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Objective: Breast cancer is related to numerous psychological challenges, so the way of coping with the illness and its consequences may influence the outcome of treatment. Also, while confronting the diagnosis individuals will use their own illness perception in order to evaluate the possibility of healing and that can affect different areas of their functioning. The aim was to examine the degree to which women with breast cancer perceived their illness as threatening, as well as to examine potential predictive power of illness perception on strategies of coping with illness (hopelessness and fighting spirit). Method: 102 patients (Mage = 58.64, SDage = 10.143), who were hospitalized at the Center for Oncology and Radiology, for treatment of previously diagnosed breast cancer (Mmonths = 19.07, SDmonths = 23.49), were included in the study. The instruments included sociodemographic questionnaire, medical records, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale. Results: Patients declared to use fighting spirit more than hopeless style of coping the illness. Model that included Illness perception, Metastasis and Treatment length predicted 16% of Fighting Spirit variance. Model that included Illness perception and Age predicted 39% of Hopelessness variance. Conclusion: Illness perception can predict the tendency to resort to hopelessness and there is a correlation between certain sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with hopelessness and fighting spirit coping styles., Objetivo: El cáncer de mama se asocia a una serie de cambios psicológicos, el modo de afrontamiento la enfermedad y sus consecuencias puede influir en el resultado del tratamiento. Además, al afrontar el diagnóstico las personas utilizarán su propia percepción de la enfermedad para evaluar la posibilidad de curación, lo que puede afectar diferentes aspectos de su funcionamiento. El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar el nivel en el que las mujeres con cáncer de mama perciben su enfermedad como amenaza, además de examinar el posible valor predictivo de la percepción de la enfermedad en las estrategias del afrontamiento con la enfermedad (desesperanza y espíritu de lucha). Método: 102 pacientes (Medad = 58,64; SDedad= 10,143) incluídos en la investigación, todos internados en el Centros de Oncología y Radioradio, para tratamiento (Mmonths = 19,07, SDmonths = 23,49) del cáncer mamario previamente diagnosticado. Los instrumentos incluyeron un cuestionario sociográfico, registros médicos, El Cuestionario Breve de Percepción de la Enfermedad y La Escala-Mini de Ajuste Mental al Cáncer. Resultados: Las pacientes afirmaron que utilizan más el espíritu combativo que la desesperación para afrontar la enfermedad. El modelo que incluía la percepción de la enfermedad, metástasis y duración del tratamiento pronosticó 16% de la divergencia del Espíritu Combativo. El modelo que incluía la percepción de la enfermedad y la edad pronosticó 39% de la divergencia de la desesperación. Conclusión: La percepción de la enfermedad puede pronosticar la tendencia hacia la desesperación; además, existe la relación entre ciertas características sociodemográficas y clínicas y ciertos mecanismos de afrontar la enfermedad, como son la desesperación o el espíritu combativo.

Uvod: Starenje je univerzalna pojava i kao takva pobuđuje opšti društveni interes. Sa aspekta neuronauka, starenje je predmet interesovanja zbog neurodegenerativnih promena koje mogu dovesti do promena u kognitivnom, psihološkom i fizičkom funkcionisanju. Razumevanje uzročno-posledičnih veza između deteriorirajućih mentalnih i fizičkih procesa, skopčanih sa starenjem, koji potencijalno mogu voditi ka gubljenju rezervnih kapaciteta odnosno nastanku fragilnosti, je od kritičnog značaja, pošto može pomoći u unapređenju preventivnih i terapeutskih strategija. Glavni cilj ove disertacije bio je da istraži međusobnu povezanost kognitivnog, emocionalnog, fizičkog funkcionisanja i navika u ishrani kod osoba starijeg životnog doba kao i povezanost ovih kategorija sa fizičkom aktivnošću i na taj način, bliže utvrdi karakteristike fragilnosti-staračke nemoći. Metode: Korelaciona, transverzalna studija u kojoj je učestvovalo 140 ispitanika starosne dobi od 65 i više godina, oba pola. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika, formirane su dve grupe prema kriterijumu bavljenja fizičkom aktivnošću. Kod ispitanika je utvrđivan indeks telesne mase (BMI). U istraživanju su korišćeni testovi i skale za ispitivanje kognitivnih funkcija: Montrealska skala kognicije (MoCA), Test „Idine idi (Go no go), Testovi kategorijalne i fonemske fluentnosti. Fizičkomotoričko funkcionisanje ispitano je upotrebom: Dinamometrijske metode stiska šake, testom Brzine hoda, Bergovom skalom balansa (BBS), Vremenskim „ustani i kreni“ test (TUG), Senior fitnes testom (SFT). Funkcija spavanja ispitana je Pitsburškim indeksom kvaliteta sna (PSQI), a prisustvo simptoma depresije Gerijatrijskom skalom depresije (GDS) - kratka forma. U istraživanju su upotrebljeni i: Upitnik za nutritivni skrining „DETERMINE“ kao i upitnici za identifikovanje fragilnosti i onesposobljenosti „FIND“ i Prizma 7. Rezultati: Fizički aktivni ispitanici imaju u proseku nešto niži BMI, i ova razlika je statistički značajna. Interkorelacije kognitivnih, Introduction: Aging is a universal phenomenon and as such, arouses general social interest. From the aspect of neuroscience, aging is a subject of interest, due to neurodegenerative changes that can lead to changes in cognitive, psychological and physical functioning. Understanding the cause-and-effect relationships between deteriorating mental and physical processes associated with aging, which can potentially lead to loss of reserve capacity or fragility, is critical, as it can help improve preventive and therapeutic strategies. The main goal of this dissertation was to investigate the interrelation of cognitive, emotional, physical functioning and nutritional habits in the elderly as well as the connection of these categories with physical activity and thus, to more closely determine the characteristics of senile frailty. Methods: Correlation, transversal study that included 140 subjects aged 65 and over, of both sexes. Out of the total number of subject, two groups were formed according to the criterion of engaging in physical activity. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated after measuring height and weight of subjects. The following tests and scales for assessment of cognitive functions were used: Montreal Cognition Scale (MoCA), Go-go test, Categorical and phonemic fluency tests. Physical-motor functioning was assessed using: Dynamometric methods of hand grip, Gait Speed test, Berg balance scale (BBS), Timed up and go test (TUG), Senior fitness test (SFT Questionnaires were also used in the research: Questionnaire for nutritional screening "DETERMINE" as well as questionnaires for identifying fragility and disability "FIND" and Prisma 7. Results: Physically active subjects have on average a slightly lower BMI, and this difference is statistically significant. The intercorrelations of the cognitive dimensions of the MoCA test (executive functions, language, visuospatial skills, memory, attention, concentration, working memory, and orientation) are positive, mode

Inflamatorna hipoteza u depresiji, postavljena pre dve decenije, ukazuje da kod pacijenata sa depresivnim poremećajem dolazi do promene nivoa citokina u cirkulaciji, ali dosadašnja istraţivanja nisu uspela da objasne razlike u nalazima koncentracija citokina u razliĉitim studijama kao ni koje karakteristike depresije dovode do njihovih alteracija. Novija saznanja ukazuju da su interleukin 6 (IL-6), kao predstavnik pro-inflamatornih citokina, i faktor transformacije rasta beta (TGF-β), sa kljuĉnom ulogom u diferencijaciji T regulatornih ćelija, ukljuĉeni u patofiziologiju pojave depresivnog poremećaja. Sa druge strane poznato je da zlostavljanje i zanemarivanje u detinjstvu moţe biti prediktor razvoja depresije kako kod dece tako i kod odraslih. Objedinjena analiza varijacija citokina kod osoba koje boluju od depresije a koje u liĉnom iskustvu imaju zlostavljanje u detinjstvu, je veoma redak podatak u dosadašnjim publikacijama. Ciljevi: (1)Analizirati razlike u serumskoj koncentraciji IL-6 i TGF-β kod pacijenata sa depresivnim poremećajem i kod zdravih kontrola i ispitati razlike u koncentraciji IL-6 i TGF-β izmeĊu razliĉitih kliniĉkih karakteristika kod osoba sa depresijom. (2) Ispitati postojanje povezanosti nivoa IL-6 i TGF-β kod pacijenata sa depresivnim poremećajem u odnosu na zlostavljanje i/ili zanemarivanje u deĉijem uzrastu. Metod: Istraţivanje je koncipirano po tipu studije preseka i studije sluĉajeva i kontrola. U studijsku grupu ukljuĉeno je 85 hospitalizovanih pacijenata Instituta za mentalno zdravlje (Beograd), starosti od 18 do 65 godina, kojima je postavljena kliniĉka dijagoza prve depresivne epizode ili rekurentnog depresivnog poremećaja. Kontrolna grupa je obuhvatila 71 zdravog dobrovoljca, koji su upareni po polu i godinama sa studijskom grupom. Od svih pacijenata prikupljene su sociodemografske i kliniĉke karakteristike. Svi pacijenti su ispitani Hamiltonovom skalom depresivnosti (HAMD), Hamiltonovom skalom anksioznosti, Bekovim upitnikom depresiv, Inflamatory hypothesis in depression, set two decades ago, is pointing that in patients with major depressive disorder there is change in circulating levels of various cytokines. Previous studies have not been able to explane differences in concentration of cytokines as well as the characteristics of depression, which lead to alteration. Recent findings indicate that interleukin 6 (IL-6), as representative of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and transforming growth factor –beta (TGF-β), with a crucial role in differentiation of regulatory T cells, are involved in pathogenesis of depressive disorder. On the other hand it is well known that child abuse and neglect can be a predictor of depression in both childhood and adolthood. Pooled analysis of variations of cytokine levels in patients with depression and with previous history of abuse and/or neglect in childhood period – is a rare finding in previous publications. Aim: (1) To analyze differences between serum concentrations of IL-6 and TGF-β in patients with major depresive disorder vs. healthy controls, and to investigate possible variationes of serum cytokine levels within difrent clinical features of depression. (2) Investigate possible corelations of IL- 6 and TGF-β concentrations in patients with major depresive disorder with relation to childhood abuse or/and neglect expiriences. Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study and a study of cases and controls. The study group included 85 patients hospitalized in Institute of Mental Health (Belgrade), which are diagnosed with first or recurrent depressive episode, aged from 18 to 65 years. The control group included 71 healthy volunteers who were matched by gender and age with the study group. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were gained from all patients. All patients were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The contro

