Search

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees' self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of +/- 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees' self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and wi

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees’ self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of ± 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees’ self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and with, Part of this work has been funded by the Swedish innovation agency, VINNOVA Dnr 2018–02512 project RISE Social and Health Impact Centre

There is a ‘need to know’ for people who have acquired a spinal cord injury (SCI) and a ‘lack of knowledge’ is considered to be a barrier to coping with SCI. In-patient SCI care and rehabilitation have emphasized that information should be provided in the right amounts, at the right place and at the right time. Such needs and timing probably go beyond initial care and rehabilitation. Likewise, there is also, reasonably a need for knowledge for other groups of people meeting people with SCI, such as relatives, health professionals and personal care assistants1 as well as authorities, decision-makers, employers, architects and city planners etc. Our recent work, shows that more evidence is needed regarding the provision of specialist expertise in SCI by care services and to what extent they are therefore able to respond to the needs of people living with SCI. A Swedish need assessment project, including a priority setting partnership (PSP2 ) according to James Lind Alliance, has been implemented nationwide 2021–22 to address the needs which are most important for people with SCI to enhance their lives. The Swedish need assessment project comprises three parts: (a) needs to be met; (b) questions to be answered; (c) knowledge required. In part (b), which is the PSP we have identified research priorities (e.g. knowledge gaps); while in part (c), presented here, we report results from an online survey addressing knowledge translation gaps in order to shed light on the knowledge that is available yet which does not reach out. An online survey was released in November–December 2021 with people with SCI, relatives of people with SCI and health professionals and care assistants working with people with SCI. This survey included an open-ended question concerning knowledge translation gaps – what kind of knowledge is lacking and who needs the knowledge. In total, 242 persons responded the survey. Table 1 provides personal characteristics. Each respondent could state one to five, The project was funded by the Gothenburg Competence Center for Spinal Cord Injury and the Swedish Association for Survivors of Accident and Injury (RTP).

Background: Persons on the autism spectrum exhibit poorer body awareness than neurotypical persons. Since movement quality may be regarded as an expression of body awareness, assessment of movement quality is important. Sound assessments of measurement properties are essential if reliable decisions about body awareness interventions for persons on the autism spectrum are to be made, but there is insufficient research. Objective: To assess measurement properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) in an autism and a neurotypical reference group. Methods: Persons on the autism spectrum (n=108) and neurotypical references (n=32) were included. All were assessed with BAS MQ. Data were analyzed according to the Rasch model. Results: BAS MQ was found to have acceptable unidimensionality, supported by the fit statistics. The hierarchical ordering showed that coordination ability was the most difficult, followed by stability and relating. Response category functioning worked as intended for 19 out of 23 items. There were few difficult items, which decreased targeting. Reliability measures were good. BAS MQ discriminated between the autism and the reference groups, with the autism group exhibiting poorer movement quality, reflecting clinical observations and previous research. Conclusions: BAS MQ was found to have acceptable measurement properties, though suffering from problems with targeting item difficulty to person ability for persons on the autism spectrum. The BAS MQ may, along with experienced movement quality, contribute to clinically relevant information of persons on the autism spectrum, although we encourage refinements and further analyses to improve its measurement properties., We acknowledge all the participants. The study was supported by the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, Sweden and funded by Habilitation & Health in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden; the Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Sweden; and the Renee Eander Fund, Sweden. The funding sources had no active involvement in the conduct of the research.

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees' self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of +/- 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees' self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and wi

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees' self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of +/- 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees' self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and wi

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees’ self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of ± 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees’ self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and with, Part of this work has been funded by the Swedish innovation agency, VINNOVA Dnr 2018–02512 project RISE Social and Health Impact Centre

There is a ‘need to know’ for people who have acquired a spinal cord injury (SCI) and a ‘lack of knowledge’ is considered to be a barrier to coping with SCI. In-patient SCI care and rehabilitation have emphasized that information should be provided in the right amounts, at the right place and at the right time. Such needs and timing probably go beyond initial care and rehabilitation. Likewise, there is also, reasonably a need for knowledge for other groups of people meeting people with SCI, such as relatives, health professionals and personal care assistants1 as well as authorities, decision-makers, employers, architects and city planners etc. Our recent work, shows that more evidence is needed regarding the provision of specialist expertise in SCI by care services and to what extent they are therefore able to respond to the needs of people living with SCI. A Swedish need assessment project, including a priority setting partnership (PSP2 ) according to James Lind Alliance, has been implemented nationwide 2021–22 to address the needs which are most important for people with SCI to enhance their lives. The Swedish need assessment project comprises three parts: (a) needs to be met; (b) questions to be answered; (c) knowledge required. In part (b), which is the PSP we have identified research priorities (e.g. knowledge gaps); while in part (c), presented here, we report results from an online survey addressing knowledge translation gaps in order to shed light on the knowledge that is available yet which does not reach out. An online survey was released in November–December 2021 with people with SCI, relatives of people with SCI and health professionals and care assistants working with people with SCI. This survey included an open-ended question concerning knowledge translation gaps – what kind of knowledge is lacking and who needs the knowledge. In total, 242 persons responded the survey. Table 1 provides personal characteristics. Each respondent could state one to five, The project was funded by the Gothenburg Competence Center for Spinal Cord Injury and the Swedish Association for Survivors of Accident and Injury (RTP).

