered surveys obtain sufficient numbers of precise observations to meet the minimum theoretical white noise detection sensitivity for Earth-mass habitable zone planets, with margin to explore systematic effects due to stellar activity and correlated noise., Comment: Submitted to AAS Journals; under revision

Published
2022
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4. Planet matching and orbit determination in multi-planet systems for exoplanet direct imaging

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Morgan, Rhonda M, Vlahakis, Sophia K, Pogorelyuk, Leonid, Grubner, Jennifer N, Fitzgerald, Riley, Wang, Sophia, Cahoy, Kerri L, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Morgan, Rhonda M, Vlahakis, Sophia K, Pogorelyuk, Leonid, Grubner, Jennifer N, Fitzgerald, Riley, Wang, Sophia, and Cahoy, Kerri L

Published
2022

5. Joint Radial Velocity and Direct Imaging Planet Yield Calculations: I. Self-consistent Planet Populations

Author

Dulz, Shannon D., Plavchan, Peter, Crepp, Justin R., Stark, Christopher, Morgan, Rhonda, Kane, Stephen R., Newman, Patrick, Matzko, William, Mulders, Gijs D., Dulz, Shannon D., Plavchan, Peter, Crepp, Justin R., Stark, Christopher, Morgan, Rhonda, Kane, Stephen R., Newman, Patrick, Matzko, William, and Mulders, Gijs D.

Abstract

Planet yield calculations may be used to inform the target selection strategy and science operations of space observatories. Forthcoming and proposed NASA missions, such as the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), the Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), and the Large UV/Optical/IR Surveyor (LUVOIR), are expected to be equipped with sensitive coronagraphs and/or starshades. We are developing a suite of numerical simulations to quantify the extent to which ground-based radial velocity (RV) surveys could boost the detection efficiency of direct imaging missions. In this paper, we discuss the first step in the process of estimating planet yields: generating synthetic planetary systems consistent with observed occurrence rates from multiple detection methods. In an attempt to self-consistently populate stars with orbiting planets, it is found that naive extrapolation of occurrence rates (mass, semi-major axis) results in an unrealistically large number-density of Neptune-mass planets beyond the ice-line ($a \gtrsim 5$au), causing dynamic interactions that would destabilize orbits. We impose a stability criterion for multi-planet systems based on mutual Hill radii separation. Considering the influence of compact configurations containing Jovian-mass and Neptune-mass planets results in a marked suppression in the number of terrestrial planets that can exist at large radii. This result has a pronounced impact on planet yield calculations particularly in regions accessible to high-contrast imaging and microlensing. The dynamically compact configurations and occurrence rates that we develop may be incorporated as input into joint RV and direct imaging yield calculations to place meaningful limits on the number of detectable planets with future missions., Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables, accepted to ApJ

Published
2020
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6. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Final Report

