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1. Hidden becomes clear:optical remote sensing of vegetation reveals water table dynamics in northern peatlands

Author

Burdun, I. (Iuliia), Bechtold, M. (Michel), Aurela, M. (Mika), De Lannoy, G. (Gabrielle), Desai, A. R. (Ankur R.), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Kareksela, S. (Santtu), Komisarenko, V. (Viacheslav), Liimatainen, M. (Maarit), Marttila, H. (Hannu), Minkkinen, K. (Kari), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Ojanen, P. (Paavo), Salko, S.-S. (Sini-Selina), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Uuemaa, E. (Evelyn), Rautiainen, M. (Miina), Burdun, I. (Iuliia), Bechtold, M. (Michel), Aurela, M. (Mika), De Lannoy, G. (Gabrielle), Desai, A. R. (Ankur R.), Humphreys, E. (Elyn), Kareksela, S. (Santtu), Komisarenko, V. (Viacheslav), Liimatainen, M. (Maarit), Marttila, H. (Hannu), Minkkinen, K. (Kari), Nilsson, M. B. (Mats B.), Ojanen, P. (Paavo), Salko, S.-S. (Sini-Selina), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Uuemaa, E. (Evelyn), and Rautiainen, M. (Miina)

Abstract

The water table and its dynamics are one of the key variables that control peatland greenhouse gas exchange. Here, we tested the applicability of the Optical TRApezoid Model (OPTRAM) to monitor the temporal fluctuations in water table over intact, restored (previously forestry-drained), and drained (under agriculture) northern peatlands in Finland, Estonia, Sweden, Canada, and the USA. More specifically, we studied the potential and limitations of OPTRAM using water table data from 2018 through 2021, across 53 northern peatland sites, i.e., covering the largest geographical extent used in OPTRAM studies so far. For this, we calculated OPTRAM based on Sentinel-2 data with the Google Earth Engine cloud platform. First, we found that the choice of vegetation index utilised in OPTRAM does not significantly affect OPTRAM performance in peatlands. Second, we revealed that the tree cover density is a major factor controlling the sensitivity of OPTRAM to water table dynamics in peatlands. Tree cover density greater than 50% led to a clear decrease in OPTRAM performance. Finally, we demonstrated that the relationship between water table and OPTRAM often disappears when WT deepens (ranging between 0 to −100 cm, depending on the site location). We identified that the water table where OPTRAM ceases to be sensitive to variations is highly site-specific. Overall, our results support the application of OPTRAM to monitor water table dynamics in intact and restored northern peatlands with low tree cover density (below 50%) when the water table varies from shallow to moderately deep. Our study makes significant steps towards the broader implementation of optical remote sensing data for monitoring peatlands subsurface moisture conditions over the northern region.

Published
2023

2. Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

Author

Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. Britta K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O'Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., Wu, J., Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. Britta K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O'Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., and Wu, J.

Abstract

Peatlands are impacted by climate and land-use changes, with feedback to warming by acting as either sources or sinks of carbon. Expert elicitation combined with literature review reveals key drivers of change that alter peatland carbon dynamics, with implications for improving models. The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland-carbon-climate nexus.

Published
2021
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3. Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

Author

Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. B. K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L. I., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O’Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., Wu, J., Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. B. K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L. I., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O’Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., and Wu, J.

Abstract

The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus.

Published
2021

4. Mosses are Important for Soil Carbon Sequestration in Forested Peatlands

Author

Kasimir, A., He, H., Jansson, Per-Erik, Lohila, A., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, A., He, H., Jansson, Per-Erik, Lohila, A., and Minkkinen, K.