Background: Persons on the autism spectrum exhibit poorer body awareness than neurotypical persons. Since movement quality may be regarded as an expression of body awareness, assessment of movement quality is important. Sound assessments of measurement properties are essential if reliable decisions about body awareness interventions for persons on the autism spectrum are to be made, but there is insufficient research. Objective: To assess measurement properties of the Body Awareness Scale Movement Quality (BAS MQ) in an autism and a neurotypical reference group. Methods: Persons on the autism spectrum (n=108) and neurotypical references (n=32) were included. All were assessed with BAS MQ. Data were analyzed according to the Rasch model. Results: BAS MQ was found to have acceptable unidimensionality, supported by the fit statistics. The hierarchical ordering showed that coordination ability was the most difficult, followed by stability and relating. Response category functioning worked as intended for 19 out of 23 items. There were few difficult items, which decreased targeting. Reliability measures were good. BAS MQ discriminated between the autism and the reference groups, with the autism group exhibiting poorer movement quality, reflecting clinical observations and previous research. Conclusions: BAS MQ was found to have acceptable measurement properties, though suffering from problems with targeting item difficulty to person ability for persons on the autism spectrum. The BAS MQ may, along with experienced movement quality, contribute to clinically relevant information of persons on the autism spectrum, although we encourage refinements and further analyses to improve its measurement properties., We acknowledge all the participants. The study was supported by the Faculty of Medicine at Lund University, Sweden and funded by Habilitation & Health in Region Västra Götaland, Sweden; the Skaraborg Institute for Research and Development, Sweden; and the Renee Eander Fund, Sweden. The funding sources had no active involvement in the conduct of the research.

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees' self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of +/- 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees' self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and wi

Aims/Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess vision-related activity difficulties among patients with neovascular AMD using a Swedish version of the mass of activity inventory (MAI). Methods: Participants were patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD receiving treatment for the disease in a hospital in southeast Sweden. Participants completed the Swedish version of the MAI questionnaire. MAI can be used to measure the overall visual ability and visual ability in 4 functional domains: reading, mobility, visual motor function and visual information processing. Best corrected distance and near visual acuity (VA) were also measured. Results: Among the 196 participants (mean age=78.5 years, SD=7.67, 66% female) the median VA in the better seeing eye was 0.18 logMAR (IQR=?0.34), and in the worse eye was 0.54 logMAR (IQR=0.98). The median visual ability for all participants was 1.92 logits (IQR=2.69). There was a significant negative correlation between distance VA in the better eye and visual ability (rho=0.4025, p<0.01). Using ROC curves, we tested the capacity of the MAI to detect cases of any vision impairment (VA worse than 0.3 logMAR in the better seeing eye), the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.717 (95% CI=0.643 - 0.791 p<0.001). When we tested for detection of moderate vision impairment (VA worse than 0.5 logMAR in the better seeing eye) the AUC was 0.738 (95% CI=0.648 - 0.829 p?<0.001). Conclusions: The results indicate that the Swedish version of the MAI produce measures of visual ability that are consistent with clinical measures among patients with nAMD. The Swedish version of the MAI can be used as outcome measure in interventions for people with nAMD. References 1. Macedo, A.F. et al. Predictors of problems reported on the EQ-5D-3L dimensions among people with impaired vision in northern Portugal. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20: 132.

Background To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees' self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ.Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability.Results Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of +/- 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82.Conclusions This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees' self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and with larg, Funding Agencies|Linkping University

Background: To provide both preventive and rehabilitative conditions in a workplace, one must understand how employees experience work demands. Such an understanding can be obtained from each individual with valid and quality-assured questionnaires. The Work Environment Impact Questionnaire (WEIQ) is a new questionnaire for measuring employees' self-perceived work ability in relation to their specific workplace environment. The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement properties in terms of construct validity of the WEIQ. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 288 respondents from three different workplaces involving assisted living personnel, vocational rehabilitation personnel and personnel at a research institute. The measurement properties of the WEIQ were assessed according to Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), including assessment of item-to-sample targeting, threshold ordering, item fit statistics, unidimensionality and reliability. Results: Item fit, i.e., fit residuals, item characteristic curves (ICC) and chi square values, were all satisfactory, and no disordered thresholds were present after collapsing the lowest response categories. However, issues with local dependent (LD) item correlations was present in 7.6% cases, four items showed statistically significant differential item functioning (DIF), where 11% of the respondents had person fit residuals outside the recommended range of +/- 2.5 and the t-test for unidimensionality did not meet the criterion of 5%. Scale-to-sample targeting and reliability (0.92) were good. LD could be resolved with testlets and at the same time maintaining fit and improving dimensionality, but then the reliability decreased to 0.82. Conclusions: This study provides an initial validation of the WEIQ to be used for assessing employees' self-perceived work ability. Most measurement properties were acceptable, but further exploration of LD, DIF and unidimensionality in additional work settings and wi

Varför? Samhällets behov av kunskap om upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor ökar. Det är viktigt att veta hur personer och samhället mår eller hur en produkt eller tjänst upplevs samt att kunna jämföra hur detta förändras över tid och mellan olika områden, för att exempelvis fatta beslut om prioriteringar, insatser och effekter. För att mätningar av upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor ska vara användbara och ge tillförlitliga underlag krävs kvalitetssäkrad mätteknik för s.k. kategoribaserade mätningar. Det är alltså nödvändigt att grundläggande mättekniska principer tillämpas, vilket ofta inte är fallet i dag inom detta område. För de fysikaliska storheterna (längd, massa, tid etc.) finns sedan länge en internationellt etablerad mätkvalitetsinfrastruktur. I Sverige är det huvudsakligen RISE som Nationellt Metrologiskt Institut som genom sina riksmätplatser ansvarar för att säkerställa tillgång till kvalitetssäkrade och spårbara mätningar för samhället. Motsvarande mätkvalitetsinfrastruktur saknas dock för kategoribaserade mätningar. Vad? RISE arbetar sedan flera år för att utveckla metoder och arbetssätt för mätkvalitetssäkring av upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor. Genom dialoger med aktörer på olika nivåer, bland annat inom hälso- och sjukvården och akademin, som pågått under flera års tid har det framkommit att det finns ett stort behov av stöd för denna utveckling. RISE har därför tagit fram ett första utkast för en möjlig hållbar organisering för mätkvalitetssäkring av kategoribaserade mätningar. Ett nationellt centrum för mätkvalitetssäkring av kategoribaserade mätningar skulle ha i uppdrag att samordna och säkerställa tillförlitliga och jämförbara mätningar av upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor. Ett sådant infrastrukturellt stöd ska tillgängliggöra metodiker för att möjliggöra mätkvalitetssäkring för kategoribaserade mätningar. Organiseringen ska möta samhällets behov av stöd genom att erbjuda tjänster baserade på internat

