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This research explores the attitudinal and cognitive mediators of the relationship between political group membership and different modes of offline political participation. Specifically, this paper examines the mediating role of political interest, political knowledge, internal political efficacy, and subjective norms. For comparative purposes, the analysis considers membership in two types of political groups: political parties and social movements. The empirical study was based on a sample of 824 adults from Quito-Ecuador. The data were analyzed using serial multiple mediator models. The results indicate that: a) party membership mainly favors conventional participation, while belonging to social movements mobilizes protest participation more strongly. b) for the two types of membership, the hypothesized mediators were significant, explaining mostly the relationship with conventional participation; and c) political interest acts as the most relevant mediator. The final section discusses the findings of the study, including implications, limitations and recommendations for future research., Esta investigación explora los mediadores actitudinales y cognitivos de la relación entre pertenencia a grupos políticos y diferentes modalidades de participación política offline. Específicamente, se examina el papel mediador del interés en la política, el conocimiento político, la eficacia política interna y las normas subjetivas. Para fines comparativos, el análisis aborda la membrecía a dos tipos de agrupaciones políticas: partidos políticos y movimientos sociales. El estudio empírico se basó en una muestra de 824 personas adultas de Quito-Ecuador. Los datos se analizaron a través de modelos de mediación múltiple serial. Los resultados indican que: a) la membrecía a partidos favorece principalmente la participación convencional, mientras que pertenecer a movimientos sociales moviliza con mayor fuerza la participación protesta; b) para los dos tipos de membrecía, los mediadores hipotetizados fueron significativos, explicando mayoritariamente la relación con la participación convencional; y c) el interés político actúa como el mediador más relevante. En el apartado final se discuten los hallazgos realizados, incluyendo implicaciones, limitaciones y recomendaciones para futuros estudios.

This Master’s thesis investigates strategies for Yonderland, Europe's largest premium outdoor retailer, to attract and retain Generation Z, a demographic not previously targeted by the company. Through extensive research, including qualitative and quantitative methods, a literature review, interviews with stakeholders, and multiple creative sessions, a comprehensive strategy was formulated for Yonderland and the focus subsidiaries — Bever, A.S Adventure, and Cotswold Outdoor — to appeal to Generation Z's unique preferences and behaviors. Key findings reveals Generation Z, born between 1995 and 2010, as digital natives who value social consciousness, authenticity, and transparency in their brand interactions. This demographic heavily relies on social commerce and peer recommendations, incorporating digital seamlessly into their lifestyles, which influences their loyalty and purchasing decisions. Despite an interest in premium outdoor products, Yonderland initially overlooked the potential of engaging with this demographic, missing significant sale opportunities. The research suggests a strategic pivot towards building authentic connections with Generation Z by emphasizing environmental and social values, and utilizing digital platforms like TikTok for effective engagement. Highlighting the role of over a million Gen Z creators on social media, the strategy focuses on leveraging these influencers to foster genuine interactions and product discovery, emphasizing the importance of authenticity and relatability in marketing efforts. The research critiques Yonderland's existing loyalty programs for their transactional focus, which fails to resonate with Generation Z's values of self-expression, inclusivity, and personalization. It further identifies issues such as a one-size-fitsall approach, lack of meaningful customer journey integration, and underutilization of customer data for personalized experiences. This misalignment underscores the need for a strategic overhaul o, Strategic Product Design

A populist surge in Europe is affecting Euro-Mediterranean cooperation 25 years after the Barcelona Process was launched, reinforcing existing trends of de-Europeanization and renationalization of foreign policies. This article analyses the landscape of political contestation of Mediterranean cooperation in Europe in a new age of populism, focusing on France, Italy and Spain as well as the Visegrad 4 states that have turned from bystanders to veto players in Mediterranean affairs. We find that the 'thick' ideologies from which populists are borrowing condition the thrust of their influence. The impact of right-wing populism trumps that of its left-wing counterpart in quantity and quality, while market-liberal populism is in decline and regional populism is mainly an issue only in Spain. Populism has personalized decision-making and shaped political agendas directly and indirectly, most notably on migration. It has whitewashed authoritarian leaders in the southern Mediterranean and fragmented the European Union's position on key issues such as the Arab-Israeli conflict. National interests and the weight of institutions have, however, formed a counterbalance to the focus on migration emanating from domestic politics. Populism alone cannot be blamed for renationalization trends that have existed before, but it does build on and reinforce them.

Do autocracies cooperate internationally? This working paper investigates whether regime-type explains co-sponsorship patterns at the United Nations General Assembly. Co-sponsorship is a relatively costly signal of international cooperation at the UN, which is analyzed based on a novel dataset, including newly validated issue categories and co-sponsorship behavior on 14.995 draft resolutions. Theoretically, the paper unifies three strands of literature: the recent literature on autocratic regional organizations, the growing literature on foreign policy of autocratic regimes and the traditional analysis of the United Nations. The results suggest that regime-type plays a strong role in co-sponsorship behavior: democracies co-sponsor with their peers, whereas autocracies, in line with existing findings, cooperate overall less at the UN. They do, however, prefer to co-sponsor with one another over partners of other regime-types. This seems to be particularly true in issue areas where autocratic regimes could attempt to counter democratic norm-setting, such as human rights. There is mixed results concerning the effect of autocratic regional organizations on autocratic co-sponsorship. Preliminary results suggest at least some positive effect on autocracies and highlight the need for further research.