Author

Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Plavchan, Peter, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Amini, Rashied, Kuan, Gary, Martin, Stefan, Morgan, Rhonda, Redding, David, Stahl, H. Philip, Webb, Ryan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Arnold, William L., Arya, Manan, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Bell, Ray, Below, Chris, Benson, Jonathan, Blais, Lindsey, Booth, Jeff, Bourgeois, Robert, Bradford, Case, Brewer, Alden, Brooks, Thomas, Cady, Eric, Caldwell, Mary, Calvet, Rob, Carr, Steven, Chan, Derek, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Coste, Keith, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dewell, Larry, Dorsett, Lisa, Dunn, Daniel, East, Matthew, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Freebury, Greg, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Greene, Suzan, Hennessy, John, Hilgemann, Evan, Hood, Brad, Holota, Wolfgang, Howe, Scott, Huang, Pei, Hull, Tony, Hunt, Ron, Hurd, Kevin, Johnson, Sandra, Kissil, Andrew, Knight, Brent, Kolenz, Daniel, Kraus, Oliver, Krist, John, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Mann, John, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCready, Jonathan, McGown, Jim, Missun, Jessica, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Moore, Bradley, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Pineda, Claudia, Polanco, Otto, Putnam, Dustin, Qureshi, Atif, Richards, Michael, Riggs, A. J. Eldorado, Rodgers, Michael, Rud, Mike, Saini, Navtej, Scalisi, Dan, Scharf, Dan, Schulz, Kevin, Serabyn, Gene, Sigrist, Norbert, Sikkia, Glory, Singleton, Andrew, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Southerd, Bart, Stahl, Mark, Steeves, John, Sturges, Brian, Sullivan, Chris, Tang, Hao, Taras, Neil, Tesch, Jonathan, Therrell, Melissa, Tseng, Howard, Valente, Marty, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Westerhoff, Thomas, Wofford, Rush, Wu, Gordon, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Arney, Giada, Anderson, Jay, Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, Bartlett, James, Belikov, Ruslan, Bendek, Eduardo, Cenko, Brad, Douglas, Ewan, Dulz, Shannon, Evans, Chris, Faramaz, Virginie, Feng, Y. Katherina, Ferguson, Harry, Follette, Kate, Ford, Saavik, García, Miriam, Geha, Marla, Gelino, Dawn, Götberg, Ylva, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hu, Renyu, Jahnke, Knud, Kennedy, Grant, Kreidberg, Laura, Isella, Andrea, Lopez, Eric, Marchis, Franck, Macri, Lucas, Marley, Mark, Matzko, William, Mazoyer, Johan, McCandliss, Stephan, Meshkat, Tiffany, Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Patrick, Nielsen, Eric, Newman, Patrick, Petigura, Erik, Postman, Marc, Reines, Amy, Roberge, Aki, Roederer, Ian, Ruane, Garreth, Schwieterman, Edouard, Sirbu, Dan, Spalding, Christopher, Teplitz, Harry, Tumlinson, Jason, Turner, Neal, Werk, Jessica, Wofford, Aida, Wyatt, Mark, Young, Amber, Zellem, Rob, Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Plavchan, Peter, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Amini, Rashied, Kuan, Gary, Martin, Stefan, Morgan, Rhonda, Redding, David, Stahl, H. Philip, Webb, Ryan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Arnold, William L., Arya, Manan, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Bell, Ray, Below, Chris, Benson, Jonathan, Blais, Lindsey, Booth, Jeff, Bourgeois, Robert, Bradford, Case, Brewer, Alden, Brooks, Thomas, Cady, Eric, Caldwell, Mary, Calvet, Rob, Carr, Steven, Chan, Derek, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Coste, Keith, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dewell, Larry, Dorsett, Lisa, Dunn, Daniel, East, Matthew, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Freebury, Greg, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Greene, Suzan, Hennessy, John, Hilgemann, Evan, Hood, Brad, Holota, Wolfgang, Howe, Scott, Huang, Pei, Hull, Tony, Hunt, Ron, Hurd, Kevin, Johnson, Sandra, Kissil, Andrew, Knight, Brent, Kolenz, Daniel, Kraus, Oliver, Krist, John, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Mann, John, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCready, Jonathan, McGown, Jim, Missun, Jessica, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Moore, Bradley, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Pineda, Claudia, Polanco, Otto, Putnam, Dustin, Qureshi, Atif, Richards, Michael, Riggs, A. J. Eldorado, Rodgers, Michael, Rud, Mike, Saini, Navtej, Scalisi, Dan, Scharf, Dan, Schulz, Kevin, Serabyn, Gene, Sigrist, Norbert, Sikkia, Glory, Singleton, Andrew, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Southerd, Bart, Stahl, Mark, Steeves, John, Sturges, Brian, Sullivan, Chris, Tang, Hao, Taras, Neil, Tesch, Jonathan, Therrell, Melissa, Tseng, Howard, Valente, Marty, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Westerhoff, Thomas, Wofford, Rush, Wu, Gordon, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Arney, Giada, Anderson, Jay, Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, Bartlett, James, Belikov, Ruslan, Bendek, Eduardo, Cenko, Brad, Douglas, Ewan, Dulz, Shannon, Evans, Chris, Faramaz, Virginie, Feng, Y. Katherina, Ferguson, Harry, Follette, Kate, Ford, Saavik, García, Miriam, Geha, Marla, Gelino, Dawn, Götberg, Ylva, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hu, Renyu, Jahnke, Knud, Kennedy, Grant, Kreidberg, Laura, Isella, Andrea, Lopez, Eric, Marchis, Franck, Macri, Lucas, Marley, Mark, Matzko, William, Mazoyer, Johan, McCandliss, Stephan, Meshkat, Tiffany, Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Patrick, Nielsen, Eric, Newman, Patrick, Petigura, Erik, Postman, Marc, Reines, Amy, Roberge, Aki, Roederer, Ian, Ruane, Garreth, Schwieterman, Edouard, Sirbu, Dan, Spalding, Christopher, Teplitz, Harry, Tumlinson, Jason, Turner, Neal, Werk, Jessica, Wofford, Aida, Wyatt, Mark, Young, Amber, and Zellem, Rob

Abstract

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s. For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable an affordable space-based telescope mission capable of discovering and characterizing Earthlike planets orbiting nearby bright sunlike stars in order to search for signs of habitability and biosignatures. Such a mission can also be equipped with instrumentation that will enable broad and exciting general astrophysics and planetary science not possible from current or planned facilities. HabEx is a space telescope with unique imaging and multi-object spectroscopic capabilities at wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-IR. These capabilities allow for a broad suite of compelling science that cuts across the entire NASA astrophysics portfolio. HabEx has three primary science goals: (1) Seek out nearby worlds and explore their habitability; (2) Map out nearby planetary systems and understand the diversity of the worlds they contain; (3) Enable new explorations of astrophysical systems from our own solar system to external galaxies by extending our reach in the UV through near-IR. This Great Observatory science will be selected through a competed GO program, and will account for about 50% of the HabEx primary mission. The preferred HabEx architecture is a 4m, monolithic, off-axis telescope that is diffraction-limited at 0.4 microns and is in an L2 orbit. HabEx employs two starlight suppression systems: a coronagraph and a starshade, each with their own dedicated instrument., Comment: Full report: 498 pages. Executive Summary: 14 pages. More information about HabEx can be found here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex

Published
2020

7. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Final Report

Author

Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Plavchan, Peter, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Amini, Rashied, Kuan, Gary, Martin, Stefan, Morgan, Rhonda, Redding, David, Stahl, H. Philip, Webb, Ryan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Arnold, William L., Arya, Manan, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Bell, Ray, Below, Chris, Benson, Jonathan, Blais, Lindsey, Booth, Jeff, Bourgeois, Robert, Bradford, Case, Brewer, Alden, Brooks, Thomas, Cady, Eric, Caldwell, Mary, Calvet, Rob, Carr, Steven, Chan, Derek, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Coste, Keith, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dewell, Larry, Dorsett, Lisa, Dunn, Daniel, East, Matthew, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Freebury, Greg, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Greene, Suzan, Hennessy, John, Hilgemann, Evan, Hood, Brad, Holota, Wolfgang, Howe, Scott, Huang, Pei, Hull, Tony, Hunt, Ron, Hurd, Kevin, Johnson, Sandra, Kissil, Andrew, Knight, Brent, Kolenz, Daniel, Kraus, Oliver, Krist, John, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Mann, John, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCready, Jonathan, McGown, Jim, Missun, Jessica, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Moore, Bradley, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Pineda, Claudia, Polanco, Otto, Putnam, Dustin, Qureshi, Atif, Richards, Michael, Riggs, A. J. Eldorado, Rodgers, Michael, Rud, Mike, Saini, Navtej, Scalisi, Dan, Scharf, Dan, Schulz, Kevin, Serabyn, Gene, Sigrist, Norbert, Sikkia, Glory, Singleton, Andrew, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Southerd, Bart, Stahl, Mark, Steeves, John, Sturges, Brian, Sullivan, Chris, Tang, Hao, Taras, Neil, Tesch, Jonathan, Therrell, Melissa, Tseng, Howard, Valente, Marty, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Westerhoff, Thomas, Wofford, Rush, Wu, Gordon, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Arney, Giada, Anderson, Jay, Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, Bartlett, James, Belikov, Ruslan, Bendek, Eduardo, Cenko, Brad, Douglas, Ewan, Dulz, Shannon, Evans, Chris, Faramaz, Virginie, Feng, Y. Katherina, Ferguson, Harry, Follette, Kate, Ford, Saavik, García, Miriam, Geha, Marla, Gelino, Dawn, Götberg, Ylva, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hu, Renyu, Jahnke, Knud, Kennedy, Grant, Kreidberg, Laura, Isella, Andrea, Lopez, Eric, Marchis, Franck, Macri, Lucas, Marley, Mark, Matzko, William, Mazoyer, Johan, McCandliss, Stephan, Meshkat, Tiffany, Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Patrick, Nielsen, Eric, Newman, Patrick, Petigura, Erik, Postman, Marc, Reines, Amy, Roberge, Aki, Roederer, Ian, Ruane, Garreth, Schwieterman, Edouard, Sirbu, Dan, Spalding, Christopher, Teplitz, Harry, Tumlinson, Jason, Turner, Neal, Werk, Jessica, Wofford, Aida, Wyatt, Mark, Young, Amber, Zellem, Rob, Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Plavchan, Peter, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Amini, Rashied, Kuan, Gary, Martin, Stefan, Morgan, Rhonda, Redding, David, Stahl, H. Philip, Webb, Ryan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Arnold, William L., Arya, Manan, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Bell, Ray, Below, Chris, Benson, Jonathan, Blais, Lindsey, Booth, Jeff, Bourgeois, Robert, Bradford, Case, Brewer, Alden, Brooks, Thomas, Cady, Eric, Caldwell, Mary, Calvet, Rob, Carr, Steven, Chan, Derek, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Coste, Keith, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dewell, Larry, Dorsett, Lisa, Dunn, Daniel, East, Matthew, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Freebury, Greg, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Greene, Suzan, Hennessy, John, Hilgemann, Evan, Hood, Brad, Holota, Wolfgang, Howe, Scott, Huang, Pei, Hull, Tony, Hunt, Ron, Hurd, Kevin, Johnson, Sandra, Kissil, Andrew, Knight, Brent, Kolenz, Daniel, Kraus, Oliver, Krist, John, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Mann, John, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCready, Jonathan, McGown, Jim, Missun, Jessica, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Moore, Bradley, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Pineda, Claudia, Polanco, Otto, Putnam, Dustin, Qureshi, Atif, Richards, Michael, Riggs, A. J. Eldorado, Rodgers, Michael, Rud, Mike, Saini, Navtej, Scalisi, Dan, Scharf, Dan, Schulz, Kevin, Serabyn, Gene, Sigrist, Norbert, Sikkia, Glory, Singleton, Andrew, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Southerd, Bart, Stahl, Mark, Steeves, John, Sturges, Brian, Sullivan, Chris, Tang, Hao, Taras, Neil, Tesch, Jonathan, Therrell, Melissa, Tseng, Howard, Valente, Marty, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Westerhoff, Thomas, Wofford, Rush, Wu, Gordon, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Arney, Giada, Anderson, Jay, Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, Bartlett, James, Belikov, Ruslan, Bendek, Eduardo, Cenko, Brad, Douglas, Ewan, Dulz, Shannon, Evans, Chris, Faramaz, Virginie, Feng, Y. Katherina, Ferguson, Harry, Follette, Kate, Ford, Saavik, García, Miriam, Geha, Marla, Gelino, Dawn, Götberg, Ylva, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hu, Renyu, Jahnke, Knud, Kennedy, Grant, Kreidberg, Laura, Isella, Andrea, Lopez, Eric, Marchis, Franck, Macri, Lucas, Marley, Mark, Matzko, William, Mazoyer, Johan, McCandliss, Stephan, Meshkat, Tiffany, Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Patrick, Nielsen, Eric, Newman, Patrick, Petigura, Erik, Postman, Marc, Reines, Amy, Roberge, Aki, Roederer, Ian, Ruane, Garreth, Schwieterman, Edouard, Sirbu, Dan, Spalding, Christopher, Teplitz, Harry, Tumlinson, Jason, Turner, Neal, Werk, Jessica, Wofford, Aida, Wyatt, Mark, Young, Amber, and Zellem, Rob