Na nastanak depresije utiči brojni faktori među kojima su životni događaji, afektivno vezivanje („attachment“) u odnosu na roditelje i vršnjake, kao i dimenzije ličnosti adolescenata. Jedan od mogućih mehanizama kojima navedeni faktori deluju na nastanak depresije i suicidalnosti odnosi se na maladaptivnu emocionalnu regulaciju. Većina istraživanja u ovom domenu odnosi se na opštu populaciju, dok su podaci vezani za klinički izraženu depresiju adolescenata još uvek nepotpuni. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju razlike u negativnim životnim događajima, afektivnom vezivanju za roditelje i vršnjake, emocionalne regulacije i dimenzija ličnosti između tri grupe adolescenata - sa depresivnim poremećajem, sa drugim mentalnim poremećajima, i bez dijagnoze mentalnih poremećaja, kao i povezanost navedenih faktora sa suicidalnim fenomenima. Dodatni cilj bio je da se ispita medijatorska uloga emocionalne regulacije između navedenih faktora s jedne strane, i intenziteta depresivnosti i prisustva suicidalnosti s druge strane, uz kontrolu socio-demografskih korelata. Ovo opservaciono istraživanje (studija preseka) obavljeno je u Dnevnoj bolnici za adolescente Instituta za mentalno zdravlje, i uključilo je 240 starijih adolescenata (uzrasta od 18 do 24 godine) oba pola, i to: studijsku grupu od 80 adolescenata sa dijagnozom depresivnog poremećaja; psihijatrijsku kontrolnu grupu od 80 adolescenata sa drugim psihijatrijskia poremećajima; i 3) nepsihijatrijsku kontrolnu grupu (zdrave kontrole) od 80 studenata i učenika srednje škole bez psihijatrijskog poremećaja. Kao instrumenti istraživanja korišćeni su: Opšti upitnik, Upitnik o temperamentu i karakteru, revidirana verzija, Bekov upitnik za procenu depresivnosti, Upitnik o emocionalnoj regulaciji, Inventar afektivnog vezivanja prema roditeljima i vršnjacima i Inventar negativnih životnih događaja. Rezultati našeg istraživanja pokazali su da adolescenti sa depresivnim poremećajima imaju veći broj negativnih životnih događa, Studies have shown the impact of numerous factors on the occurrence and development of depressive disorders, including life events, attachment to parents and peers, and dimensions of personality in adolescents. One of the possible mechanisms by which these factors affect the onset of depression and suicidality refers to maladaptive emotional regulation. The majority of research in this domain refers to general population, while data related to clinical depression of adolescents is still incomplete. The aim of our research was to examine the differences in negative life events, attachment to parents and peers, emotional regulation and dimensions of personality among three groups of adolescents - with depressive disorder, with other mental disorders, and without the diagnosis of mental disorders, as well as associations of the mentioned factors with suicidal phenomena. An additional goal was to examine the mediator role of emotional regulation between the above factors and the severity of depression and the presence of suicidality, with the control of socio-demographic correlates. This observational study (cross-sectional study) was conducted at the Day Hospital for Adolescents at the Institute of Mental Health. It included 240 adolescents of both sexes, (ages 18 to 24), as follows: a study group of 80 adolescents with a diagnosis of depressive disorder; a psychiatric control group of 80 adolescents with other psychiatric disorders; and 3) nonpsychiatric control group (healthy controls) of 80 students and secondary school students without psychiatric disorders. The following research instruments were used: General questionnaire, Temperament and character questionnaire (revised), Beck's questionnaire for assessing depression, Questionnaire on emotional regulation, Attachment inventory to parents and peers, and Negative life events inventory. The results of our study have shown that adolescents with depressive disorder had more negative life events over the course of th

Istraživanja ukazuju da pored dimenzija ličnosti i stilova ranog vezivanja za roditelje u detinjstvu i disharmonični bračni odnosi mogu biti faktori rizika za razvoj depresije povezane sa roditeljstvom. U kliničkoj praksi zapaža se da sve veći broj parova dolazi na porodičnu terapiju u periodu tranzicije u roditeljstvo, kao i žena kojima je potreban medicinski tretman u periodu trudnoće i puerperijuma. Takav trend otvorio je mnoga etiološka, klinička i prognostička pitanja i dileme koje će biti predmet ovog rada. Ciljevi istraživanja su utvrđivanje povezanosti bazičnih dimenzija ličnosti, obrazaca emocionalne privrženosti u primarnoj porodici i percepcije kvaliteta partnerskog odnosa sa depresijom povezanom sa rođenjem deteta. U istraživanju su primenjeni sledeći instrumenti: Bekov inventar depresivnosti (Beck i sar., 1961) (koristi se kao mera samoprocene nivoa depresivnih simptoma); NEOPI- R (Costa i Mc Crae, 1992) (upinik samoprocene za određivanje pet bazičnih dimenzija ličnosti: Neuroticizam, Ekstroverzija, Otvorenost, Saradljivost i Savesnost; Inventar odnosa sa roditeljima (Parker i sar., 1979) (meri stilove roditeljstva retrospektivnom procenom od strane ispitanika); Skala za procenu dijadne prilagođenosti (Graham i Spanier, 1974) (upitnik za procenu prilagođenosti u partnerskom odnosu kao jedan od aspekata kvaliteta bračne relacije). Rezultati: na osnovu t testa nije utvrđeno postojanje razlike po grupama ni na jednom faktoru ličnosti između dveju grupa ispitanica. Na osnovu analize percepcije partnerskih relacija doživljaj partnerskih relacija u grupi depresija povezanih sa roditeljstvom je nešto bolji nego u grupi depresija nepovezanih sa roditeljstvom. Konkretnije, zadovoljstvo i doživljaj zajedništva bili su bolji u grupi depresija povezanih sa roditeljstvom, dok u proceni konsenzusa sa partnerom i međusobne razmene nije bilo razlika između grupa..., Research studies indicate that apart from personality dimensions and styles of early parent-child ties marital disharmonious relationships may be risk factors for the development of depression associated to parenting. It is evident from clinical practice that an increasing number of couples seek family therapy in the period of transition to parenting, but also women who need medical treatment during the period of pregnancy and puerperium. This trend has opened numerous etiological, clinical and prognostic questions and dilemmas that will be the subject of the present research. The objectives of this research were to determine the connections between basic personality dimensions, patterns of emotional attachments in primary family and perceptions of the quality of partner relationships with depression associated with childbirth. The following instruments were used: Beck’s Depression Inventory (Beck et al, 1961) was used to measure self-assessment of the level of depression symptoms, NEO-PI-R (Costa and McCrae, 1992) self-descriptive questionnaire for measuring five basic personality dimensions: Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Cooperativeness and Conscientiousness. The inventory of parental bonding (Parker, Tupling and Brown, 1979) was used to measure the styles of parenting by patients’ retrospective assessment; the Dyadic Adjustment Assessment Scale (Graham Spanier, 1974) is the questionnaire for the assessment of adjustment in partner relationship as one of the aspects of the quality of marital relationship. Results: Based on the t-test no difference was determined between the two groups of female participantes according to any of personality factor. Based on the analyses of perception of partner relationships, the perception of partner relationships in the group of depressions associated with parenting is slightly better than among the group of depressions that are not associated with parenting...

The aim of this research was to examine the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions in special education teachers and correlations with some socio-demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and levels of assertiveness. The research included 225 special education teachers from Serbia (82% were women, 18% were men, with the average age of 42.51 +/- 9.23 years). Research instruments included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. There were differences in all burnout dimensions in relation to types of students' special needs. Higher levels of burnout symptoms were observed in teachers working with children with motor skill disorders. The assertiveness scores had a significant negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and a positive correlation with a lack of accomplishment. The results obtained may help in the planning of the adequate preventative measures for improving the mental health of those professionals.

The aim of this research was to examine the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions in special education teachers and correlations with some socio-demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and levels of assertiveness. The research included 225 special education teachers from Serbia (82% were women, 18% were men, with the average age of 42.51 +/- 9.23 years). Research instruments included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. There were differences in all burnout dimensions in relation to types of students' special needs. Higher levels of burnout symptoms were observed in teachers working with children with motor skill disorders. The assertiveness scores had a significant negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and a positive correlation with a lack of accomplishment. The results obtained may help in the planning of the adequate preventative measures for improving the mental health of those professionals.

The aim of this research was to examine the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions in special education teachers and correlations with some socio-demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and levels of assertiveness. The research included 225 special education teachers from Serbia (82% were women, 18% were men, with the average age of 42.51 +/- 9.23 years). Research instruments included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. There were differences in all burnout dimensions in relation to types of students' special needs. Higher levels of burnout symptoms were observed in teachers working with children with motor skill disorders. The assertiveness scores had a significant negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and a positive correlation with a lack of accomplishment. The results obtained may help in the planning of the adequate preventative measures for improving the mental health of those professionals.

The aim of this research was to examine the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions in special education teachers and correlations with some socio-demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and levels of assertiveness. The research included 225 special education teachers from Serbia (82% were women, 18% were men, with the average age of 42.51 +/- 9.23 years). Research instruments included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. There were differences in all burnout dimensions in relation to types of students' special needs. Higher levels of burnout symptoms were observed in teachers working with children with motor skill disorders. The assertiveness scores had a significant negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and a positive correlation with a lack of accomplishment. The results obtained may help in the planning of the adequate preventative measures for improving the mental health of those professionals.

The aim of this research was to examine the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions in special education teachers and correlations with some socio-demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and levels of assertiveness. The research included 225 special education teachers from Serbia (82% were women, 18% were men, with the average age of 42.51 +/- 9.23 years). Research instruments included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. There were differences in all burnout dimensions in relation to types of students' special needs. Higher levels of burnout symptoms were observed in teachers working with children with motor skill disorders. The assertiveness scores had a significant negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and a positive correlation with a lack of accomplishment. The results obtained may help in the planning of the adequate preventative measures for improving the mental health of those professionals.

The aim of this research was to examine the levels of burnout syndrome dimensions in special education teachers and correlations with some socio-demographic characteristics, job characteristics, and levels of assertiveness. The research included 225 special education teachers from Serbia (82% were women, 18% were men, with the average age of 42.51 +/- 9.23 years). Research instruments included Maslach Burnout Inventory, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. There were differences in all burnout dimensions in relation to types of students' special needs. Higher levels of burnout symptoms were observed in teachers working with children with motor skill disorders. The assertiveness scores had a significant negative correlation with emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and a positive correlation with a lack of accomplishment. The results obtained may help in the planning of the adequate preventative measures for improving the mental health of those professionals.