Abstract

Nutrient-rich peat soils have previously been demonstrated to lose carbon despite higher photosynthesis and litter production compared to nutrient-poor soils, where instead carbon accumulates. To understand this phenomenon, we used a process-oriented model (CoupModel) calibrated on data from two closely located drained peat soil sites in boreal forests in Finland, Kalevansuo and Lettosuo, with different soil C/N ratios. Uncertainty-based calibrations were made using eddy-covariance data (hourly values of net ecosystem exchange) and tree growth data. The model design used two forest scenarios on drained peat soil, one nutrient-poor with dense moss cover and another with lower soil C/N ratio with sparse moss cover. Three vegetation layers were assumed: conifer trees, other vascular plants, and a bottom layer with mosses. Adding a moss layer was a new approach, because moss has a modified physiology compared to vascular plants. The soil was described by three separate soil organic carbon (SOC) pools consisting of vascular plants and moss litter origin and decomposed organic matter. Over 10 years, the model demonstrated a similar photosynthesis rate for the two scenarios, 903 and 1,034 g C m(-2) yr(-1), for the poor and rich site respectively, despite the different vegetation distribution. For the nutrient-rich scenario more of the photosynthesis produce accumulated as plant biomass due to more trees, while the poor site had abundant moss biomass which did not increase living aboveground biomass to the same degree. Instead, the poor site showed higher litter inputs, which compared with litter from vascular plants had low turnover rates. The model calibration showed that decomposition rate coefficients for the three SOC pools were similar for the two scenarios, but the high quantity of moss litter input with low decomposability for the nutrient poor scenario explained the major difference in the soil carbon balance. Vascular plant litter declined with time, while SOC poo, QC 20211102

Published
2021
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5. Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

Author

Loisel, J, Gallego-Sala, AV, Amesbury, MJ, Magnan, G, Anshari, G, Beilman, DW, Benavides, JC, Blewett, J, Camill, P, Charman, DJ, Chawchai, S, Hedgpeth, A, Kleinen, T, Korhola, A, Large, D, Mansilla, CA, Müller, J, van Bellen, S, West, JB, Yu, Z, Bubier, JL, Garneau, M, Moore, T, Sannel, ABK, Page, S, Väliranta, M, Bechtold, M, Brovkin, V, Cole, LES, Chanton, JP, Christensen, TR, Davies, MA, De Vleeschouwer, F, Finkelstein, SA, Frolking, S, Gałka, M, Gandois, L, Girkin, N, Harris, LI, Heinemeyer, A, Hoyt, AM, Jones, MC, Joos, F, Juutinen, S, Kaiser, K, Lacourse, T, Lamentowicz, M, Larmola, T, Leifeld, J, Lohila, A, Milner, AM, Minkkinen, K, Moss, P, Naafs, BDA, Nichols, J, O’Donnell, J, Payne, R, Philben, M, Piilo, S, Quillet, A, Ratnayake, AS, Roland, TP, Sjögersten, S, Sonnentag, O, Swindles, GT, Swinnen, W, Talbot, J, Treat, C, Valach, AC, Wu, J, Loisel, J, Gallego-Sala, AV, Amesbury, MJ, Magnan, G, Anshari, G, Beilman, DW, Benavides, JC, Blewett, J, Camill, P, Charman, DJ, Chawchai, S, Hedgpeth, A, Kleinen, T, Korhola, A, Large, D, Mansilla, CA, Müller, J, van Bellen, S, West, JB, Yu, Z, Bubier, JL, Garneau, M, Moore, T, Sannel, ABK, Page, S, Väliranta, M, Bechtold, M, Brovkin, V, Cole, LES, Chanton, JP, Christensen, TR, Davies, MA, De Vleeschouwer, F, Finkelstein, SA, Frolking, S, Gałka, M, Gandois, L, Girkin, N, Harris, LI, Heinemeyer, A, Hoyt, AM, Jones, MC, Joos, F, Juutinen, S, Kaiser, K, Lacourse, T, Lamentowicz, M, Larmola, T, Leifeld, J, Lohila, A, Milner, AM, Minkkinen, K, Moss, P, Naafs, BDA, Nichols, J, O’Donnell, J, Payne, R, Philben, M, Piilo, S, Quillet, A, Ratnayake, AS, Roland, TP, Sjögersten, S, Sonnentag, O, Swindles, GT, Swinnen, W, Talbot, J, Treat, C, Valach, AC, and Wu, J

Abstract

The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus.