Abstract

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s. For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable an affordable space-based telescope mission capable of discovering and characterizing Earthlike planets orbiting nearby bright sunlike stars in order to search for signs of habitability and biosignatures. Such a mission can also be equipped with instrumentation that will enable broad and exciting general astrophysics and planetary science not possible from current or planned facilities. HabEx is a space telescope with unique imaging and multi-object spectroscopic capabilities at wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-IR. These capabilities allow for a broad suite of compelling science that cuts across the entire NASA astrophysics portfolio. HabEx has three primary science goals: (1) Seek out nearby worlds and explore their habitability; (2) Map out nearby planetary systems and understand the diversity of the worlds they contain; (3) Enable new explorations of astrophysical systems from our own solar system to external galaxies by extending our reach in the UV through near-IR. This Great Observatory science will be selected through a competed GO program, and will account for about 50% of the HabEx primary mission. The preferred HabEx architecture is a 4m, monolithic, off-axis telescope that is diffraction-limited at 0.4 microns and is in an L2 orbit. HabEx employs two starlight suppression systems: a coronagraph and a starshade, each with their own dedicated instrument.

Published
2020

8. Joint Radial Velocity and Direct Imaging Planet Yield Calculations: I. Self-consistent Planet Populations

Author

Dulz, Shannon D., Plavchan, Peter, Crepp, Justin R., Stark, Christopher, Morgan, Rhonda, Kane, Stephen R., Newman, Patrick, Matzko, William, Mulders, Gijs D., Dulz, Shannon D., Plavchan, Peter, Crepp, Justin R., Stark, Christopher, Morgan, Rhonda, Kane, Stephen R., Newman, Patrick, Matzko, William, and Mulders, Gijs D.

Abstract

Planet yield calculations may be used to inform the target selection strategy and science operations of space observatories. Forthcoming and proposed NASA missions, such as the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), the Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx), and the Large UV/Optical/IR Surveyor (LUVOIR), are expected to be equipped with sensitive coronagraphs and/or starshades. We are developing a suite of numerical simulations to quantify the extent to which ground-based radial velocity (RV) surveys could boost the detection efficiency of direct imaging missions. In this paper, we discuss the first step in the process of estimating planet yields: generating synthetic planetary systems consistent with observed occurrence rates from multiple detection methods. In an attempt to self-consistently populate stars with orbiting planets, it is found that naive extrapolation of occurrence rates (mass, semi-major axis) results in an unrealistically large number-density of Neptune-mass planets beyond the ice-line ($a \gtrsim 5$au), causing dynamic interactions that would destabilize orbits. We impose a stability criterion for multi-planet systems based on mutual Hill radii separation. Considering the influence of compact configurations containing Jovian-mass and Neptune-mass planets results in a marked suppression in the number of terrestrial planets that can exist at large radii. This result has a pronounced impact on planet yield calculations particularly in regions accessible to high-contrast imaging and microlensing. The dynamically compact configurations and occurrence rates that we develop may be incorporated as input into joint RV and direct imaging yield calculations to place meaningful limits on the number of detectable planets with future missions., Comment: 22 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables, accepted to ApJ

