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Teaching by subjects and contents where students passively receive knowledge is increasingly obsolete. Universities are opting for teaching strategies supporting skills development to face the labor, social, environmental, and economic conditions afflicting us. Employers demand increasingly complex skills; universities have identified experiential learning as giving access to real situations and learning by doing. One of the most advanced strategies is Challenge-Based Learning (CBL). Through real problem situations, faculty and students collaborate to solve an established challenge, with or without external stakeholders. This educational advancement has been global and is developing graduates with international skills, which ensures a world-class standard. Here we report a global study carried out in universities from three different continents, and we analyze the implementations of CBL in educational programs through cases in Mexico, The Netherlands, Ireland, and China. Developing skills and competencies is evident, and CBL is a viable way to ensure the success of Higher Education graduates. Obstacles in the transformation of faculty towards CBL are a similar fence in all cases. For CBL, the path needs to be explored, as it is on the frontline of educational developments that can be most helpful for developing a new paradigm in education.

Natural events over time, and human interventions, influence the genetic structure of species. The red deer (Cervus elaphus) is widely distributed in Europe, with a large-scale genetic structure largely determined by Pleistocene climatic oscillations. The Iberian Peninsula acted as one of the main glacial refuges for many species; a particular red deer lineage remains on the peninsula and is subjected to special conservation policies. The mountain range of the Pyrenees might be a contact zone where Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) could hybridize with other central European genetic lineages. In the late twentieth century, the natural distribution areas of red deer on both sides of the Pyrenees became closer because of restocking from central Iberia to areas south of the Pyrenees and from French populations to areas north of the Pyrenees. We analyzed the genetic structure of red deer populations in the Pyrenees to investigate the underlying processes of population contact and hybridization. The analysis of microsatellite genotypes showed 2 genetic clusters. One of these clusters associated with Iberian red deer, whereas the other presented European non-Iberian genetic composition. Migration and hybridization events occurred between both genetic clusters, mostly in the eastern part of the sampling area. The Pyrenees is currently a secondary contact zone caused by anthropogenic translocations, and a risky hybrid belt for red deer genetic conservation.

The analysis of population genetic structure and individual multilocus heterozygosity are crucial for wildlife management and conservation. Microsatellite markers have traditionally been used to assess these genetic parameters. However, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are becoming increasingly popular. Our goal here was to determine to what extent SNPs can provide better insights than microsatellites into the overall genetic status and population genetic processes in the species. To this end, we genotyped 210 red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Spanish wild population with both 11 microsatellites and 31,712 SNPs. We compared parameters related to population genetic structure and individual multilocus heterozygosity obtained with both types of markers. Our results showed correlations between parameters measured using both microsatellites and SNPs, particularly those related to the level of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. However, we found notably lower precision of microsatellites in measuring the distribution of genetic diversity among individuals. We conclude that microsatellites can be used to monitor the overall genetic status and detect broad patterns in red deer populations. Nevertheless, the greater precision of SNPs in inferring genetic structure and multilocus heterozygosity leads us to encourage scientists and wildlife managers to prioritize their use whenever possible., [Simple Summary] Population genetic structure and individual multilocus heterozygosity are vital for wildlife management. Traditionally, microsatellite markers have been used to estimate population genetic parameters, but single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have gained popularity due to their greater measurement precision. This study compared genetic estimates at the population and individual levels using microsatellite and SNP markers in red deer (Cervus elaphus). The findings revealed correlations between parameters estimated with both markers that were associated with the level of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation. However, microsatellites showed lower accuracy in representing the distribution of genetic diversity among individuals.

Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) is a cutting-edge educational approach that integrates traditional learning modules (theory and practice) with real-life challenges that require innovative solutions and that can be applied to a variety of subjects. As the first landmark work on this innovative methodology, The Emerald Handbook of Challenge Based Learning offers an in-depth exploration on how to conceive, design, implement, monitor, and develop CBL initiatives in Higher Education Institutions. International experts explore the use of CBL in different disciplines at university level, and present findings from its implementation based on students’ first-hand experiences. They provide real examples on how to implement CBL in different disciplines and formats, from face to face to blended deliveries. Crucially, they offer ways to implement CBL effectively in disciplines less connected to CBL practice, such accounting, finance, marketing and sustainability, food technology, biomedicine, and ICT to name a few. Results, from the implementations reported, suggest that CBL increases students’ understandings of real-life settings and is conducive to students’ development of 21st century skills. Given the shift in education towards finding solutions to real life challenges, particularly in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, this novel handbook will be crucial reading for researchers, course designers, and teachers across a range of subject areas, and those interested in improving teaching methods, and adopting new teaching styles, across higher education.

The future of engineering education does not depend only on the curricula designed by universities, but increasingly on the needs of society and the complex requirements of Industry 4.0. Now there is an urgent need to work on an educational approach based on the close collaboration of three stakeholders: the university, which facilitates authentic learning opportunities for students and professionals and ensures the quality of learning outcomes; the industry, which establishes the skill sets and competencies it requires of its workforce; and finally, governments and professional associations, which can influence, provide global collaboration frameworks to support transformation and funding for reskilling, upskilling, as well as institutional responses. This study presents an analysis and comparison of the engineering skills "eco-system" that considers not only the technical education in response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, but also the problem-solving needs of society and the human factors that shape the transition to the labour market in global contexts.

Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) is a cutting-edge educational approach that integrates traditional learning modules (theory and practice) with real-life challenges that require innovative solutions and that can be applied to a variety of subjects. As the first landmark work on this innovative methodology, The Emerald Handbook of Challenge Based Learning offers an in-depth exploration on how to conceive, design, implement, monitor, and develop CBL initiatives in Higher Education Institutions. International experts explore the use of CBL in different disciplines at university level, and present findings from its implementation based on students’ first-hand experiences. They provide real examples on how to implement CBL in different disciplines and formats, from face to face to blended deliveries. Crucially, they offer ways to implement CBL effectively in disciplines less connected to CBL practice, such accounting, finance, marketing and sustainability, food technology, biomedicine, and ICT to name a few. Results, from the implementations reported, suggest that CBL increases students’ understandings of real-life settings and is conducive to students’ development of 21st century skills. Given the shift in education towards finding solutions to real life challenges, particularly in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, this novel handbook will be crucial reading for researchers, course designers, and teachers across a range of subject areas, and those interested in improving teaching methods, and adopting new teaching styles, across higher education.

The homotopy types of gauge groups of principal SO(4)-bundles over S⁴ are classified p-locally for every prime p, and partial results are obtained integrally. The method generalizes to deal with any quotient of the form (S³)n/Z where Z is a subgroup generated by (−1, …, −1).

Purpose: To assess the safety, aberrometric and keratometric changes, and stability of transepithelial topography-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (TE-TG-PTK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. Methods: This is a retrospective case series including 57 eyes that underwent TE-TG-PTK + MMC using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. CDVA, manifest refraction (MR), keratometry readings, and aberrometry readings were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Causes of corneal irregularity included non-infectious leucoma (n=23), infectious leucoma (n=7), adenoviral keratitis (n=20), corneal haze (n=2), post-penetrant keratoplasty (PKP) (n=1), and others (n=4). Overall, 76% of the eyes (n=40) gained lines of vision; patients gained 1, and 2 or more lines of vision in 76%, and 38% of cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (2%) lost 5 lines of vision. Mean preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was 0.37 ±0.31 and improved to 0.14 ±0.18 (p<0.001) at final follow-up (12 months). CDVA remained unchanged in 10 eyes (21%). No significant changes were observed in mean keratometry (Kmean) and keratometric astigmatism readings. Regarding aberrometry, only changes in coma proved to be significant 6 months after surgery (P<0.01). No intraoperative/postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion: At final follow-up, significant improvements were observed in CDVA and coma. TE-TG-PTK + MMC proved to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of corneal irregular astigmatism due to several causes.