Procena socijalne kognicije i neurokognicije u neurorazvojnim bolestima i endogenim psihozama je od fundamentalnog značaja u rasvetljavanju kognitivnih i bioloških osnova bolesti. Istraživanje ima za cilj poređenje neurokognitivnih i sociokognitivnih performansi bolesnika sa shizofrenojom i bipolarnim afektivnim poremećajem, markiranje interkorelacije psihopatologije i stepena kognitivnog oštećenja, kao i ispitivanje uticaja kognitivnih deficita na funkcionalni ishod. Istraživanje je dizajnirano kao neinterventna komparativna klinička studija preseka, koja je uključila bolesnike sa shizofrenijom (30) i bipolarnim afektivnim poremećajem (31) i zdrave kontrole (31) odgovarajućeg uzrasta i pola. Shizofreni bolesnici procenjivani su primenom Skale pozitivnih i negativnih simptoma. U grupi bolesnika sa bipolarnim poremećajem primenjena je Jangova skala manije i Hamiltonova skala depresije. Kod sve tri grupe ispitanika procenjivan je neurokognitivni status upotrebom Mini Mental State Examination, Go/No-Go testa i Trail Making testa B. Sociokognitivni status procenjivan je primenom Foux Pas Test i Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. Testovi socijalne kognicije su prevedeni i adaptirani za srpsku populaciju u okviru validacione strudije koja je obuhvatila ukupno 336 ispitanika, kako iz opšte tako i iz kliničke populacije. Poddomeni funkcionalnog ishoda procenjivani su primenom upitnika Svetske zdravstvene organizacije o kvalitetu života i skale globalnog funkcionisanja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da bolesnici za shizofrenijom i bipolarnim afektivnim poremećajem imaju kognitivne deficite i tokom perioda remisije osnovne bolesti. Stepen neurokognitivnog deficita je veći u grupi shizofrenih bolesnika. Subklinička patologija pokazalo se ima značajan uticaj na kognitivne performanse. Funkcionalni ishod i kvalitet života u obe ispitivane grupe korelišu sa kognitivnim postignućima. Adaptacije testova socijalne kognicije na srpskom jeziku imaju dobru pouzdanost. Homogenost neur, The assessment of social cognitive and neurocognitive disorders in neurodevelopmental diseases and endogenous psychoses tends to be fundamental to elucidating both the cognitive and the biological basis of the specific disease. The aim of this study is to compare the neurocognitive and the social cognitive performance exhibited by schizophrenia patients and bipolar affective disorder patients, analyze the inter-correlation structure between psychopathology and the degree of cognitive impairment, and examine the impact of cognitive deficits on the functional outcome. The study was designed as a non-interventional comparative cross-sectional clinical study comprising schizophrenia patients (30), bipolar affective disorder patients (31) and 31 age/gender-matched healthy controls. Schizophrenic patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). In the group involving bipolar affective disorder patients, the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) were applied. In each of the three groups of subjects, the neurocognitive status was evaluated using the MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination, the Go / No-Go Test and the TMT-B Trail Making Test. The social cognitive status was evaluated using the Faux Pas Test and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The respective social cognitive tests were translated and adapted for the Serbian population within the scope of the validation study which included a total of 336 subjects, from both general and clinical population. Sub-domains of functional outcomes were assessed using the World Health Organization's Questionnaire on the Quality of Life (WHOQOL) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale applied accordingly. The results of the present study demonstrate that patients suffering from both schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder tend to exhibit cognitive deficits during the underlying disease remission period. The degree of neurocognitive defici

Naučnu opravdanost ovo istraživanje nalazi u činjenici da je suicidologija kao naučna disciplina usmerena ka integraciji različitih teorijski uobličenih stanovišta. Fenomen je sam po sebi kompleksan i teško istraživ i kod naučne analize pokušanih, a naročito u oblasti izvršenih samoubistava (metoda psihološke autopsije). Ovo istraživanje daje doprinos razjašnjenju otvorenih pitanja o uticaju društvenih faktora na suicid. Rad afirmiše multidimenzionalnost u pristupu i analizi suicida sa ciljem potpunijeg razumevanja suicidogenih faktora koji utiču na genezu suicidalnog ponašanja. Društvena opravdanost istraživanja posebno je značajna u kontekstu razvoja društvene krize koja je u našoj zemlji eskalirala u poslednjoj deceniji dvadesetog veka. Od posebnog interesa je izučavanje faktora koji su doveli do znatnijih kolebanja stope samoubistava u ovom periodu. Ovako dobijeni podaci su od velikog značaja za razvoj savetodavnih aktivnosti, osnivanje centara za intervencije u krizi i programa za psihološku, profesionalnu i širu socijalnu podršku, odnosno na sve aktivnosti koje su usmerene na sprečavanje samoubilačkog čina. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje i provera relevantnih činjenica vezanih za promene suicidalnog ponašanja u odnosu na vid društvene krize. U istraživanju je korišćen metod psihološke autopsije osoba koje su izvršile samoubistvo na teritoriji opštine Banja Luka. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene okolnosti u kojima je samoubistvo učinjeno, koristila se postojeća medicinska dokumentacija i drugi materijalni podaci koji su sadržavali podatke o ličnom, porodičnom, profesionalnom i širem psiho-socijalnom funkcionisanju samoubice. Studija je ukazala na porast stope samoubistva u periodima društvenih kriza, kao i na to da je specifičnost suicidalnog čina u različitim oblicima društvenih kriza različita. Sa prolaskom društvene krize stopa suicida pada, ali tek nakon latentnog perioda. Značaj ove studije je što definiše povezanost društvenih kriza i izvršenih suicida, The scientific validity of this study is based on the fact that suicidology as a scientific discipline is directed towards integration of various theoretically shaped aspects. The phenomenon itself is complex and there is a lack of analysis of attempted and in particular committed suicides (method of psychological autopsy). This study contributes to the clarification of open questions about the effect of social factors on suicide. Additionally, this work confirms that multidimensionality is required in access and analysis of suicides with the aim of complete understanding of the factors causing suicide and those that affect the genesis of suicidal behavior. The social validity of this study is extremely significant in the context of development of the social crisis, which escalated in the last decade of XX century in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results are of importance for advisory activities, developing and establishing centers for intervention in crisis, programs for psychological, professional and wider social support, and all activities that are directed towards prevention of suicidal acts. The aim of this research was to determine and ascertain relevant facts associated with changes in suicidal behavior relative to the aspect of social crisis. Psychological autopsy of people who committed suicide on the territory of Banja Luka was performed in this study. The circumstances under which the suicides were committed were taken into consideration, as well as the existing medical documentation and the additional material data that contained the data about personal, familial, professional and broader psycho-social functioning of the person that committed suicide. The study revealed that the suicide rate in time periods of social crisis was higher. In addition, the specificity of the suicide act in various forms of social crisis was different. Finally, with the passing of the social crisis the suicide rate decreased, but only after a latent period. The importance of t

Kod postojećih mašina i uređaja za transportovanje čvrste mase pomoću oscilatornih platformi, osnovni zahtevi koje treba ispuniti u toku rada jesu: maksimalan transport, maksimalno razbijanje (usitnjavanje) i maksimalna separacija (izdvajanje) pojedinih komponenetnih sastojaka iz čvrste mase. Poznata je činjenica da je vlažnost zemljišne mase w iskazana u % jedan od najuticajnijih faktora od koga zavise njen transport, separacija i proseja-vanje kroz rešetku (sito) oscilatorne platforme. Najbolji radni efekti postižu se pri radu sa suvom i mekom zemljom bez prisustva čvrstih grudvi. Takva zemljana masa korišćena je u toku eksperimentalne faze istraživanja, koju je autor disertacije realizovao na prototipu oscilatorne platforme na Tehničkom fakultetu u Čačku i na Institutu za krompir u Guči, za vreme izrade svog magistarskog rada 1995. godine [1]. Pod takvim okolnostima platforma je uvek besprekorno obavljala predviđenu radnu funkciju. Međutim, iskustvo iz eksploatacije stečeno u protekle dve decenije pokazalo je da problemi u radu oscilatorne platforme nastupaju nakon obilnih kiša, tj. onda kada se vlažnost zemlje w jako poveća. Tada je efekat transporta i separacije najslabiji, zbog lepljenja vlažne zemlje za raonik koji je u tom slučaju veoma teško podkopava. U pojedinim ekstremnim slučajevima, dolazilo je i do potpunog onemogućavanja rada platforme. Od početka šezdesetih godina prošlog veka, veći broj autora u svetu bavio se konkretnom problematikom povećanja radne sposobnosti platformi, mahom namenjenih za sitnozrnaste i suve materijale. Teorijske osnove rada ovakvih platformi mogu se naći u odgovarajućoj literaturi [2, 3, 4]. Njihovi fizički modeli imali su svoj razvojni - dijalektički put i to počev od najjed-nostavnijih sa jednom ili dve mase međusobno povezane elastičnim vezama [5, 6], pa do najsloženijih modela kod kojih je izvršena optimizacija najuticajnijih radnih parametara [7, 8, 9, 10]. Međutim, svi navedeni modeli odnose se uglavnom na transportovanj, For existing machines and devices for transporting solid mass using oscillatory platforms, the basic requirements that must be met during operation are: maximal transportation, maximal breaking (fragmentation) and maximal separation (segregation) of each component from the solid mass. It is known a fact that the humidity of the land mass w expressed in % is one of the most influential factors from which depends its transportation, separation and sieving through the grille (sieve) of oscillatory platform. The best working effects are achieved when working with dry and soft earth without the presence of solid pieces. Such land mass was used during the experimental phase of the research, which the author of the dissertation realized on the prototype of oscillatory platform at the Technical Faculty in Čačak and at the Institute of potato in Guča, during the drafting his MA thesis in 1995. [1]. Under such circumstances, the platform was always perfectly performed anticipated operating function. However, the experience acquired from the exploitation in the past two decades has shown that problems in the work of oscillatory platforms appear after heavy rains, i.e. when the soil moisture w is greatly increased. Then the effect of transportation and separation is the weakest, due to sticking moist earth for ploughshare, because the ploughshare in this case a very hard to undermines moist eart. In some extreme cases, occurred a complete disabling work of the platform. Since the beginning of the sixties the last century, great number of authors in the world dealt with the specific problems of increasing the working abilities of platforms, mainly intended for fine-grained and dry materials. Theoretical basis of operation of these platforms can be found in the relevant literature [2, 3, 4]. Their physical models had their developmental-dialectical trend starting from the simplest with one or two masses interconnected by elastic connections [5, 6], to the most complex models whic

"Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test (RMET) is one of the most popular and widely used measures of individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities. Despite demonstrating good validity in differentiating various clinical groups exhibiting ToM deficits from unimpaired controls, previous studies raised the question of the RMET's homogeneity, latent structure, and reliability. The aim of this study is to provide evidence on psychometric properties, latent structure, and validity of the newly adapted Serbian version of the RMET. In total, 260 participants (61.9% females) took part in the study. The sample consisted of both unimpaired controls (76.5%), and a clinical group of participants that are believed to demonstrate ToM deficits (23.5%), namely, persons diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (54.1% females). RMET has demonstrated fair psychometric properties (KMO=.723; alpha=.747; H1=.076; H5=.465), successfully differentiating between clinical group and control [F (1,254)=26.175, p lt . 001, eta(2)(p) =.093], while typical gender differences in performance were found only in control group. Tests of several models based on the previous literature revealed that the affect-specific factors underlying performance on RMET demonstrate poor fit. The best fitting model obtained included reduced scale with a single-factor underlying the test's performance (TLI=.953, CFI=.958, RMSEA=.020). Based on the fit parameters we propose 18-item short-form of the Serbian version of RMET (KMO=.797; alpha=.728; H1=.129; H5=.677) for economic, reliable and valid measurement of ToM abilities.