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Final Report

Author

Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Plavchan, Peter, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Amini, Rashied, Kuan, Gary, Martin, Stefan, Morgan, Rhonda, Redding, David, Stahl, H. Philip, Webb, Ryan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Arnold, William L., Arya, Manan, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Bell, Ray, Below, Chris, Benson, Jonathan, Blais, Lindsey, Booth, Jeff, Bourgeois, Robert, Bradford, Case, Brewer, Alden, Brooks, Thomas, Cady, Eric, Caldwell, Mary, Calvet, Rob, Carr, Steven, Chan, Derek, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Coste, Keith, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dewell, Larry, Dorsett, Lisa, Dunn, Daniel, East, Matthew, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Freebury, Greg, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Greene, Suzan, Hennessy, John, Hilgemann, Evan, Hood, Brad, Holota, Wolfgang, Howe, Scott, Huang, Pei, Hull, Tony, Hunt, Ron, Hurd, Kevin, Johnson, Sandra, Kissil, Andrew, Knight, Brent, Kolenz, Daniel, Kraus, Oliver, Krist, John, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Mann, John, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCready, Jonathan, McGown, Jim, Missun, Jessica, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Moore, Bradley, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Pineda, Claudia, Polanco, Otto, Putnam, Dustin, Qureshi, Atif, Richards, Michael, Riggs, A. J. Eldorado, Rodgers, Michael, Rud, Mike, Saini, Navtej, Scalisi, Dan, Scharf, Dan, Schulz, Kevin, Serabyn, Gene, Sigrist, Norbert, Sikkia, Glory, Singleton, Andrew, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Southerd, Bart, Stahl, Mark, Steeves, John, Sturges, Brian, Sullivan, Chris, Tang, Hao, Taras, Neil, Tesch, Jonathan, Therrell, Melissa, Tseng, Howard, Valente, Marty, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Westerhoff, Thomas, Wofford, Rush, Wu, Gordon, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Arney, Giada, Anderson, Jay, Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, Bartlett, James, Belikov, Ruslan, Bendek, Eduardo, Cenko, Brad, Douglas, Ewan, Dulz, Shannon, Evans, Chris, Faramaz, Virginie, Feng, Y. Katherina, Ferguson, Harry, Follette, Kate, Ford, Saavik, García, Miriam, Geha, Marla, Gelino, Dawn, Götberg, Ylva, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hu, Renyu, Jahnke, Knud, Kennedy, Grant, Kreidberg, Laura, Isella, Andrea, Lopez, Eric, Marchis, Franck, Macri, Lucas, Marley, Mark, Matzko, William, Mazoyer, Johan, McCandliss, Stephan, Meshkat, Tiffany, Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Patrick, Nielsen, Eric, Newman, Patrick, Petigura, Erik, Postman, Marc, Reines, Amy, Roberge, Aki, Roederer, Ian, Ruane, Garreth, Schwieterman, Edouard, Sirbu, Dan, Spalding, Christopher, Teplitz, Harry, Tumlinson, Jason, Turner, Neal, Werk, Jessica, Wofford, Aida, Wyatt, Mark, Young, Amber, Zellem, Rob, Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Plavchan, Peter, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Amini, Rashied, Kuan, Gary, Martin, Stefan, Morgan, Rhonda, Redding, David, Stahl, H. Philip, Webb, Ryan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Arnold, William L., Arya, Manan, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Bell, Ray, Below, Chris, Benson, Jonathan, Blais, Lindsey, Booth, Jeff, Bourgeois, Robert, Bradford, Case, Brewer, Alden, Brooks, Thomas, Cady, Eric, Caldwell, Mary, Calvet, Rob, Carr, Steven, Chan, Derek, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Coste, Keith, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dewell, Larry, Dorsett, Lisa, Dunn, Daniel, East, Matthew, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Freebury, Greg, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Greene, Suzan, Hennessy, John, Hilgemann, Evan, Hood, Brad, Holota, Wolfgang, Howe, Scott, Huang, Pei, Hull, Tony, Hunt, Ron, Hurd, Kevin, Johnson, Sandra, Kissil, Andrew, Knight, Brent, Kolenz, Daniel, Kraus, Oliver, Krist, John, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Mann, John, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McCready, Jonathan, McGown, Jim, Missun, Jessica, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Moore, Bradley, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Pineda, Claudia, Polanco, Otto, Putnam, Dustin, Qureshi, Atif, Richards, Michael, Riggs, A. J. Eldorado, Rodgers, Michael, Rud, Mike, Saini, Navtej, Scalisi, Dan, Scharf, Dan, Schulz, Kevin, Serabyn, Gene, Sigrist, Norbert, Sikkia, Glory, Singleton, Andrew, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Southerd, Bart, Stahl, Mark, Steeves, John, Sturges, Brian, Sullivan, Chris, Tang, Hao, Taras, Neil, Tesch, Jonathan, Therrell, Melissa, Tseng, Howard, Valente, Marty, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Westerhoff, Thomas, Wofford, Rush, Wu, Gordon, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Arney, Giada, Anderson, Jay, Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, Bartlett, James, Belikov, Ruslan, Bendek, Eduardo, Cenko, Brad, Douglas, Ewan, Dulz, Shannon, Evans, Chris, Faramaz, Virginie, Feng, Y. Katherina, Ferguson, Harry, Follette, Kate, Ford, Saavik, García, Miriam, Geha, Marla, Gelino, Dawn, Götberg, Ylva, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Hu, Renyu, Jahnke, Knud, Kennedy, Grant, Kreidberg, Laura, Isella, Andrea, Lopez, Eric, Marchis, Franck, Macri, Lucas, Marley, Mark, Matzko, William, Mazoyer, Johan, McCandliss, Stephan, Meshkat, Tiffany, Mordasini, Christoph, Morris, Patrick, Nielsen, Eric, Newman, Patrick, Petigura, Erik, Postman, Marc, Reines, Amy, Roberge, Aki, Roederer, Ian, Ruane, Garreth, Schwieterman, Edouard, Sirbu, Dan, Spalding, Christopher, Teplitz, Harry, Tumlinson, Jason, Turner, Neal, Werk, Jessica, Wofford, Aida, Wyatt, Mark, Young, Amber, and Zellem, Rob