Purpose: To assess the safety, aberrometric and keratometric changes, and stability of transepithelial topography-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (TE-TG-PTK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. Methods: This is a retrospective case series including 57 eyes that underwent TE-TG-PTK + MMC using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. CDVA, manifest refraction (MR), keratometry readings, and aberrometry readings were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Causes of corneal irregularity included non-infectious leucoma (n=23), infectious leucoma (n=7), adenoviral keratitis (n=20), corneal haze (n=2), post-penetrant keratoplasty (PKP) (n=1), and others (n=4). Overall, 76% of the eyes (n=40) gained lines of vision; patients gained 1, and 2 or more lines of vision in 76%, and 38% of cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (2%) lost 5 lines of vision. Mean preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was 0.37 ±0.31 and improved to 0.14 ±0.18 (p<0.001) at final follow-up (12 months). CDVA remained unchanged in 10 eyes (21%). No significant changes were observed in mean keratometry (Kmean) and keratometric astigmatism readings. Regarding aberrometry, only changes in coma proved to be significant 6 months after surgery (P<0.01). No intraoperative/postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion: At final follow-up, significant improvements were observed in CDVA and coma. TE-TG-PTK + MMC proved to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of corneal irregular astigmatism due to several causes.

Purpose: To assess the safety, aberrometric and keratometric changes, and stability of transepithelial topography-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (TE-TG-PTK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. Methods: This is a retrospective case series including 57 eyes that underwent TE-TG-PTK + MMC using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. CDVA, manifest refraction (MR), keratometry readings, and aberrometry readings were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Causes of corneal irregularity included non-infectious leucoma (n=23), infectious leucoma (n=7), adenoviral keratitis (n=20), corneal haze (n=2), post-penetrant keratoplasty (PKP) (n=1), and others (n=4). Overall, 76% of the eyes (n=40) gained lines of vision; patients gained 1, and 2 or more lines of vision in 76%, and 38% of cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (2%) lost 5 lines of vision. Mean preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was 0.37 ±0.31 and improved to 0.14 ±0.18 (p<0.001) at final follow-up (12 months). CDVA remained unchanged in 10 eyes (21%). No significant changes were observed in mean keratometry (Kmean) and keratometric astigmatism readings. Regarding aberrometry, only changes in coma proved to be significant 6 months after surgery (P<0.01). No intraoperative/postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion: At final follow-up, significant improvements were observed in CDVA and coma. TE-TG-PTK + MMC proved to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of corneal irregular astigmatism due to several causes.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a training program on the level of working memory in a sample of university students. For this, a quasi-experimental study with an active control group was implemented in 29 students of basic teaching and computer systems, applying complex span tasks before and after the intervention. For training, multimídia routines were used for the experimental group and an academic essay elaboration workshop for the control group. The pre-test confirmed intergroup statistical equality for all the measurements used and the post-test, in favor of the experimental group, detected significant difference and large effect size in visuospatial memory and non-significant with medium size, for verbal memory. Additionally, the Raven’s Matrices test was applied to determine effects of training on intelligence, finding no significant difference. Therefore, it is concluded that training based on multimedia routines did not generate gains in intelligence or in working memory, in its verbal domain, although it did in its visual-spatial domain. However, the results must be taken with reservations, due to the limitation represented by the size of the sample, which, if corrected in future interventions, may enrich the findings on the means to improve working memory., Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación desempeñan un rol importante en la educación. Los sistemas coaching promueven un nuevo método de enseñanza, basados en la digitalización y automatización de las actividades. Este estudio presentó la construcción de un sistema coaching tutorial en el acompañamiento académico de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Comercio Internacional del Centro Universitario Nezahualcóyotl, de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. La investigación se dividió en cuatro fases: 1) elaboración de los modelos instruccionales para el diseño y elección de los materiales didácticos, 2) diseño del sistema, 3) programación del sistema y 4) evaluaciones de funcionalidad del sistema coaching. El sistema desarrollado es una herramienta potencial, ya que permite la inclusión de los materiales mejor adecuados a las necesidades del alumno, al considerar las diferentes modalidades educativas, por lo que fue una herramienta innovadora, de fácil acceso e idónea en la era digital actual.

Purpose: To assess the safety, aberrometric and keratometric changes, and stability of transepithelial topography-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (TE-TG-PTK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. Methods: This is a retrospective case series including 57 eyes that underwent TE-TG-PTK + MMC using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. CDVA, manifest refraction (MR), keratometry readings, and aberrometry readings were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Causes of corneal irregularity included non-infectious leucoma (n=23), infectious leucoma (n=7), adenoviral keratitis (n=20), corneal haze (n=2), post-penetrant keratoplasty (PKP) (n=1), and others (n=4). Overall, 76% of the eyes (n=40) gained lines of vision; patients gained 1, and 2 or more lines of vision in 76%, and 38% of cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (2%) lost 5 lines of vision. Mean preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was 0.37 ±0.31 and improved to 0.14 ±0.18 (p<0.001) at final follow-up (12 months). CDVA remained unchanged in 10 eyes (21%). No significant changes were observed in mean keratometry (Kmean) and keratometric astigmatism readings. Regarding aberrometry, only changes in coma proved to be significant 6 months after surgery (P<0.01). No intraoperative/postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion: At final follow-up, significant improvements were observed in CDVA and coma. TE-TG-PTK + MMC proved to be an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of corneal irregular astigmatism due to several causes.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a training program on the level of working memory in a sample of university students. For this, a quasi-experimental study with an active control group was implemented in 29 students of basic teaching and computer systems, applying complex span tasks before and after the intervention. For training, multimídia routines were used for the experimental group and an academic essay elaboration workshop for the control group. The pre-test confirmed intergroup statistical equality for all the measurements used and the post-test, in favor of the experimental group, detected significant difference and large effect size in visuospatial memory and non-significant with medium size, for verbal memory. Additionally, the Raven’s Matrices test was applied to determine effects of training on intelligence, finding no significant difference. Therefore, it is concluded that training based on multimedia routines did not generate gains in intelligence or in working memory, in its verbal domain, although it did in its visual-spatial domain. However, the results must be taken with reservations, due to the limitation represented by the size of the sample, which, if corrected in future interventions, may enrich the findings on the means to improve working memory., Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación desempeñan un rol importante en la educación. Los sistemas coaching promueven un nuevo método de enseñanza, basados en la digitalización y automatización de las actividades. Este estudio presentó la construcción de un sistema coaching tutorial en el acompañamiento académico de los alumnos de la Licenciatura en Comercio Internacional del Centro Universitario Nezahualcóyotl, de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México. La investigación se dividió en cuatro fases: 1) elaboración de los modelos instruccionales para el diseño y elección de los materiales didácticos, 2) diseño del sistema, 3) programación del sistema y 4) evaluaciones de funcionalidad del sistema coaching. El sistema desarrollado es una herramienta potencial, ya que permite la inclusión de los materiales mejor adecuados a las necesidades del alumno, al considerar las diferentes modalidades educativas, por lo que fue una herramienta innovadora, de fácil acceso e idónea en la era digital actual.