Why? Society's need for knowledge about experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities is increasing. It is important to know how people and society feel or how a product or service is perceived, and to be able to compare how these change over time and between different areas, for example when making decisions about priorities, efforts and effects. In order for measurements of experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities to be useful and provide reliable data, quality-assured measurement is required for socalled category based measurements1. It is therefore necessary that basic measurement principles are applied, which is often not the case today in this field. For the physical quantities (length, mass, time, etc.) there has long been an internationally established measurement quality infrastructure. In Sweden, it is mainly RISE as the National Metrological Institute which, through its national measurement sites, is responsible for ensuring access to quality-assured and traceable measurements for society. However, the corresponding measurement quality infrastructure is so far missing for category based measurements. What? RISE has been working for several years to develop methodology and working methods for measurement quality assurance of experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities. Through dialogue over several years with actors at various levels, including in health care and academia, it has emerged that there is a great need for support for this development. RISE has therefore produced a first draft of a possible sustainable organization for measurement quality assurance of category based measurements. A national centre for quality assurance of category based measurements would be tasked with coordinating and ensuring reliable and comparable measurements of experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities. Such infrastructural support must make methodologies available to enable quality assurance for category based measurements. The organization must meet

Why? Society's need for knowledge about experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities is increasing. It is important to know how people and society feel or how a product or service is perceived, and to be able to compare how these change over time and between different areas, for example when making decisions about priorities, efforts and effects. In order for measurements of experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities to be useful and provide reliable data, quality-assured measurement is required for socalled category based measurements1. It is therefore necessary that basic measurement principles are applied, which is often not the case today in this field. For the physical quantities (length, mass, time, etc.) there has long been an internationally established measurement quality infrastructure. In Sweden, it is mainly RISE as the National Metrological Institute which, through its national measurement sites, is responsible for ensuring access to quality-assured and traceable measurements for society. However, the corresponding measurement quality infrastructure is so far missing for category based measurements. What? RISE has been working for several years to develop methodology and working methods for measurement quality assurance of experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities. Through dialogue over several years with actors at various levels, including in health care and academia, it has emerged that there is a great need for support for this development. RISE has therefore produced a first draft of a possible sustainable organization for measurement quality assurance of category based measurements. A national centre for quality assurance of category based measurements would be tasked with coordinating and ensuring reliable and comparable measurements of experiences, feelings, behaviours and abilities. Such infrastructural support must make methodologies available to enable quality assurance for category based measurements. The organization must meet

Varför? Samhällets behov av kunskap om upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor ökar. Det är viktigt att veta hur personer och samhället mår eller hur en produkt eller tjänst upplevs samt att kunna jämföra hur detta förändras över tid och mellan olika områden, för att exempelvis fatta beslut om prioriteringar, insatser och effekter. För att mätningar av upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor ska vara användbara och ge tillförlitliga underlag krävs kvalitetssäkrad mätteknik för s.k. kategoribaserade mätningar. Det är alltså nödvändigt att grundläggande mättekniska principer tillämpas, vilket ofta inte är fallet i dag inom detta område. För de fysikaliska storheterna (längd, massa, tid etc.) finns sedan länge en internationellt etablerad mätkvalitetsinfrastruktur. I Sverige är det huvudsakligen RISE som Nationellt Metrologiskt Institut som genom sina riksmätplatser ansvarar för att säkerställa tillgång till kvalitetssäkrade och spårbara mätningar för samhället. Motsvarande mätkvalitetsinfrastruktur saknas dock för kategoribaserade mätningar. Vad? RISE arbetar sedan flera år för att utveckla metoder och arbetssätt för mätkvalitetssäkring av upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor. Genom dialoger med aktörer på olika nivåer, bland annat inom hälso- och sjukvården och akademin, som pågått under flera års tid har det framkommit att det finns ett stort behov av stöd för denna utveckling. RISE har därför tagit fram ett första utkast för en möjlig hållbar organisering för mätkvalitetssäkring av kategoribaserade mätningar. Ett nationellt centrum för mätkvalitetssäkring av kategoribaserade mätningar skulle ha i uppdrag att samordna och säkerställa tillförlitliga och jämförbara mätningar av upplevelser, känslor, beteenden och förmågor. Ett sådant infrastrukturellt stöd ska tillgängliggöra metodiker för att möjliggöra mätkvalitetssäkring för kategoribaserade mätningar. Organiseringen ska möta samhällets behov av stöd genom att erbjuda tjänster baserade på internat

Both construct specification equations (CSEs) and entropy can be used to provide a specific, causal, and rigorously mathematical conceptualization of item attributes in order to provide fit-for-purpose measurements of person abilities. This has been previously demonstrated for memory measurements. It can also be reasonably expected to be applicable to other kinds of measures of human abilities and task difficulty in health care, but further exploration is needed about how to incorporate qualitative explanatory variables in the CSE formulation. In this paper we report two case studies exploring the possibilities of advancing CSE and entropy to include human functional balance measurements. In case study I, physiotherapists have formulated a CSE for balance task difficulty by principal component regression of empirical balance task difficulty values from Berg’s Balance Scale transformed using the Rasch model. In case study II, four balance tasks of increasing difficulty due to diminishing bases of support and vision were briefly investigated in relation to entropy as a measure of the amount of information and order as well as physical thermodynamics. The pilot study has explored both methodological and conceptual possibilities and concerns to be considered in further work. The results should not be considered as fully comprehensive or absolute, but rather open up for further discussion and investigations to advance measurements of person balance ability in clinical practice, research, and trials.

