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The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on total factor productivity (TFP) in the European mining industry, considering micro- and macroeconomic indicators of the relationship between CSR and TFP. Employing data from 40 European mining companies from content analysis, CSR Hub, and the World Bank between 2018 and 2021, this paper utilizes a combination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and panel regression techniques to test the research hypotheses. The findings suggest that the TFP of European mining firms is positively affected by CSR initiatives implemented by the companies. Also, the empirical results depict that the CSR-TFP relationship is mainly established on institutional criteria. The results also indicate that CSR-related factors, namely, transparency and reporting, training, health and safety, and resource management, are the impacting indicators. The study broadens the horizons of this line of research and can be beneficial to CEOs, managers, experts, policymakers, decision-makers, and economists in the field of mining who are willing to promote responsible and sustainable mining., Peer Reviewed, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::8 - Treball Decent i Creixement Econòmic, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::9 - Indústria, Innovació i Infraestructura, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables, Postprint (published version)

In the mining industry, excavator uptime is crucial for maintaining productivity and meeting project deadlines. Downtime, or periods when excavators are not operational, can significantly impact project costs and efficiency. This paper examines various types of excavator downtime, including mechanical, electrical, technological, organisational, and meteorological, to identify patterns and potential mitigating strategies. By comparing the duration and implications of different downtime categories, this study seeks to highlight effective strategies for minimising non-operational periods, thereby enhancing the overall productivity and safety of excavator operations in the industry. The descriptive statistics indicated that the data exhibited non-parametric characteristics. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare the data. The results of the research showed that, in most cases, there is a difference in the duration of downtimes between different categories of downtimes. This analysis aims to contribute to the optimisation of excavator use, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders.

The increase of women manager each year coexist with the low percentage compared to their male couneterparts caused by the challenges in their career development in the form of glass ceiling phenomenon, resulting in underrepresentative of women in strategic position in minings’s oil and gas company, which is a male dominated industry. This research explores the experiences of 6 women managers’s career advancement by conducting an in-depth interview. Using thematic analysis, this research found that women managers in oil and gas encounter challenges from their personal life and external matters, receive support from their partners and external side, and implement strategy relating to oneself and their external environment. This research also found the views regarding the figure of professional female workers in the mining industry are seen as the basis for female worker to compete in this industry. This research fills the gap in literature which discusses glass ceiling in male dominated industry, specifically in the perspective of women managers and their experience in career development process. The findings could serve as reference for employer in order to create gender-friendly and gender-neutral policy and to open many other possibilities for women in order to have an equal opportunity to serve in strategic positions.

This master thesis investigates the integration of sustainability and resilience principles into the design of a distribution supply chain network for copper mining, using a case study at Copperstone Resources AB. The aim is to demonstrate how these considerations can be effectively implemented in the copper mining industry, an area where such integration is largely unexplored. Using a case study approach, an optimization model and sensitivity analysis were developed, resulting in four alternative supply chain network designs: two proposed by the company and two generated by the optimization model. Through multi-criteria decision analysis methods, including the analytical hierarchy process and weighted sum method, the alternatives were assessed with input from Copperstone Resources AB. The findings indicate potential cost savings ranging from 200 to 550 MSEK across the four alternatives over 10 years. The preferred option identified by the analysis involves intermodal transport utilizing electric trucks, railways, and ships to transport copper concentrate to Skelleftehamn and iron concentrate to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Antwerp. This alternative is deemed the most efficient, environmentally friendly, and resilient, making it the recommended distribution supply chain network design. It is projected to emit between 25 872 and 81 545 tonnes of CO2 over 10 years, with an estimated investment and operating expense of approximately 2.57 BSEK over the same period. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of integrating sustainability and resilience in supply chain network design, particularly in the copper mining industry. The thesis provides insights for practitioners seeking to optimize their distribution networks while considering environmental and resilience factors.

This thesis is an attempt to reflect on my own creative process and put it in relation to critical ideas and artworks that deals with themes of apocalypse, ecology and political theory. By doing this I hope to examine the role of apocalyptic narratives in our society today and see how my own film relates to these ideas. By putting my artistic process and film in relation to a theoretical framework I hope to discover new perspectives on aesthetics and how to tell an apocalyptic story in our day and age and how this relates to documentary filmmaking and digital culture. To engage with a critical perspective on the ecological questions regarding my work I am taking help from thinkers such as the finish art historian and media professor Jussi Parikka and his ideas about geology of media where the earth crust itself can be considered a mediating force. I am also introducing the concept of buen vivir presented by the post-colonial theorist Rolando Vásques to critically examine the documentary process in Sápmi. Furthermore, I explore the religious idea of the holy fool who appears in the film from a societal perspective by turning to the media theorist Byung- Chul Han. I also make us of the theologian Ola Sigurdsons ideas about the transcendental power of comedy to understand the more comical sides of my filmmaking. By putting these theoretical ideas against my practice I try to find an expanded understanding of the apocalyptic film genre and how the artistic process relates to healing and transformation in times of societal and existential crisis.

This master thesis investigates the integration of sustainability and resilience principles into the design of a distribution supply chain network for copper mining, using a case study at Copperstone Resources AB. The aim is to demonstrate how these considerations can be effectively implemented in the copper mining industry, an area where such integration is largely unexplored. Using a case study approach, an optimization model and sensitivity analysis were developed, resulting in four alternative supply chain network designs: two proposed by the company and two generated by the optimization model. Through multi-criteria decision analysis methods, including the analytical hierarchy process and weighted sum method, the alternatives were assessed with input from Copperstone Resources AB. The findings indicate potential cost savings ranging from 200 to 550 MSEK across the four alternatives over 10 years. The preferred option identified by the analysis involves intermodal transport utilizing electric trucks, railways, and ships to transport copper concentrate to Skelleftehamn and iron concentrate to Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Antwerp. This alternative is deemed the most efficient, environmentally friendly, and resilient, making it the recommended distribution supply chain network design. It is projected to emit between 25 872 and 81 545 tonnes of CO2 over 10 years, with an estimated investment and operating expense of approximately 2.57 BSEK over the same period. This research contributes to the scientific understanding of integrating sustainability and resilience in supply chain network design, particularly in the copper mining industry. The thesis provides insights for practitioners seeking to optimize their distribution networks while considering environmental and resilience factors.

The increasing global demand for critical raw minerals is increasing the demand for expansion of the mining industry, requiring quicker issuance of environmental and mining permits while maintaining sustainability standards. Social License to Operate (SLO) is crucial for gaining local support for mining projects. The EU's increased influence on member statesmineral policies through the Critical Raw Mineral Act (CRMA) could lead to local power shifts and conflicts. This study examines how CRMA affects local power dynamics and conflicts, focusing on two mining projects in Sweden to investigate the local impacts of the EU's CRMA and its effect on SLO. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study applies MacPhail et al.'s (2022) theoretical framework, focusing on process legitimacy, value compatibility, and expected distributional outcomes. The findings indicate that CRMA may negatively impact SLO and may lead to reduced power for indigenous populations and increased conflicts among stakeholders. The study highlights the need for inclusive, transparent, and fair permitting processes to secure SLO and minimize conflicts, emphasizing the importance of integrating indigenous rights and values in political decisions and permitting processes to support democratic and sustainable development in the mining industry.