Antonio Cano-Ortiz,1 Pablo Morales,2 Álvaro Sánchez-Ventosa,1 Isabel Leiva-Gea,3,4 Alberto Membrillo,1,5 Vasyl Druchkiv,6,7 Timoteo González-Cruces,1 José-María Sánchez-González,8 Jaime Beltrán,7 Alberto Villarrubia1 1Instituto de Oftalmología la Arruzafa, Córdoba, Spain; 2Department of Cataract and Refractive Surgery, Clínica Baviera, Málaga, Spain; 3Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; 4Istituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain; 5Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; 6University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 7Department of Research & Development, Clínica Baviera, Valencia, Spain; 8Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area University of Seville, Seville, SpainCorrespondence: Pablo Morales; Isabel Leiva-Gea Málaga, SpainTel +34 669 232 767; Tel +34 677254051Email pblmorales@hotmail.com; isabeleiva@hotmail.comPurpose: To assess the safety, aberrometric and keratometric changes, and stability of trans-epithelial topography-guided phototherapeutic keratectomy (TE-TG-PTK) with mitomycin C (MMC) using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism.Methods: This is a retrospective case series including 57 eyes that underwent TE-TG-PTK + MMC using the ALLEGRO Topolyzer platform for the treatment of irregular astigmatism. CDVA, manifest refraction (MR), keratometry readings, and aberrometry readings were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.Results: Causes of corneal irregularity included non-infectious leucoma (n=23), infectious leucoma (n=7), adenoviral keratitis (n=20), corneal haze (n=2), post-penetrant keratoplasty (PKP) (n=1), and others (n=4). Overall, 76% of the eyes (n=40) gained lines of vision; patients gained 1, and 2 or more lines of vision in 76%, and 38% of cases, respectively. Only 1 patient (2%) lost 5 lines of vision. Mean preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was 0.37 ± 0.31 and improved to 0.14 ± 0.18 (p< 0.001) at final follow-up (12 month

The interest of this study lies in contributing to investigate the challenges that programming students face, who invest time developing poor programs. For this reason, this article offers a perspective of the programming situation in higher education in Mexico based on interviews conducted to teachers who teach programming classes in different colleges in Mexico, as well as studies made in higher education institutes (HEI) regarding programming subjects. Likewise, an investigation about software engineering practices and quality criteria (QC) used in the pro-gramming courses in the university environment, considering teachers from public universities, is presented. The objective of this study is to stablish a set of good practices, both adminis-trative and engineering, and QC in the development process, in the life cycle (LC), to improve programming courses and encourage the students to adopt good practices in the early stages of their professional training. The above will contribute to improve their development process and will help create better programs with optimal results., El interés de este estudio radica en contribuir a investigar las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes en los cursos de programación, quienes invierten tiempo al desarrollar programas con deficiencias. Por esta razón, este artículo ofrece una perspectiva de la situación de la programación en la educación superior en México basándose en entrevistas realizadas a docentes que imparten clases de programación en diferentes universidades de la República Mexicana, así como en estudios efectuados en instituciones de educación superior (IES) sobre el tema de la programación. Asimismo, se expone la investigación realizada sobre las prácticas de ingeniería de software y los criterios de calidad (CC) utilizados en los cursos de programación en el ámbito universitario, considerando a docentes de universidades públicas. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un conjunto de buenas prácticas, administrativas y de ingeniería, y CC en el proceso de desarrollo, en el ciclo de vida (CV), para mejorar los cursos de programación y para alentar a los estudiantes a adoptar buenas prácticas en las primeras fases de su formación profesional. Lo anterior contribuirá a que mejoren su proceso de desarrollo y a que creen programas con resultados óptimos.

The interest of this study lies in contributing to investigate the challenges that programming students face, who invest time developing poor programs. For this reason, this article offers a perspective of the programming situation in higher education in Mexico based on interviews conducted to teachers who teach programming classes in different colleges in Mexico, as well as studies made in higher education institutes (HEI) regarding programming subjects. Likewise, an investigation about software engineering practices and quality criteria (QC) used in the pro-gramming courses in the university environment, considering teachers from public universities, is presented. The objective of this study is to stablish a set of good practices, both adminis-trative and engineering, and QC in the development process, in the life cycle (LC), to improve programming courses and encourage the students to adopt good practices in the early stages of their professional training. The above will contribute to improve their development process and will help create better programs with optimal results., El interés de este estudio radica en contribuir a investigar las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes en los cursos de programación, quienes invierten tiempo al desarrollar programas con deficiencias. Por esta razón, este artículo ofrece una perspectiva de la situación de la programación en la educación superior en México basándose en entrevistas realizadas a docentes que imparten clases de programación en diferentes universidades de la República Mexicana, así como en estudios efectuados en instituciones de educación superior (IES) sobre el tema de la programación. Asimismo, se expone la investigación realizada sobre las prácticas de ingeniería de software y los criterios de calidad (CC) utilizados en los cursos de programación en el ámbito universitario, considerando a docentes de universidades públicas. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un conjunto de buenas prácticas, administrativas y de ingeniería, y CC en el proceso de desarrollo, en el ciclo de vida (CV), para mejorar los cursos de programación y para alentar a los estudiantes a adoptar buenas prácticas en las primeras fases de su formación profesional. Lo anterior contribuirá a que mejoren su proceso de desarrollo y a que creen programas con resultados óptimos.

The interest of this study lies in contributing to investigate the challenges that programming students face, who invest time developing poor programs. For this reason, this article offers a perspective of the programming situation in higher education in Mexico based on interviews conducted to teachers who teach programming classes in different colleges in Mexico, as well as studies made in higher education institutes (HEI) regarding programming subjects. Likewise, an investigation about software engineering practices and quality criteria (QC) used in the pro-gramming courses in the university environment, considering teachers from public universities, is presented. The objective of this study is to stablish a set of good practices, both adminis-trative and engineering, and QC in the development process, in the life cycle (LC), to improve programming courses and encourage the students to adopt good practices in the early stages of their professional training. The above will contribute to improve their development process and will help create better programs with optimal results., El interés de este estudio radica en contribuir a investigar las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes en los cursos de programación, quienes invierten tiempo al desarrollar programas con deficiencias. Por esta razón, este artículo ofrece una perspectiva de la situación de la programación en la educación superior en México basándose en entrevistas realizadas a docentes que imparten clases de programación en diferentes universidades de la República Mexicana, así como en estudios efectuados en instituciones de educación superior (IES) sobre el tema de la programación. Asimismo, se expone la investigación realizada sobre las prácticas de ingeniería de software y los criterios de calidad (CC) utilizados en los cursos de programación en el ámbito universitario, considerando a docentes de universidades públicas. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer un conjunto de buenas prácticas, administrativas y de ingeniería, y CC en el proceso de desarrollo, en el ciclo de vida (CV), para mejorar los cursos de programación y para alentar a los estudiantes a adoptar buenas prácticas en las primeras fases de su formación profesional. Lo anterior contribuirá a que mejoren su proceso de desarrollo y a que creen programas con resultados óptimos.