Both construct specification equations (CSEs) and entropy can be used to provide a specific, causal, and rigorously mathematical conceptualization of item attributes in order to provide fit-for-purpose measurements of person abilities. This has been previously demonstrated for memory measurements. It can also be reasonably expected to be applicable to other kinds of measures of human abilities and task difficulty in health care, but further exploration is needed about how to incorporate qualitative explanatory variables in the CSE formulation. In this paper we report two case studies exploring the possibilities of advancing CSE and entropy to include human functional balance measurements. In case study I, physiotherapists have formulated a CSE for balance task difficulty by principal component regression of empirical balance task difficulty values from Berg’s Balance Scale transformed using the Rasch model. In case study II, four balance tasks of increasing difficulty due to diminishing bases of support and vision were briefly investigated in relation to entropy as a measure of the amount of information and order as well as physical thermodynamics. The pilot study has explored both methodological and conceptual possibilities and concerns to be considered in further work. The results should not be considered as fully comprehensive or absolute, but rather open up for further discussion and investigations to advance measurements of person balance ability in clinical practice, research, and trials.

Both construct specification equations (CSEs) and entropy can be used to provide a specific, causal, and rigorously mathematical conceptualization of item attributes in order to provide fit-for-purpose measurements of person abilities. This has been previously demonstrated for memory measurements. It can also be reasonably expected to be applicable to other kinds of measures of human abilities and task difficulty in health care, but further exploration is needed about how to incorporate qualitative explanatory variables in the CSE formulation. In this paper we report two case studies exploring the possibilities of advancing CSE and entropy to include human functional balance measurements. In case study I, physiotherapists have formulated a CSE for balance task difficulty by principal component regression of empirical balance task difficulty values from Berg’s Balance Scale transformed using the Rasch model. In case study II, four balance tasks of increasing difficulty due to diminishing bases of support and vision were briefly investigated in relation to entropy as a measure of the amount of information and order as well as physical thermodynamics. The pilot study has explored both methodological and conceptual possibilities and concerns to be considered in further work. The results should not be considered as fully comprehensive or absolute, but rather open up for further discussion and investigations to advance measurements of person balance ability in clinical practice, research, and trials.

The justification for making a measurement can be sought in asking what decisions are based on measurement, such as in assessing the compliance of a quality characteristic of an entity in relation to a specification limit, SL. The relative performance of testing devices and classification algorithms used in assessing compliance is often evaluated using the venerable and ever popular receiver operating characteristic (ROC). However, the ROC tool has potentially all the limitations of classic test theory (CTT) such as the non-linearity, effects of ordinality and confounding task difficulty and instrument ability. These limitations, inherent and often unacknowledged when using the ROC tool, are tackled here for the first time with a modernised approach combining measurement system analysis (MSA) and item response theory (IRT), using data from pregnancy testing as an example. The new method of assessing device ability from separate Rasch IRT regressions for each axis of ROC curves is found to perform significantly better, with correlation coefficients with traditional area-under-curve metrics of at least 0.92 which exceeds that of linearised ROC plots, such as Linacre’s, and is recommended to replace other approaches for device assessment. The resulting improved measurement quality of each ROC curve achieved with this original approach should enable more reliable decision-making in conformity assessment in many scenarios, including machine learning, where its use as a metric for assessing classification algorithms has become almost indispensable.

Both construct specification equations (CSEs) and entropy can be used to provide a specific, causal, and rigorously mathematical conceptualization of item attributes in order to provide fit-for-purpose measurements of person abilities. This has been previously demonstrated for memory measurements. It can also be reasonably expected to be applicable to other kinds of measures of human abilities and task difficulty in health care, but further exploration is needed about how to incorporate qualitative explanatory variables in the CSE formulation. In this paper we report two case studies exploring the possibilities of advancing CSE and entropy to include human functional balance measurements. In case study I, physiotherapists have formulated a CSE for balance task difficulty by principal component regression of empirical balance task difficulty values from Berg’s Balance Scale transformed using the Rasch model. In case study II, four balance tasks of increasing difficulty due to diminishing bases of support and vision were briefly investigated in relation to entropy as a measure of the amount of information and order as well as physical thermodynamics. The pilot study has explored both methodological and conceptual possibilities and concerns to be considered in further work. The results should not be considered as fully comprehensive or absolute, but rather open up for further discussion and investigations to advance measurements of person balance ability in clinical practice, research, and trials.

There are different views in the literature about the number and inter-relationships of cognitive domains (such as memory and executive function) and a lack of understanding of the cognitive processes underlying these domains. In previous publications, we demonstrated a methodology for formulating and testing cognitive constructs for visuo-spatial and verbal recall tasks, particularly for working memory task difficulty where entropy is found to play a major role. In the present paper, we applied those insights to a new set of such memory tasks, namely, backward recalling block tapping and digit sequences. Once again, we saw clear and strong entropy-based construct specification equations (CSEs) for task difficulty. In fact, the entropy contributions in the CSEs for the different tasks were of similar magnitudes (within the measurement uncertainties), which may indicate a shared factor in what is being measured with both forward and backward sequences, as well as visuo-spatial and verbal memory recalling tasks more generally. On the other hand, the analyses of dimensionality and the larger measurement uncertainties in the CSEs for the backward sequences suggest that caution is needed when attempting to unify a single unidimensional construct based on forward and backward sequences with visuo-spatial and verbal memory tasks.

The Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS) is a 28-item validated tool for measuring food agency, a latent construct representing an individuals ability to make and achieve food-preparation and -pro-visioning goals. Here, key measurement parameters (targeting, threshold ordering, item fit, unidimensionality, differential item functioning, local dependency, and person reliability) of the CAFPAS are evaluated using a specific case of item response theory, Rasch analysis, on data from a development sample (N = 1853; 910 from Sweden; 943 from the US). Winsteps (v.5.1.7) is used for this analysis. The similarity of the Swedish version of the CAFPAS to the original is also assessed. Based on an iterative assessment of the measurement properties with different combinations of items in the development sample, ways to shorten the CAFPAS without jeopardizing construct validity or person reliability are examined. After removing items that do not fit the Rasch model, or that appear redundant in relation to other items, an 11-item version (CAFPAS-short) is suggested and tested using further Rasch analysis on both the development sample and an additional US-based validation sample (N = 1457). Scores of cooking confidence and attitudes are then modelled with measures from the CAFPAS and CAFPAS-short using frequentist and Bayesian analysis. Results suggest that the CAFPAS-short performs similarly to the full-length version, and potential future improvements to the CAFPAS are discussed. This study represents a successful application of item response theory to investigate and shorten a psychometric scale, reducing cognitive load on participants in studies using the CAFPAS whilst minimizing loss of data reliability., Funding Agencies|RISE competence platform Centre; FORMAS-Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning [2018-01867]; National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [K01DK119166]

Both construct specification equations (CSEs) and entropy can be used to provide a specific, causal, and rigorously mathematical conceptualization of item attributes in order to provide fit-for-purpose measurements of person abilities. This has been previously demonstrated for memory measurements. It can also be reasonably expected to be applicable to other kinds of measures of human abilities and task difficulty in health care, but further exploration is needed about how to incorporate qualitative explanatory variables in the CSE formulation. In this paper we report two case studies exploring the possibilities of advancing CSE and entropy to include human functional balance measurements. In case study I, physiotherapists have formulated a CSE for balance task difficulty by principal component regression of empirical balance task difficulty values from Berg’s Balance Scale transformed using the Rasch model. In case study II, four balance tasks of increasing difficulty due to diminishing bases of support and vision were briefly investigated in relation to entropy as a measure of the amount of information and order as well as physical thermodynamics. The pilot study has explored both methodological and conceptual possibilities and concerns to be considered in further work. The results should not be considered as fully comprehensive or absolute, but rather open up for further discussion and investigations to advance measurements of person balance ability in clinical practice, research, and trials.

Both construct specification equations (CSEs) and entropy can be used to provide a specific, causal, and rigorously mathematical conceptualization of item attributes in order to provide fit-for-purpose measurements of person abilities. This has been previously demonstrated for memory measurements. It can also be reasonably expected to be applicable to other kinds of measures of human abilities and task difficulty in health care, but further exploration is needed about how to incorporate qualitative explanatory variables in the CSE formulation. In this paper we report two case studies exploring the possibilities of advancing CSE and entropy to include human functional balance measurements. In case study I, physiotherapists have formulated a CSE for balance task difficulty by principal component regression of empirical balance task difficulty values from Berg’s Balance Scale transformed using the Rasch model. In case study II, four balance tasks of increasing difficulty due to diminishing bases of support and vision were briefly investigated in relation to entropy as a measure of the amount of information and order as well as physical thermodynamics. The pilot study has explored both methodological and conceptual possibilities and concerns to be considered in further work. The results should not be considered as fully comprehensive or absolute, but rather open up for further discussion and investigations to advance measurements of person balance ability in clinical practice, research, and trials.

The Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS) is a 28-item validated tool for measuring food agency, a latent construct representing an individual's ability to make and achieve food-preparation and -pro-visioning goals. Here, key measurement parameters (targeting, threshold ordering, item fit, unidimensionality, differential item functioning, local dependency, and person reliability) of the CAFPAS are evaluated using a specific case of item response theory, Rasch analysis, on data from a development sample (N = 1853; 910 from Sweden; 943 from the US). Winsteps (v.5.1.7) is used for this analysis. The similarity of the Swedish version of the CAFPAS to the original is also assessed. Based on an iterative assessment of the measurement properties with different combinations of items in the development sample, ways to shorten the CAFPAS without jeopardizing construct validity or person reliability are examined. After removing items that do not fit the Rasch model, or that appear redundant in relation to other items, an 11-item version (CAFPAS-short) is suggested and tested using further Rasch analysis on both the development sample and an additional US-based validation sample (N = 1457). Scores of cooking confidence and attitudes are then modelled with measures from the CAFPAS and CAFPAS-short using frequentist and Bayesian analysis. Results suggest that the CAFPAS-short performs similarly to the full-length version, and potential future improvements to the CAFPAS are discussed. This study represents a successful application of item response theory to investigate and shorten a psychometric scale, reducing cognitive load on participants in studies using the CAFPAS whilst minimizing loss of data reliability.

Background: eHealth interventions have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. However, research has shown that implementing eHealth in routine health care practice is difficult. Organizational readiness to change has been shown to be central to successful implementation. This paper describes the development and formative evaluation of a generic self-help tool, E-Ready, designed to be used by managers, project leaders, or others responsible for implementation in a broad range of health care settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a tool that could facilitate eHealth implementation in, for example, health care. Methods: A first version of the tool was generated based on implementation theory (E-Ready 1.0). A formative evaluation was undertaken through expert panels (n=15), cognitive interviews (n=17), and assessment of measurement properties on E-Ready items from 3 different workplaces (n=165) using Rasch analyses. E-Ready 1.0 was also field tested among the target population (n=29). Iterative revisions were conducted during the formative evaluation process, and E-Ready 2.0 was generated. Results: The E-Ready Tool consists of a readiness assessment survey and a hands-on manual. The survey measures perceived readiness for change (willingness and capability) at individual and collective levels: perceived conditions for change at the workplace, perceived individual conditions for change, perceived support and engagement among management, perceived readiness among colleagues, perceived consequences on status quo, and perceived workplace attitudes. The manual contains a brief introduction, instructions on how to use the tool, information on the themes of E-Ready, instructions on how to create an implementation plan, brief advice for success, and tips for further reading on implementation theory. Rasch analyses showed overall acceptable measurement properties in terms of fit validity. The subscale Individual, Funding Agencies|Swelife, a strategic innovation program - Swedish government through the Swedish innovation agency, Vinnova