Das föderalistische politische System der demokratischen Republik Österreich ermöglicht durch Wahlen legitimierte Volksvertretung auf drei Ebenen: dem Bund, den Bundesländern und den Gemeinden. Basierend auf umfassenden Datensätzen geht dieser Beitrag der Frage nach, inwiefern sich die demokratisch legitimierten politischen RepräsentantInnen dieser drei politischen Ebenen in Bezug auf Parteizugehörigkeit und Geschlecht voneinander (vertikal) und innerhalb der substaatlichen Ebenen (horizontal) voneinander unterscheiden. Anhand der systematischen statistischen Auswertung von Daten der letzten 30 Jahre wird deutlich, dass es in Österreich anhaltende horizontale sowie vertikale Repräsentationsdifferenzen gibt. Als mögliche Gründe für die spezifisch österreichischen Differenzen werden unter anderem historische Ursachen diskutiert. Mögliche Auswirkungen der regionalen Repräsentationsdifferenzen hingegen sind manifeste subnationale Unterschiede des politischen Outcomes und Outputs in den von Gemeinden und Ländern dominierten Politikfeldern.

Le couvert nival joue un rôle important dans le cycle hydrologique du Québec. Les approches par télédétection satellitaire du suivi quotidien du couvert nival saisonnier ont atteint divers degrés de maturité et certaines d’entre elles nécessitent d’être améliorées. Les provinces du Québec-et Labrador (Est du Canada) constituent un défi pour l’élaboration de telles approches en raison des conditions particulières d’enneigement (un couvert nival épais) et de la nature très diversifiée de la couverture végétale (toundra, taiga, forêt boréale, forêt de feuillus, forêt mixte, perturbations, terres humides, zones agricoles et zones urbaines). Le sujet de la présente thèse concerne le développement et la validation de nouvelles stratégies de cartographie de l’étendue spatiale du couvert nival saisonnier au Québec-et-Labrador à partir des données optiques et infrarouge thermique du capteur NOAA-AVHRR (1 km). Les objectifs de recherche sont : (1) développer un algorithme de classification à seuils adaptatifs à la température de l’air et à l’occupation du sol à partir des données du capteur AVHRR pour le suivi quotidien des catégories de surfaces neige, non-neige et nuage; (2) d’adapter l’algorithme de classification à seuils adaptatifs à la température de l’air et à l’occupation du sol aux approches de logique floue et (3) d’estimation d’ensemble pour obtenir des probabilités d’appartenance aux catégories de surfaces neige, non-neige et nuage et réduire des erreurs de classification (erreurs d’omission et/ou de commission); (4) de valider les algorithmes de cartographie ainsi développés avec les images de haute résolution spatiale LANDSAT (30 m) et d’y réaliser une analyse comparative de validation avec les produits de neige disponibles sur la région d’étude, c’est-à-dire IMS (4 km), MODIS (500 m) et la version de l’algorithme AVHRR à seuils adaptatifs au jour julien (AVHRR DOY) développé par Chokmani et al. (2009) quelques années plus tôt. L’algorithme AVHRR à seuils adapta

This paper studies participation behavior, organizational commitment, perceived value and attitudinal loyalty as psychological and behavioral antecedents of the intention to use the services offered by professional associations to their members. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted and the technique used was partial least squares (PLS). The findings highlight the importance of membership commitment and attitudinal loyalty, which have a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between perceived value and intention to use. This study contributes to the literature on professional associations, due to the scarce research on the relationships between psychological and behavioral variables linked to the member-association relationship. Additionally, to date, the constructs involved had not been integrated into a comprehensive research framework in the field of professional associations. The implications for management are the new ways to improve the intention to use the services of professional associations suggested by our findings.

Purpose: This study aims at examining the impacts of manufacture’s social identity on their tax attitudes, and how these effects on firm’s tax compliance, and used a qualitative method Theoretical framework: Two techniques are distinguished in Devos' (2014) Compliance Theory: the Economic Deterrence Approach and the Psychological Approach. Research by Scott & Grasmick (1998) as cited in Trivedi, Shehata & Lynn (2003) examined that even if economic elements are crucial for evaluating compliance behavior, they are insufficient to fully explain the level of compliance. Design/methodology/approach: The sample of the study are 101 respondents. This study uses quantitative methods to collect, process, and analyze data to draw empirical conclusions. Findings: The data from 101 respondents reported that membership and identity affect their firm’s tax compliance, but not private collective self-esteem and public collective self-esteem. The result shows that dependence on the community and stakeholder views on corporate identity are considered important by companies in order to increase public trust. Meanwhile, private and public collective self-esteem is no longer the key. It implies that the former is more likely to have a higher cost of tax collection to represent tax compliance, which may restrict funds for their public sector and adversely affects its functionality. This is consistent with the previous findings that identity socially impacted tax compliance, instead of self-esteem. Research, Practical & Social implications: Research results for manufacturing managers related to strengthening social identity factors in order to improve overall corporate tax compliance, such as joining tax communities, professional memberships, and the like. By having a clear social identity, managers have channels to discuss tax issues and find solutions to tax problems more easily. Originality/value: The tax compliance issues findings related to self esteem approach having ne

In this paper, we describe the construction and assessment of membershipto a football barra bravafrom the voices of a group of former members. We developed semistructured inter-views with seven former members of the barra brava Trinchera Norte(Peru), who attended the stadiums in the 1990s and played a leading role in the barra brava. The participants tell us that they built their membership from the interaction with a group of peers who shared an interest in a soccer team. In this group, behaviors that they assumed and that stand out today were developed and defined. Thus, they value camaraderie, resilience, pride and the fight for their goals and ideals as significant learning that they continue to apply in their lives., En este trabajo describimos la construcción y valoración de la pertenencia a una barra brava de fútbol desde las voces de un grupo de exintegrantes. Desarrollamos entrevistas semi estructuradas con siete exintegrantes de la barra brava Trinchera Norte (Perú), que asistían a los esta-dios en la década de 1990 y ejercían un rol protagónico en la barra brava. Los participantes nos relatan que construyeron su pertenencia a partir de la interacción con un grupo de pares que compartían el interés por un equipo de fútbol. En este grupo se desarrollaron y definieron comportamientos que asumieron y que destacan en la actualidad. Así, valoran el compañerismo, la resiliencia, el orgullo y la lucha por sus metas e ideales como aprendizajes significativos que continúan aplicando en su vida.