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el Sistema Nacional de Educación Superior Tecnológica en México, así como sus políticas y estructura. La pregunta de investigación es: ¿cómo está organizada la Educación Superior Tecnológica en México? Para dar respuesta organizamos este artículo en tres apartados: en el primero se describe la estructura del Sistema Educativo Nacional en México, se sitúa la educación superior y los diferentes subsistemas que lo integran ubicando a la educación superior tecnológica y su definición; en el segundo apartado se presenta una revisión del subsistema de educación tecnológica de financiamiento público que se conforma por cuatro principales subsistemas de instituciones, se incluyen las políticas, cobertura, oferta educativa, matrícula, entre otras; en el tercer apartado se hace una comparación sobre los logros y los retos que enfrenta la educación superior tecnológica de los subsistemas presentados, en paralelo con otros países latinoamericanos y la necesidad de adoptar políticas que impulsen el desarrollo de la educación tecnológica como respuesta a las demandas de la sociedad y de las diferentes regiones donde se encuentra inmersa la educación superior tecnológica. Se concluye que la educación tecnológica representa nuevos panoramas indispensables para el fortalecimiento del país, no obstante, dado que el desarrollo científico y cultural está fundamentado en el capital humano altamente capacitado, será la educación tecnológica la base para el desarrollo del presente.Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el Sistema Nacional de Educación Superior Tecnológica en México, así como sus políticas y estructura. La pregunta de investigación es: ¿cómo está organizada la Educación Superior Tecnológica en México? Para dar respuesta organizamos este artículo en tres apartados: en el primero se describe la estructura del Sistema Educativo Nacional en México, se sitúa la educación superior y los diferentes subsistemas que lo integran ubicando, Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el Sistema Nacional de Educación Superior Tecnológica en México, así como sus políticas y estructura. La pregunta de investigación es: ¿cómo está organizada la Educación Superior Tecnológica en México? Para dar respuesta organizamos este artículo en tres apartados: en el primero se describe la estructura del Sistema Educativo Nacional en México, se sitúa la educación superior y los diferentes subsistemas que lo integran ubicando a la educación superior tecnológica y su definición; en el segundo apartado se presenta una revisión del subsistema de educación tecnológica de financiamiento público que se conforma por cuatro principales subsistemas de instituciones, se incluyen las políticas, cobertura, oferta educativa, matrícula, entre otras; en el tercer apartado se hace una comparación sobre los logros y los retos que enfrenta la educación superior tecnológica de los subsistemas presentados, en paralelo con otros países latinoamericanos y la necesidad de adoptar políticas que impulsen el desarrollo de la educación tecnológica como respuesta a las demandas de la sociedad y de las diferentes regiones donde se encuentra inmersa la educación superior tecnológica. Se concluye que la educación tecnológica representa nuevos panoramas indispensables para el fortalecimiento del país, no obstante, dado que el desarrollo científico y cultural está fundamentado en el capital humano altamente capacitado, será la educación tecnológica la base para el desarrollo del presente., This article aims to analyse the National System of Higher Technological Education in Mexico, as well as its policies and structure. The research question is: how is Higher Technological Education organized in Mexico? In order to answer this question, this article is organized in three sections: The first section describes the structure of the National Education System in Mexico, situating higher education and the different sub-systems that make it up, locating higher technological education and its definition; the second section presents a review of the publicly funded technological education sub-system, which is made up of four main sub-systems of institutions, including policies, coverage, educational offerings, and enrolment, among others; The third section compares the achievements and challenges faced by higher education technology in the subsystems presented, in parallel with other Latin American countries, and the need to adopt policies that promote the development of technological education as a response to the demands of society and of the different regions where higher education technology is immersed. It is concluded that technological education represents new indispensable scenarios for the strengthening of the country. However, given that scientific and cultural development is based on highly trained human capital, technological education will be the basis for the development of the present.

Método para el diagnóstico precoz de la infertilidad equina. La presente invención se refiere a un método in vitro para el diagnóstico de infertilidad equina de origen genético mediante la detección de los marcadores ECAX: LEX026, TKY38, TKY270, LEX003, UCDEQ502, y los marcadores ECAY: Eca.YH12 y SRY. Al uso de dichos marcadores ECAX y ECAY para el diagnóstico de la infertilidad equina de origen genético.

Método para el diagnóstico precoz de la infertilidad equina. La presente invención se refiere a un método in vitro para el diagnóstico de infertilidad equina de origen genético mediante la detección de los marcadores ECAX: LEX026, TKY38, TKY270, LEX003, UCDEQ502, y los marcadores ECAY: Eca.YH12 y SRY. Al uso de dichos marcadores ECAX y ECAY para el diagnóstico de la infertilidad equina de origen genético.

Se propone una interpretación a cuatro textos narrativos que abordan el tema del conflicto armado en Guatemala (1960-1996): El ángel de la retaguardia (1997) de Mario Roberto Morales; un informe militar (1982) que aparece como anexo en el libro Guatemala en llamas (2008) de Gustavo Adolfo Díaz, los cuentos “Turbio el silencio” (1986) de Marco Antonio Flores y “El amenazado” (1987) de Dante Liano. El trabajo, en suma, tiene como objetivo vincular los comentarios producto de un ejercicio de refiguración cruzada –según nociones de Paul Ricoeur– con un conjunto de ensayos relativos a los nexos existentes entre ética y confrontación bélica. Básicamente se realiza una aproximación interpretativa a partir de reflexiones previas (e históricas) que distintos pensadores han establecido con respecto al papel que juega la ética frente a un fenómeno como la guerra.

Se propone una interpretación a cuatro textos narrativos que abordan el tema del conflicto armado en Guatemala (1960-1996): El ángel de la retaguardia (1997) de Mario Roberto Morales; un informe militar (1982) que aparece como anexo en el libro Guatemala en llamas (2008) de Gustavo Adolfo Díaz, los cuentos “Turbio el silencio” (1986) de Marco Antonio Flores y “El amenazado” (1987) de Dante Liano. El trabajo, en suma, tiene como objetivo vincular los comentarios producto de un ejercicio de refiguración cruzada –según nociones de Paul Ricoeur– con un conjunto de ensayos relativos a los nexos existentes entre ética y confrontación bélica. Básicamente se realiza una aproximación interpretativa a partir de reflexiones previas (e históricas) que distintos pensadores han establecido con respecto al papel que juega la ética frente a un fenómeno como la guerra.

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features., Usualmente, la segmentación de imágenes de color se realiza empleando métodos de agrupamiento y el espacio RGB para representar los colores. El problema con los métodos de agrupamiento es que se requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de grupos, o colores, en la imagen; además de que el espacio RGB es sensible a la intensidad de colores. Los humanos podemos identificar diferentes secciones de una escena solo por la cromaticidad de los colores, ya que representa la característica que nos permite diferenciarlos entre sí. En este artículo se propone emular la percepción humana del color al entrenar un mapa auto-organizado (MAO) con muestras de cromaticidad de diferentes colores. La imagen a procesar es transformada al espacio HSV porque en tal espacio la cromaticidad es separada de la intensidad, mientras que en el espacio RGB no es posible. Nuestra propuesta no requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de colores que hay en una escena, y la iluminación no uniforme no afecta significativamente la segmentación de la imagen. Presentamos resultados experimentales utilizando algunas imágenes de la base de segmentación de Berkeley empleando MAOs de diferentes tamaños, las cuales son segmentadas exitosamente empleando únicamente características de cromaticidad.

Meat quality is an important concern for the poultry industry. Domestic geese products obtained from free-range systems usually have rather tough meat, and it is necessary to select them to improve meat tenderness. The relation of the calpain 1 (CAPN1) gene with the post-mortem tenderness process of meat has been demonstrated in several species. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and to perform an association analysis between these polymorphisms and related economic traits in goose raised in the dehesa ecosystem. For the analysis, 50 geese of 3 different subpopulations (20 Embden Anser anser; 20 Toulouse Anser anser; 10 F1 cross) were studied. The experimental protocols were followed complying with principles of animal welfare. A novel SNP was found in the CAPN1 gene, g.68G → A. This polymorphism was statistically associated with different carcass and meat quality traits such as thigh muscle width (P = 0.020) and the b* 10-day meat colour parameter (P = 0.024) for the global goose population. The association of this gene with meat tenderness (Warner–Bratzler shear force) was confirmed in the case of female individuals of the Toulouse breed (P = 0.043). The results suggest the possibility of using molecular markers in CAPN1 gene as a potential tool for improving carcass and meat quality traits in goose breeding programmes.