Certain authors describe some professions in the healthcare industry as the more susceptible ones to developing a burnout syndrome, while others suggest psychosocial aspects of the workplace as the primary cause in its creation, but not the aspects of the job itself. The main objective of the research was to investigate which specific factors were associated with the burnout syndrome among professionals working in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and marketing. The study was conducted in June of 2016 as a cross-sectional study and it included 75 university educated professionals from the area of pharmaceutical industry and marketing employed in several local as well as internationally renowned pharmaceutical companies located in Belgrade. The participants were surveyed anonymously. The instruments used in the study were: a general socio-demographic questionnaire, an assertiveness self-evaluation questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. An analysis of the responses in the burnout syndrome self-evaluation questionnaires showed that the highest level of burnout was expressed through reduced personal accomplishment (53%). The average assertiveness scores were the lowest in the individuals who demonstrated the highest level of emotional exhaustion (p=0.003), depersonalization (p=0.004), and the highest inefficiency on professional accomplishment scale (p=0.001). A statistically significant difference was observed in frequency and extent of emotional exhaustion with respect to respondents' gender (x2=10.779; p lt 0.05), as well as the line of business (x2=6.493; p lt 0.05). Levels of depersonalization are influenced by: line of work (x2=5.393; p lt 0.05), age (p=0.004), total years of service (p=0.009) and years of service in the profession (p=0.006). A sense of reduced personal accomplishment is influenced by a respondents' profession (x2=10.922; p lt 0.05) and line of business (x2=7.283; p lt 0.05). The results obtained in this study might help in identifyi, Pojedini autori navode da su neke profesije u oblasti zdravstvene delatnosti podložnije razvoju sindroma izgaranja, dok drugi sugerišu da karakteristike samog posla nisu najznačajniji uzročnici izgaranja na radu, već da primarnu ulogu u njegovom nastanku imaju psihosocijalni aspekti radnog mesta. Osnovni cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita koji su faktori povezani sa sindromom izgaranja kod zaposlenih u farmaceutskoj industriji i marketingu. Ovo istraživanje je sprovedeno tokom juna 2016. godine kao studija preseka i obuhvatilo je 75 visokoobrazovanih profesionalaca iz domena farmaceutske industrije i marketinga, zaposlenih u nekoliko domaćih i renomiranih međunarodnih farmaceutskih kompanija sa teritorije Beograda. Anketiranje je bilo anonimno. Kao instrumenti istraživanja korišćeni su opšti sociodemografski upitnik, upitnik za samoprocenu nivoa asertivnosti i Maslač inventar izgaranja (eng. Maslach Burnout Inventory). Analiza odgovora iz upitnika za samoprocenu sindroma izgaranja pokazala je da se najviši stepen izgaranja ispoljava u dimenziji umanjenog ličnog postignuća 53%. Prosečne vrednosti asertivnosti bile su najmanje kod osoba sa najvišim nivoom emocionalne iscrpljenosti (p=0,003), depersonalizacije (p=0,004) i najvišim nivoom neefikasnosti na skali profesionalnog postignuća (p=0,001). Statistički značajna razlika pronađena je u zastupljenosti i izraženosti emocionalne iscrpljenosti u odnosu na pol ispitanika (x2=10,779; p lt 0,05) i oblast rada (x2=6,493; p lt 0,05). Na izraženost depersonalizacije utiču oblast rada (x2=5,393; p lt 0,05), godine starosti (p=0,004), ukupan radni staž (p=0,009) i radni staž u struci (p=0,006). Na osećaj umanjenog ličnog postignuća bitno utiču profesija (x2=10,922; p lt 0,05) i oblast rada (x2=7,283; p lt 0,05). Dobijeni rezultati mogli bi pomoći u identifikaciji rizičnih grupa za razvoj sindroma izgaranja među profesionalcima iz domena farmaceutske industrije i marketinga, kao i boljem sagledavanju značaja interpersonalnog

"Reading the Mind in the Eyes" test (RMET) is one of the most popular and widely used measures of individual differences in Theory of Mind (ToM) capabilities. Despite demonstrating good validity in differentiating various clinical groups exhibiting ToM deficits from unimpaired controls, previous studies raised the question of the RMET's homogeneity, latent structure, and reliability. The aim of this study is to provide evidence on psychometric properties, latent structure, and validity of the newly adapted Serbian version of the RMET. In total, 260 participants (61.9% females) took part in the study. The sample consisted of both unimpaired controls (76.5%), and a clinical group of participants that are believed to demonstrate ToM deficits (23.5%), namely, persons diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (54.1% females). RMET has demonstrated fair psychometric properties (KMO=.723; alpha=.747; H1=.076; H5=.465), successfully differentiating between clinical group and control [F (1,254)=26.175, p lt . 001, eta(2)(p) =.093], while typical gender differences in performance were found only in control group. Tests of several models based on the previous literature revealed that the affect-specific factors underlying performance on RMET demonstrate poor fit. The best fitting model obtained included reduced scale with a single-factor underlying the test's performance (TLI=.953, CFI=.958, RMSEA=.020). Based on the fit parameters we propose 18-item short-form of the Serbian version of RMET (KMO=.797; alpha=.728; H1=.129; H5=.677) for economic, reliable and valid measurement of ToM abilities.

Uvod : Shizofrenija kao mentalno oboljenje nosi povišen suicidalni rizik. Depresija u shizofreniji daje poseban aspekt u proučavanju suicidalnih faktora. Cilj: Istraživanje karakteristika emocionalnog profila i kliničke forme shizofrenije kao prediktora depresivnosti i mogućeg suicidalnog rizika u shizofreniji. Metod : Studija je dizajnirana kao slučaj-kontrola studija preseka koja uključuje pacijenate sa dijagnozom shizofrenije F20 po ICD-10 kriterijumima, u fazi inicijalne remisije ( CGI-I skor 2 ili 1), starosne dobi od 18 do 60 godina, na lečenju u Klinici za psihijatrijske bolesti “ Dr Laza Lazarević“. Grupu slučaj čine N = 53 pacijeta sa depresijom i suicidalnim rizikom u shizofreniji, a grupu kontrola N = 159 pacijenta sa shizofrenijom bez depresije i suicidalnog rizika.Instrumenti istraživanja su: CDSS za potvrdu depresije i suicidalnog rizika u shizofreniji, PANSS, PIE –JRS za utvđivanje emoconalnog profila i semistrukturisani intervju za prikupljanje dodatnih podataka. Rezultati :1. Intenzitet negativnih simptoma shizofrenije je značajno veći kod pacijenata koji ispoljavaju depresivnost i suicidalni rizik u fazi inicijalne remisije. 2.Emocionalni profil ličnosti pacijenata sa depresijom i suicidalnim rizikom u shizofreniji ima povišen skor na dimenzijama lišenost, agresivnost, odbacivanje, a niske skorove na dimenzijama zaštita, inkorporacija i reprodukcija. 3. Rad na boljoj psihofarmakoterapijskoj komplijansi i psihoedukaciji pacijenata obolelih od shizofrenije i njihove porodice umanjuje rizik od razvoja depresije u shizofreniji i smanjuje suicidalni rizik. Zaključak : Multiplim logističkim modelom kao prediktori depresivnosti i suicidalnog rizika izdvojeni su : dominacija negativnog sindroma i loša psihofarmakoterapijska kompijansa. Konstelacija dokazanog povišenog depresivnog potencijala i suicidalni rizika nameće potrebu primene preventivnih mera., Introduction : As a mental illness, schizophrenia carries an increased suicide risk. The depression in schizophrenia presents a special aspect of the study of suicidal factors. Aim : The study of the characteristics of the emotional profile and clinical form of schizophrenia as a predictor of the depression and possible suicidal risk in schizophrenia. Method : The study was designed as a case-control and cross-section study, involving patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia F20, according to ICD-10 criteria, in the initial stage of remission (CGI-I score of 2 or 1), aged 18 to 60 and treated at the Clinic for psychiatric diseases, "Dr Laza Lazarević". The case group was consisted of N = 53 patients with the depression and suicidal risk in schizoprenia and the control group of N = 159 patients with schizophrenia without the depression and suicidal risk. Survey instruments were: CDSS to confirm the depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia, PANSS, PIE-JRS to determine the emotional profile and semi-structured interviews to gather additional data. Results : 1) The intensity of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia is significantly higher in patients who exhibit the depression and suicide risk in the stage of initial remission. 2) Emotional profile of the patients’ personality with the depression and suicidal risk in schizophrenia has increased scores in the dimensions of deprivation, aggression, rejection, and low scores in the dimensions of protection, incorporation and reproduction. 3) Work on better psychopharmacotherapy compliance and psychoeducation of patients with schizophrenia and their families reduces the risk of depression in schizophrenia and the suicide risk. Conclusion : In multiple logistic model the following was singled out as predictors of depression and suicidal risk: predominance of the negative syndrome and poor compliance with psychopharmacotherapy. The constellation of the proven increased depressive potential and suicidal risk necessitat