This thesis is an attempt to reflect on my own creative process and put it in relation to critical ideas and artworks that deals with themes of apocalypse, ecology and political theory. By doing this I hope to examine the role of apocalyptic narratives in our society today and see how my own film relates to these ideas. By putting my artistic process and film in relation to a theoretical framework I hope to discover new perspectives on aesthetics and how to tell an apocalyptic story in our day and age and how this relates to documentary filmmaking and digital culture. To engage with a critical perspective on the ecological questions regarding my work I am taking help from thinkers such as the finish art historian and media professor Jussi Parikka and his ideas about geology of media where the earth crust itself can be considered a mediating force. I am also introducing the concept of buen vivir presented by the post-colonial theorist Rolando Vásques to critically examine the documentary process in Sápmi. Furthermore, I explore the religious idea of the holy fool who appears in the film from a societal perspective by turning to the media theorist Byung- Chul Han. I also make us of the theologian Ola Sigurdsons ideas about the transcendental power of comedy to understand the more comical sides of my filmmaking. By putting these theoretical ideas against my practice I try to find an expanded understanding of the apocalyptic film genre and how the artistic process relates to healing and transformation in times of societal and existential crisis.

The increasing global demand for critical raw minerals is increasing the demand for expansion of the mining industry, requiring quicker issuance of environmental and mining permits while maintaining sustainability standards. Social License to Operate (SLO) is crucial for gaining local support for mining projects. The EU's increased influence on member statesmineral policies through the Critical Raw Mineral Act (CRMA) could lead to local power shifts and conflicts. This study examines how CRMA affects local power dynamics and conflicts, focusing on two mining projects in Sweden to investigate the local impacts of the EU's CRMA and its effect on SLO. Using a qualitative case study approach, the study applies MacPhail et al.'s (2022) theoretical framework, focusing on process legitimacy, value compatibility, and expected distributional outcomes. The findings indicate that CRMA may negatively impact SLO and may lead to reduced power for indigenous populations and increased conflicts among stakeholders. The study highlights the need for inclusive, transparent, and fair permitting processes to secure SLO and minimize conflicts, emphasizing the importance of integrating indigenous rights and values in political decisions and permitting processes to support democratic and sustainable development in the mining industry.

This article addresses the issue of gender inequality and how it has affected women leaders in the Mexican mining industry. According to Tarrés (2013), the gender category is the result of social relations based on differences perceived by the sexes and power. Gender inequality is the result of privileging one group over another based on an ideological system and not on abilities or abilities. To understand inequality in organizations and how to eradicate it, it is necessary to take into account organizational culture as a system of shared beliefs, habits and processes that maintain, replicate or change the dynamics within companies. To learn firsthand about what women leaders experience in the mines, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed from an interpretive approach based on an analogical epistemology. Thanks to this approach, it was possible to detect that there are still companies with inequality practices, but also that there are gender education programs, inclusion policies and support networks to eradicate inequality and create a better working environment., Este artigo aborda a questão da desigualdade de género e como esta tem afectado as mulheres líderes na indústria mineira mexicana. Segundo Tarrés (2013), a categoria gênero é o resultado de relações sociais baseadas nas diferenças percebidas entre os sexos e no poder. Por outras palavras, a desigualdade de género é o resultado de privilegiar um grupo em detrimento de outro com base num sistema ideológico, e não em capacidades ou habilidades. Para compreender a desigualdade nas organizações e como erradicá-la, é necessário ter em conta a cultura organizacional como um sistema de crenças, hábitos e processos partilhados que mantêm, replicam ou alteram a dinâmica dentro das empresas. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o desenvolvimento de mulheres gestoras em organizações da indústria mineral destacadas em diferentes estudos de caso. Para conhecer em primeira mão o que as mulheres líderes vivenciam nas minas, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas a partir de uma abordagem interpretativa apoiada por uma epistemologia analógica. Graças a esta abordagem, foi possível detectar que ainda existem empresas com práticas de desigualdade, embora programas de educação de género, políticas de inclusão e redes de apoio também operem para erradicar a desigualdade e criar um melhor ambiente de trabalho., En este artículo se aborda el tema de la desigualdad de género y cómo ha afectado a las mujeres líderes en la industria minera mexicana. De acuerdo con Tarrés (2013), la categoría de género es el resultado de relaciones sociales basadas en diferencias percibidas por los sexos y el poder. En otras palabras, la desigualdad de género es el resultado de privilegiar a un grupo sobre otro a partir de un sistema ideológico, y no de las capacidades o habilidades. Para entender la desigualdad en las organizaciones y cómo erradicarla es necesario tomar en cuenta la cultura organizacional como un sistema de creencias, hábitos y procesos compartidos que mantienen, replican o cambian las dinámicas dentro de las empresas. En tal sentido, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender la relación que se da entre cultura organizacional y el desarrollo de las mujeres directivas en las organizaciones de la industria minera destacadas en diferentes casos de estudio. Para conocer de primera mano lo que viven las mujeres líderes en las minas, se hicieron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron desde un enfoque interpretativo sustentado en una epistemología analógica. Gracias a este acercamiento, se pudo detectar que todavía existen empresas con prácticas de desigualdad, aunque también funcionan programas de educación de género, políticas de inclusión y redes de apoyo para erradicar la desigualdad y crear un mejor entorno laboral

Purpose: Drawing on the natural resource-based view (NRBV) theory, the study aimed to examine the mediating role of green innovation (GI) in the nexus between green human resource management practices (Green HRMPs) and sustainable business performance (SBP). Design/methodology/approach: This study adopted the descriptive time-lagged research design. Data were collected from 278 managerial staff of five mining companies in Ghana at different waves within a 3-month interval. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data received using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics (V. 26.0) and Smart PLS (V.4.0). Findings: The study found that Green HRMPs significantly related more to economic performance (EP) than social performance (SP) but did not significantly relate to environmental performance (EnP). Moreover, the results revealed that GI partially mediated the nexus between Green HRMPs and both SP and EP but fully mediated the link between Green HRMPs and EnP. Originality/value: The relevance of Green HRMPs in ensuring corporate sustainability has been largely established in the extant literature. However, there is an evidential dearth of studies in the literature concerning the mediating role of GI in the nexus between Green HRMPs and SBP, especially in developing economies context. Hence, this study serves as a significant contributing card from Ghana by advancing the NRBV theory.