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features., Usualmente, la segmentación de imágenes de color se realiza empleando métodos de agrupamiento y el espacio RGB para representar los colores. El problema con los métodos de agrupamiento es que se requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de grupos, o colores, en la imagen; además de que el espacio RGB es sensible a la intensidad de colores. Los humanos podemos identificar diferentes secciones de una escena solo por la cromaticidad de los colores, ya que representa la característica que nos permite diferenciarlos entre sí. En este artículo se propone emular la percepción humana del color al entrenar un mapa auto-organizado (MAO) con muestras de cromaticidad de diferentes colores. La imagen a procesar es transformada al espacio HSV porque en tal espacio la cromaticidad es separada de la intensidad, mientras que en el espacio RGB no es posible. Nuestra propuesta no requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de colores que hay en una escena, y la iluminación no uniforme no afecta significativamente la segmentación de la imagen. Presentamos resultados experimentales utilizando algunas imágenes de la base de segmentación de Berkeley empleando MAOs de diferentes tamaños, las cuales son segmentadas exitosamente empleando únicamente características de cromaticidad.

From the conceptual integration approach proposed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner, we show the importance of the Cuban Revolution Model in the first Guatemalan revolutionary cycle, going from 1956 to 1967. We analyzed the combatants’ testimonies as well as a official statement, both showing in the influence of Cuban Revolution in the arising of three different guerilla organizations in Guatemala: the November 13th Movement (MR-13), the October 20th Revolutionary Movement or guerilla of Concha and the Rebel Armed Forces Movement (FAR). We show the huge influence exerted by Cuban Revolution, led by Fidel Castro, on the revolutionary violence as well as on the use of State Force in Guatemala., A partir del enfoque de la integración conceptual propuesto por Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner se mostró la importancia del modelo de la Revolución cubana en el primer ciclo revolucionario guatemalteco, que va de 1956 a 1967. Se analizaron los testimonios de los combatientes y un comunicado estatal que muestran la influencia de la Revolución cubana en el surgimiento de tres organizaciones guerrilleras en Guatemala: el Movimiento Revolucionario 13 de Noviembre (MR-13), el Movimiento Revolucionario 20 de Octubre o guerrilla de Concuá y las Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR). Se demuestra la influencia que tuvo la Revolución comandada por Fidel Castro tanto en la violencia revolucionaria como en el uso estatal de la fuerza en el país centroamericano.

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features., Usualmente, la segmentación de imágenes de color se realiza empleando métodos de agrupamiento y el espacio RGB para representar los colores. El problema con los métodos de agrupamiento es que se requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de grupos, o colores, en la imagen; además de que el espacio RGB es sensible a la intensidad de colores. Los humanos podemos identificar diferentes secciones de una escena solo por la cromaticidad de los colores, ya que representa la característica que nos permite diferenciarlos entre sí. En este artículo se propone emular la percepción humana del color al entrenar un mapa auto-organizado (MAO) con muestras de cromaticidad de diferentes colores. La imagen a procesar es transformada al espacio HSV porque en tal espacio la cromaticidad es separada de la intensidad, mientras que en el espacio RGB no es posible. Nuestra propuesta no requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de colores que hay en una escena, y la iluminación no uniforme no afecta significativamente la segmentación de la imagen. Presentamos resultados experimentales utilizando algunas imágenes de la base de segmentación de Berkeley empleando MAOs de diferentes tamaños, las cuales son segmentadas exitosamente empleando únicamente características de cromaticidad.

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features., Usualmente, la segmentación de imágenes de color se realiza empleando métodos de agrupamiento y el espacio RGB para representar los colores. El problema con los métodos de agrupamiento es que se requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de grupos, o colores, en la imagen; además de que el espacio RGB es sensible a la intensidad de colores. Los humanos podemos identificar diferentes secciones de una escena solo por la cromaticidad de los colores, ya que representa la característica que nos permite diferenciarlos entre sí. En este artículo se propone emular la percepción humana del color al entrenar un mapa auto-organizado (MAO) con muestras de cromaticidad de diferentes colores. La imagen a procesar es transformada al espacio HSV porque en tal espacio la cromaticidad es separada de la intensidad, mientras que en el espacio RGB no es posible. Nuestra propuesta no requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de colores que hay en una escena, y la iluminación no uniforme no afecta significativamente la segmentación de la imagen. Presentamos resultados experimentales utilizando algunas imágenes de la base de segmentación de Berkeley empleando MAOs de diferentes tamaños, las cuales son segmentadas exitosamente empleando únicamente características de cromaticidad.

Meat quality is an important concern for the poultry industry. Domestic geese products obtained from free-range systems usually have rather tough meat, and it is necessary to select them to improve meat tenderness. The relation of the calpain 1 (CAPN1) gene with the post-mortem tenderness process of meat has been demonstrated in several species. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and to perform an association analysis between these polymorphisms and related economic traits in goose raised in the dehesa ecosystem. For the analysis, 50 geese of 3 different subpopulations (20 Embden Anser anser; 20 Toulouse Anser anser; 10 F1 cross) were studied. The experimental protocols were followed complying with principles of animal welfare. A novel SNP was found in the CAPN1 gene, g.68G → A. This polymorphism was statistically associated with different carcass and meat quality traits such as thigh muscle width (P = 0.020) and the b* 10-day meat colour parameter (P = 0.024) for the global goose population. The association of this gene with meat tenderness (Warner–Bratzler shear force) was confirmed in the case of female individuals of the Toulouse breed (P = 0.043). The results suggest the possibility of using molecular markers in CAPN1 gene as a potential tool for improving carcass and meat quality traits in goose breeding programmes.

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features., Usualmente, la segmentación de imágenes de color se realiza empleando métodos de agrupamiento y el espacio RGB para representar los colores. El problema con los métodos de agrupamiento es que se requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de grupos, o colores, en la imagen; además de que el espacio RGB es sensible a la intensidad de colores. Los humanos podemos identificar diferentes secciones de una escena solo por la cromaticidad de los colores, ya que representa la característica que nos permite diferenciarlos entre sí. En este artículo se propone emular la percepción humana del color al entrenar un mapa auto-organizado (MAO) con muestras de cromaticidad de diferentes colores. La imagen a procesar es transformada al espacio HSV porque en tal espacio la cromaticidad es separada de la intensidad, mientras que en el espacio RGB no es posible. Nuestra propuesta no requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de colores que hay en una escena, y la iluminación no uniforme no afecta significativamente la segmentación de la imagen. Presentamos resultados experimentales utilizando algunas imágenes de la base de segmentación de Berkeley empleando MAOs de diferentes tamaños, las cuales son segmentadas exitosamente empleando únicamente características de cromaticidad.