Abstract

The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s. For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable an affordable space-based telescope mission capable of discovering and characterizing Earthlike planets orbiting nearby bright sunlike stars in order to search for signs of habitability and biosignatures. Such a mission can also be equipped with instrumentation that will enable broad and exciting general astrophysics and planetary science not possible from current or planned facilities. HabEx is a space telescope with unique imaging and multi-object spectroscopic capabilities at wavelengths ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-IR. These capabilities allow for a broad suite of compelling science that cuts across the entire NASA astrophysics portfolio. HabEx has three primary science goals: (1) Seek out nearby worlds and explore their habitability; (2) Map out nearby planetary systems and understand the diversity of the worlds they contain; (3) Enable new explorations of astrophysical systems from our own solar system to external galaxies by extending our reach in the UV through near-IR. This Great Observatory science will be selected through a competed GO program, and will account for about 50% of the HabEx primary mission. The preferred HabEx architecture is a 4m, monolithic, off-axis telescope that is diffraction-limited at 0.4 microns and is in an L2 orbit. HabEx employs two starlight suppression systems: a coronagraph and a starshade, each with their own dedicated instrument., Comment: Full report: 498 pages. Executive Summary: 14 pages. More information about HabEx can be found here: https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex

Published
2020

10. Technology maturity update for the Habitable-zone Exoplanet Imaging Observatory (HabEx) concept (Conference Presentation)

Author

Barto, Allison A., Breckinridge, James B., Stahl, H. Philip, Morgan, Rhonda M., Warfield, Keith, Stahl, H. P., Kuan, Gary, Mennesson, Bertrand, Nikzad, Shouleh, Azizi, Alireza, Balasubramanian, Bala, Mawet, Dimitri, Redding, David C., Serabyn, Eugene, Shaklan, Stuart, Hennessy, John J., Warwick, Steve, Barto, Allison A., Breckinridge, James B., Stahl, H. Philip, Morgan, Rhonda M., Warfield, Keith, Stahl, H. P., Kuan, Gary, Mennesson, Bertrand, Nikzad, Shouleh, Azizi, Alireza, Balasubramanian, Bala, Mawet, Dimitri, Redding, David C., Serabyn, Eugene, Shaklan, Stuart, Hennessy, John J., and Warwick, Steve

Abstract

Since the 2010 Decadal Survey, the technologies needed for direct imaging of exoplanets advanced significantly. NASA investment in these technologies, prioritized in the 2010 Decadal Survey, have ripened to a maturity to enable direct imaging of earthlike exoplanets. For the first time since the discovery of exoplanets, a direct imaging mission can be conceived to start in less than ten years, possibly as soon as five years. The HabEx Observatory Concept design utilizes technologies that are state of the art or near to state of the art with clear paths of development. The philosophy of the design favors as high a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) as possible to minimize risk. We discuss the HabEx technology challenges and assess the TRL expected by the submission of the Final Report in 2019. Many of the enabling technologies are at, or expected to be at, TRL 5 by 2019, and the remaining technologies are at TRL 4. We update the technology maturity roadmap with technology advances in the past year and expand it to include an Architecture option which is a 3.2 m diameter on-axis segmented aperture with a starshade only. The starshade suppresses starlight before it enters the telescope, allowing the telescope optical performance and stability to be significantly looser than for a coronagraph, thus enabling a segmented primary mirror design that can meet stability requirements with minimal advancement from the state of the art. We assess the exoplanet-driven technologies of HabEx, including starshades, coronagraphs, deformable mirrors, wavefront control, 4 m aperture mirrors, jitter mitigation, segmented mirror stability, and low-noise detectors.

Published
2019

11. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Interim Report

Author

Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Kuan, Gary, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Martin, Stefan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Amini, Rashied, Arnold, William, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Blais, Lindsey, Brooks, Thomas, Calvet, Rob, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dorsett, Lisa, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Harris, Joby, Howe, Scott, Knight, Brent, Krist, John, Levine, David, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McGowen, Jim, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Morgan, Rhonda, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Redding, David, Richards, Michael, Rud, Mike, Scharf, Dan, Serabyn, Gene, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Stahl, Mark, Stahl, Phil, Tang, Hao, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Wofford, Rush, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Douglas, Ewan, Faramaz, Virginie, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Meshkat, Tiffany, Plavchan, Peter, Ruane, Garreth, Turner, Neal, Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Kuan, Gary, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Martin, Stefan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Amini, Rashied, Arnold, William, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Blais, Lindsey, Brooks, Thomas, Calvet, Rob, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dorsett, Lisa, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Harris, Joby, Howe, Scott, Knight, Brent, Krist, John, Levine, David, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McGowen, Jim, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Morgan, Rhonda, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Redding, David, Richards, Michael, Rud, Mike, Scharf, Dan, Serabyn, Gene, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Stahl, Mark, Stahl, Phil, Tang, Hao, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Wofford, Rush, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Douglas, Ewan, Faramaz, Virginie, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Meshkat, Tiffany, Plavchan, Peter, Ruane, Garreth, and Turner, Neal

Abstract

For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable a mission capable of discovering and characterizing habitable planets like Earth orbiting sunlike stars other than the Sun. At the same time, such a platform would enable unique science not possible from ground-based facilities. This science is broad and exciting, ranging from new investigations of our own solar system to a full range of astrophysics disciplines. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, is one of four studies currently being undertaken by NASA in preparation for the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey. HabEx has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s, with community involvement through a competed and funded Guest Observer (GO) program. This interim report describes the HabEx baseline concept, which is a space-based 4-meter diameter telescope mission concept with ultraviolet (UV), optical, and near-infrared (near-IR) imaging and spectroscopy capabilities. More information on HabEx can be found at https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex, Comment: 212 Pages