Deinstitucionalizacija i zdravstvene reforme u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja moraju obuhvatiti i forenzičke pacijente, a istraživanja u ovoj oblasti mogu biti značajna za implementaciju ovih reformi. Ispitivanu grupu (EG) sačinjavali su ispitanici hospitalizovani u periodu od godinu dana sa recidivom kriminogenosti. Kontrolna grupa (KG) sastojala se od ispitanika kriminogenog ponašanja bez recidiva kriminogenosti. Pacijenti dveju grupa lečeni su u Psihijatriskoj bolnici u Demir Hisaru, u Makedoniji. Ciljevi:1. Ispitati rizik od recidiva kriminogenosti kod pacijenata sa kriminogenim ponašanjem u ispitivanoj i u kontrolnoj grupi. 2. Utvrditi vezu između recidiva kriminogenosti i dijagnostičkih entiteta po MKB- 10 (Međunarodna klasifikacija bolesti-deseta revizija) klasifikaciji kod pacijenata ispitivane grupe. 3. Utvrditi važnost u razlici između EEG promena kod pacijenata dveju grupa. 4. Ispitati odnos između EEG nalaza i dijagnostičkih entiteta dveju grupa. 5. Utvrditi značajnost razlike u rezultatima psiholoških testiranja pacijenata dveju grupa. 6. Ispitan je odnos između faktora rizika pojave recidiva kriminogenosti kod pacijenata dveju grupa. Rezultati: 1. Rezultati Vilkoksonovog (Wilcoxon) testa ranga otkrio je statistički značajni uticaj izvršenog krivičnog dela i određene dijagnoze u KG. 2. Vilkoksonov test ranga otkrio je statistički značajni uticaj izvršenih EEG nalaza na abnormalnost i određene dijagnoze u EG i u KG. 3. Rezultati analize varijanse pokazuju da se grupa ispitanika u EG značajno razlikuje u svim skalama MMPI-201 od grupe ispitanika u KG. 4. Rezultat Vilkoksonovog testa ranga otkrio je statistički značajni uticaj psihološkog testiranja crteža ljudske figure na određivanje dijagnoze i u EG i u KG. 5. Postoji značajna razlika između faktora rizika od recidiva kriminogenosti u detinjstvu i u odraslom dobu u dijagnozi po MKB-10 klasifikaciji u EG. Zaključci: 1. Što je duže trajanje prve hospitalizacije, to je veći uticaj da se izvrše razmatrana krivi, Deinstitutionalization and health reforms in area of mental health ought to cover forensic patients and research in this area can be important for the implementation of these reforms. The studied group (EG) consisted of subjects hospitalized for a period of one year with recidiv criminogenicity. The control group (KG) consisted of patients without recidiv of criminal behavior criminogenicity. Patients of both groups were treated in a Psychiatric Hospital in Demir Hisar, R. Macedonia. Goals: 1. То examine the risk of recidiv in patient’s criminogenicity with criminal behavior in the study and the control group. 2. To establish a link between the recidiv criminogenicity and diagnostic entities by ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases – 10th revision) classification of patients studied groups. 3.To find significance in the difference between the EEG changes in patients of both groups. 4. To examine the relationship between EEG findings and diagnostic entities of the two groups. 5. To find significant differences in the results of psychological testing of patients of the two groups. 6. To examine the relationship between risk factors criminogenicity recidiv in patients of both groups. Results: 1.The result of Wilcoxon rank test revealed a statistically significant impact of the crime and the specific diagnosis of the KG. 2.Wilcoxon rank test revealed a statistically significant impact on the performed EEG abnormalities and specific diagnosis of EG and the KG. 3. Analysis of variance showed that the group of respondents in the EG significantly different in all scales of the MMPI- 201 of groups of subjects in KG. 4. The result of Wilcoxon rank test revealed a statistically significant effect of psychological testing of human figure drawings in the diagnosis and determine the EG and the KG. 5. There is a significant difference between the risk factors for recidiv criminogenicity in childhood and in adulthood in the diagnosis of the ICD-10 classification of EG. C

Delirijum je akutni ili subakutni, najčešće reverzibilni sindrom oštećenja viših kortikalnih funkcija koji se ispoljava kao generalizovani poremećaj. Povezan je sa lošim kratkoročnim (porast bolničkog mortaliteta i broja bolničkih dana) i dugoročnim ishodima (disfunkcionalnost, institucionalizacija, kognitivna oštećenja i demencija nakon otpusta iz bolnice).Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bilu su : otkriti ili utvrditi faktore rizika za smrtnost pacijenata sa dijagnozom delirijuma hospitalizovanih u jedinici intenzivne psihijatrijske nege, ustanoviti eventualne neusklađenosti lečenja delirijuma sa preporukama vodiča dobre kliničke prakse i formirati celovito objašnjenje geneze neusklađenosti na osnovu kojeg se mogu planirati korektivne mere, prevesti skalu za ranu detekciju delirijuma i sprovesti ispitivanje njene pouzdanosti sa transkulturalnom validacijom. Godine starosti, prethodno dijagnostikovan sekundarni kognitivni deficit , prethodno prisustvo psihotičnog poremećaja, prisustvo inflamatornog sindroma, akutno pogoršanje renalne funkcije i dehidratacija su faktori rizika za smrtnost pacijenata sa dijagnozom delirijuma u jedinici intenzivne psihijatrijske nege. Kliničari delirijum najčešće shvataju kao stanje koje odgovara opisu njegove tzv. hiperaktivne forme, propuštajući tako da ga na vreme prepoznaju i leče.Srpski prevod CAM-ICU, skale za ranu detekciju delirijuma u jedinici intenzivne nege je pouzdan, ima visoku interrejtersku relijabilnost, validan je, senzitivan i visoko specifičan.Ovi rezultati omogućiće podizanje stepena svesti o značaju prevencije delirijuma, što će dovesti do smanjenja stope loših ishoda i snižavanja troškova lečenja., Delirium is an acute or subacute, usually reversibly syndrome of higher cortical function disturbances, manifested as generalized disorder. It is associated with bad short-term outcomes (higher mortality rate and longer hospitalization) and long-term outcomes (dysfunctionality, institutionalization, cognitive impairments and dementia after discharge). The aims of this study were: to find and determine the risk factors for mortality of the patients with delirium in psychiatry intensive care units, to determine possible incompatibilities of treatment of delirium with the recommendations in the guides of good clinical practice and thus form a comprehensive explanation of the genesis of this incompatibility based on which corrective measures could be planned, to translate the scale for early detection of delirium and assess the applicability of this instrument in the Serbian speaking area and cultural milieu. The age, previously diagnosed cognitive impairment, previously present psychosis, inflammatory syndrome, acute worsening of renal function and dehydratation are the risk factors for mortality of the delirious patients in psychiatry intensive care unit. Clinicians usually think delirium is just its hyperactive form, and thus fail to recognize and treat it timely. The Serbian translation of the CAM-ICU, the scale for early detection of delirium in intensive care units, is reliable, has a high inter-rater reliability, it is valid, sensitive and highly specific. These results will enable raising awareness of the importance of prevention of delirium in order to decrease bad outcome rates and reduce treatment costs. AB

Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrdi anterogradni efekat elektrokonvulzivne terapije (EKT) na kognitivne i mnestičke funkcije upotrebom odabranih testova iz Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), kod osoba sa depresijom (major depresivni poremećaj – MDP). Ispitanici su hospitalno lečeni u Klinici za psihijatriju Vojnomedicinske akademije. EKT je bio indikovan jer su prethodno ovi ispitanici imali nezadovoljavajući terapijski odgovor na najmanje dva različita antidepresiva (ispunjavaju kriterijume terapijske rezistencije). Ukupno 30 osoba sa dijagnozom MDP, tretirano je EKT uporedo sa njihovom prethodnom medikamentoznom terapijom. Procene afektivnog statusa vršene su instrumentima kliničke procene: Hamiltonova skala za procenu depresivnosti (HAMD), Skala depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-42) i Skala opšteg kliničkog utiska (CGI), dok je za opšte ispitivanje kognitivnog statusa korišćena Mala skala procene mentalnog stanja (MMSE). Za precizniju procenu pojedinih aspekata kognitivnog statusa - memorije i egzekutivnih funkcija, rađeni su neuropsihološki testovi: Odloženo sparivanje prema uzorku - Delayed matching to sample (DMS), Učenje parova - Paired associates learning (PAL), Prostorna rekognicija - Spatial recognition memory (SRM), Figuralna rekognicija - Pattern recognition memory (PRM) i Test planiranja i radne memorije - One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (SOC). Isptivanja su rađena prospektivno, u tri etape: pre početka primene EKT (T0), neposredno po završetku serije EKT (T1) i mesec dana nakon EKT (T2). Rezultati su diskutovani u svetlu različitih podataka u vezi efikasnosti EKT u lečenju major depresije, kao i u vezi efekta EKT na kognivne i mnestičke funkcije. Rezultati istraživanja su sadržani u sledećim zaključcima: 1. Elektorkonvulzivna terapija je efikasan tretman za lečenje major depresivnog poremećaja. 2. Tokom lečenja elektrokonvulzivnom terapijom nisu zabležena pogoršanja u kognitivnim i mnestičkim funkcijama. 3. Deficit, The aim of this study was to evaluate the anterograde effect of bitemporal electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on cognitive and mnestic functions using tests selected from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), in persons with major depressive disorder - MDD. The patients were hospitalized at the Department of Psychiatry, Military Medical Academy, after unsatisfactory responses to at least two different antidepressants (they fulfilled the criteria for treatment resistance), thus the indication for ECT was met. Thirty patients diagnosed with treatment resistant major depression, were treated with ECT, in paralel with psychopharmacotherapy based on the doctors’ choice. Clinical evaluation was done using the following rating scales: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42), Clinical global impression scale (CGI), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for general examination of the cognitive status. To assess specific aspects of the cognitive status i.e. memory and executive functions, following neuropsychological tests were used: Delayed matching to sample (DMS), Paired associate learning (PAL), Spatial recognition memory (SRM), Pattern recognition memory (PRM), One Touch Stockings of Cambridge (SOC). The assesment was performed before ECT (T0), immediately after a course of ECT (T1) and a month after ECT (T2). The results are discussed in the light of various data on the efficacy of ECT in treatment major depression, and about the effect ЕCT on the cognitive and mnestic functions. The research results are contained in the following conclusions: 1. ECT showed strong antidepressant effect in patients with MDD 2. During the treatment, electroconvulsive therapy was not observed deterioration in the performance on any cognitive test 3. It has been shown that cognitive deficits associated with the acute phase of depression, improve during the recovery from depression treated with ECT, particularly in a fiel