This paper studies participation behavior, organizational commitment, perceived value and attitudinal loyalty as psychological and behavioral antecedents of the intention to use the services offered by professional associations to their members. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted and the technique used was partial least squares (PLS). The findings highlight the importance of membership commitment and attitudinal loyalty, which have a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between perceived value and intention to use. This study contributes to the literature on professional associations, due to the scarce research on the relationships between psychological and behavioral variables linked to the member-association relationship. Additionally, to date, the constructs involved had not been integrated into a comprehensive research framework in the field of professional associations. The implications for management are the new ways to improve the intention to use the services of professional associations suggested by our findings.

This paper studies participation behavior, organizational commitment, perceived value and attitudinal loyalty as psychological and behavioral antecedents of the intention to use the services offered by professional associations to their members. For this purpose, an empirical study was conducted and the technique used was partial least squares (PLS). The findings highlight the importance of membership commitment and attitudinal loyalty, which have a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between perceived value and intention to use. This study contributes to the literature on professional associations, due to the scarce research on the relationships between psychological and behavioral variables linked to the member-association relationship. Additionally, to date, the constructs involved had not been integrated into a comprehensive research framework in the field of professional associations. The implications for management are the new ways to improve the intention to use the services of professional associations suggested by our findings.

Majoriteten av Sveriges jordbruksföretag drivs av få personer, vilket till stor del är tack vare den tekniska utvecklingen av maskiner som idag ersätter mycket fysiskt arbete. Sedan år 1990 har antalet jordbruksföretag i Sverige minskat med 39 % till följd av en hård konkurrens från både utlandet och stora bolag nationellt. Det är därmed svårt för mindre jordbruk att överleva vilket förklarar varför storskaligt, mer specialiserat, produktionsjordbruk blivit alltmer utbrett. För att enskilda jordbrukare ska bli mer konkurrenskraftiga kan de öka sina förhandlingsmöjligheter genom att arbeta utifrån en kooperativ affärsmodell som bygger på den demokratiska principen att en medlem har en röst. Det innebär att kooperativet styrs av medlemmarna som i sin tur både nyttjar och äger den kooperativa organisationen. Genom att skogs- eller lantbrukaren innehar ett medlemskap i kooperativet förväntas det ge ett värde. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som medlemmar i skogs- och lantbrukskooperativ oberoende av inriktning upplever skapar värde utifrån teorin om socialt kapital. För att besvara studiens forskningsfråga har en kvalitativ fallstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts där totalt tre medlemmar i skogs- och/eller lantbrukskooperativ deltagit. Frågorna utgick från vilka för- och nackdelar de upplever med sitt medlemskap, hur relationen ser ut till andra medlemmar och vilka långsiktiga förväntningar de har på sitt medlemskap. Resultatet av studien visar att trygghet och tillit är viktiga faktorer för att medlemmarna ska uppleva värde både nu och på lång sikt. Detta genom att få god ekonomisk avkastning och bra avräkningspriser för råvaran. Resultatet visar också vikten av lojalitet hos hela medlemskåren för att uppleva värde och då engagera sig i kooperativet. Resultatet visar att medlemmarna upplever tillit till kooperativet som helhet där medlemmar tillsammans bidrar till den ekonomiska avkastningen som de upplever skapar trygghet. Det var, Most of Sweden's agricultural companies are run by a few people, which is largely thanks to the technological development of machines that now have replaced the need of physical work. Since 1990, the number of agricultural companies in Sweden has decreased by 39% because of fierce competition from both abroad and large national companies. It is thus difficult for smaller farms to survive, which explains why large-scale, more specialized, production agriculture has become increasingly widespread. For individual farmers to become more competitive, they can increase their bargaining power by working from a cooperative business model based on the democratic principle of one member having one vote. This means that the cooperative is controlled by the members, who in turn both use and own the cooperative organization. By the forester or farmer holding a membership in the cooperative, it is expected to provide value. This study aims to investigate which factors that member of forestry and agricultural cooperatives, regardless of orientation, experience as creating value based on the theory of social capital. To answer the study's research question, a qualitative case study with semi-structured interviews was conducted in which a total of three members of forestry and/or agricultural cooperatives participated. The questions were based on the pros and cons they experience with their membership, what the relationship looks like with other members and what long-term expectations they have of their membership. The results of the study show that security and trust are important factors for the members to experience value both now and in the long term. This by getting a good financial return and good settlement prices for the raw material. The result also shows the importance of loyalty among the entire membership to experience value and then engage in the cooperative. The result shows that the members feel trust in the cooperative, where members together contribute to the financ

The role of a pastor comprises many duties and responsibilities within the church; some have led to chaos. Clinton et al. (2005), states many churches are mired in a significant leadership crisis (p. 10). Pastors are called to lead people in spiritual growth, with the end goal of parishioners living a mature spiritual life for the sake of Christ, not the contrary. The enormity of pastoral leadership has a lasting effect. Kristin Tabb (2017) claims that relatively minor church hurts leave people with a burned-out feeling during service, while the more serious wounds leave parishioners soul-scarred and physically sick at the thought of walking in the church doors (para. 3). Thus, many churches are experiencing a phenomenon that is misdiagnosed. Andrea Morris (2020) states parishioners are still attending the same church, but they also ‘church hop’ (CBN News, para. 4). The richest religious, geographical location in the United States, once considered as the ‘Bible Belt’ by H.L. Menchen in 1925, churches are going through a cultural change in its church membership (Brunn et al., 2011, para. 1). In this study ten former female members were interviewed from five Baptist churches in South Carolina. This phenomenological qualitative research sought to understand and shed light on pastoral leadership as the perceived attributing factor to why church members are leaving one church to join another in South Carolina. The participants in this study represented five different churches in South Carolina. Each participant suggested that their reason for leaving a church to join another was due to their lived experiences with pastoral leadership. Keywords: Church Membership, Pastoral Leadership, Servant leadership