Published
2018

12. Technology maturity for the habitable-zone exoplanet imaging observatory (HabEx) concept

Author

Lystrup, Mackenzie, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., Morgan, Rhonda, Warfield, Keith, Kuan, Gary, Stahl, H. Phi, Mennesson, Bertrand, Balasubramanian, Bala, Mawet, Dimitri, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Shaklan, Stuart, Serabyn, Eugene, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Warwick, Steve, Lystrup, Mackenzie, MacEwen, Howard A., Fazio, Giovanni G., Batalha, Natalie, Siegler, Nicholas, Tong, Edward C., Morgan, Rhonda, Warfield, Keith, Kuan, Gary, Stahl, H. Phi, Mennesson, Bertrand, Balasubramanian, Bala, Mawet, Dimitri, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Shaklan, Stuart, Serabyn, Eugene, Stapelfeldt, Karl, and Warwick, Steve

Abstract

HabEx Architecture A is a 4m unobscured telescope mission concept optimized for direct imaging and spectroscopy of potentially habitable exoplanets, and also enables a wide range of general astrophysics science. The exoplanet detection and characterization drives the enabling core technologies. A hybrid starlight suppression approach of a starshade and coronagraph diversifies technology maturation risk. In this paper we assess these exoplanet-driven technologies, including elements of coronagraphs, starshades, mirrors, jitter mitigation, wavefront control, and detectors. By utilizing high technology readiness solutions where feasible, and identifying required technology development that can begin early, HabEx will be well positioned for assessment by the community in 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey.

Published
2018

13. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Interim Report

Author

Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Kuan, Gary, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Martin, Stefan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Amini, Rashied, Arnold, William, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Blais, Lindsey, Brooks, Thomas, Calvet, Rob, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dorsett, Lisa, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Harris, Joby, Howe, Scott, Knight, Brent, Krist, John, Levine, David, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McGowen, Jim, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Morgan, Rhonda, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Redding, David, Richards, Michael, Rud, Mike, Scharf, Dan, Serabyn, Gene, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Stahl, Mark, Stahl, Phil, Tang, Hao, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Wofford, Rush, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Douglas, Ewan, Faramaz, Virginie, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Meshkat, Tiffany, Plavchan, Peter, Ruane, Garreth, Turner, Neal, Gaudi, B. Scott, Seager, Sara, Mennesson, Bertrand, Kiessling, Alina, Warfield, Keith, Kuan, Gary, Cahoy, Kerri, Clarke, John T., Domagal-Goldman, Shawn, Feinberg, Lee, Guyon, Olivier, Kasdin, Jeremy, Mawet, Dimitri, Robinson, Tyler, Rogers, Leslie, Scowen, Paul, Somerville, Rachel, Stapelfeldt, Karl, Stark, Christopher, Stern, Daniel, Turnbull, Margaret, Martin, Stefan, Alvarez-Salazar, Oscar, Amini, Rashied, Arnold, William, Balasubramanian, Bala, Baysinger, Mike, Blais, Lindsey, Brooks, Thomas, Calvet, Rob, Cormarkovic, Velibor, Cox, Charlie, Danner, Rolf, Davis, Jacqueline, Dorsett, Lisa, Effinger, Michael, Eng, Ron, Garcia, Jay, Gaskin, Jonathan, Harris, Joby, Howe, Scott, Knight, Brent, Krist, John, Levine, David, Li, Mary, Lisman, Doug, Mandic, Milan, Marchen, Luis, Marrese-Reading, Colleen, McGowen, Jim, Miyaguchi, Andrew, Morgan, Rhonda, Nemati, Bijan, Nikzad, Shouleh, Nissen, Joel, Novicki, Megan, Perrine, Todd, Redding, David, Richards, Michael, Rud, Mike, Scharf, Dan, Serabyn, Gene, Shaklan, Stuart, Smith, Scott, Stahl, Mark, Stahl, Phil, Tang, Hao, Van Buren, David, Villalvazo, Juan, Warwick, Steve, Webb, David, Wofford, Rush, Woo, Jahning, Wood, Milana, Ziemer, John, Douglas, Ewan, Faramaz, Virginie, Hildebrandt, Sergi, Meshkat, Tiffany, Plavchan, Peter, Ruane, Garreth, and Turner, Neal

Abstract

For the first time in human history, technologies have matured sufficiently to enable a mission capable of discovering and characterizing habitable planets like Earth orbiting sunlike stars other than the Sun. At the same time, such a platform would enable unique science not possible from ground-based facilities. This science is broad and exciting, ranging from new investigations of our own solar system to a full range of astrophysics disciplines. The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory, or HabEx, is one of four studies currently being undertaken by NASA in preparation for the 2020 Astrophysics Decadal Survey. HabEx has been designed to be the Great Observatory of the 2030s, with community involvement through a competed and funded Guest Observer (GO) program. This interim report describes the HabEx baseline concept, which is a space-based 4-meter diameter telescope mission concept with ultraviolet (UV), optical, and near-infrared (near-IR) imaging and spectroscopy capabilities. More information on HabEx can be found at https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/habex, Comment: 212 Pages