This article addresses the issue of gender inequality and how it has affected women leaders in the Mexican mining industry. According to Tarrés (2013), the gender category is the result of social relations based on differences perceived by the sexes and power. Gender inequality is the result of privileging one group over another based on an ideological system and not on abilities or abilities. To understand inequality in organizations and how to eradicate it, it is necessary to take into account organizational culture as a system of shared beliefs, habits and processes that maintain, replicate or change the dynamics within companies. To learn firsthand about what women leaders experience in the mines, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed from an interpretive approach based on an analogical epistemology. Thanks to this approach, it was possible to detect that there are still companies with inequality practices, but also that there are gender education programs, inclusion policies and support networks to eradicate inequality and create a better working environment., Este artigo aborda a questão da desigualdade de género e como esta tem afectado as mulheres líderes na indústria mineira mexicana. Segundo Tarrés (2013), a categoria gênero é o resultado de relações sociais baseadas nas diferenças percebidas entre os sexos e no poder. Por outras palavras, a desigualdade de género é o resultado de privilegiar um grupo em detrimento de outro com base num sistema ideológico, e não em capacidades ou habilidades. Para compreender a desigualdade nas organizações e como erradicá-la, é necessário ter em conta a cultura organizacional como um sistema de crenças, hábitos e processos partilhados que mantêm, replicam ou alteram a dinâmica dentro das empresas. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o desenvolvimento de mulheres gestoras em organizações da indústria mineral destacadas em diferentes estudos de caso. Para conhecer em primeira mão o que as mulheres líderes vivenciam nas minas, foram realizadas 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisadas a partir de uma abordagem interpretativa apoiada por uma epistemologia analógica. Graças a esta abordagem, foi possível detectar que ainda existem empresas com práticas de desigualdade, embora programas de educação de género, políticas de inclusão e redes de apoio também operem para erradicar a desigualdade e criar um melhor ambiente de trabalho., En este artículo se aborda el tema de la desigualdad de género y cómo ha afectado a las mujeres líderes en la industria minera mexicana. De acuerdo con Tarrés (2013), la categoría de género es el resultado de relaciones sociales basadas en diferencias percibidas por los sexos y el poder. En otras palabras, la desigualdad de género es el resultado de privilegiar a un grupo sobre otro a partir de un sistema ideológico, y no de las capacidades o habilidades. Para entender la desigualdad en las organizaciones y cómo erradicarla es necesario tomar en cuenta la cultura organizacional como un sistema de creencias, hábitos y procesos compartidos que mantienen, replican o cambian las dinámicas dentro de las empresas. En tal sentido, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender la relación que se da entre cultura organizacional y el desarrollo de las mujeres directivas en las organizaciones de la industria minera destacadas en diferentes casos de estudio. Para conocer de primera mano lo que viven las mujeres líderes en las minas, se hicieron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron desde un enfoque interpretativo sustentado en una epistemología analógica. Gracias a este acercamiento, se pudo detectar que todavía existen empresas con prácticas de desigualdad, aunque también funcionan programas de educación de género, políticas de inclusión y redes de apoyo para erradicar la desigualdad y crear un mejor entorno laboral

Control of OHS risks in the mining industry has been attracting increasing attention in recent years. Because of their great diversity in a complex system, hazards can be difficult to identify and classify, especially when system components interact. Risk cannot be managed successfully without comprehensive investigation of all its aspects. A coherent and integrated classification for identifying and categorizing all hazards is currently lacking in mining. We propose an integrated system classification of OHS hazards in mining based on our review of 44 studies retrieved using PRISMA. Considering Canadian and international standards, regulations and conventions, new hazard categories are proposed and hazard prevention is discussed from 12 perspectives: physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, accident and psychosocial risks, as well as policy, legislation, management, design, geography, and uncertainty, with reference to each of the four phases of a typical mine life cycle, the hazards were shown in a portrait. This paper provides suitable categories based on rational data for creating a portrait in order to OHS hazards prevention in life cycle activity in mine.

The increase of women manager each year coexist with the low percentage compared to their male couneterparts caused by the challenges in their career development in the form of glass ceiling phenomenon, resulting in underrepresentative of women in strategic position in minings’s oil and gas company, which is a male dominated industry. This research explores the experiences of 6 women managers’s career advancement by conducting an in-depth interview. Using thematic analysis, this research found that women managers in oil and gas encounter challenges from their personal life and external matters, receive support from their partners and external side, and implement strategy relating to oneself and their external environment. This research also found the views regarding the figure of professional female workers in the mining industry are seen as the basis for female worker to compete in this industry. This research fills the gap in literature which discusses glass ceiling in male dominated industry, specifically in the perspective of women managers and their experience in career development process. The findings could serve as reference for employer in order to create gender-friendly and gender-neutral policy and to open many other possibilities for women in order to have an equal opportunity to serve in strategic positions.

While there is a growing recognition of the need for societies to adapt to climate change, adaptation governance often falls short and can even worsen existing vulnerabilities. This problem is exacerbated by the deep connection between climate change and economic system governance. It underscores the importance of gaining a better understanding of how economic governance influences adaptation pathways. However, this intricate interplay remains relatively unexplored in the realms of both global governance and climate adaptation research. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the existing literature by adopting a historical political economy approach. This approach helps us comprehend how adaptation is governed within the context of historically formed 'glocalized' regimes and sheds light on why adaptation pathways may inadvertently exacerbate vulnerabilities. The research considers how vulnerabilities and adaptation pathways are deeply embedded in glocalized regimes and how historical processes constrain transformative changes while explaining instances of maladaptation. The thesis explores the argument empirically by relying on extensive fieldwork material and document analysis in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. These countries have economies heavily reliant on extractive sectors like mining and agriculture, which play pivotal roles in their economic histories and are associated with local vulnerabilities and socio-environmental impacts. The results suggest that climate responses are not exogenous to the glocalized capitalist regimes but adaptation pathways are, in fact, driven by extractive capitalism. Furthermore, the results show how dominant scientific frames are deployed in both the production of knowledge and the adaptation responses to climate impacts and vulnerabilities. These responses tend to marginalize discussions about the transformative changes necessary for tackling climate change and vulnerabilities under the influence o, Glocalizing Climate change

How could we conceptualize path development taking place in regions dominated by extracting industries and subsistence economies? The article expands existing Evolutionary Economic Geography theory by focussing on extractive economies in a peripheral region that has, thus far, barely been covered. It challenges existing conceptualizations by highlighting a tin producing island in Indonesia. The article introduces the concept of path marginalization and its reinforcing mechanisms that explain the dynamics between large and artisanal mining activities. It examines how the mining path is reproduced by the interaction between multiple forms of labour organization that are normally unaccounted for.

Little is known about mining taxation in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), although it is both particularly complex and has large effects on incentives for investments in mining activities. This paper reviews the types and consequences of mining taxes that are applied in the region and their implications for investment. Most countries assess royalties based on the value of production, which are consistent with royalties applied globally. However, miners confront additional taxes such that tax regimes, in the aggregate, inefficiently discourage investment, including income taxes, non-refundable sales taxes on capital purchases, capital taxes, gross receipt taxes, and real estate transfer taxes. Several reforms emerge from the analysis. The most important is for LAC countries to consider profit-based regimes--similar to Chile, Mexico, and Peru--supplemented by a minimum royalty based on the value of production. Company tax reforms should also be considered with the aim to tax mining similarly to other sectors of the economy to improve the allocation of capital.

Mining is a vital sector in numerous economies of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as an important source of income and investments, an important generator of direct and indirect jobs, and a lever for innovations and chains. At the same time, its poor management can result in negative impacts on the environment and local communities. Enhancing the positive impacts of mining in LAC then implies addressing the challenges that exist for public policy and the development of the industry. This research by the IDB examines various good practices and international standards of the mining industry as references to review the existing policies and regulations in Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Peru on social, environmental and governance sustainability of the mining sector in LAC. This comparative analysis revealed spaces where the regulations are less demanding or ambitious than industry standards and we consider those spaces as opportunities for improvement. Based on the evaluation, this work presents a proposal for a regional road map that identifies interventions to be taken in order to close gaps between local or national standards and the global standards of the mining industry.

The mining sector has an enormous complexity generated by the management of economic, social and environmental factors. This leads us to study the behaviour of the mining sector in the Dominican Republic: CSR strategies, its relationship with extractive industry and business success based on competitiveness and innovation in this sector. At the same time, the role of CSR in auxiliary companies and its relationship with their performance, cooperation and competitiveness are analyzed. For this purpose, structural equations models are used. The results reveal that CSR favours the competitiveness and innovation of extractive companies, as well as their performance. For the auxiliary industry, CSR favours competitiveness, cooperation and performance. Among the practical applications we can highlight that companies should serve as tools for the development of the Dominican society, adhering to ethical, moral and fair principles. Therefore, mining companies are encouraged to establish CSR as a management model, since internal management in extractive companies can be used to improve their performance and competitiveness while introducing environmental management systems, as well as how to reinforce the productive chain through the strengthening of auxiliary companies, improving their technical capacities and increasing their profitability.