Meat quality is an important concern for the poultry industry. Domestic geese products obtained from free-range systems usually have rather tough meat, and it is necessary to select them to improve meat tenderness. The relation of the calpain 1 (CAPN1) gene with the post-mortem tenderness process of meat has been demonstrated in several species. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and to perform an association analysis between these polymorphisms and related economic traits in goose raised in the dehesa ecosystem. For the analysis, 50 geese of 3 different subpopulations (20 Embden Anser anser; 20 Toulouse Anser anser; 10 F1 cross) were studied. The experimental protocols were followed complying with principles of animal welfare. A novel SNP was found in the CAPN1 gene, g.68G → A. This polymorphism was statistically associated with different carcass and meat quality traits such as thigh muscle width (P = 0.020) and the b* 10-day meat colour parameter (P = 0.024) for the global goose population. The association of this gene with meat tenderness (Warner–Bratzler shear force) was confirmed in the case of female individuals of the Toulouse breed (P = 0.043). The results suggest the possibility of using molecular markers in CAPN1 gene as a potential tool for improving carcass and meat quality traits in goose breeding programmes.

From the conceptual integration approach proposed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner, we show the importance of the Cuban Revolution Model in the first Guatemalan revolutionary cycle, going from 1956 to 1967. We analyzed the combatants’ testimonies as well as a official statement, both showing in the influence of Cuban Revolution in the arising of three different guerilla organizations in Guatemala: the November 13th Movement (MR-13), the October 20th Revolutionary Movement or guerilla of Concha and the Rebel Armed Forces Movement (FAR). We show the huge influence exerted by Cuban Revolution, led by Fidel Castro, on the revolutionary violence as well as on the use of State Force in Guatemala., A partir del enfoque de la integración conceptual propuesto por Gilles Fauconnier y Mark Turner se mostró la importancia del modelo de la Revolución cubana en el primer ciclo revolucionario guatemalteco, que va de 1956 a 1967. Se analizaron los testimonios de los combatientes y un comunicado estatal que muestran la influencia de la Revolución cubana en el surgimiento de tres organizaciones guerrilleras en Guatemala: el Movimiento Revolucionario 13 de Noviembre (MR-13), el Movimiento Revolucionario 20 de Octubre o guerrilla de Concuá y las Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR). Se demuestra la influencia que tuvo la Revolución comandada por Fidel Castro tanto en la violencia revolucionaria como en el uso estatal de la fuerza en el país centroamericano.

Meat quality is an important concern for the poultry industry. Domestic geese products obtained from free-range systems usually have rather tough meat, and it is necessary to select them to improve meat tenderness. The relation of the calpain 1 (CAPN1) gene with the post-mortem tenderness process of meat has been demonstrated in several species. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and to perform an association analysis between these polymorphisms and related economic traits in goose raised in the dehesa ecosystem. For the analysis, 50 geese of 3 different subpopulations (20 Embden Anser anser; 20 Toulouse Anser anser; 10 F1 cross) were studied. The experimental protocols were followed complying with principles of animal welfare. A novel SNP was found in the CAPN1 gene, g.68G → A. This polymorphism was statistically associated with different carcass and meat quality traits such as thigh muscle width (P = 0.020) and the b* 10-day meat colour parameter (P = 0.024) for the global goose population. The association of this gene with meat tenderness (Warner–Bratzler shear force) was confirmed in the case of female individuals of the Toulouse breed (P = 0.043). The results suggest the possibility of using molecular markers in CAPN1 gene as a potential tool for improving carcass and meat quality traits in goose breeding programmes.

Usually, the segmentation of color images is performed using cluster-based methods and the RGB space to represent the colors. The drawback with these methods is the a priori knowledge of the number of groups, or colors, in the image; besides, the RGB space issensitive to the intensity of the colors. Humans can identify different sections within a scene by the chromaticity of its colors of, as this is the feature humans employ to tell them apart. In this paper, we propose to emulate the human perception of color by training a self-organizing map (SOM) with samples of chromaticity of different colors. The image to process is mapped to the HSV space because in this space the chromaticity is decoupled from the intensity, while in the RGB space this is not possible. Our proposal does not require knowing a priori the number of colors within a scene, and non-uniform illumination does not significantly affect the image segmentation. We present experimental results using some images from the Berkeley segmentation database by employing SOMs with different sizes, which are segmented successfully using only chromaticity features., Usualmente, la segmentación de imágenes de color se realiza empleando métodos de agrupamiento y el espacio RGB para representar los colores. El problema con los métodos de agrupamiento es que se requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de grupos, o colores, en la imagen; además de que el espacio RGB es sensible a la intensidad de colores. Los humanos podemos identificar diferentes secciones de una escena solo por la cromaticidad de los colores, ya que representa la característica que nos permite diferenciarlos entre sí. En este artículo se propone emular la percepción humana del color al entrenar un mapa auto-organizado (MAO) con muestras de cromaticidad de diferentes colores. La imagen a procesar es transformada al espacio HSV porque en tal espacio la cromaticidad es separada de la intensidad, mientras que en el espacio RGB no es posible. Nuestra propuesta no requiere conocer previamente la cantidad de colores que hay en una escena, y la iluminación no uniforme no afecta significativamente la segmentación de la imagen. Presentamos resultados experimentales utilizando algunas imágenes de la base de segmentación de Berkeley empleando MAOs de diferentes tamaños, las cuales son segmentadas exitosamente empleando únicamente características de cromaticidad.

Meat quality is an important concern for the poultry industry. Domestic geese products obtained from free-range systems usually have rather tough meat, and it is necessary to select them to improve meat tenderness. The relation of the calpain 1 (CAPN1) gene with the post-mortem tenderness process of meat has been demonstrated in several species. Thus, the objective of the present study was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and to perform an association analysis between these polymorphisms and related economic traits in goose raised in the dehesa ecosystem. For the analysis, 50 geese of 3 different subpopulations (20 Embden Anser anser; 20 Toulouse Anser anser; 10 F1 cross) were studied. The experimental protocols were followed complying with principles of animal welfare. A novel SNP was found in the CAPN1 gene, g.68G → A. This polymorphism was statistically associated with different carcass and meat quality traits such as thigh muscle width (P = 0.020) and the b* 10-day meat colour parameter (P = 0.024) for the global goose population. The association of this gene with meat tenderness (Warner–Bratzler shear force) was confirmed in the case of female individuals of the Toulouse breed (P = 0.043). The results suggest the possibility of using molecular markers in CAPN1 gene as a potential tool for improving carcass and meat quality traits in goose breeding programmes.

Consisteix en un anàlisi dels riscos de les obres que es construeixen arreu del món. Enfocat de cara a la valoració que en fan les empreses asseguradores que s'encarreguen de donar cobertura en matèria d'assegurances a les diferents tipologies d'obra.També es realitza el procès que fa el subscriptor, el técnic de les assegurances, per tal d'arribar a la conclusió d'una prima, cobertures, límits i franquicies per cada tipologia d'obra i d'empresa constructora.

Este proyecto final de grado pretende realizar el levantamiento arquitectónico y estudio de patologías de la iglesia de la Purificación de la madre de Dios de Algerri (Lérida) El objetivo de este proyecto es documentar histórica y arquitectónicamente, la iglesia. También se dará conocer las patologías que presenta. Toda la información servirá para redactar un proyecto de rehabilitación de la misma. Este templo de estilo barroco construido 1773, se construyó sobre una anterior iglesia de estilo gótico, de la cual no hay dato alguno. Para el levantamiento de planos se han utilizado métodos topográficos, de rectificación de imagen y dibujo asistido por Auto CAD. Las patologías, se han estudiado, mediante la práctica de la observación y la lectura del georadar adquirido por cortesía de GS ingeniería.