Ready to Rent envisions a fashion rental hub that provides the rental, delivery, and maintenance of a wide range of clothing options. It supports a model of usership in fashion consumption by offering clothing as a service rather than a purchasable product. The fully automated processing facilities handle used garments used garments for user-to-user transfer in a vertical assembly line, ensuring Good as New certification guaranteeing the same quality standards than the shop floor. Collection and drop-off lockers located throughout the city facilitate the transfer of rental garments and empower unboxing, packaging, and fitting at home, challenging traditional retail settings. Ready to Rent, located in Rotterdam’s innovative M4H district, offers a unique solution for fashion consumption and supports it as a means of aspirational self-expression., https://vimeo.com/794922003 Individual Video https://vimeo.com/794786699 Collective Video, Fashion House, The Berlage Post-MSc in Architecture and Urban Design

Purpose: In light of this, the current study aims to evaluate the management practices of major family business operations in India. Theoretical references: Cadbury (1992) defines business governance as the operational and managerial framework of an organization guided by its purpose and principles. Methods: The research scrutinizes governance practices of major family firms on the Bombay Stock Exchange, concentrating on the top 30 contributing to the SENSEX. Governance factors include board structure, meeting frequency, market capitalization, and social responsibility initiatives. Results: The findings provide insights into the corporate governance strategies of Indian family-run enterprises, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of their governance practices. The study underscores the need for enhanced gender diversity and sustained adherence to governance norms. Limitations of Research: The limitations of this study include a potential lack of generalizability due to the focus on specific family-run companies in the Indian context. Originality: This study unveils the corporate governance dynamics within Indian family businesses, showcasing their adherence to ethical practices, compliance with regulatory frameworks, and distinctive governance patterns.

In the literature on refugeehood in political theory, there has been a recent turn towards what have been called "state system legitimacy" views. These views derive an account of states' obligations to refugees from a broader picture of the conditions for international legitimacy. This paper seeks to develop the state system legitimacy view of refugeehood by subjecting the most developed version of it-the account developed by David Owen-to critical scrutiny. We diagnose an ambiguity in Owen's theory of refugeehood, in the concept of political membership, and unpack the implications of this ambiguity for state system legitimacy views. First, we reconstruct the key aspects of Owen's account of refugeehood and show how it represents an advance over competing theories. Then we discuss the methodological underpinnings of Owen's account, showing the constraints and opportunities faced by state system legitimacy views. Next, we raise some problems for the conceptual distinctions that Owen develops between different types of refugee protection: asylum, sanctuary, and refuge. The underlying feature that leads to these problems is an ambiguity in the concept of political membership, which is at the core of Owen's view of refugeehood. Finally, we distinguish two interpretations of political membership in the institution of refugeehood and chart out some possible ways forward for state system legitimacy views. The critique developed here is a sympathetic one, aimed at the further development of state system legitimacy views.

This dissertation shows that ethnic background plays a decisive role in the likelihood that Dutch citizens will become and stay members of football clubs. Drawing on data of more than two million club members over ten years, it concludes that members of all backgrounds prefer clubs with a high degree of ethnic peers and few ethnic differences between members. This not only results in a substantial degree of ethnic segregation between clubs, but particularly affects the membership of ethnic minorities, whose small group sizes rather than ‘culture’ lead to high dropout rates. At the same time, overall minority participation in amateur football has continued to rise, with some minority groups showing higher membership rates than citizens with Dutch backgrounds. While this is surely a cause for optimism, policy makers and practitioners should also be wary of an increased fleetingness of membership ties. As the ethnic diversity of clubs continues to increase, so will the turnover of their members. This means that ethnically diverse clubs are more likely to struggle with securing a sufficiently stable membership base, which could put the continuity of these mutual aid organizations in jeopardy. It is therefore recommended that government and sports organizations lend additional support to clubs to curtail these challenges, so that they may continue to serve as one of the primary sports providers and meeting places for both current and future generations from all ethnic backgrounds.

This article describes the possibility of achieving the formation of professional competence of future professionals by providing interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary integration in the field of mechanical engineering.

The term "change management" was born mainly with IT projects. These projects have resulted in the adoption of project management methods with phases of functional analysis with users to collect their needs and their support. In parallel with the work of Kanter (1983) on resistance, support systems for change have been proposed, in particular by consulting firms. To establish a synthetic framework of all the perspectives and positioning of the literature on the subject of the management of change in the information system, we will be interested in the context of this article, to expose the different models related to the management of change. in general, and the management of change in the information system in particular, Le terme « conduite du changement » a vu le jour essentiellement avec les projets informatiques. Ces projets ont eu pour conséquence d’adopter des méthodes de gestion de projets avec des phases d’analyse fonctionnelle auprès des utilisateurs pour recueillir leurs besoins et leur adhésion. Parallèlement aux travaux de Kanter (1983) sur les résistances, des dispositifs d’accompagnement au changement ont été proposés notamment par les cabinets de conseil. Pour fonder un cadre synthétique de toutes les perspectives et positionnement de la littérature sur le sujet de la conduite du changement du système d’information, nous nous intéresserons dans le cadre de cet article, à exposer les différents modèles en rapport avec la conduite du changement en général, et la conduite du changement du système d’information en particulier