Initially, Artificial Intelligence (AI) focused on diagnostics during the 70s and 80s. Unfortunately, it did not gain trust and few industries embraced it, mostly due to the extensive manual programming effort that AI required for interpreting data and act. In addition, the computer capacity, for handling the amounts of data necessary to train AI, was lacking the disc dimensions we are used to today, which made it go slowly. Not until the 2000 s confidence in AI was established in parallel with the introduction of new tools that was paving the way for PLS, PCA, ANN and soft sensors. Year 2011, IBM Watson (an AI application) was developed and won over the jeopardy champion. Today's machine learning (ML) such as “deep learning” and artificial neural networks (ANN) have created interesting use cases. AI has therefore regained confidence and industries are beginning to embrace where they see appropriate uses. Simultaneously, Internet of Things (IoT) tools have been introduced and made it possible to develop new capabilities such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR) and extended reality (XR). These technologies are maturing and could be used in several application areas for the industries and form part of their digitalization journey. Furthermore, it is not only the industries that could benefit from introducing these technologies. Studies also show several areas and use cases where augmented reality has a positive impact, such as on students' learning ability. Yet few teachers know or use this technology. This paper evaluates and analyze AR, remote assistance tool for industrial purposes. The potential of the tool is discussed for frequent maintenance cases in the mining industry. Further on, if we look into the future, it is not surprising if we will be able to see that today's concepts of reality tools have evolved to become smarter by being trained by multimedia recognition and from people who have thus created an AI expert. Where the A

The strive towards sustainability and its singular importance for all creatures on Earth has become the rallying cry of a generation. It has permeated into legislation, social practices, and the world of business. As companies start to implement increasingly more sustainable practices to meet these expectations placed on them by various stakeholders, a potential ‘conflict’ arises. One proxy for sustainability is the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) measurement. This can give stakeholders an insight into how sustainable a given company is. It has also become quite prevalent in modern research. However, one field of business is seemingly under-researched; namely the mining industry. Taking an inter-supply chain perspective, dichotomized into upstream and downstream companies, it can be inferred that mining companies are seen to be upstream. On the one hand, these upstream companies are far from the public consciousness and thus potentially outside the sphere of influence of the strive towards sustainability. On the other hand, if these companies are publicly traded, reports placing a given company in a negative light could potentially set a downward pressure on that company’s stock price; conceptualized as volatility. This causes a series of questions: Is this the case for upstream companies? Is it the case for downstream companies as well? Is there a difference between up- and downstream companies? From this, one arrives at the following research question: Is there a difference in the association between ESG scores and price volatility among North American mining companies and companies listed on the S&P 500? To answer this research question, an empirical positivist study is undertaken. OLS regressions are made on the data and then the difference in coefficients is tested for significance. The results suggest a positive association between ESG score and price volatility for North American mining companies which is statistically different from the ass

Having seen significant improvements to accident rates in the last 40 years, companies in the Swedish mining industry now show a greater focus on the development of safety cultures throughout their organisations and workplaces. However, there is a lack of research examining the different safety initiatives and strategies practiced in the industry today. This study explores the potential influence and consequences such initiatives may have on the development of safety cultures in the Swedish mining industry. Twelve interviews with experts on safety initiatives from four different Swedish mining organisations were conducted and analysed in a process based on qualitative thematic analysis to identify notable connections to safety culture development. The results of these interviews highlight proclivities in the implementation and use of safety initiatives such as subjects of focus, methods and desired effects. This enables the interpretation of the conceptualisation and methods for the development of safety culture in these organisations based on their approaches to safety development. We believe the results of this study can serve as support for discussions on safety culture development in the Swedish mining industry, and be of interest for international mining industries, in addition to approaches to research in this field. However, we also believe it is important to emphasise the opportunities to approach safety culture in mining from different perspectives than those common today., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-08-16 (marisr);Funder: Swedish Mining and Metal Producing Industry (STRIM) (grant no. 2017-05438)License fulltext: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

New technologies such as the Internet of Things are providing newer insights into the health, performance, and utilization of mining equipment through the collection of real-time data with sensors. In this study, data is utilized from multiple quarries and a surface coal mine collected through the software CAT Productivity and CAT MineStar Edge to analyze the performance of loaders and haul trucks. This data consists of performance metrics such as truck and loader cycle time, payload per loader bucket, total truck payload, truck plan distance, and loader dipper count. This study uses data analysis and machine learning techniques to analyze the performance of loaders and haul trucks in the mining operations used in the scope of this study. Data analysis of cycle time and payload show promising results such that there is an optimum cycle time for multiple loaders between 30-40 seconds that show a high average production. Furthermore, the distribution of production variables is analyzed across each set of loaders to compare the performance. The Caterpillar 992K machine in the rock quarries data set seemed to be the highest-yielding machine while the two Caterpillar 993K machines performed similarly in the surface coal mine data set. The Neural Network algorithm created a model that predicted the loader from the performance metrics with 90.26% accuracy using the CAT Productivity data set, while the Random Forest algorithm achieved a 79.82% accuracy using the CAT MineStar Edge data set. Furthermore, the use of preventative maintenance is investigated in the process of replacing Ground Engaging Tools on loader buckets to determine if maintenance was effective. Additionally, data analysis is applied to Ground Engagement Tools maintenance to identify key preventative maintenance schedules to minimize production impact from equipment downtime and unnecessary maintenance. Production efficiency is compared before and after maintenance on Ground Engaging Tools and concluded tha

Having seen significant improvements to accident rates in the last 40 years, companies in the Swedish mining industry now show a greater focus on the development of safety cultures throughout their organisations and workplaces. However, there is a lack of research examining the different safety initiatives and strategies practiced in the industry today. This study explores the potential influence and consequences such initiatives may have on the development of safety cultures in the Swedish mining industry. Twelve interviews with experts on safety initiatives from four different Swedish mining organisations were conducted and analysed in a process based on qualitative thematic analysis to identify notable connections to safety culture development. The results of these interviews highlight proclivities in the implementation and use of safety initiatives such as subjects of focus, methods and desired effects. This enables the interpretation of the conceptualisation and methods for the development of safety culture in these organisations based on their approaches to safety development. We believe the results of this study can serve as support for discussions on safety culture development in the Swedish mining industry, and be of interest for international mining industries, in addition to approaches to research in this field. However, we also believe it is important to emphasise the opportunities to approach safety culture in mining from different perspectives than those common today., Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-08-16 (marisr);Funder: Swedish Mining and Metal Producing Industry (STRIM) (grant no. 2017-05438)License fulltext: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

The mining industry is the primary sector anchor and the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Namibian economy and it can potentially drive the country towards industrialization by adding value to its products via the implementation of the Mineral Beneficiation Strategy (MBS). Unfortunately, the mining industry is currently unsustainable because 52% of the operations have stopped production. This research is aimed at investigating strategies that may potentially improve superior sustainable performance in the Namibian mining industry. The research methodology applied, utilised the explanatory sequential mixed methods research (MMR) approach. In this case, quantitative and qualitative data were collected by using a self-administered open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide, respectively. To improve superior sustainable performance, the data inferred that the mines should successfully execute strategic projects such as the life of mine extension, increasing production, improving efficiencies, and improving all-in sustaining cost (AISC). It was found that the major factors negatively influencing superior sustainable performance include the following: a decline in commodity prices, mine flooding due to underground water, geotechnical risks, depleted ore reserves, declined ore grade, and mineralogical changes. The strategies to improve superior sustainable performance were established by applying a SWOT/TOWS analysis model and by creating an integrated strategy map that consider several mining operation sustainability aspects. Initiatives for reducing the cost of electrical power were recommended i.e., building a nuclear power plant, green hydrogen plant and the Kudu gas power station. Further research should focus on the policy regarding tax relief for mining companies that are struggling to remain sustainable.