Published
2021

6. Soiden ennallistamisen suoluonto-, vesistö-, ja ilmastovaikutukset:vertaisarvioitu raportti

Author

Kareksela, S. (Santtu), Ojanen, P. (Paavo), Aapala, K. (Kaisu), Haapalehto, T. (Tuomas), Ilmonen, J. (Jari), Koskinen, M. (Markku), Laiho, R. (Raija), Laine, A. (Anna), Maanavilja, L. (Liisa), Marttila, H. (Hannu), Minkkinen, K. (Kari), Nieminen, M. (Mika), Ronkanen, A.-K. (Anna-Kaisa), Sallantaus, T. (Tapani), Sarkkola, S. (Sakari), Tolvanen, A. (Anne), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), Vasander, H. (Harri), Kareksela, S. (Santtu), Ojanen, P. (Paavo), Aapala, K. (Kaisu), Haapalehto, T. (Tuomas), Ilmonen, J. (Jari), Koskinen, M. (Markku), Laiho, R. (Raija), Laine, A. (Anna), Maanavilja, L. (Liisa), Marttila, H. (Hannu), Minkkinen, K. (Kari), Nieminen, M. (Mika), Ronkanen, A.-K. (Anna-Kaisa), Sallantaus, T. (Tapani), Sarkkola, S. (Sakari), Tolvanen, A. (Anne), Tuittila, E.-S. (Eeva-Stiina), and Vasander, H. (Harri)

Published
2021

7. Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

Author

Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. B. K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L. I., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O’Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., Wu, J., Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. B. K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L. I., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O’Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., and Wu, J.

Abstract

The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus.

Published
2021
Full Text
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8. Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

Author

Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. B. K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L. I., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O’Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., Wu, J., Loisel, J., Gallego-Sala, A. V., Amesbury, M. J., Magnan, G., Anshari, G., Beilman, D. W., Benavides, J. C., Blewett, J., Camill, P., Charman, D. J., Chawchai, S., Hedgpeth, A., Kleinen, T., Korhola, A., Large, D., Mansilla, C. A., Müller, J., van Bellen, S., West, J. B., Yu, Z., Bubier, J. L., Garneau, M., Moore, T., Sannel, A. B. K., Page, S., Väliranta, M., Bechtold, M., Brovkin, V., Cole, L. E. S., Chanton, J. P., Christensen, T. R., Davies, M. A., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finkelstein, S. A., Frolking, S., Gałka, M., Gandois, L., Girkin, N., Harris, L. I., Heinemeyer, A., Hoyt, A. M., Jones, M. C., Joos, F., Juutinen, S., Kaiser, K., Lacourse, T., Lamentowicz, M., Larmola, T., Leifeld, J., Lohila, A., Milner, A. M., Minkkinen, K., Moss, P., Naafs, B. D. A., Nichols, J., O’Donnell, J., Payne, R., Philben, M., Piilo, S., Quillet, A., Ratnayake, A. S., Roland, T. P., Sjögersten, S., Sonnentag, O., Swindles, G. T., Swinnen, W., Talbot, J., Treat, C., Valach, A. C., and Wu, J.

Abstract

The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus.

Published
2021
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9. Reviews and syntheses:Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils - a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research

Author

Jauhiainen, J., Alm, J., Bjarnadottir, B., Callesen, I., Christiansen, J. R., Clarke, N., Dalsgaard, L., He, H., Jordan, S., Kazanaviciūtė, V., Klemedtsson, L., Lauren, A., Lazdins, A., Lehtonen, A., Lohila, A., Lupikis, A., Mander, Ü., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, Å., Olsson, M., Ojanen, P., Óskarsson, H., Sigurdsson, B. D., Søgaard, G., Soosaar, K., Vesterdal, L., Laiho, R., Jauhiainen, J., Alm, J., Bjarnadottir, B., Callesen, I., Christiansen, J. R., Clarke, N., Dalsgaard, L., He, H., Jordan, S., Kazanaviciūtė, V., Klemedtsson, L., Lauren, A., Lazdins, A., Lehtonen, A., Lohila, A., Lupikis, A., Mander, Ü., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, Å., Olsson, M., Ojanen, P., Óskarsson, H., Sigurdsson, B. D., Søgaard, G., Soosaar, K., Vesterdal, L., and Laiho, R.