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population., [NO] Symptomer på tørre øyne ved bruk avOcular Surface Disease Index i Sverige: enkort rapport fra en pilotstudieSammendragFormålet med studien var å undersøke prevalens av symptomerpå tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning ved hjelp av en net-tbasert versjon av ocular surface disease index (OSDI).OSDI spørsmålene ble satt inn i et skjema på internett vedhjelp av programvare utviklet av Artologik. Lenken til skjemaetble sent ut via Linnéuniversitetets sosiale media. Bakgrunnsin-formasjon som alder, kjønn og hjemstedsfylke ble også registr-ert.Totalt ble 404 fullstendige svar mottatt, 303 (75%) respon-denter var kvinnelige, median alder = 39 (interkvartilområde= 28–53) år, median OSDI-score = 19 (interkvartilområde = 9–32). Prevalens av symptomer på tørre øyne (kategorier milde tilalvorlige) var 65% (95% CI = 62–75). Forskjellen i prevalens mel-lom kvinner og menn var signifikant (khikvadrattest,p= 0.007).Denne studien fant at prevalensen av symptomer på tørreøyne blant et utvalg av Sveriges befolkning var 65%. Disse re-sultatene belyser behovet for videre undersøkelse av prevalensog risikofaktorer for tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning., Sintomatologia da occhio secco utilizzandol’Ocular Surface Disease Index in Svezia:un breve report da uno studio pilotaRiassuntoLo scopo di questo studio e’ stato quello di investigare laprevalenze della sintomatologia da occhio secco nella popo-lazione svedese utilizzando una versione online dell’ocular sur-face disease index (OSDI).E’ stata utilizzata una versione online dell’OSDI in un for-mato implementato nel software “Survey and report” svilup-pato da Artologik. L’indirizzo online e’ stato distribuito graziealle pagine di social media dell’Universita’ Linnaeus. Anche leinformazioni sulla demografia di base come eta’, sesso e regionedi residenza sono stato raccolte.Un totale di 404 risposte complete sono state ricevute, 303dei rispondenti (75%) erano femmine, con un’eta’ media = 39(rango interquartile = 28–53) anni, un punteggio OSDI medio =19 (rango interquartile = 9–32). La prevalenza cruda di sintomida occhio secco (categoria tra moderato e severo) e’ stata del65% (95% CI = 62–75). La differenza in prevalenza tra maschie femmine e’ stata statisticamente significativa (chi-square test,p= 0.007).Il presente studio riporta che la frequenza di sintomi da oc-chio secco nel campione scelto di popolazione svedese e’ statodel 65%. I risultati sottolineano la necessita’ di investigare laprevalenza e i fattori di rischio dell’occhio secco nella popolazione svedese.

Background: eHealth interventions have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. However, research has shown that implementing eHealth in routine health care practice is difficult. Organizational readiness to change has been shown to be central to successful implementation. This paper describes the development and formative evaluation of a generic self-help tool, E-Ready, designed to be used by managers, project leaders, or others responsible for implementation in a broad range of health care settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a tool that could facilitate eHealth implementation in, for example, health care. Methods: A first version of the tool was generated based on implementation theory (E-Ready 1.0). A formative evaluation was undertaken through expert panels (n=15), cognitive interviews (n=17), and assessment of measurement properties on E-Ready items from 3 different workplaces (n=165) using Rasch analyses. E-Ready 1.0 was also field tested among the target population (n=29). Iterative revisions were conducted during the formative evaluation process, and E-Ready 2.0 was generated. Results: The E-Ready Tool consists of a readiness assessment survey and a hands-on manual. The survey measures perceived readiness for change (willingness and capability) at individual and collective levels: perceived conditions for change at the workplace, perceived individual conditions for change, perceived support and engagement among management, perceived readiness among colleagues, perceived consequences on status quo, and perceived workplace attitudes. The manual contains a brief introduction, instructions on how to use the tool, information on the themes of E-Ready, instructions on how to create an implementation plan, brief advice for success, and tips for further reading on implementation theory. Rasch analyses showed overall acceptable measurement properties in terms of fit validity. The subscale Individual, Funding Agencies|Swelife, a strategic innovation program - Swedish government through the Swedish innovation agency, Vinnova

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population., [NO] Symptomer på tørre øyne ved bruk avOcular Surface Disease Index i Sverige: enkort rapport fra en pilotstudieSammendragFormålet med studien var å undersøke prevalens av symptomerpå tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning ved hjelp av en net-tbasert versjon av ocular surface disease index (OSDI).OSDI spørsmålene ble satt inn i et skjema på internett vedhjelp av programvare utviklet av Artologik. Lenken til skjemaetble sent ut via Linnéuniversitetets sosiale media. Bakgrunnsin-formasjon som alder, kjønn og hjemstedsfylke ble også registr-ert.Totalt ble 404 fullstendige svar mottatt, 303 (75%) respon-denter var kvinnelige, median alder = 39 (interkvartilområde= 28–53) år, median OSDI-score = 19 (interkvartilområde = 9–32). Prevalens av symptomer på tørre øyne (kategorier milde tilalvorlige) var 65% (95% CI = 62–75). Forskjellen i prevalens mel-lom kvinner og menn var signifikant (khikvadrattest,p= 0.007).Denne studien fant at prevalensen av symptomer på tørreøyne blant et utvalg av Sveriges befolkning var 65%. Disse re-sultatene belyser behovet for videre undersøkelse av prevalensog risikofaktorer for tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning., Sintomatologia da occhio secco utilizzandol’Ocular Surface Disease Index in Svezia:un breve report da uno studio pilotaRiassuntoLo scopo di questo studio e’ stato quello di investigare laprevalenze della sintomatologia da occhio secco nella popo-lazione svedese utilizzando una versione online dell’ocular sur-face disease index (OSDI).E’ stata utilizzata una versione online dell’OSDI in un for-mato implementato nel software “Survey and report” svilup-pato da Artologik. L’indirizzo online e’ stato distribuito graziealle pagine di social media dell’Universita’ Linnaeus. Anche leinformazioni sulla demografia di base come eta’, sesso e regionedi residenza sono stato raccolte.Un totale di 404 risposte complete sono state ricevute, 303dei rispondenti (75%) erano femmine, con un’eta’ media = 39(rango interquartile = 28–53) anni, un punteggio OSDI medio =19 (rango interquartile = 9–32). La prevalenza cruda di sintomida occhio secco (categoria tra moderato e severo) e’ stata del65% (95% CI = 62–75). La differenza in prevalenza tra maschie femmine e’ stata statisticamente significativa (chi-square test,p= 0.007).Il presente studio riporta che la frequenza di sintomi da oc-chio secco nel campione scelto di popolazione svedese e’ statodel 65%. I risultati sottolineano la necessita’ di investigare laprevalenza e i fattori di rischio dell’occhio secco nella popolazione svedese.