Recovery and management of an endangered population requires the use of all available tools. Besides the genealogical data (often scarce) molecular information should be used to refine the genetic relationships between individuals within the programme. Phenotypic information on a diagnostic trait could also be integrated as a management criterion, but this strategy could conflict with the objective of maintaining the highest levels of genetic diversity. In this study we used data from 19 individuals, founders of the recovery programme of the Iberian pig Dorado strain and genotyped for 19 microsatellites, to test the optimal way to combine all information (i.e. pedigree, molecular markers and values for a morphological index) and the consequences of each decision on the genetic structure of the population. Results show that it is possible to find equilibrium solutions where, for example, 43% of increase in the average levels of the trait of interest can be reached with just a 4% of loss in genetic diversity and almost no increase in the inbreeding coefficient. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Biblioteca pública en la ribera del río Manzanares (Madrid). Convocatoria Febrero. Plan 1996. Proyecto fin de carrera. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura

El desenvolvimiento en el tiempo de subpoblaciones aisladas adscritas a un mismo tipo racial es el origen de la diversidad natural que surge en toda raza animal enriqueciéndola. El Cerdo Ibérico no ha sido ajeno a este proceso, acumulando a lo largo de los siglos una gran heterogeneidad intrarracial, reflejada en un valor alto (0,19) para el FST de Wright entre las subpoblaciones analizadas. En el presente trabajo abordaremos el estudio de esta diversidad genética interna del Cerdo Ibérico con especial atención a las cuatro estirpes principales (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto y Torbiscal), sin descuidar, no obstante, otras estirpes y líneas que la integran. Para ello partiremos de diferentes estudios de caracterización de las estirpes y líneas del Cerdo Ibérico. Resaltaremos no sólo sus diferencias genéticas sino también las habidas entre sus productos para consumo en fresco (solomillos), en los que la estirpe Negro Lampiño muestra los porcentajes de proteína, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) e infiltración grasa intramuscular más elevados (23.74, 17.06 y 5.28, respectivamente), definiendo una calidad diferenciada. Finalmente aportaremos una clasificación que explique la estructura interna del Cerdo Ibérico., The evolution in time of isolated subpopulations assigned to a same breed is the origin of the natural diversity that arises in any breed animal enriching it. The Iberian Pig breed has not been unaware of this process, accumulating throughout the centuries a great intra-breed heterogeneity that is reflected by a high FST value (0.19) among the subpopulations analyzed. In the present study we will undertake the assessment of the internal genetic diversity of the Iberian Pig breed with special attention to the four main strains (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto and Torbiscal), without forgetting others strains and lines that integrate Iberian Pig Breed. To that purpose, we based on different characterization studies of the strains and lines of the Iberian Pig breed. We emphasize not only their genetic differences but also the differences among their meat products for fresh consumption (tenderloin) by strain, in which Negro Lampiño shows the higher percentages of protein, water-holding capacity (ARC) and intramuscular fat infiltration (23.74, 17.06 and 5.28, respectively), defining a differentiated quality. Finally, we expose a classification to explain the population structure of the Iberian Pig Breed.

Con la aprobación de la Norma de Calidad para los productos del Cerdo Ibérico (R.D. 1469/2007 de 2 de noviembre) se establece como requisito el origen materno Ibérico puro para los productos comercializados como “de Ibérico” dentro de la Norma. Debido a la herencia materna del ADN mitocondrial, su estudio y análisis se erige como una herramienta útil en combinación con otras herramientas moleculares para garantizar el cumplimiento normativo. La secuenciación completa del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) de cerdos pertenecientes a las razas Ibérica, Duroc, Large White y Mangalitza ha permitido localizar 199 polimorfismos de base sencilla (SNP). Estos resultados forman parte de un desarrollo genómico más amplio para el análisis y genotipado del cerdo Ibérico y sus productos derivados., Study of the complete secuence of DNA mitochondrial of 4 pigs breeds to develop a molecular tool and certification of the maternal origin in the legal framework about Iberian Pig The law about the Quality Standard for Iberian pig products (RD 1469/2007 from November 2) establishes a requirement Iberian pure maternal origin for products sold as “from Iberian” within the Standard. Because of the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), its study and analysis is an useful tool in combination with other molecular tools to ensure regulatory compliance. The complete sequencing of the mtDNA from Iberian, Duroc, Large White and Mangalitza pigs allowed identifying 199 type SNP polymorphisms located in the mitochondrial genome. These results belong to a wider genomic development for the analysis and fingerprinting of the Iberian pig and its products.

Con la aprobación de la Norma de Calidad para los productos del Cerdo Ibérico (R.D. 1469/2007 de 2 de noviembre) se establece como requisito el origen materno Ibérico puro para los productos comercializados como “de Ibérico” dentro de la Norma. Debido a la herencia materna del ADN mitocondrial, su estudio y análisis se erige como una herramienta útil en combinación con otras herramientas moleculares para garantizar el cumplimiento normativo. La secuenciación completa del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) de cerdos pertenecientes a las razas Ibérica, Duroc, Large White y Mangalitza ha permitido localizar 199 polimorfismos de base sencilla (SNP). Estos resultados forman parte de un desarrollo genómico más amplio para el análisis y genotipado del cerdo Ibérico y sus productos derivados., Study of the complete secuence of DNA mitochondrial of 4 pigs breeds to develop a molecular tool and certification of the maternal origin in the legal framework about Iberian Pig The law about the Quality Standard for Iberian pig products (RD 1469/2007 from November 2) establishes a requirement Iberian pure maternal origin for products sold as “from Iberian” within the Standard. Because of the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), its study and analysis is an useful tool in combination with other molecular tools to ensure regulatory compliance. The complete sequencing of the mtDNA from Iberian, Duroc, Large White and Mangalitza pigs allowed identifying 199 type SNP polymorphisms located in the mitochondrial genome. These results belong to a wider genomic development for the analysis and fingerprinting of the Iberian pig and its products.

El desenvolvimiento en el tiempo de subpoblaciones aisladas adscritas a un mismo tipo racial es el origen de la diversidad natural que surge en toda raza animal enriqueciéndola. El Cerdo Ibérico no ha sido ajeno a este proceso, acumulando a lo largo de los siglos una gran heterogeneidad intrarracial, reflejada en un valor alto (0,19) para el FST de Wright entre las subpoblaciones analizadas. En el presente trabajo abordaremos el estudio de esta diversidad genética interna del Cerdo Ibérico con especial atención a las cuatro estirpes principales (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto y Torbiscal), sin descuidar, no obstante, otras estirpes y líneas que la integran. Para ello partiremos de diferentes estudios de caracterización de las estirpes y líneas del Cerdo Ibérico. Resaltaremos no sólo sus diferencias genéticas sino también las habidas entre sus productos para consumo en fresco (solomillos), en los que la estirpe Negro Lampiño muestra los porcentajes de proteína, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) e infiltración grasa intramuscular más elevados (23.74, 17.06 y 5.28, respectivamente), definiendo una calidad diferenciada. Finalmente aportaremos una clasificación que explique la estructura interna del Cerdo Ibérico., The evolution in time of isolated subpopulations assigned to a same breed is the origin of the natural diversity that arises in any breed animal enriching it. The Iberian Pig breed has not been unaware of this process, accumulating throughout the centuries a great intra-breed heterogeneity that is reflected by a high FST value (0.19) among the subpopulations analyzed. In the present study we will undertake the assessment of the internal genetic diversity of the Iberian Pig breed with special attention to the four main strains (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto and Torbiscal), without forgetting others strains and lines that integrate Iberian Pig Breed. To that purpose, we based on different characterization studies of the strains and lines of the Iberian Pig breed. We emphasize not only their genetic differences but also the differences among their meat products for fresh consumption (tenderloin) by strain, in which Negro Lampiño shows the higher percentages of protein, water-holding capacity (ARC) and intramuscular fat infiltration (23.74, 17.06 and 5.28, respectively), defining a differentiated quality. Finally, we expose a classification to explain the population structure of the Iberian Pig Breed.