Conveyor belts are the most effective way to transport ore in a mining complex. The ore that comes from the mining areas can be heterogeneous in size and type. As the ore needs to pass through several processing steps, online information about the ore’s type and degree of fragmentation can help improve mineral processing for both safety and efficiency. Current instrumentation systems are expensive and require frequent calibration and maintenance. This paper presents a novel intelligent instrument for online recognition of type and degree of fragmentation. A 2D LiDAR sensor and machine learning techniques were used to estimate the characteristics of iron ore particles on conveyor belts. An experiment was conducted using several types of ore and granulometry. Five machine learning models were compared using statistical methods, including analysis of average accuracy and normality and hypotheses tests. Among them, the Random Forest models achieved the highest average accuracy, 93.81% for ore type and 85.52% for the degree of fragmentation. These models were improved by a voting mechanism, resulting in a reduction of classification errors of 93.3% for ore type and 99.2% for the degree of fragmentation. These findings demonstrate potential for improving mineral processing controls and elevating operational safety within the mining sector.

While there is a growing recognition of the need for societies to adapt to climate change, adaptation governance often falls short and can even worsen existing vulnerabilities. This problem is exacerbated by the deep connection between climate change and economic system governance. It underscores the importance of gaining a better understanding of how economic governance influences adaptation pathways. However, this intricate interplay remains relatively unexplored in the realms of both global governance and climate adaptation research. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the existing literature by adopting a historical political economy approach. This approach helps us comprehend how adaptation is governed within the context of historically formed 'glocalized' regimes and sheds light on why adaptation pathways may inadvertently exacerbate vulnerabilities. The research considers how vulnerabilities and adaptation pathways are deeply embedded in glocalized regimes and how historical processes constrain transformative changes while explaining instances of maladaptation. The thesis explores the argument empirically by relying on extensive fieldwork material and document analysis in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. These countries have economies heavily reliant on extractive sectors like mining and agriculture, which play pivotal roles in their economic histories and are associated with local vulnerabilities and socio-environmental impacts. The results suggest that climate responses are not exogenous to the glocalized capitalist regimes but adaptation pathways are, in fact, driven by extractive capitalism. Furthermore, the results show how dominant scientific frames are deployed in both the production of knowledge and the adaptation responses to climate impacts and vulnerabilities. These responses tend to marginalize discussions about the transformative changes necessary for tackling climate change and vulnerabilities under the influence o, Glocalizing Climate change

While there is a growing recognition of the need for societies to adapt to climate change, adaptation governance often falls short and can even worsen existing vulnerabilities. This problem is exacerbated by the deep connection between climate change and economic system governance. It underscores the importance of gaining a better understanding of how economic governance influences adaptation pathways. However, this intricate interplay remains relatively unexplored in the realms of both global governance and climate adaptation research. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the existing literature by adopting a historical political economy approach. This approach helps us comprehend how adaptation is governed within the context of historically formed 'glocalized' regimes and sheds light on why adaptation pathways may inadvertently exacerbate vulnerabilities. The research considers how vulnerabilities and adaptation pathways are deeply embedded in glocalized regimes and how historical processes constrain transformative changes while explaining instances of maladaptation. The thesis explores the argument empirically by relying on extensive fieldwork material and document analysis in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. These countries have economies heavily reliant on extractive sectors like mining and agriculture, which play pivotal roles in their economic histories and are associated with local vulnerabilities and socio-environmental impacts. The results suggest that climate responses are not exogenous to the glocalized capitalist regimes but adaptation pathways are, in fact, driven by extractive capitalism. Furthermore, the results show how dominant scientific frames are deployed in both the production of knowledge and the adaptation responses to climate impacts and vulnerabilities. These responses tend to marginalize discussions about the transformative changes necessary for tackling climate change and vulnerabilities under the influence o, Glocalizing Climate change

While there is a growing recognition of the need for societies to adapt to climate change, adaptation governance often falls short and can even worsen existing vulnerabilities. This problem is exacerbated by the deep connection between climate change and economic system governance. It underscores the importance of gaining a better understanding of how economic governance influences adaptation pathways. However, this intricate interplay remains relatively unexplored in the realms of both global governance and climate adaptation research. This thesis seeks to address this gap in the existing literature by adopting a historical political economy approach. This approach helps us comprehend how adaptation is governed within the context of historically formed 'glocalized' regimes and sheds light on why adaptation pathways may inadvertently exacerbate vulnerabilities. The research considers how vulnerabilities and adaptation pathways are deeply embedded in glocalized regimes and how historical processes constrain transformative changes while explaining instances of maladaptation. The thesis explores the argument empirically by relying on extensive fieldwork material and document analysis in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Peru, and Uruguay. These countries have economies heavily reliant on extractive sectors like mining and agriculture, which play pivotal roles in their economic histories and are associated with local vulnerabilities and socio-environmental impacts. The results suggest that climate responses are not exogenous to the glocalized capitalist regimes but adaptation pathways are, in fact, driven by extractive capitalism. Furthermore, the results show how dominant scientific frames are deployed in both the production of knowledge and the adaptation responses to climate impacts and vulnerabilities. These responses tend to marginalize discussions about the transformative changes necessary for tackling climate change and vulnerabilities under the influence o, Glocalizing Climate change

While few studies have examined the role of institutional pressures on sustainable business practices, there is a dearth of empirical research regarding the influence of internal organisational characteristics on sustainability implementation in developing countries. This paper examines internal organisational features and how they influence multinational companies (MNCs) operating in a resource-rich developing country to embrace and embed sustainability into corporate policies and practices. The findings show that the history of past sustainable practices, the level of internationalisation and managerial cognition internally drive MNCs to implement sustainability in their host countries. We discuss that managerial cognition drives MNCs to embrace sustainability in non-enabling institutional environments based on private morality and perceived ethical obligation. Accordingly, we have proposed a holistic theoretical framework for sustainability implementation based on external drivers, institutional voids and complexity and the moderating role of internal organisational features.

For mining processes to operate safely, information about safety is crucial. Numerous authors pay attention to fostering a good safety climate without paying attention to safety communication across organizational structure, which motivates this survey. Accordingly, this paper aims to check the hypothesis whether there is a difference between the attitudes of managers, operators, and auxiliary workers in the mining industry regarding safety communication, since differences on their attitudes about safety communication issues have potential to cause safety performance. A survey of 123 respondents working in different positions in Serbian mining companies, which have evaluated the importance of communication as well as the current state regarding the quality of communication in their organizations, was conducted. After evaluating the data and conducting descriptive statistics, followed by the Mann-Whitney test, it was determined that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of managers, operators, and support staff toward safety communication. This indicates that issues with an organization's safety performance are not brought on by the differences on safety attitudes at different hierarchical levels. Proposal for the future research is to examine other possible causes, such as cognitive biases in risk perception, safety training and education and similar, and to use larger sample that may confirm our hypothesis.