Simptomi depresije javljaju se veoma često kod pacijenata koji boluju od shizofrenije (1), a utvrđena prevalenca u različitim studijama kreće se od 7 % (2) do 75 % (3). Varijabilnost u studijama potiče od faze bolesti u kojoj su se pacijenti nalazili u trenutku opservacije, metoda procene, kao i različitih dijagnostičkih kriterijumaza shizofreniju i depresiju. Linija distinkcije između simptoma depresije i shizofrenog poremećaja je nedovoljno postavljena. Postoje različiti razlozi za to kao što su: fenomenološka sličnost sa negativnim simptomima shizofrenije, shizoafektivnim poremećajem i organskim poremećajima; prateće dejstvo antipsihotika; psihološka reakcija na bolest. Metod. Ispitivanje predstavlja kliničku prospektivnu studiju utvrđivanja intenziteta depresivne simptomatologije kod 100 osoba obolelih od shizofrenije u odnosu na fazu bolesti (faza akutnog pogoršanja i faza remisije). Psihometrijske procene težine bolesti i prisutne psihopatologije vršile su se pri prijemu i na kraju hospitalnog lečenja korišćenjem Strukturisanog kliničkog intervjua za mentalne poremećaje (SCID), Skale za procenu pozitivnog i negativnog sindroma shizofrenije (PANSS), Skale za procenu nedostatka uvida u mentalni poremećaj (SUMD), Kalgari skale za procenu depresije u shizofreniji (CDSS) i Skale za opštu procenu funcionisanja (GAF) . Rezultat. Prevalenca depresivne simptomatologije kod pacijenata obolelih od shizofrenije u akutnoj fazi bolesti u studijskoj grupi iznosi 23%. Prevalenca depresivne simptomatologije u fazi remisije je niska i iznosi u uzorku 13%. Depresivni simptomi u shizofreniji izraženiji su tokom akutne psihotične faze u odnosu na fazu remisije. Grupa pacijenata obolelih od shizofrenije sa depresivnom simtomatologijom, žive sami i imaju malo ili uopšte nemaju svakodnevne kontakte u odnosu na nedepresivnu grupu. Zanimljivo je da u fazi remisije postoji statistički značajna razlika između depresivne i nedepresivne grupe ipitanika, pri čemu je depresivna grupa bila u, Depressive symptoms often occur in patients who suffer from schizophrenia (1). Moreover, different studies found that the prevalence varies from 7% (2) to 75% (3). The differentresearch results are due to the phase of illness when the patients were observed, assessment method, as well as different diagnostic criteria used for schizophrenia and depression. Precise distinction between depressive symptoms and schizophrenic disorder has not been completely established yet. The reasons are various and they include: phenomenological similarity with negative symptoms of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and organic disorders; side effects of antidepressants; psychological reaction to the disease. Method. The present research is a prospective clinical study. Its aim was to establish the intensity of depressive symptomatology in 100 patients with schizophrenia with regard to the phase of the illness (acute impairment phase and remission phase). Psychometric assessments of the severity of illness and existing psychopathological symptoms were made both at the admission and at the end of hospital treatment by using Structured Clinical Interview for Mental Disorders (SCID), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Rating the Symptoms of Schizophrenia (PANSS), Scale to Assess the Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Results. Depressive symptomathology prevalence in patients with schizophrenia in the acute phase of the illness was 23% in the study group. The depressive symptoms prevalence in the remission phase was low - 13% of the sample. Symptoms of depression were more intense in 141 schizophrenic patients in the acute psychotic phase than in remission. The group of schizophrenic patients with depressive symptoms turned out to live alone, and have little or no daily contacts with other people in comparison with the nondepressed group. It is interesting that there is a

Svakodnevni neuspesi u matematici su pogubni za samopuzdanje dece, a ako se ne interveniše na vreme, može eventualno uticati na celokupno njihovo iskustvo i kasnije dovesti do razvoja psihijatrijskih simptoma. Shodno tome, osobe koje imaju teškoće u sticanju matematičkih znanja zaslužuju pažnju u cilju boljeg razumevanja problema i pružanja adekvatne, blagovremene pomoći u prevazilaženju iste. Osnovni cilj ovog istraživanja je analiza faktora koji utiču na ispoljavanje diskalkulije. Uzorak istraživanja odabran je na osnovu prve faze istraživanja u kojoj smo primenili nestandardizovan matematički test, a obuhvatao je 140 učenika petog razreda svih osnovnih škola na teritoriji grada Kragujevca (83 sa diskalkulijom i 57 kontrola). U istraživanju je korišćena baterija neuropsiholoških testova: Ravenove progresivne matrice u boji, Upitnici za ispitivanje praktognostičkog nivoa deteta (poznavanje šema tela, dominantna lateralizovanost ekstremiteta i čula, poznavanje desno – levo na sebi i drugome, prostorna i vremenska orjentacija), Pijažeove probe, kojima ispitujemo nivo operativnosti mišljenja (serijacije, klasifikacije, konzervacija zapremine, pojam broja i inkluzija klasa), HANES skala, kojom se određuje neuroticizam, emocionalna labilnost i ekstraverzija – introverzija kod dece i mladih od 8 do 17 god, Crtež sata- za ispitivanje vizuo – spacijalne i konstruktivne praksije i Klinička ocena čitanja., Everyday failures in mathematics are devastating for children’s self-confidence and if ’is not intervened on time, this can influence their complete experience and furthermore contribute to the development of some psychiatric symptoms. According to that, persons who have troubles acquiring mathematical knowledge, deserves attention in order to better understand problem and also help so they could overcome them. Main objective of this study was analyses of factors which influence the manifestation of dyscalculia. Study sample was chosen upon first stage of study in which we have applied not standardized mathematical test that includes 140 fifth grade pupils in all primary schools in City of Kragujevac (83 of them with dyscalculia and 57 control group). In research it was used neuropsychological test battery: Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Questionnaires used to determine practognostic level of child (body scheme, dominant laterality of extremities and senses, knowing what is right-left on self and someone, orientation in time and space), Pijaget’s test to determine the stage of operational thought (seriation, classification, volume conservation, number concepts and class inclusion), HANES scale, by which can be determined neuroticism, emotional lability and extroversion – introversion among children and youth ages 8 - 17 years, drawing of clock – testing visuospatial and constructive praxis and clinical evaluation of reading skills.

Psihijatrijski poremećaji se često javljaju kod tumora mozga, a neretko mogu predstavljati jedinu manifestaciju i mogu biti inicijalni simptom tumora mozga (1-6). Incidenca depresije kod pacijenata sa tumorom mozga varira u opsegu od 10% (7, 8) do 50% (9-12). U nekim studijama su analizirani grupisani različiti tipovi tumora zajednički, a druge studije su analizirale samo jednu vrstu tumora, pa je prava učestalost depresije kod tumora mozga i dalje nejasna. Mehanizmi nastanka depresije kod pacijenata sa tumorom mozga nisu potpuno razjašnjeni. Ispitivani su brojni faktori. Depresija kao inicijalni simptom tumora mozga je nedovoljno opisana u literaturi. Benson je prijavio da je kod 1-4% psihijatrijskih pacijenata pronađen tumor mozga na autopsiji (13). Jedna studija u Južnoj Africi pokazala je da 27 od 200 pacijenata (13,5%) hospitalizovanih u psihijatrijskim ustanovama ima tumor mozga (14). Obavljeni su brojni izveštaji o pacijentima sa psihijatrijskim oboljenjima koji imaju tumor mozga, ali oni malo doprinose razumevanju učestalosti tumora mozga kod depresivnih pacijenata (15, 16). Smatra se da je lokalizacija tumora povezana sa depresijom. Tumori frontalnog režnja mogu biti povezani sa simptomima depresije (17). Prema nekim studijama tumori leve dominantne hemisfere su više povezani sa depresijom nego desno hemisferični tumori (18). Sa druge strane, u velikoj studiji o ishodima glioma, pronađeno je da lokalizacija tumora ne utiče na pojavu depresije (9).

Cilj ove disertacije je bio da se ispita uticaj Pravoslavni katihizisa na ispoljavanje psiho-emocionalnih osobina adolescenata. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da učenje pravoslavne religije podstiče empatiju, altruizam i emocionalnu inteligenciju adolescenata i time im pomaže u suočavanju sa stresnim situacijama, kao i da to ostvaruje uticajući na lokus kontrole, podstičući razvoj unutrašnjeg lokusa kontrole, odnosno zrele religioznosti.. Pravoslavni katihizis je pozitivno uticao na razvoj i ispoljavanje takmičarskog motiva muških adolescenata, imao značajan uticaj na razvoj emocionalne podrške i postizanje cilja kao izvor zadovoljstva ženskih adolescenata i značajno uticao na stavove adolescenata o smislu života. Rezultati predstavljeni u ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji ukazali su na značaj Pravoslavnog katihizisa i pravoslavne religije na razvoj psiho-emocionalnih osobina adolescenata ukazujući na potrebu učenja pravoslavne religije radi podsticanja razvoja zrelosti religioznosti, altruizma, empatije, eksternalnosti, suočavanja sa stresnim situacijama i emocionalne inteligencije kod mladih., The aim of this thesis was to investigate the influence of the Orthodox Catechism on the expression of psycho-emotional traits of adolescents. The obtained results showed that Orthodox Catechism favored mature religiosity, stimulated the development of internal locus of control and managed to significantly enhance altruism and emotional intelligence of adolescents, helping them to cope with stressful situations through Task-oriented stress coping strategy. Orthodox Catechism affects adolescents’ needs for affiliative and achievement motivation in gender dependant manner. Orthodox Catechism enhances competition motive of male adolescents, has a significant influence on the development of emotional support and achievement of the goal as a source of pleasure of female adolescents affecting gender differences in adolescents’ sense of purpose in life. These findings emphasize the impact of Orthodox Catechism on the expression of psycho-emotional characteristics of adolescents demonstrating that orthodox religion has a positive influence on adolescents' psycho-emotional well being.

Cilj. Cilj ove studije je utvrđivanje povezanosti vaspitnih stilova roditelja dece obolele od atopijskog dermatitisa,težine kliničke slike atopijskog dermatitisa i pojave neuroticizma kod obolele dece kao jedne od bazičnih osobina ličnosti. Metode. Studija je dizajnirana kao kontrolisano, neterapijsko, otvoreno kliničko istraživanje sprovedeno na 80 bolesnika, u skladu sa važećom regulativom Dobre kliničke prakse i nakon odobrenja nadležnog Etičkog komiteta. U istraživanje su uključeni ispitanici sledećih osobina: deca uzrasta od 8 do 13 godina, oba pola, koja imaju dijagnozu atopijskog dermatitisa i leče se u Centru za dermatovenerologiju i Klinici za pedijatriju KC Kragujevac u Kragujevcu od novonastale bolesti ili u fazi egzacerbacije hroničnog oboljenja i koja daju pristanak za dobrovoljce, ili pošto se radi o maloletnim licima za njih saglasnost daju roditelji. Studijske procedure su uključivale dermatološki pregled i popunjavanje psiholoških instrumenata za procenu vaspitnih stilova roditelja i procenu neuroticizma. Dermatolog istraživač je inspekcijom utvrđivao intenzitet i proširenost lezija, razgovorom dobijao podatke o intenzitetu svraba i nesanici, nakon čega je uz pomoć SCORAD indeksa određivao stepen težine kliničke slike atopijskog dermatitisa. EMBU test je korišćen za identifikaciju roditeljskih stilova, a HANES1 test i HANES2 test radi utvrđivanja prisustva i težine neuroticizma. Ispitanici su testove rešavali pojedinično uz prisustvo psihologa i bez prisustva roditelja, da bi se izbeglo roditeljsko sugerisanje prilikom odgovaranja na postavljena pitanja. Psihološke instrumente su obrađivali klinički psiholozi., Aim. The aim of this study is to determine the relation between parenting styles of parents of children with atopic dermatitis, the severity of atopic dermatitis and the occurrence of neuroticism in affected children as one of the basic personality traits. Methods. This study was designed as a controlled, non-therapeutic, open clinical study in 80 patients, in accordance with applicable regulations of Good Clinical Practice, and after approval by the competent Ethics committee. The study involved subjects with the following characteristics: children aged 8 to 13 years, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, who are treated for emerging disease or exacerbation of chronic disease at the Center for Dermatology and Pediatrics Clinic of Clinical Center Kragujevac in Kragujevac, giving their consent for volunteers, or in this case of juveniles, the parents give their consent. Study procedures included a dermatological examination and filling out psychological instruments for assessing parenting styles as well as the assessment of neuroticism. Dermatologist-researcher determined the intensity and extent of the lesion by inspection and through the conversation got data on the intensity of itching and insomnia, followed by using the SCORAD index in order to determine the degree of severity of atopic dermatitis. EMBU test was used to identify parenting styles whereas HANES1 test and HANES2 test were used determine the presence and severity of neuroticism. Respondents filled out tests individually, in the presence of psychologists and in the absence of parents, in order to avoid parental suggestion when answering questions. Clinical psychologists were dealing with psychological instruments. Researcher filled out a questionnaire with socio-demographic data for each respondent.