The term "change management" was born mainly with IT projects. These projects have resulted in the adoption of project management methods with phases of functional analysis with users to collect their needs and their support. In parallel with the work of Kanter (1983) on resistance, support systems for change have been proposed, in particular by consulting firms. To establish a synthetic framework of all the perspectives and positioning of the literature on the subject of the management of change in the information system, we will be interested in the context of this article, to expose the different models related to the management of change. in general, and the management of change in the information system in particular, Le terme « conduite du changement » a vu le jour essentiellement avec les projets informatiques. Ces projets ont eu pour conséquence d’adopter des méthodes de gestion de projets avec des phases d’analyse fonctionnelle auprès des utilisateurs pour recueillir leurs besoins et leur adhésion. Parallèlement aux travaux de Kanter (1983) sur les résistances, des dispositifs d’accompagnement au changement ont été proposés notamment par les cabinets de conseil. Pour fonder un cadre synthétique de toutes les perspectives et positionnement de la littérature sur le sujet de la conduite du changement du système d’information, nous nous intéresserons dans le cadre de cet article, à exposer les différents modèles en rapport avec la conduite du changement en général, et la conduite du changement du système d’information en particulier

Während russische Panzer und Artillerie nach Charkiw und Kiew vorstießen, unter­zeichnete Präsident Wolodymyr Selenskyj ein Aufnahmegesuch an die EU. Er fordert eine besondere Aufnahmeprozedur, die die Ukraine schnell in die EU führt. Die Ukraine strebt nicht erst unter Raketenbeschuss eine EU-Mitgliedschaft an; sie sieht - ähnlich wie Moldau und Georgien - in ihrem heutigen Status der Assoziation mit der EU nur eine Vorstufe zum Beitritt. Der Antrag vom 28. Februar ist ein Hilferuf aus dem schrecklichen Krieg heraus. Erste Antworten aus der Kommission und dem Euro­päischen Parlament bezeugten zwar viel politische Sympathie für das Drängen der Ukraine. Dennoch stellen die EU-Spitzen keine schnelle Mitgliedschaft in Aussicht. Die Zurückhaltung entspringt der Erfahrung, dass Aufnahmeverhandlungen in der Regel anspruchsvoll und langwierig sind, es also keine Abkürzungen zum Ziel gibt. Es gibt aber auch Interessen der EU, die selbst einer expliziten Beitrittsperspektive entgegenstehen. In jedem Fall sollte die EU ihre Politik der Integration und Koope­ration mit Ländern der Östlichen Partnerschaft sicherheitspolitisch flankieren. (Autorenreferat)

Wer sind die Menschen, die sich eine Parteimitgliedschaft vorstellen können, aber nicht beitreten? Mit den Datensätzen der Allgemeinen Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften (ALLBUS) der Jahre 2008 und 2018 liegen nunmehr größere, öffentliche und vor allem repräsentative Studien vor, die den Willen zu einer Parteiaktivität ermitteln. Mithilfe dieser Daten wird analysiert, inwieweit sozio-demografische Ressourcen, Motivation, Selbstwirksamkeit und die Einbindung in soziale Netzwerke mit dem Willen, aktiv in Parteien mitzuarbeiten, zusammenhängen. Logistische Regressionsmodelle zeigen nur einen geringen Einfluss soziodemographischer Faktoren. Allerdings sind politische Einstellungen wie beispielsweise das Vertrauen in Parteien relevant. Dies gilt vor allem für die ostdeutschen Bundesländer. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass das Civic Voluntarism Model neben einer Vielzahl von Beteiligungsformen auch - zumindest teilweise - dazu geeignet ist, eine beabsichtigte Parteiaktivität zu erklären., Who are the people who can imagine joining a political party but do not act upon it? Based on representative data from the German General Social Survey (GGSS) of the years 2008 and 2018, this study analyzes factors that have an impact on wanting to work actively in a political party. The empirical analysis investigates to what extent socio-demographic resources, motivation, self-efficacy and involvement in social networks are related to the will to actively participate in parties. The logistic regression models show little influence of socio-demographic factors. However, political attitudes, such as trust in parties, are crucial explanatory factors. This is particularly the case in eastern German states. Overall, the results suggest that the model of civic voluntarism can be used at least partially for explaining individual preferences of joining a political party.

This article contributes to debates about trade unions and the environment by studying differences between union members and non-members when asked to prioritize between environmental protection and jobs and economic growth. Differences are explored in a multi-level framework based on European Values Study data from 2017, covering 22 European countries. The empirical results show that members are more pro-environmentally inclined than non-members. This is demonstrated to be attributable to a large extent to the fact that members tend to be more left-leaning politically, a disposition which tends to be associated positively with environmental concern. While those employed in transport and manufacturing generally are least likely to be willing to prioritize environmental protection, membership has the most pronounced positive effect in this group. The tendency for members to be more pro-environmentally inclined is consistent across the studied countries. The article also shows that both members and non-members in countries with higher collective bargaining coverage tend to be more pro-environmentally inclined. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the political nature of collective interest representation with which unions are concerned, broader debates about union renewal and the importance of unions in garnering workers’ support for a greener economy.

United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) supporters and non-voters in England participate respectively in forms of engaged and disengaged anti-political activity, but the role of individual, group-based, and collective emotions is still unclear. Drawing upon recent analyses of the complex emotional dynamics (e.g., ressentiment) underpinning the growth of right-wing populist political movements and support for parties such as UKIP, this analysis explores the affective features of reactionary political stances. The framework of affective practices is used to show how resentful affects are created, facilitated, and transformed in sharing or suppressing populist political views and practices; that is, populism is evident not only in the prevalence and influence of illiberal and anti-elite discourses but also should be explored as it is embodied and enacted in "past focused" and "change resistant" everyday actions and in relation to opportunities that "sediment" affect-laden political positions and identities. Reflexive thematic analysis of data from qualitative interviews with UKIP voters and non-voters (who both supported leaving the EU) in 2015 after the UK election but before the EU referendum vote showed that many participants: 1) shared "condensed" complaints about politics and enacted resentment towards politicians who did not listen to them, 2) oriented towards shameful and purportedly shameless racism about migrants, and 3) appeared to struggle with shame and humiliation attributed to the EU in a complex combination of transvaluation of the UK and freedom of movement, a nostalgic need for restoration of national pride, and endorsement of leaving the EU as a form of "change backwards".