The strive towards sustainability and its singular importance for all creatures on Earth has become the rallying cry of a generation. It has permeated into legislation, social practices, and the world of business. As companies start to implement increasingly more sustainable practices to meet these expectations placed on them by various stakeholders, a potential ‘conflict’ arises. One proxy for sustainability is the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) measurement. This can give stakeholders an insight into how sustainable a given company is. It has also become quite prevalent in modern research. However, one field of business is seemingly under-researched; namely the mining industry. Taking an inter-supply chain perspective, dichotomized into upstream and downstream companies, it can be inferred that mining companies are seen to be upstream. On the one hand, these upstream companies are far from the public consciousness and thus potentially outside the sphere of influence of the strive towards sustainability. On the other hand, if these companies are publicly traded, reports placing a given company in a negative light could potentially set a downward pressure on that company’s stock price; conceptualized as volatility. This causes a series of questions: Is this the case for upstream companies? Is it the case for downstream companies as well? Is there a difference between up- and downstream companies? From this, one arrives at the following research question: Is there a difference in the association between ESG scores and price volatility among North American mining companies and companies listed on the S&P 500? To answer this research question, an empirical positivist study is undertaken. OLS regressions are made on the data and then the difference in coefficients is tested for significance. The results suggest a positive association between ESG score and price volatility for North American mining companies which is statistically different from the ass

In this research, data analytics and machine learning were used to identify the performance metrics of loaders and haul trucks during mining operations. We used real-time collected data from loaders and haul trucks operating in multiple quarries to broaden the scope of the study and remove bias. Our model indicates relationships between multiple variables and their impacts on production in an operation. Data analysis was also applied to ground engagement tools (GET) to identify key preventative maintenance schedules to minimize production impact from capital equipment downtime. Through analysis of the loader’s data, it was found there is an efficient cycle time of around 35 s to 40 s, which yielded a higher payload. The decision tree classifier algorithm created a model that was 87.99% accurate in estimating the performance of a loader based on a full analysis of the data. Based on the distribution of production variables across each type of loader performing in a similar work environment, the Caterpillar 992K and 990K were the highest-yielding machines. Production efficiency was compared before and after maintenance periods of ground engaging tools on loader buckets. With the use of maintenance and production records for these tools, it was concluded that there was no distinguishable change in average production and percentage change in production value before and after maintenance days.

Stakeholder pressure and corporate governance empirically have relevance to the sustainability reports disclosure, which this research will prove at mining sector companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). All mining sector companies that are always listed on the IDX for 2016 – 2020 are the population of the research. Using a purposive sampling technique, the sample for this research is 15 companies with a total number of observations of 75 samples. The data analysis method uses multiple regression analysis. This study proves that only stakeholder pressure has a significant and positive effect, namely pressure from environmentally sensitive industries and employee pressure, while consumer and shareholder pressure have no significant effect on sustainability reports disclosure. All aspects of corporate governance, such as the board of commissioners, independent commissioners and audit committees, have no significant effect on sustainability reports disclosure.

Spinoff firms are a common phenomenon in entrepreneurship where employees leave incumbent parent firms to found their own. Like other types of new firms, such new spinoffs face liabilities of newness and smallness. Previous research has emphasised the role of the initial endowments from their parent firm to overcome such liabilities. In this study, we argue and are the first to show, that, in addition to such endowments, growing an alliance network with firms other than their parents’ is also critical for spinoff performance. Specifically, we investigate the performance effect of alliance network growth in newly founded spinoffs using a longitudinal sample of 248 spinoffs and 3370 strategic alliances in the mining industry. Drawing on theory based on the resource adjustment costs of forming alliances, we posit and find a U-shaped relationship between the alliance network growth and spinoff performance, above and beyond the parent firm’s influence. We further hypothesise and find that performance effects become stronger with increased time lags between alliance network growth and spinoff performance, and when spinoffs delay growing their alliance networks. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

The mining industry is the primary sector anchor and the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Namibian economy and it can potentially drive the country towards industrialization by adding value to its products via the implementation of the Mineral Beneficiation Strategy (MBS). Unfortunately, the mining industry is currently unsustainable because 52% of the operations have stopped production. This research is aimed at investigating strategies that may potentially improve superior sustainable performance in the Namibian mining industry. The research methodology applied, utilised the explanatory sequential mixed methods research (MMR) approach. In this case, quantitative and qualitative data were collected by using a self-administered open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide, respectively. To improve superior sustainable performance, the data inferred that the mines should successfully execute strategic projects such as the life of mine extension, increasing production, improving efficiencies, and improving all-in sustaining cost (AISC). It was found that the major factors negatively influencing superior sustainable performance include the following: a decline in commodity prices, mine flooding due to underground water, geotechnical risks, depleted ore reserves, declined ore grade, and mineralogical changes. The strategies to improve superior sustainable performance were established by applying a SWOT/TOWS analysis model and by creating an integrated strategy map that consider several mining operation sustainability aspects. Initiatives for reducing the cost of electrical power were recommended i.e., building a nuclear power plant, green hydrogen plant and the Kudu gas power station. Further research should focus on the policy regarding tax relief for mining companies that are struggling to remain sustainable.

Introduction: The mineral ore processing industry is a sector that can generate pollutants in the form of dust during the production, commonly known as respirable dust. This dust can enter the upper respiratory tract and lungs, thereby causing health problems to employees working in the mineral ore processing industry. This study aims to investigate health risks associated with exposure to dust in the mineral ore processing industry. Methods: Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) was used to assess dust exposure over the previous three years, following the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) 0600 for dust sampling measurement. Results: Seven locations with high dust emissions were considered for this study. The results of the respirable dust sampling showed that the concentrations in the previous three years ranged from 1,823 to 6,109 mg/m3, followed by a decrease in the following year to 0.049 to 2,715 mg/m3. Meanwhile, in the final year, the concentration of respirable dust ranged from 0.094 to 1.341 mg/m3. The calculated risk quotient (RQ) value for the previous three years remained below 1, indicating safety. Conclusion: Athough respirable dust was considered safe in the previous year, it is important to constantly control exposure due to continued high levels and the possibility of future increases

The mining industry is the primary sector anchor and the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Namibian economy and it can potentially drive the country towards industrialization by adding value to its products via the implementation of the Mineral Beneficiation Strategy (MBS). Unfortunately, the mining industry is currently unsustainable because 52% of the operations have stopped production. This research is aimed at investigating strategies that may potentially improve superior sustainable performance in the Namibian mining industry. The research methodology applied, utilised the explanatory sequential mixed methods research (MMR) approach. In this case, quantitative and qualitative data were collected by using a self-administered open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide, respectively. To improve superior sustainable performance, the data inferred that the mines should successfully execute strategic projects such as the life of mine extension, increasing production, improving efficiencies, and improving all-in sustaining cost (AISC). It was found that the major factors negatively influencing superior sustainable performance include the following: a decline in commodity prices, mine flooding due to underground water, geotechnical risks, depleted ore reserves, declined ore grade, and mineralogical changes. The strategies to improve superior sustainable performance were established by applying a SWOT/TOWS analysis model and by creating an integrated strategy map that consider several mining operation sustainability aspects. Initiatives for reducing the cost of electrical power were recommended i.e., building a nuclear power plant, green hydrogen plant and the Kudu gas power station. Further research should focus on the policy regarding tax relief for mining companies that are struggling to remain sustainable.