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health.Practice implicationsThe suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agree-ment ALFGBG-716581

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health.Practice implicationsThe suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agree-ment ALFGBG-716581

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health. Practice implications The suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0Available online 7 July 2021We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement ALFGBG-716581.

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health. Practice implications The suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0Available online 7 July 2021We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement ALFGBG-716581.

Background: eHealth interventions have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. However, research has shown that implementing eHealth in routine health care practice is difficult. Organizational readiness to change has been shown to be central to successful implementation. This paper describes the development and formative evaluation of a generic self-help tool, E-Ready, designed to be used by managers, project leaders, or others responsible for implementation in a broad range of health care settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a tool that could facilitate eHealth implementation in, for example, health care. Methods: A first version of the tool was generated based on implementation theory (E-Ready 1.0). A formative evaluation was undertaken through expert panels (n=15), cognitive interviews (n=17), and assessment of measurement properties on E-Ready items from 3 different workplaces (n=165) using Rasch analyses. E-Ready 1.0 was also field tested among the target population (n=29). Iterative revisions were conducted during the formative evaluation process, and E-Ready 2.0 was generated. Results: The E-Ready Tool consists of a readiness assessment survey and a hands-on manual. The survey measures perceived readiness for change (willingness and capability) at individual and collective levels: perceived conditions for change at the workplace, perceived individual conditions for change, perceived support and engagement among management, perceived readiness among colleagues, perceived consequences on status quo, and perceived workplace attitudes. The manual contains a brief introduction, instructions on how to use the tool, information on the themes of E-Ready, instructions on how to create an implementation plan, brief advice for success, and tips for further reading on implementation theory. Rasch analyses showed overall acceptable measurement properties in terms of fit validity. The subscale Individual, Funding Agencies|Swelife, a strategic innovation program - Swedish government through the Swedish innovation agency, Vinnova

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population., [NO] Symptomer på tørre øyne ved bruk avOcular Surface Disease Index i Sverige: enkort rapport fra en pilotstudieSammendragFormålet med studien var å undersøke prevalens av symptomerpå tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning ved hjelp av en net-tbasert versjon av ocular surface disease index (OSDI).OSDI spørsmålene ble satt inn i et skjema på internett vedhjelp av programvare utviklet av Artologik. Lenken til skjemaetble sent ut via Linnéuniversitetets sosiale media. Bakgrunnsin-formasjon som alder, kjønn og hjemstedsfylke ble også registr-ert.Totalt ble 404 fullstendige svar mottatt, 303 (75%) respon-denter var kvinnelige, median alder = 39 (interkvartilområde= 28–53) år, median OSDI-score = 19 (interkvartilområde = 9–32). Prevalens av symptomer på tørre øyne (kategorier milde tilalvorlige) var 65% (95% CI = 62–75). Forskjellen i prevalens mel-lom kvinner og menn var signifikant (khikvadrattest,p= 0.007).Denne studien fant at prevalensen av symptomer på tørreøyne blant et utvalg av Sveriges befolkning var 65%. Disse re-sultatene belyser behovet for videre undersøkelse av prevalensog risikofaktorer for tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning., Sintomatologia da occhio secco utilizzandol’Ocular Surface Disease Index in Svezia:un breve report da uno studio pilotaRiassuntoLo scopo di questo studio e’ stato quello di investigare laprevalenze della sintomatologia da occhio secco nella popo-lazione svedese utilizzando una versione online dell’ocular sur-face disease index (OSDI).E’ stata utilizzata una versione online dell’OSDI in un for-mato implementato nel software “Survey and report” svilup-pato da Artologik. L’indirizzo online e’ stato distribuito graziealle pagine di social media dell’Universita’ Linnaeus. Anche leinformazioni sulla demografia di base come eta’, sesso e regionedi residenza sono stato raccolte.Un totale di 404 risposte complete sono state ricevute, 303dei rispondenti (75%) erano femmine, con un’eta’ media = 39(rango interquartile = 28–53) anni, un punteggio OSDI medio =19 (rango interquartile = 9–32). La prevalenza cruda di sintomida occhio secco (categoria tra moderato e severo) e’ stata del65% (95% CI = 62–75). La differenza in prevalenza tra maschie femmine e’ stata statisticamente significativa (chi-square test,p= 0.007).Il presente studio riporta che la frequenza di sintomi da oc-chio secco nel campione scelto di popolazione svedese e’ statodel 65%. I risultati sottolineano la necessita’ di investigare laprevalenza e i fattori di rischio dell’occhio secco nella popolazione svedese.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population., [NO] Symptomer på tørre øyne ved bruk avOcular Surface Disease Index i Sverige: enkort rapport fra en pilotstudieSammendragFormålet med studien var å undersøke prevalens av symptomerpå tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning ved hjelp av en net-tbasert versjon av ocular surface disease index (OSDI).OSDI spørsmålene ble satt inn i et skjema på internett vedhjelp av programvare utviklet av Artologik. Lenken til skjemaetble sent ut via Linnéuniversitetets sosiale media. Bakgrunnsin-formasjon som alder, kjønn og hjemstedsfylke ble også registr-ert.Totalt ble 404 fullstendige svar mottatt, 303 (75%) respon-denter var kvinnelige, median alder = 39 (interkvartilområde= 28–53) år, median OSDI-score = 19 (interkvartilområde = 9–32). Prevalens av symptomer på tørre øyne (kategorier milde tilalvorlige) var 65% (95% CI = 62–75). Forskjellen i prevalens mel-lom kvinner og menn var signifikant (khikvadrattest,p= 0.007).Denne studien fant at prevalensen av symptomer på tørreøyne blant et utvalg av Sveriges befolkning var 65%. Disse re-sultatene belyser behovet for videre undersøkelse av prevalensog risikofaktorer for tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning., Sintomatologia da occhio secco utilizzandol’Ocular Surface Disease Index in Svezia:un breve report da uno studio pilotaRiassuntoLo scopo di questo studio e’ stato quello di investigare laprevalenze della sintomatologia da occhio secco nella popo-lazione svedese utilizzando una versione online dell’ocular sur-face disease index (OSDI).E’ stata utilizzata una versione online dell’OSDI in un for-mato implementato nel software “Survey and report” svilup-pato da Artologik. L’indirizzo online e’ stato distribuito graziealle pagine di social media dell’Universita’ Linnaeus. Anche leinformazioni sulla demografia di base come eta’, sesso e regionedi residenza sono stato raccolte.Un totale di 404 risposte complete sono state ricevute, 303dei rispondenti (75%) erano femmine, con un’eta’ media = 39(rango interquartile = 28–53) anni, un punteggio OSDI medio =19 (rango interquartile = 9–32). La prevalenza cruda di sintomida occhio secco (categoria tra moderato e severo) e’ stata del65% (95% CI = 62–75). La differenza in prevalenza tra maschie femmine e’ stata statisticamente significativa (chi-square test,p= 0.007).Il presente studio riporta che la frequenza di sintomi da oc-chio secco nel campione scelto di popolazione svedese e’ statodel 65%. I risultati sottolineano la necessita’ di investigare laprevalenza e i fattori di rischio dell’occhio secco nella popolazione svedese.