This article assesses the political and power dynamics of the Ordinarily Legislative Procedure (OLP) in social Europe and the likely impact of the UK's departure in the field for future integration. It provides a detailed analysis of the OLP in social Europe during two recent periods of integration in the field - the first Barroso Commission (2004-2009) and the Juncker Commission (2014-2019). It finds the dynamics of the OLP have shifted from intergovernmental deadlock during the Barroso Commission to the characteristics of a new intergovernmental core state power during the Juncker Commission, even though the policy area is not a core state power per se. Despite the use of qualified majority voting policy agreements can only be achieved when there is near unanimity support in the Council, the Commission remains a neutral broker, and the Parliament shifts its position to that of the Council. As a result, continued opposition to integration in social Europe by Northern and Eastern Members means the removal of UK political agency will have only a marginal impact on the slow and piecemeal approach to integration in the field.

As Russian tanks and artillery advanced on Kharkiv and Kyiv, President Volodymyr Zelensky signed an application to join the European Union. He called for a special admission procedure to secure swift accession for Ukraine, yet Ukraine did not first aspire to EU membership under missile fire. Much like Moldova and Georgia, it sees its current status of association with the EU as a precursor to accession. The 28 Feb­ruary application was a call for help from the dreadful war. Initial responses from the European Commission and the European Parliament indicated much political sym­pathy for Ukraine’s urgent call, but the EU leaders do not hold forth the prospect of swift accession. This restraint results from the experience that membership negotiations are generally challenging and protracted and that there are no short cuts to the goal. There are, indeed, EU interests that run counter to an explicit memership per­spective. The EU should in any case add a security component flanking its policy of integration and cooperation with Eastern Partnership countries. (author's abstract)

This article describes the possibility of achieving the formation of professional competence of future professionals by providing interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary integration in the field of mechanical engineering.

This research aims to analyze the current situation of the professional collegiate activity of social workers in the province of Cádiz, based on the direct experience of different professionals in both the public and private spheres. By means of 95 interviews carried out in 22 municipalities with graduates between 24 and 62 years of age, the article focuses on the existing impediments to becoming a member of a professional body, the difficulties in participating in professional activities and relations with the academic sphere. Nevertheless, various proposals are put forward that highlight the need to seek new formulas to encourage membership and to continue to defend the main objectives of the profession. The usefulness of these results is proposed as a means to critically reflect on the current role of professional bodies, as well as to know how to adapt the different initiatives and activities to the new members within their current problems where, for example, as shown in the work, it has to do with the economic factor., La presente investigación pretende analizar la actual situación de la actividad colegial profesional de trabajadores y trabajadoras sociales en la provincia de Cádiz, partiendo de la experiencia directa de distintos profesionales tanto del ámbito público como privado. Por medio de 95 entrevistas realizadas en 22 municipios a personas diplomadas y graduadas de entre 24 y 62 años, el artículo se detiene en los impedimentos existentes para iniciar la colegiación, las dificultades a la hora de participar en actividades profesionales y las relaciones con el ámbito académico. No obstante, se lanzan diversas propuestas que ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de buscar nuevas fórmulas que incentiven la colegiación y se sigan defendiendo los objetivos principales de la profesión. Se propone la utilidad de estos resultados como medio para reflexionar críticamente sobre el papel actual de los Colegios Profesionales, así como para saber adaptar las distintas iniciativas y actividades a las nuevas personas colegiadas dentro de sus problemáticas actuales donde por ejemplo y como se muestra en el trabajo, tiene que ver con el factor económico.

Participation in social communities is vital for all human beings. People with intellectual disability (ID) have fewer opportunities to engage and participate in social communities with peers and are therefore often exposed to loneliness and marginalization caused by social, psychological, and physical challenges. Previous studies describe how participation in team sports and other sports activities provides opportunities to build relationships, have influence, develop communication skills and thereby develop social competencies. Nevertheless, research enlightening how people with ID can develop social competencies through sports activities is very limited. This practice-oriented research project was conducted at a sports school, which offers daily sports and movement activities for adults with ID. The purpose of this study is to enlighten how participation in team sports at the school can develop social competencies in this target group. It was conducted through phenomenological and narrative inspired observations, which were analysed using theories about community, membership, bodily communication, and synchronization between individuals. The results show how team sport gives the students opportunities to experience membership in a social community, develop communication skills, and have synchronized experiences with others who have similar challenges. These experiences with synchronized energies, movements, and emotions, provide them with opportunities to experience valuable social moments with peers, which can form foundations for development.

This article presents the results of three studies that examine how the perceived opinions of others are related to sexual minorities' support for social change toward greater equality. Results of two cross-sectional studies (Study 1: N = 1,220; Study 2: N = 904) reveal that perceived intolerance (i.e., perceived intolerant societal norms) is indirectly related to intentions to engage in collective action in both negative and positive ways: the negative effect was mediated by lower perceptions of perceived efficacy; positive effects were mediated by greater anger (about the legal situation and public opinion) and greater perceived need for a movement. Study 3 (N = 408) replicates this conflicting effect with a delayed outcome measure by showing that perceived intolerant norms were indirectly, both negatively and positively, associated with actual collective action engagement. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our expanded social identity model of collective action.

As a form of state-led transnationalism, diaspora strategies have garnered much scholarly attention over the past two decades. Yet, the robust intellectual field still sees a dearth of works addressing how the power of the sending state is lived and experienced in the prosaic lives of transnationality. This paper fills the gap by examining the grounded ramifications of a specific approach that the Chinese government deploys to cultivate diaspora. It prioritizes coopting civil association leaders (hui-zhang) from populations abroad for diaspora governance. I unpack how street-level bureaucracies involved in the execution of this sending state strategy has been exploited by the Chinese entrepreneurs in Laos through qualitative fieldwork. My analysis reveals that these situated actors scrambled to set up their own diaspora associations in an attempt to make themselves hui-zhang eligible for the home country government's targeted engagement. In doing so, they accessed opportunities to appropriate and rework resources from the Chinese state for self-interested accumulation of symbolic and social capital. Both forms of capital are crucial to propel their wealth amassment in private career as intermediaries who extract commissions and kickbacks by brokering Chinese investments into Laos. Detailing these dynamics, the paper elucidates how the power of the sending state is disseminated and enacted through mundane and pragmatic improvisations of diasporic actors. Empirics presented also bring forward a nuanced understanding of the de facto convoluted relations between the Chinese government and the overseas Chinese populations. © 2021 The Author

The article reflects the importance of improving the students’ professional competence in technological education through Naqshbandiya tarikat (path of spiritual development).