The mining industry is the primary sector anchor and the largest contributor to the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Namibian economy and it can potentially drive the country towards industrialization by adding value to its products via the implementation of the Mineral Beneficiation Strategy (MBS). Unfortunately, the mining industry is currently unsustainable because 52% of the operations have stopped production. This research is aimed at investigating strategies that may potentially improve superior sustainable performance in the Namibian mining industry. The research methodology applied, utilised the explanatory sequential mixed methods research (MMR) approach. In this case, quantitative and qualitative data were collected by using a self-administered open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview guide, respectively. To improve superior sustainable performance, the data inferred that the mines should successfully execute strategic projects such as the life of mine extension, increasing production, improving efficiencies, and improving all-in sustaining cost (AISC). It was found that the major factors negatively influencing superior sustainable performance include the following: a decline in commodity prices, mine flooding due to underground water, geotechnical risks, depleted ore reserves, declined ore grade, and mineralogical changes. The strategies to improve superior sustainable performance were established by applying a SWOT/TOWS analysis model and by creating an integrated strategy map that consider several mining operation sustainability aspects. Initiatives for reducing the cost of electrical power were recommended i.e., building a nuclear power plant, green hydrogen plant and the Kudu gas power station. Further research should focus on the policy regarding tax relief for mining companies that are struggling to remain sustainable

Esta nota hace una revisión sistemática de los mecanismos competitivos de adjudicación de áreas geográficas con potencial minero a ser exploradas y/o explotadas que usan países de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) donde la industria minera tiene una alta importancia en su economía y desarrollo. La competencia en la asignación de áreas mineras es una práctica relativamente nueva para la industria tanto en ALC como en otras latitudes. Tradicionalmente, la práctica de la industria minera ha sido asignar estas áreas mediante el principio de primero en el tiempo, primero en el derecho es decir: el primer interesado en solicitar una concesión o título minero de exploración y/o explotación a la autoridad competente es a quien se le otorga, si cumple con los requisitos mínimos exigidos por las normas vigentes y aplicables. Algunos países en ALC han empezado a desarrollar esquemas para asignar los derechos de exploración y/o explotación basados en competencia entre varios actores interesados y criterios de capacidad de éstos para desarrollar un depósito minero, sin privilegiar necesariamente a aquel que realice la solicitud del derecho con mayor prontitud. Esta investigación repasó todos los esquemas de asignación de áreas mineras en vigor en ALC y encontró que en Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú se utilizan actualmente modalidades competitivas en coexistencia con la tradicional primero en el tiempo, primero en el derecho . Esta nota hace entonces una revisión y evaluación comparativa, detallada y esquemática de los modos de asignación competitiva que se usan en estos países. Encontramos que aún parece temprano para decir si la competencia en la asignación de áreas para exploración y/o explotación minera reemplazará al modo tradicional. En cambio, pareciera que la decisión de gobernanza minera emergente en los países de ALC es la de la coexistencia de ambos modos, en atención a la dotación y conocimiento de los depósitos minerales de su territorio, así como a las capa

In this essay, I aimed to deconstruct the way that the history of Minnesota’s Iron Range is remembered and reveal how it supports an exploitative and harmful mining industry and system of capitalism. I identify how harm against Indigenous people and land is not a part of this collective memory of Iron Range’s history and neither is the way that racial division and racism were used as tools to exploit and suppress workers. I both complicate the narrative by revealing these histories and imagine how different the world and the Range would be if we honestly confronted and reckoned with our history.

Objectives: Globally, female workers workforce in Oil, Gas, and Mining (OGM) industry have increased significantly. The complexities of the OGM operations and the extensive exposure to workplace hazards potentially affect the health status of workers, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes of female workers. Yet, the current state of knowledge on SRH issues in OGM contexts seems to be limited and fragmented. This scoping review aims to identify the occupational factors that influence women’s SRH outcomes in OGM industry. Methods: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines (PRISMA) and was conducted in five databases, including the citation chaining via Google Scholar and manual search through relevant organisations and Government websites. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed. Results: Despite the scarcity of evidence, chemical and physical are found to be the predominant factors greatly influencing women workers’ SRH outcomes in OGM. Most studies showed menstrual and cycle disorders, and risky pregnancy as key SRH issues. However, menstruation disorder was considerably linked with psychological and organisational factors. Conclusion: This review suggests further empirical research on the relationship between OGM occupational hazards and women workers’ SRH. This will contribute to improvements in workplace safety legislations, measures, policies, and management systems taking into account women’s needs.

This thesis is a text analysis regarding the processing concession of Kallak K nr 1, an iron ore deposit located in Sweden outside of Jokkmokk. On March 22, 2022, processing concession was granted the Jokkmokk Iron Mines AB. The process of reaching this decision has been long and fought with great resistance by the Sami people, who today use the area for reindeer herding. This thesis uses the material from three official documents with the goal of discovering the justification for the concession. Galtung’s violence triangle is the chosen analytical tool. Cultural violence manifests through the economic model, prioritising mines over reindeer herding because of the wealth a mine would bring. The cultural violence of the “lapp-ska-vara-lapp” mentality can be seen in how the government makes decisions regarding what conditions should be posed against the company without consulting the Sami people, although Swedish law states that they should do so.

The North of Sweden is undergoing what’s called a green revolution, where new exploitations arehappening in the name of green development and growth and within the frame of eco-modernism. Thisrevolution is viewed as the solution to many of our problems, one being the climate change, another beingthe de-population of many towns in the North, such as Gällivare. Because of the dominating narrative andthe continued trend of (green) growth, demand on natural resources are increasing, leading to more andmore exploitations. What’s really happening in the North is a green colonization, where we can see greatsimilarities with the industrialization of the last turn of century, when the north was talked about in termsof the land of the future, today “The New North”. This thesis aims to investigate how the current greendevelopment effects the specific site in terms of land use, exploitations, conflicts and the impact on theIndigenous activity of reindeer herding. The project is situated in Gällivare, Norrbotten, Sweden, a townthat is currently undergoing bigger transformations, largely due to the continued mining activity ofGällivare’s two mines. The continuation means demolishment or moving of houses and people, as well asexpansions claiming larger areas of the Sami Community’s land. The project has a main focus on the conflict between the mining industry and the reindeer industry, butalso take into consideration other types of exploitations, such as forest industry, wind power, urbansettlements and so on. The project challenges the dominating narrative, stating that the current status quoof development in the North might not be sustainable or just. Therefore, it also put forward two alternativefuture scenarios, one where Gällivare would be locally self-sufficient and the mining would have stopped,and the other being an automatization of the economic and domestic life, where the mining wouldcontinue. The purpose is to provide a basis for discussion and to explore how other nar