Published
2019

10. Long-term effect of fertilization on the greenhouse gas exchange of low-productive peatland forests

Author

Ojanen, P. (Paavo), Penttilä, T. (Timo), Tolvanen, A. (Anne), Hotanen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Saarimaa, M. (Miia), Nousiainen, H. (Hannu), Minkkinen, K. (Kari), Ojanen, P. (Paavo), Penttilä, T. (Timo), Tolvanen, A. (Anne), Hotanen, J.-P. (Juha-Pekka), Saarimaa, M. (Miia), Nousiainen, H. (Hannu), and Minkkinen, K. (Kari)

Abstract

Drainage of peatlands for forestry often leads to carbon dioxide (CO2) net emission from soil due to loss of peat. This emission can be compensated for by the increased tree growth. Hovewer, many drained peatlands have low tree growth due to nutrient limitations. Tree growth at these peatlands can be effectively increased by fertilization, but fertilization has been also found to increase decomposition rates. We studied the long-term effect of fertilization of low-productive forestry-drained peatlands on the complete ecosystem greenhouse gas exchange, including both soil and tree component, and accounting for CO2, methane and nitrous oxide. Five N-rich study sites (flark fens and a rich fen) and one N-poor ombrotrophic site were established. Fertilization had started at the study sites 16–67 years before our measurements. Fertilization considerably increased tree stand CO2 sink (+248–1013 g CO2 m−2 year−1). Decomposition increased on average by 45% (+431 g CO2 m−2 year−1) and litter production by 38% (+360 g CO2 m−2 year−1). Thus, on average 84% of the increased decomposition could be attributed to increased litter production and 16% to increased soil CO2 net emission due to increased loss of peat. Soil CO2 net emission correlated positively with water table depth and top soil N concentration. Fertilization increased soil CO2 net emission at the drained flark fens on average by 187 g CO2 m−2 year−1. At the rich fen, net emission decreased. The N-poor bog exhibited soil CO2 sink both with and without fertilization. Effects on methane and nitrous oxide emissions were small at most sites. The increase in tree stand CO2 sink was higher than the increase in soil CO2 net emission, indicating that fertilization has a climate cooling effect in the decadal time scale. Yet, as the fertilized plots at N-rich sites exhibited soil CO2 source or zero balance, continuation of fertilization-based forestry over several rotations would lead to progressive loss of ecosystem C

Published
2019

11. Reviews and syntheses:Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils - a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research

Author

Jauhiainen, J., Alm, J., Bjarnadottir, B., Callesen, I., Christiansen, J. R., Clarke, N., Dalsgaard, L., He, H., Jordan, S., Kazanaviciūtė, V., Klemedtsson, L., Lauren, A., Lazdins, A., Lehtonen, A., Lohila, A., Lupikis, A., Mander, Ü., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, Å., Olsson, M., Ojanen, P., Óskarsson, H., Sigurdsson, B. D., Søgaard, G., Soosaar, K., Vesterdal, L., Laiho, R., Jauhiainen, J., Alm, J., Bjarnadottir, B., Callesen, I., Christiansen, J. R., Clarke, N., Dalsgaard, L., He, H., Jordan, S., Kazanaviciūtė, V., Klemedtsson, L., Lauren, A., Lazdins, A., Lehtonen, A., Lohila, A., Lupikis, A., Mander, Ü., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, Å., Olsson, M., Ojanen, P., Óskarsson, H., Sigurdsson, B. D., Søgaard, G., Soosaar, K., Vesterdal, L., and Laiho, R.

Published
2019

12. Reviews and syntheses:Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils - a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research

Author

Jauhiainen, J., Alm, J., Bjarnadottir, B., Callesen, I., Christiansen, J. R., Clarke, N., Dalsgaard, L., He, H., Jordan, S., Kazanaviciūtė, V., Klemedtsson, L., Lauren, A., Lazdins, A., Lehtonen, A., Lohila, A., Lupikis, A., Mander, Ü., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, Å., Olsson, M., Ojanen, P., Óskarsson, H., Sigurdsson, B. D., Søgaard, G., Soosaar, K., Vesterdal, L., Laiho, R., Jauhiainen, J., Alm, J., Bjarnadottir, B., Callesen, I., Christiansen, J. R., Clarke, N., Dalsgaard, L., He, H., Jordan, S., Kazanaviciūtė, V., Klemedtsson, L., Lauren, A., Lazdins, A., Lehtonen, A., Lohila, A., Lupikis, A., Mander, Ü., Minkkinen, K., Kasimir, Å., Olsson, M., Ojanen, P., Óskarsson, H., Sigurdsson, B. D., Søgaard, G., Soosaar, K., Vesterdal, L., and Laiho, R.