The article reflects the importance of improving the students’ professional competence in technological education through Naqshbandiya tarikat (path of spiritual development).

This article describe how students develop core national and multicultural competencies . The article also pays attention to the national and cultural competence of students, the pedagogical process, teaching materials, national values, ethical relations, social environment, cultural worldview and art.Recommendations for the selection of educational materials, the pedagogical process aimed at the formation of national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with representatives of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, in order to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.This article describes how to build national and intercultural core competencies in students based on membership. The article also provides recommendations on the pedagogical process, the choice of educational materials aimed at developing students' national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with the minds of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.

This article describe how students develop core national and multicultural competencies . The article also pays attention to the national and cultural competence of students, the pedagogical process, teaching materials, national values, ethical relations, social environment, cultural worldview and art.Recommendations for the selection of educational materials, the pedagogical process aimed at the formation of national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with representatives of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, in order to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.This article describes how to build national and intercultural core competencies in students based on membership. The article also provides recommendations on the pedagogical process, the choice of educational materials aimed at developing students' national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with the minds of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.

This article describe how students develop core national and multicultural competencies . The article also pays attention to the national and cultural competence of students, the pedagogical process, teaching materials, national values, ethical relations, social environment, cultural worldview and art.Recommendations for the selection of educational materials, the pedagogical process aimed at the formation of national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with representatives of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, in order to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.This article describes how to build national and intercultural core competencies in students based on membership. The article also provides recommendations on the pedagogical process, the choice of educational materials aimed at developing students' national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with the minds of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.

This article describe how students develop core national and multicultural competencies . The article also pays attention to the national and cultural competence of students, the pedagogical process, teaching materials, national values, ethical relations, social environment, cultural worldview and art.Recommendations for the selection of educational materials, the pedagogical process aimed at the formation of national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with representatives of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, in order to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.This article describes how to build national and intercultural core competencies in students based on membership. The article also provides recommendations on the pedagogical process, the choice of educational materials aimed at developing students' national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with the minds of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.

The article reflects the importance of improving the students’ professional competence in technological education through Naqshbandiya tarikat (path of spiritual development).

This article describe how students develop core national and multicultural competencies . The article also pays attention to the national and cultural competence of students, the pedagogical process, teaching materials, national values, ethical relations, social environment, cultural worldview and art.Recommendations for the selection of educational materials, the pedagogical process aimed at the formation of national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with representatives of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, in order to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.This article describes how to build national and intercultural core competencies in students based on membership. The article also provides recommendations on the pedagogical process, the choice of educational materials aimed at developing students' national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with the minds of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.

This article describe how students develop core national and multicultural competencies . The article also pays attention to the national and cultural competence of students, the pedagogical process, teaching materials, national values, ethical relations, social environment, cultural worldview and art.Recommendations for the selection of educational materials, the pedagogical process aimed at the formation of national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with representatives of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, in order to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.This article describes how to build national and intercultural core competencies in students based on membership. The article also provides recommendations on the pedagogical process, the choice of educational materials aimed at developing students' national and intercultural profile competencies. Today, the teacher's activity in the field of spiritual and moral education is of a very responsible nature and requires, first of all, the formation of an objective attitude towards mass culture among students. In this sense, the teacher must work in collaboration with the minds of art and culture in order to master innovations in this area, to be able to deeply analyze the situation in all its aspects.

As a form of state-led transnationalism, diaspora strategies have garnered much scholarly attention over the past two decades. Yet, the robust intellectual field still sees a dearth of works addressing how the power of the sending state is lived and experienced in the prosaic lives of transnationality. This paper fills the gap by examining the grounded ramifications of a specific approach that the Chinese government deploys to cultivate diaspora. It prioritizes coopting civil association leaders (hui-zhang) from populations abroad for diaspora governance. I unpack how street-level bureaucracies involved in the execution of this sending state strategy has been exploited by the Chinese entrepreneurs in Laos through qualitative fieldwork. My analysis reveals that these situated actors scrambled to set up their own diaspora associations in an attempt to make themselves hui-zhang eligible for the home country government's targeted engagement. In doing so, they accessed opportunities to appropriate and rework resources from the Chinese state for self-interested accumulation of symbolic and social capital. Both forms of capital are crucial to propel their wealth amassment in private career as intermediaries who extract commissions and kickbacks by brokering Chinese investments into Laos. Detailing these dynamics, the paper elucidates how the power of the sending state is disseminated and enacted through mundane and pragmatic improvisations of diasporic actors. Empirics presented also bring forward a nuanced understanding of the de facto convoluted relations between the Chinese government and the overseas Chinese populations. © 2021 The Author