Published
2018

14. ExEP yield modeling tool and validation test results

Author

Shaklan, Stuart, Morgan, Rhonda, Turmon, Michael, Delacroix, Christian, Savransky, Dmitry, Garrett, Daniel, Lowrance, Patrick, Liu, Xiang Cate, Nunez, Paul, Shaklan, Stuart, Morgan, Rhonda, Turmon, Michael, Delacroix, Christian, Savransky, Dmitry, Garrett, Daniel, Lowrance, Patrick, Liu, Xiang Cate, and Nunez, Paul

Abstract

EXOSIMS is an open-source simulation tool for parametric modeling of the detection yield and characterization of exoplanets. EXOSIMS has been adopted by the Exoplanet Exploration Programs Standards Definition and Evaluation Team (ExSDET) as a common mechanism for comparison of exoplanet mission concept studies. To ensure trustworthiness of the tool, we developed a validation test plan that leverages the Python-language unit-test framework, utilizes integration tests for selected module interactions, and performs end-to-end crossvalidation with other yield tools. This paper presents the test methods and results, with the physics-based tests such as photometry and integration time calculation treated in detail and the functional tests treated summarily. The test case utilized a 4m unobscured telescope with an idealized coronagraph and an exoplanet population from the IPAC radial velocity (RV) exoplanet catalog. The known RV planets were set at quadrature to allow deterministic validation of the calculation of physical parameters, such as working angle, photon counts and integration time. The observing keepout region was tested by generating plots and movies of the targets and the keepout zone over a year. Although the keepout integration test required the interpretation of a user, the test revealed problems in the L2 halo orbit and the parameterization of keepout applied to some solar system bodies, which the development team was able to address. The validation testing of EXOSIMS was performed iteratively with the developers of EXOSIMS and resulted in a more robust, stable, and trustworthy tool that the exoplanet community can use to simulate exoplanet direct-detection missions from probe class, to WFIRST, up to large mission concepts such as HabEx and LUVOIR.

Published
2017

15. Science yield modeling with the Exoplanet Open-Source Imaging Mission Simulator (EXOSIMS)

Author

Angeli, George Z., Dierickx, Philippe, Delacroix, Christian, Savransky, Dmitry, Garrett, Daniel, Lowrance, Patrick, Morgan, Rhonda, Angeli, George Z., Dierickx, Philippe, Delacroix, Christian, Savransky, Dmitry, Garrett, Daniel, Lowrance, Patrick, and Morgan, Rhonda

Abstract

We report on our ongoing development of EXOSIMS and mission simulation results for WFIRST. We present the interface control and the modular structure of the software, along with corresponding prototypes and class definitions for some of the software modules. More specifically, we focus on describing the main steps of our high-fidelity mission simulator EXOSIMS, i.e., the completeness, optical system and zodiacal light modules definition, the target list module filtering, and the creation of a planet population within our simulated universe module. For the latter, we introduce the integration of a recent mass-radius model from the FORECASTER software. We also provide custom modules dedicated to WFIRST using both the Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) and the Shaped Pupil Coronagraph (SPC) for detection and characterization, respectively. In that context, we show and discuss the results of some preliminary WFIRST simulations, focusing on comparing different methods of integration time calculation, through ensembles (large numbers) of survey simulations.

Published
2016

16. Achromatic nulling beam combiner for the detection of extrasolar planets

Author

Morgan, Rhonda Michelle and Morgan, Rhonda Michelle

Abstract

Nulling stellar interferometry may enable the discovery of earth-like planets around other stars. In nulling mode, the zero order fringe is destructive and on axis, thus canceling light from a bright source and detecting dimer off-axis features. To create deep on-axis nulls, the phase must be shifted half a wave achromatically over a broad band. The phase shift is created by adding optical path thickness with dielectric plates. Plates of different materials can balance dispersion. The nulling solutions found for TPF (infrared) and for SIM (visible) are promising. This dissertation describes the implementation of a nulling beam combiner test bed and presents data characterizing its performance. Although the implementation was limited so that a broad band null of 10E-4 was not attained, the test bed revealed the extreme challenges of this technique and provided very valuable lessons that will enable future implementations to be successful and more precise. The nulling beam combiner testbed was implemented in the laboratory as a Michelson interferometer with the goal of achieving a stabilized, l0E-4 null over a spectral region from 600 nm to 800 nm. The beam combiner system has three tiers of control. Tier 1 controls phase achromaticity by tilting optical plates and is a static control loop. Tier 2 sweeps through the white light fringe and then searches for the null as the air path drifts over minutes. Tier 3 stabilizes the null with a 300 hertz servo loop. A scheme for active control of the optical thicknesses was developed. The phase as a function of wavelength was measured by performing PSI on a spectrally dispersed fringe. The phase was fit to a model to solve for the optical thicknesses. The optical thicknesses were then adjusted to match the ideal thicknesses of an optimized solution. This process of measuring and adjusting the optical thicknesses is performed iteratively to achromatize the phase. The stabilizing servo loop sensed on a grey fringe at a short wave

Published
2001

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