Izvod (ID): Poput mnogih hroničnih bolesti i hronična bubrežna insuficijencija i terapija bubrežne zamene koja je prati mogu da poremete psihološki status pacijenta. Pacijenti na hemodijalizi imaju veliki broj psihosocijalnih i mentalnih problema. Među brojnim psihijatrijskim komorbiditetima, depresija i nesanica su vodeće. Kvalitet života pacijenata na hemodijalizi je značajno pogođen. Lošiji kvalitet života, prisustvo depresivnosti i nesanice su udruženi sa porastom morbiditeta i mortaliteta kod hemodijaliznih pacijenata. Postoje podaci o uticaju nekih socidemografskih i kliničkih faktora na kvalitet života, depresivnost i nesanicu kod pacijenata na hemodijalizi, ali nedostaju opsežnije studije koje bi uključile veći broj faktora. Prethodne studije ukazuju da hemodijafiltracija može biti efikasnija od konvencionalne hemodijalize u uklanjanju uremičnih toksina kao i smanjenju neželjenih događaja koji se javljaju tokom ili posle dijalize. Takođe, neka istraživanja ukazuju na prednost korišćenja visokopropusnih u odnosu na niskopropusne dijalizne membrane. Cilj ove studije je bio da ispita kvalitet života i utvrdi učestalost i težinu depresivnosti i nesanice kod hemodijaliznih pacijenata. Studija je ispitivala da li sociodemografske i kliničke karakteristike pacijenata, vrsta hemodijalize i hemodijaliznih membrana, dužina dijalize, neki parametri hemodijaliznog procesa i hemodijaliznog ishoda i komorbiditeti mogu imati uticaja na kvalitet života, učestalost i težinu depresivnosti i nesanice kod pacijenata na hemodijalizi. U ovoj studiji preseka učestvovalo je 110 pacijenata podeljenih u tri grupe: hemodijafiltracija, hemodijaliza sa visokopropusnim membranama i hemodijaliza sa niskopropusnim membranama. Mentalno zdravlje je procenjivano pomoću Short Form-36 upitnika, Beck Depression Inventory and Insomnia Severity Index upitnika. Ostali podaci prikupljani su pomoću Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale upitnika, upitnika Index of Coexistent Disease i specijalnog upitni, Like many chronic diseases, chronic kidney disease and consenquently renal replacement therapy may affect the psychological state of patients. Hemodialysis patients have a great number of psychosocial and mental health problems. Among numerous psychiatric comorbidity, depression and insomnia are mostly. The quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis is significantly disturbed. Poorer health-related quality of life, presence of depression and insomnia is associated with increase in morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. There are data of influence of some sociodemographic and clinical issues on quality of life, depression and insomnia in hemodialysis patients, but it lack extensive studies which should be included more of factors. Previous studies reported that hemodiafiltration (HDF) may be more effective than conventional hemodialysis in the removal of uremic toxins and may reduce frequency and severity of intradialytic and postdialysis adverse symptoms in patients. Also, some researchers suggest advantages of using high-flux membranes compared with low-flux. The aime of this study was to explore health related quality of life and to determine frequency and severity of depression and insomnia in hemodialysis patients. Study examined whether sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients, hemodialysis modality and membrane permeability, dialysis vintage, some parametars of hemodialysis proces and hemodialysis outcomes and comorbidities can have an influence on quality of life, frequency and severity of depression and insomnia in hemodialysis patients. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated 110 patients who were divided into three groups: on-line hemodiafiltration, high flux hemodialysis and low flux hemodialysis. Mental health was evaluated with Short Form-36 questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory and Insomnia Severity Index. Other data were collected using Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale questionnaire, Index of Coexisten

UVOD: Jedna od mera stresne reakcije zdravih i obolelih osoba od koronarne bolesti je kardiovaskularna reaktivnost koja se definiše kao promena veličine kardiovaskularnih parametara (npr. puls, sistolni pritisak) tokom izlaganja fizičkom ili psihološkom stresoru, u odnosu na njihove vrednosti u stanju mirovanja. Na kardiovaskularna reaktivnost utiču mnogobrojni činioci kao što su genetska predispozicija, pol, životno doba, vrste stresora, strategije prevladavanja stresa, aktuelno raspoloženje, itd. Primenom različitih inventara ličnosti potvrđeno je da i pojedine dimenzije ličnosti značajno dorinose individualnim razlikama kardiovaskularne reaktivnosti na stres. CILJ: Glavni cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj opštih dimenzija ličnosti i Tipa D ličnosti na kardiovaskularnu reaktivnost kod pacijenata sa dijagnozom koronarne bolesti, uzimajući u obzir potvrđene moderatore (pol, depresivnost, stilovi prevladavanja stresa). METOD: Uzorak je činilo je 100 ispitanika izabranih metodom prigodnog uzorkovanja, podeljenih u dve grupe: a) studijska grupa (n=79) kojom su obuhvaćeni pacijenati sa dijagnozom stabilne koronarne bolesti i b) kontrolna grupa zdravih ispitanika (n=21) odgovarajućih sociodemografskih karakteristika. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 2001. do 2007. godine u Klinici za kardiovaskularne bolesti KCS. Kod svih ispitanika izveden je mentalni stres test kombinovan sa testom fizičkim opterećenjem, u saradnji sa kardiologom, što je praćeno i ehokardiografski. Eksperimentalna faza istraživanja. Mentalni stres test kombinovan sa testom fizičkim opterećenjem izvođen je kod svih ispitanika u podne (1200h), u kontrolisanim klimatskim uslovima. Test se sastojao iz tri faze: a) psihijatrijski interviju, neposredno pre eksperimenta; b) faza odmora: u tihoj i delimično zamračenoj prostoriji ergo-kabineta ispitanik se 10-15 minuta odmarao u ležećem položaju; c) test mentalnog stresa koji obuhvata dva zadatka: usmeno računanje i zadatak koji reaktivi, Introduction: Over the past few decades, cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) has come to be viewed as a meassure of the stress reaction in patients with coronary heart disease as well as in healthy subjects. CVR is defined as a change of the measures of cardiovascular activity (i.e. heart rate, blood pressure) during exposure to physical or psychological stress, comparing to their values in the rest state. Many factors might contribute to the individual differences in CVR, such as genetic predisposition, gender, age, types of stressors, way of coping, affectivity, etc. Furthermore, many studies confirmed that specific personality dimensions play a significant role in the indivdual differences in CVR. Purpose: The main purpose of our investigation was to examine the effects of personality dimensions on cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to experimentally induced stress, taking into account the confounding variables (i.e. gender, depression, and coping with stress). Methodology: The sample consisted of non-consecutive case series of seventy nine patients with clinically stable and angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) who had been admitted to the Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre, and twenty one healthy persons of the control group. The participants were included in the study during the period of six years (from 2001 to 2007). The test was conducted in three phases: a) Initial psychiatric assessment; b) Rest phase: participants rested in a lying position for 10-15 minutes in a partially darkened room; c) Application of the Mental stress test (MST) that consists of two tasks: mental arithmetic and an anger recall task. Continuous 12-lead ECG and blood pressure were monitored and recorded every 5 minutes throughout the rest and the MST procedure. Afterwards, all participants were administered the following battery of psychological tests: a) NEO Personality Inventory - Revised, NEO-PI-R); b) The D-Scale 14, DS-14; c) Ways of Coping Questionnair

Jedna od mera stresne reakcije zdravih i obolelih osoba od koronarne bolesti je kardiovaskularna reaktivnost koja se definiše kao promena veličine kardiovaskularnih parametara (npr. puls, sistolni pritisak) tokom izlaganja fizičkom ili psihološkom stresoru, u odnosu na njihove vrednosti u stanju mirovanja. Na kardiovaskularna reaktivnost utiču mnogobrojni činioci kao što su genetska predispozicija, pol, životno doba, vrste stresora, strategije prevladavanja stresa, aktuelno raspoloženje, itd. Primenom različitih inventara ličnosti potvrđeno je da i pojedine dimenzije ličnosti značajno dorinose individualnim razlikama kardiovaskularne reaktivnosti na stres. CILJ: Glavni cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj opštih dimenzija ličnosti i Tipa D ličnosti na kardiovaskularnu reaktivnost kod pacijenata sa dijagnozom koronarne bolesti, uzimajući u obzir potvrđene moderatore (pol, depresivnost, stilovi prevladavanja stresa). METOD: Uzorak je činilo je 100 ispitanika izabranih metodom prigodnog uzorkovanja, podeljenih u dve grupe: a) studijska grupa (n=79) kojom su obuhvaćeni pacijenati sa dijagnozom stabilne koronarne bolesti i b) kontrolna grupa zdravih ispitanika (n=21) odgovarajućih sociodemografskih karakteristika. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u periodu od 2001. do 2007. godine u Klinici za kardiovaskularne bolesti KCS. Kod svih ispitanika izveden je mentalni stres test kombinovan sa testom fizičkim opterećenjem, u saradnji sa kardiologom, što je praćeno i ehokardiografski. Eksperimentalna faza istraživanja. Mentalni stres test kombinovan sa testom fizičkim opterećenjem izvođen je kod svih ispitanika u podne (1200h), u kontrolisanim klimatskim uslovima. Test se sastojao iz tri faze: a) psihijatrijski interviju, neposredno pre eksperimenta; b) faza odmora: u tihoj i delimično zamračenoj prostoriji ergo-kabineta ispitanik se 10-15 minuta odmarao u ležećem položaju; c) test mentalnog stresa koji obuhvata dva zadatka: usmeno računanje i zadatak koji reaktivira lju, Introduction: Over the past few decades, cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) has come to be viewed as a meassure of the stress reaction in patients with coronary heart disease as well as in healthy subjects. CVR is defined as a change of the measures of cardiovascular activity (i.e. heart rate, blood pressure) during exposure to physical or psychological stress, comparing to their values in the rest state. Many factors might contribute to the individual differences in CVR, such as genetic predisposition, gender, age, types of stressors, way of coping, affectivity, etc. Furthermore, many studies confirmed that specific personality dimensions play a significant role in the indivdual differences in CVR. Purpose: The main purpose of our investigation was to examine the effects of personality dimensions on cardiovascular reactivity (CVR) to experimentally induced stress, taking into account the confounding variables (i.e. gender, depression, and coping with stress). Methodology: The sample consisted of non-consecutive case series of seventy nine patients with clinically stable and angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease (CAD) who had been admitted to the Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre, and twenty one healthy persons of the control group. The participants were included in the study during the period of six years (from 2001 to 2007). The test was conducted in three phases: a) Initial psychiatric assessment; b) Rest phase: participants rested in a lying position for 10-15 minutes in a partially darkened room; c) Application of the Mental stress test (MST) that consists of two tasks: mental arithmetic and an anger recall task. Continuous 12-lead ECG and blood pressure were monitored and recorded every 5 minutes throughout the rest and the MST procedure. Afterwards, all participants were administered the following battery of psychological tests: a) NEO Personality Inventory - Revised, NEO-PI-R); b) The D-Scale 14, DS-14; c) Ways of Coping Questionnair