This thesis concerns the treatment of temporary migrant workers in Australia. Within the last 20 years, migration programs have swung from facilitating and encouraging permanent settlement in Australia to embracing large-scale temporary labour migration. Certain sectors of employment have become reliant on temporary migrant workers — such as agriculture, hospitality, aged care, cleaning, security, and construction. This trend towards an embrace of temporary labour migration has been accompanied by growing concerns about the mistreatment of temporary migrant workers in Australia. Numerous reports, inquiries, and investigations have revealed widespread patterns of their abuse and mistreatment. The term ‘exploitation’ is routinely used to describe the abuse and mistreatment of temporary migrant workers in Australia, yet there has been little theoretical engagement with the concept of ‘exploitation’. It is rarely defined and is most often used to describe conduct that is already unlawful. I argue that there is a need to use the term with greater precision. I introduce the concepts of ‘transactional’ and ‘structural’ exploitation to examine the exploitation of temporary migrant workers in Australia, and to evaluate recent legal reforms. Additionally, the treatment of temporary migrant workers is seen as a very contemporary issue. It is seen as a departure from the norm of Australia as a nation of permanent settlers. Yet, there are important historical antecedents of contemporary temporary labour migration in Australia — the significance of which have been overlooked. I argue that Australia’s labour migration history foretells much about the nature of temporary labour migration today, especially concerning the role of the State in relation to the treatment of temporary migrant workers. Fundamentally, temporary migrant workers participate in the Australian labour market on an unequal basis. This is the case irrespective of whether their employers comply with existing workp

This article analyses the formal and lived organisation of the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD, Alternative for Germany). We show that the party is exceptional among what is usually understood as the populist radical right (PRR) party family, at least from an organisational perspective: The AfD sharply contradicts the “standard model” of PRR party organisation, which emphasises "charismatic" leadership and the centralisation of power as key features. Instead, studying the AfD's efforts to adopt some elements of a mass-party organisation and its relatively decentralised decision-making underlines the importance of "movement-party" strategy, collective leadership, and internal democracy - concepts that are usually associated with Green and left-wing parties. Our analysis shows how the party’s organisation is essential for understanding its development more broadly as it reflects and reinforces sharp intra-party conflict. From this perspective, the case of the AfD sheds new light on the relationship between PRR party organisation and electoral success, indicating the importance of strong ties to parts of society over effective internal management as long as demand for anti-immigration parties is high. We conclude that even though AfD quickly built up a relatively inclusive organisational structure, the role of both its leadership and its rank-and-file is still a matter of controversy.

Etwa die Hälfte der freiwillig Engagierten übt die freiwillige Tätigkeit in einem Verein oder Verband aus. Im Zeitvergleich ist dieser Anteil rückläufig. Individuell organisierte Gruppen gewinnen dagegen als Orte des Engagements im Zeitvergleich anteilig hinzu. Seit 2014 sind individuell organisierte Gruppen die zweitstärkste Organisationsform freiwilligen Engagements. Frauen und Männer sind anteilig unterschiedlich häufig in den einzelnen Organisationsformen engagiert. Frauen sind anteilig seltener als Männer in Vereinen und Verbänden engagiert und anteilig häufiger als Männer in individuell organisierten Gruppen sowie in Kirchen und religiösen Vereinigungen freiwillig tätig. Die meisten Engagierten sind Mitglied in der Organisation, in der sie ihre freiwillige Tätigkeit ausüben. Männer haben mit 82,7 Prozent anteilig häufiger eine Mitgliedschaft in der Organisation ihres Engagements als Frauen mit 76,2 Prozent. Jede vierte freiwillig engagierte Person hat 2019 eine Leitungs- oder Vorstandsfunktion in ihrer freiwilligen Tätigkeit. Engagierte haben im Zeitvergleich anteilig immer seltener leitende Tätigkeiten inne. Für Männer ist der relative Rückgang zwischen 1999 und 2019 stärker als für Frauen. Bei den Frauen ist der Anteil der Engagierten in Leitungspositionen seit 2009 stabil geblieben: Etwa jede fünfte engagierte Frau übt im Rahmen ihrer freiwilligen Tätigkeit eine Leitungs- oder Vorstandsposition aus. Bei den engagierten Männern ist es knapp jeder Dritte.

The Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei [SVP]) has increased its territorial extensiveness and organisational intensiveness in recent years, and has professionalised its strategies of communication. This article analyses the dynamics characterising the SVP's organisation. It shows that with its locally rooted presence and its effort to generate ideological coherence, the party has embraced the "mass party" organisational model. It additionally assesses the extent to which the SVP's centralised power at the federal level is conducive to the party's further electoral success. Having considered both the party at national level and three of its most important cantonal branches, the article argues that the organisational dominance of the SVP's central leadership was beneficial for the party’s electoral strength but will lead to tensions with cantonal and local branches, which are largely in charge, to build and maintain an active base.

This thematic issue assesses the organisational forms of a broad range of right-wing populist parties (RWPPs) across Europe (12 in total). It interrogates received wisdom about the supposed leader-centeredness of such parties and investigates, in particular, the extent to which the mass party, as an organisational model, remains popular among RWPPs. This introduction presents the aims, research questions, and analytical framework of the issue and justifies its selection of cases. The resilience of the mass party model highlighted in many articles challenges the dominant trend that party organisation literature has identified: a unidirectional shift towards "catch-all," "electoral-professional," or "cartel" organisations.

Many populist radical right parties compete on a regular basis in the Bulgarian legislative elections. Among these, the VMRO-Balgarsko Natsionalno Dvizhenie (VMRO-BND, IMRO-Bulgarian National Movement) enjoys the greatest organizational stability and maintains a regular presence in politics and society despite volatile electoral performance. Using qualitative content analysis of official party documents (programs, statutes, and policy papers) and media reports, this article argues that the organizational stability of the VMRO-BND stems from its grassroots efforts to establish deep links in society. While its membership is limited, the local activities of the party between and during elections, and its network of loosely-affiliated organizations create a grandiose impression of presence across Bulgaria. Through this presence, VMRO-BND fosters a sense of belonging for its members which in turn supports the party’s goal of achieving a so-called "national cultural unity" and the preservation of Bulgarian traditions. Internally, VMRO-BND provides room for non-member participation and bottom-up initiatives from local activists, while remaining strongly centralized at the top around its leader, Krasimir Karakachanov. Overall, VMRO-BND reveals the importance populist radical right parties place on social presence, even when membership numbers are low.