El desenvolvimiento en el tiempo de subpoblaciones aisladas adscritas a un mismo tipo racial es el origen de la diversidad natural que surge en toda raza animal enriqueciéndola. El Cerdo Ibérico no ha sido ajeno a este proceso, acumulando a lo largo de los siglos una gran heterogeneidad intrarracial, reflejada en un valor alto (0,19) para el FST de Wright entre las subpoblaciones analizadas. En el presente trabajo abordaremos el estudio de esta diversidad genética interna del Cerdo Ibérico con especial atención a las cuatro estirpes principales (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto y Torbiscal), sin descuidar, no obstante, otras estirpes y líneas que la integran. Para ello partiremos de diferentes estudios de caracterización de las estirpes y líneas del Cerdo Ibérico. Resaltaremos no sólo sus diferencias genéticas sino también las habidas entre sus productos para consumo en fresco (solomillos), en los que la estirpe Negro Lampiño muestra los porcentajes de proteína, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) e infiltración grasa intramuscular más elevados (23.74, 17.06 y 5.28, respectivamente), definiendo una calidad diferenciada. Finalmente aportaremos una clasificación que explique la estructura interna del Cerdo Ibérico., The evolution in time of isolated subpopulations assigned to a same breed is the origin of the natural diversity that arises in any breed animal enriching it. The Iberian Pig breed has not been unaware of this process, accumulating throughout the centuries a great intra-breed heterogeneity that is reflected by a high FST value (0.19) among the subpopulations analyzed. In the present study we will undertake the assessment of the internal genetic diversity of the Iberian Pig breed with special attention to the four main strains (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto and Torbiscal), without forgetting others strains and lines that integrate Iberian Pig Breed. To that purpose, we based on different characterization studies of the strains and lines of the Iberian Pig breed. We emphasize not only their genetic differences but also the differences among their meat products for fresh consumption (tenderloin) by strain, in which Negro Lampiño shows the higher percentages of protein, water-holding capacity (ARC) and intramuscular fat infiltration (23.74, 17.06 and 5.28, respectively), defining a differentiated quality. Finally, we expose a classification to explain the population structure of the Iberian Pig Breed.

Con la aprobación de la Norma de Calidad para los productos del Cerdo Ibérico (R.D. 1469/2007 de 2 de noviembre) se establece como requisito el origen materno Ibérico puro para los productos comercializados como “de Ibérico” dentro de la Norma. Debido a la herencia materna del ADN mitocondrial, su estudio y análisis se erige como una herramienta útil en combinación con otras herramientas moleculares para garantizar el cumplimiento normativo. La secuenciación completa del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) de cerdos pertenecientes a las razas Ibérica, Duroc, Large White y Mangalitza ha permitido localizar 199 polimorfismos de base sencilla (SNP). Estos resultados forman parte de un desarrollo genómico más amplio para el análisis y genotipado del cerdo Ibérico y sus productos derivados., Study of the complete secuence of DNA mitochondrial of 4 pigs breeds to develop a molecular tool and certification of the maternal origin in the legal framework about Iberian Pig The law about the Quality Standard for Iberian pig products (RD 1469/2007 from November 2) establishes a requirement Iberian pure maternal origin for products sold as “from Iberian” within the Standard. Because of the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), its study and analysis is an useful tool in combination with other molecular tools to ensure regulatory compliance. The complete sequencing of the mtDNA from Iberian, Duroc, Large White and Mangalitza pigs allowed identifying 199 type SNP polymorphisms located in the mitochondrial genome. These results belong to a wider genomic development for the analysis and fingerprinting of the Iberian pig and its products.

Con la aprobación de la Norma de Calidad para los productos del Cerdo Ibérico (R.D. 1469/2007 de 2 de noviembre) se establece como requisito el origen materno Ibérico puro para los productos comercializados como “de Ibérico” dentro de la Norma. Debido a la herencia materna del ADN mitocondrial, su estudio y análisis se erige como una herramienta útil en combinación con otras herramientas moleculares para garantizar el cumplimiento normativo. La secuenciación completa del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt) de cerdos pertenecientes a las razas Ibérica, Duroc, Large White y Mangalitza ha permitido localizar 199 polimorfismos de base sencilla (SNP). Estos resultados forman parte de un desarrollo genómico más amplio para el análisis y genotipado del cerdo Ibérico y sus productos derivados., Study of the complete secuence of DNA mitochondrial of 4 pigs breeds to develop a molecular tool and certification of the maternal origin in the legal framework about Iberian Pig The law about the Quality Standard for Iberian pig products (RD 1469/2007 from November 2) establishes a requirement Iberian pure maternal origin for products sold as “from Iberian” within the Standard. Because of the maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), its study and analysis is an useful tool in combination with other molecular tools to ensure regulatory compliance. The complete sequencing of the mtDNA from Iberian, Duroc, Large White and Mangalitza pigs allowed identifying 199 type SNP polymorphisms located in the mitochondrial genome. These results belong to a wider genomic development for the analysis and fingerprinting of the Iberian pig and its products.

El desenvolvimiento en el tiempo de subpoblaciones aisladas adscritas a un mismo tipo racial es el origen de la diversidad natural que surge en toda raza animal enriqueciéndola. El Cerdo Ibérico no ha sido ajeno a este proceso, acumulando a lo largo de los siglos una gran heterogeneidad intrarracial, reflejada en un valor alto (0,19) para el FST de Wright entre las subpoblaciones analizadas. En el presente trabajo abordaremos el estudio de esta diversidad genética interna del Cerdo Ibérico con especial atención a las cuatro estirpes principales (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto y Torbiscal), sin descuidar, no obstante, otras estirpes y líneas que la integran. Para ello partiremos de diferentes estudios de caracterización de las estirpes y líneas del Cerdo Ibérico. Resaltaremos no sólo sus diferencias genéticas sino también las habidas entre sus productos para consumo en fresco (solomillos), en los que la estirpe Negro Lampiño muestra los porcentajes de proteína, capacidad de retención de agua (CRA) e infiltración grasa intramuscular más elevados (23.74, 17.06 y 5.28, respectivamente), definiendo una calidad diferenciada. Finalmente aportaremos una clasificación que explique la estructura interna del Cerdo Ibérico., The evolution in time of isolated subpopulations assigned to a same breed is the origin of the natural diversity that arises in any breed animal enriching it. The Iberian Pig breed has not been unaware of this process, accumulating throughout the centuries a great intra-breed heterogeneity that is reflected by a high FST value (0.19) among the subpopulations analyzed. In the present study we will undertake the assessment of the internal genetic diversity of the Iberian Pig breed with special attention to the four main strains (Negro Lampiño, Entrepelado, Retinto and Torbiscal), without forgetting others strains and lines that integrate Iberian Pig Breed. To that purpose, we based on different characterization studies of the strains and lines of the Iberian Pig breed. We emphasize not only their genetic differences but also the differences among their meat products for fresh consumption (tenderloin) by strain, in which Negro Lampiño shows the higher percentages of protein, water-holding capacity (ARC) and intramuscular fat infiltration (23.74, 17.06 and 5.28, respectively), defining a differentiated quality. Finally, we expose a classification to explain the population structure of the Iberian Pig Breed.