Published
2019

13. Greenhouse gas fluxes in a drained peatland forest during spring frost-thaw event

Author

University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Brueggemann, Nicholas, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Kieloaho, Antti-Jussi, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Minkkinen, K., Penttila, Timo, Schoenborn, Jochen, Vesala, Timo, University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Department of Forest Sciences, Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Brueggemann, Nicholas, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Kieloaho, Antti-Jussi, Laurila, Tuomas, Lohila, Annalea, Mammarella, Ivan, Minkkinen, K., Penttila, Timo, Schoenborn, Jochen, and Vesala, Timo

Published
2010

14. Comparison of greenhouse gas fluxes and nitrogen budgets from an ombotrophic bog in Scotland and a minerotrophic sedge fen in Finland

Author

Drewer, J., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Minkkinen, K., Penttilä, T., Dinsmore, K.J., McKenzie, R.M., Helfter, C., Flechard, C., Sutton, M.A., Skiba, U.M., Drewer, J., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Minkkinen, K., Penttilä, T., Dinsmore, K.J., McKenzie, R.M., Helfter, C., Flechard, C., Sutton, M.A., and Skiba, U.M.

Abstract

Northern peatlands cover approximately 4% of the global land surface area. Those peatlands will be particularly vulnerable to environmental and climate change and therefore it is important to investigate their total greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets, to determine the feedback on the climate. Nitrogen (N) is known to influence the GHG budget in particular by affecting the methane (CH4) balance. At two peatland sites in Scotland and Finland GHG fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen fluxes were measured as part of the European project ‘NitroEurope’. The Scottish site, Auchencorth Moss, was a GHG sink of −321, −490 and −321 g CO2 eq m−2 year−1 in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, with CO2 as the dominating GHG. In contrast, the dominating GHG at the Finnish site, Lompolojnkk, was CH4, resulting in the site being a net GHG source of +485 and +431 g CO2 eq m−2 year−1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Therefore, Auchencorth Moss had a negative global warming potential (GWP) whilst Lompolojnkk had a positive GWP over the investigated time period. Initial results yielded a positive N budget for Lompolojnkk of 7.1 kg N ha−1 year−1, meaning the site was gaining nitrogen, and a negative N budget for Auchencorth Moss of −2.4 kg N ha year−1, meaning the site was losing nitrogen

Published
2010

15. Comparison of greenhouse gas fluxes and nitrogen budgets from an ombotrophic bog in Scotland and a minerotrophic sedge fen in Finland

Author

Drewer, J., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Minkkinen, K., Penttilä, T., Dinsmore, K.J., McKenzie, R.M., Helfter, C., Flechard, C., Sutton, M.A., Skiba, U.M., Drewer, J., Lohila, A., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Minkkinen, K., Penttilä, T., Dinsmore, K.J., McKenzie, R.M., Helfter, C., Flechard, C., Sutton, M.A., and Skiba, U.M.

Abstract

Northern peatlands cover approximately 4% of the global land surface area. Those peatlands will be particularly vulnerable to environmental and climate change and therefore it is important to investigate their total greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets, to determine the feedback on the climate. Nitrogen (N) is known to influence the GHG budget in particular by affecting the methane (CH4) balance. At two peatland sites in Scotland and Finland GHG fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen fluxes were measured as part of the European project ‘NitroEurope’. The Scottish site, Auchencorth Moss, was a GHG sink of −321, −490 and −321 g CO2 eq m−2 year−1 in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, with CO2 as the dominating GHG. In contrast, the dominating GHG at the Finnish site, Lompolojnkk, was CH4, resulting in the site being a net GHG source of +485 and +431 g CO2 eq m−2 year−1 in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Therefore, Auchencorth Moss had a negative global warming potential (GWP) whilst Lompolojnkk had a positive GWP over the investigated time period. Initial results yielded a positive N budget for Lompolojnkk of 7.1 kg N ha−1 year−1, meaning the site was gaining nitrogen, and a negative N budget for Auchencorth Moss of −2.4 kg N ha year−1, meaning the site was losing nitrogen

Published
2010

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