Greek physicians of the Classical Era, considered that right brain hemisphere is specialized in perception, and left for understanding and comprehension. The raise of modern neuroscience intensified studies in differences between hemispheres. The present findings highlight the fact that there is asymmetry of the hemispheres at almost all levels, as well as numerous interhemispheric differences in neuropsychological function. Differences exist in the size and weight of the hemispheres, in the size and shape of the defined areas of the brain, in the in the number and the size of the neurons, in relation to the extent of branching of dendrites within the area and in the structure of the gray and white matter .There are also considerable differences in relation to the dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission. All these differences, mostly on histological and physiological level are prerogative for hemispheric functional specialization i.e. assymetry. The left hemisphere is specialized for verbal functions, calculia and skillful learned movements (praxis). The right hemisphere is specialized for processing visual information, such as the perception of complex geometric shapes, facial recognition, observation of non-verbal sounds, performing various spatial functions, tactile perception of complex structures, musical ability, prosody, non-verbal thinking and memory. The left hemisphere is analytical, sequential, and the right is synthetic, holistic. The left hemisphere has more capacity for abstract or impersonal, while the right hemisphere is less prone to abstraction and prioritize the individual. Interhemispheric interaction is a very important function. Corpus callosum allows functional independence of the hemispheres, but also the integration, contributing to the wholeness of our perception of the world and our adaptive behaviors., Grčki lekari antičkog doba smatrali su da je desna hemisfera mozga specijalizovana za percepciju, a leva za shvatanje i razumevanje. Tokom razvoja moderne neuronauke povećan je broj studija o razlikama između hemisfera. Sadašnji nalazi ističu činjenicu da postoji asimetrija hemisfera na gotovo svim nivoima, kao i brojne interhemisfene razlike u neuropsihološkim funkcijama. Razlike postoje u veličini i težini hemisfera, veličini i obliku definisanih area mozga, u broju i veličini neurona, u odnosu na opseg grananja dendrita unutar područja i u strukturi sive i bele mase. Postoje, takođe, značajne razlike u dopaminergičkoj i noradrenergičkoj transmisiji. Sve ove razlike, uglavnom na histološkom i fiziološkom nivou su neophodne za funkcionalnu specijalizaciju menisfera, tj asimetriju. Leva hemisfera je specijalizovana za verbalne funkcije, računanje i vešte naučene pokrete (praksija). Desna hemisfera je specijalizovana za obradu vizuelnih informacija, kao što su percepcije složenih geometrijskih oblika, prepoznavanje lica, percepciju neverbalnih zvukova, različite spacijalne funkcije, taktilnu percepciju složenih struktura, muzičke sposobnosti, prozodiju, neverbalno razmišljanje i memoriju. Leva hemisfera je analitička, sekvencijalna, dok je desna sintetička, holistička. Leva hemisfera ima više kapaciteta za apstraktno ili bezlično, a desna hemisfera je manje sklona apstrakciji i prioritet daje ličnom. Interhemisferična interakcija je veoma važna. Korpus kalozum omogucćava funkcionalnu nezavisnost hemisfera, ali i integraciju, doprinoseći celovitosti naše percepcije sveta i adaptivnom ponašanju.

Greek physicians of the Classical Era, considered that right brain hemisphere is specialized in perception, and left for understanding and comprehension. The raise of modern neuroscience intensified studies in differences between hemispheres. The present findings highlight the fact that there is asymmetry of the hemispheres at almost all levels, as well as numerous interhemispheric differences in neuropsychological function. Differences exist in the size and weight of the hemispheres, in the size and shape of the defined areas of the brain, in the in the number and the size of the neurons, in relation to the extent of branching of dendrites within the area and in the structure of the gray and white matter .There are also considerable differences in relation to the dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission. All these differences, mostly on histological and physiological level are prerogative for hemispheric functional specialization i.e. assymetry. The left hemisphere is specialized for verbal functions, calculia and skillful learned movements (praxis). The right hemisphere is specialized for processing visual information, such as the perception of complex geometric shapes, facial recognition, observation of non-verbal sounds, performing various spatial functions, tactile perception of complex structures, musical ability, prosody, non-verbal thinking and memory. The left hemisphere is analytical, sequential, and the right is synthetic, holistic. The left hemisphere has more capacity for abstract or impersonal, while the right hemisphere is less prone to abstraction and prioritize the individual. Interhemispheric interaction is a very important function. Corpus callosum allows functional independence of the hemispheres, but also the integration, contributing to the wholeness of our perception of the world and our adaptive behaviors., Grčki lekari antičkog doba smatrali su da je desna hemisfera mozga specijalizovana za percepciju, a leva za shvatanje i razumevanje. Tokom razvoja moderne neuronauke povećan je broj studija o razlikama između hemisfera. Sadašnji nalazi ističu činjenicu da postoji asimetrija hemisfera na gotovo svim nivoima, kao i brojne interhemisfene razlike u neuropsihološkim funkcijama. Razlike postoje u veličini i težini hemisfera, veličini i obliku definisanih area mozga, u broju i veličini neurona, u odnosu na opseg grananja dendrita unutar područja i u strukturi sive i bele mase. Postoje, takođe, značajne razlike u dopaminergičkoj i noradrenergičkoj transmisiji. Sve ove razlike, uglavnom na histološkom i fiziološkom nivou su neophodne za funkcionalnu specijalizaciju menisfera, tj asimetriju. Leva hemisfera je specijalizovana za verbalne funkcije, računanje i vešte naučene pokrete (praksija). Desna hemisfera je specijalizovana za obradu vizuelnih informacija, kao što su percepcije složenih geometrijskih oblika, prepoznavanje lica, percepciju neverbalnih zvukova, različite spacijalne funkcije, taktilnu percepciju složenih struktura, muzičke sposobnosti, prozodiju, neverbalno razmišljanje i memoriju. Leva hemisfera je analitička, sekvencijalna, dok je desna sintetička, holistička. Leva hemisfera ima više kapaciteta za apstraktno ili bezlično, a desna hemisfera je manje sklona apstrakciji i prioritet daje ličnom. Interhemisferična interakcija je veoma važna. Korpus kalozum omogucćava funkcionalnu nezavisnost hemisfera, ali i integraciju, doprinoseći celovitosti naše percepcije sveta i adaptivnom ponašanju.

Istraživanja mentalnog zdravlja dece sa intelektualnom ometenošću (IO) pokazuju da postoji čak tri do četiri puta veći rizik od ispoljavanja kliničkih emocionalnih i bihejvioralnih poremećaja kod ove dece u poređenju sa decom bez ometenosti. Najfrekventnije smetnje emocija i ponašanja, sa simptomima koji odgovaraju standardnim dijagnostičkim kategorijama, tipične su za decu sa lakom IO, a relativna očuvanost kognitivnih kapaciteta i kominikacionih sposobnosti omogućava korišćenje merila i dijagnostičkih instrumenata koji su u standardnoj primeni i kada su u pitanju deca bez ometenosti Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde frekvencija, tipovi i socio-demografski i personalni predikcioni faktori mentalnih i bihejvioralnih poremećaja kod dece sa lakom IO, uzrasta od 9-18 godina, koji pohađaju specijalne škole za obrazovanje dece sa smetnjama u intelektualnom razvoju. Uzorak istraživanja odabran je metodom klasterskog slučajnog uzorkovanja i obuhvata osam specijalnih osnovnih škola na teritoriji Srbije, u kojima su ispitivani svi učenici koji su zadovoljavali kriterijume izbora: laka IO (koeficijent inteligencije u rasponu od 50-69, mereno standardizovanim skalama za decu), predviđen uzrast i nepostojanje ozbiljnih komorbidnih stanja, posebno neuropatologije i autizma. Ukupan uzorak broji 311 dece, sa ujednačenom polnom distribucijom i najvećim brojem dece uzrasta od 10 do 16 godina. U istraživanju je korišćena Ček lista ponašanja dece uzrasta 6-18 godina, forma za nastavnike (TRF – Teacher Report Form, Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), sa 113 problemskih ajtema koji pokrivaju čitav spektar problemskih ponašanja, koja se vrednuju na skali od 0-2, kao i za potrebe istraživanja konstruisan Upitnik o personalnim karakteristikama dece - ispitanika i socio-ekonomskom statusu njihovih porodica. Informanti su bili nastavnici – razredne starešine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju povećanu učestalost psihopatologije kod dece uzorka u poređenju sa normama prosečne populacije. Izra, Studies of mental health of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) show that there are three to four times higher risk of clinical manifestation of emotional and behavioral disorders in these children compared with children without disability. The most frequent disturbances of emotions and behavior, with symptoms that meet standard diagnostic categories, are typical for children with mild levels of ID, and relatively preserved cognitive and comunicative abilities in these children allow the use of standard diagnostic criteria and instruments used in children without ID. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, types and socio-demographic and personal factors predictive of mental and behavioral disorders in children with mild ID, aged 9-18 years, who attend special schools for children with intellectual disability. The study sample was selected using cluster random sampling, with inclusion of eight special primary schools in Serbia, in which all the students that met the following selection criteria were tested: mild Id (IQ range from 50-69, measured by standardized intelligence scales for children), 9-18 years of age and absence of serious comorbid conditions, particularly different forms of neuropathology and autism. The total sample included 311 children with a balanced gender distribution and the highest number of children aged from 10 to 16 years. The study used Behavioral checklist for children aged 6-18 years, the Teacher Report Form (TRF - Teacher Report Form, Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001), with 113 problem items that cover a wide range of problem behaviors, which are assesed on a scale of 0 - 2, as well as for this particular research designed Questionnaire about personal characteristics of children - respondents and socio-economic status of their families. The informants were classroom teachers. The results show an increased incidence of psychopathology in children in our sample compared to norms of average population. Externalizing – behav