Background Previous studies show a high level of uncertainty in the mining industry. Stakeholders require transparent sustainability reports from mining companies due to the high risk of accidents. In recent years, several failures causing disastrous consequences have occured in the industry. A clear example of such failure is the Samarco dam collapse in 2015, which is said to be Brazil's worst disaster in the mining industry. Due to companies using sustainability reports as a tool to communicate, there is a need to study how companies in the mining industry communicate negative information when involved in a scandal. Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the strategies companies use in their sustainability reports and press releases in order to recover from a scandal. Furthermore, the study will also analyze how companies maintain their legitimacy when reporting negative information. Method The methodological approach for this study consists of a case study. The case study consists of a content analysis and a coding schedule in which the sustainability reports and press releases from BHP Billiton and Vale S.A. will be analyzed. These mining companies were directly involved in the Samarco dam disaster which is the case selected for this study. Conclusion Various approaches were identified in the reporting of the scandal that are attributable to different legitimacy strategies. The strategies that companies mainly used in their sustainability reports and press releases were complete measures, incomplete measures and indicating facts.This in order to maintain corporate legitimacy and trust of the stakeholders after a scandal has occurred., Bakgrund Tidigare forskning påvisar att det föreligger hög risk och osäkerhet inom gruvindustrin. Den höga risken för olyckor har medfört att intressenterna kräver transparentare hållbarhetsrapporter från gruvbolagen. Under de senaste åren har flera olyckor av allvarlig karaktär förekommit inom denna bransch. Ett tydligt exempel på detta är Samarco-dammkollapsen i 2015 som benämns vara Brasiliens värsta olycka inom gruvbranschen. I och med att företag använder hållbarhetsrapporter som kommunikationsverktyg finns ett behov att undersöka hur gruvbolag kommunicerar negativ information i samband med en skandal. Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka strategier företag använder sig av i sina hållbarhetsrapporter samt pressmeddelanden för att återhämta sig efter en skandal. Vidare kommer studien att analysera vilka tillvägagångssätt företagen använder för att bibehålla sin legitimitet när de rapporterar negativ information. Metod Det metodologiska tillvägagångssättet för denna undersökning är en fallstudie. Fallet som valdes ut är Samarco-dammkatastrofen som skedde 2015 i Brasilien. Med hjälp av en innehållsanalys och kodningsschema har BHP Billiton och Vale S.A. som var inblandade i händelsen analyserats. Företagens hållbarhetsrapporter och pressmeddelanden utgör studiens material. Slutsats Det identifierades diverse tillvägagångssätt i rapporteringen av skandalen som är hänförligt till olika legitimitetsstrategier. De strategier som företagen använde främst av i sina hållbarhetsrapporter och pressmeddelanden var ofullständiga åtgärder, fullständiga åtgärder och identifikation av fakta. Detta i syfte att upprätthålla företagens legitimitet efter uppstått skandal och behålla tilliten hos intressenterna.

Throughout the last decades the developments on desalination field have been focused on energy consumption and costs reduction. However, water recovery and brine disposal are becoming a matter of concern to desalination industry. In this work, a Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) unit coupled with a Solar Micro Gas Turbine (SMGT) system is presented to address, among others, the challenges of mining industry in remote areas, in particular, fossil fuel dependence, water availability and pollution derived from effluents disposal. As a way to assess the feasibility of the proposal, a techno-economic analysis of the application in two Southern American regions (Chile and Ecuador) of photovoltaic modules, wind turbines and Solar Micro Gas Turbines is performed. Afterwards, the main novel feature of the new system—i.e., the ZLD unit—is described and a sensitivity analysis on its functioning whilst coupled with the SMGT is carried out. The aim is to propose a preliminary design of the ZLD process. The selection of the optimal ratio between exhaust gases and brine mass flow rates is analyzed, as well as variation in inlet salinity and temperatures. Furthermore, the water which could be recovered from effluents, at the same time that the heat of exhaust gases from SMGT is harvested, is quantified. Lastly, according to the results obtained, a preliminary design of a 10 kWe rated power SMGT system, coupled to Reverse Osmosis (RO) and ZLD units, is proposed.

The North of Sweden is undergoing what’s called a green revolution, where new exploitations arehappening in the name of green development and growth and within the frame of eco-modernism. Thisrevolution is viewed as the solution to many of our problems, one being the climate change, another beingthe de-population of many towns in the North, such as Gällivare. Because of the dominating narrative andthe continued trend of (green) growth, demand on natural resources are increasing, leading to more andmore exploitations. What’s really happening in the North is a green colonization, where we can see greatsimilarities with the industrialization of the last turn of century, when the north was talked about in termsof the land of the future, today “The New North”. This thesis aims to investigate how the current greendevelopment effects the specific site in terms of land use, exploitations, conflicts and the impact on theIndigenous activity of reindeer herding. The project is situated in Gällivare, Norrbotten, Sweden, a townthat is currently undergoing bigger transformations, largely due to the continued mining activity ofGällivare’s two mines. The continuation means demolishment or moving of houses and people, as well asexpansions claiming larger areas of the Sami Community’s land. The project has a main focus on the conflict between the mining industry and the reindeer industry, butalso take into consideration other types of exploitations, such as forest industry, wind power, urbansettlements and so on. The project challenges the dominating narrative, stating that the current status quoof development in the North might not be sustainable or just. Therefore, it also put forward two alternativefuture scenarios, one where Gällivare would be locally self-sufficient and the mining would have stopped,and the other being an automatization of the economic and domestic life, where the mining wouldcontinue. The purpose is to provide a basis for discussion and to explore how other nar

Small-scale mining is growing with a greater number of operators in different parts of the world, the Puno-Peru region does not escape this reality; collaterally, the negative impacts on ecosystems are increasing, the objective of the study is to determine the presence of heavy metals as a result of artisanal mining activity in the provinces of Sandia, Carabaya and San Antonio de Putina. Seven specific water samples were taken close to the operations of the three provinces, evaluated in a plasma spectrometry equipment (ICP) and 10 samples in the town of Rinconada analyzed in a Milestone DM 80 equipment exclusively for mercury analysis; in the first block, aluminum (Al) was present in ranges from 7.79 to 66.2 mg/L; chromium (Cr) with a sample with 0.12 mg/L; iron (Fe) with ranges from 36.1 to 280 mg/L; mercury (Hg) with ranges from 0.0158 to 0.1301 mg/L; manganese (Mn) varying from 0.4004 to 6.5092 mg/L and nickel (Ni) with values between 0.2278 and 1.2148 mg/L, six samples except one present metals that exceed the environmental quality standards for irrigation and animal drink. In Rinconada, where more than 400 contractors operate, living with around 30,000 people; yielded results that vary between 0.0013 and 0.0188 mg/l for mercury, higher than those allowed according to national and international regulations; the results show the negative effects for the ecosystems and the health of the people of the environments., La minería de pequeña escala crece cada vez con mayor número de operadores en diferentes partes de mundo. La región Puno, en Perú, no escapa a esta tendencia; colateralmente los impactos negativos en los ecosistemas son cada vez mayores. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la presencia de metales pesados producidos por la actividad minera artesanal en las provincias de Sandia, Carabaya y San Antonio de Putina. Se tomaron siete muestras puntuales de agua próximas a las operaciones de las tres provincias, muestras que fueron evaluadas en un equipo de espectrometría de plasma (ICP); y diez muestras en el centro poblado de La Rinconada analizadas en un equipo Milestone DM 80 exclusivo para análisis de mercurio. En el primer grupo se presentaron aluminio (Al) en rangos de 7,79 hasta 66,2 mg/L; cromo (Cr) con una muestra con 0,12 mg/L; hierro (Fe) con rangos de 36,1 a 280 mg/L; mercurio (Hg) con rangos de 0,0158 a 0,1301 mg/L; manganeso (Mn) variando de 0,4004 a 6,5092 mg/L y níquel (Ni) con valores entre 0,2278 y 1,2148 mg/L. De seis muestras cinco presentan metales que superan los estándares de calidad ambiental para riego y bebida de animales. En La Rinconada, donde operan más de 400 contratistas que conviven con alrededor de 30,000 personas, los análisis arrojaron resultados que varían entre 0,0013 y 0,0188 mg/l para mercurio, superiores a los permisibles de acuerdo con la norma nacional e internacional.