Background: eHealth interventions have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. However, research has shown that implementing eHealth in routine health care practice is difficult. Organizational readiness to change has been shown to be central to successful implementation. This paper describes the development and formative evaluation of a generic self-help tool, E-Ready, designed to be used by managers, project leaders, or others responsible for implementation in a broad range of health care settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a tool that could facilitate eHealth implementation in, for example, health care. Methods: A first version of the tool was generated based on implementation theory (E-Ready 1.0). A formative evaluation was undertaken through expert panels (n=15), cognitive interviews (n=17), and assessment of measurement properties on E-Ready items from 3 different workplaces (n=165) using Rasch analyses. E-Ready 1.0 was also field tested among the target population (n=29). Iterative revisions were conducted during the formative evaluation process, and E-Ready 2.0 was generated. Results: The E-Ready Tool consists of a readiness assessment survey and a hands-on manual. The survey measures perceived readiness for change (willingness and capability) at individual and collective levels: perceived conditions for change at the workplace, perceived individual conditions for change, perceived support and engagement among management, perceived readiness among colleagues, perceived consequences on status quo, and perceived workplace attitudes. The manual contains a brief introduction, instructions on how to use the tool, information on the themes of E-Ready, instructions on how to create an implementation plan, brief advice for success, and tips for further reading on implementation theory. Rasch analyses showed overall acceptable measurement properties in terms of fit validity. The subscale Individual, Funding Agencies|Swelife, a strategic innovation program - Swedish government through the Swedish innovation agency, Vinnova

Background: eHealth interventions have the potential to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. However, research has shown that implementing eHealth in routine health care practice is difficult. Organizational readiness to change has been shown to be central to successful implementation. This paper describes the development and formative evaluation of a generic self-help tool, E-Ready, designed to be used by managers, project leaders, or others responsible for implementation in a broad range of health care settings. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a tool that could facilitate eHealth implementation in, for example, health care. Methods: A first version of the tool was generated based on implementation theory (E-Ready 1.0). A formative evaluation was undertaken through expert panels (n=15), cognitive interviews (n=17), and assessment of measurement properties on E-Ready items from 3 different workplaces (n=165) using Rasch analyses. E-Ready 1.0 was also field tested among the target population (n=29). Iterative revisions were conducted during the formative evaluation process, and E-Ready 2.0 was generated. Results: The E-Ready Tool consists of a readiness assessment survey and a hands-on manual. The survey measures perceived readiness for change (willingness and capability) at individual and collective levels: perceived conditions for change at the workplace, perceived individual conditions for change, perceived support and engagement among management, perceived readiness among colleagues, perceived consequences on status quo, and perceived workplace attitudes. The manual contains a brief introduction, instructions on how to use the tool, information on the themes of E-Ready, instructions on how to create an implementation plan, brief advice for success, and tips for further reading on implementation theory. Rasch analyses showed overall acceptable measurement properties in terms of fit validity. The subscale Individual, Funding Agencies|Swelife, a strategic innovation program - Swedish government through the Swedish innovation agency, Vinnova

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dryeye symptoms in the Swedish population using a web-basedversion of the ocular surface disease index (OSDI).Aweb-basedversionoftheOSDIquestionswasimplementedin an online form using a software developed by Artologik. Thelink to the form was distributed via Linnaeus University socialmedia pages. Basic demographic information such as age, sexand county of residence was also collected.A total of 404 complete responses were received, 303 respon-dents (75%) were females, the median age = 39 (interquartilerange = 28–53) years, median OSDI-score = 19 (interquartilerange = 9–32). Crude prevalence of dry eye symptoms (cate-gories mild to severe) was 65% (95% CI = 62–75). The differencein prevalence between males and females was statistically sig-nificant (chi-square test,p=0.007).The current study found that the prevalence of dry eye symp-toms among a sample of the Swedish population was 65%.These results highlight the need to investigate further the preva-lence and risk factors for dry eye disease in the Swedish population., [NO] Symptomer på tørre øyne ved bruk avOcular Surface Disease Index i Sverige: enkort rapport fra en pilotstudieSammendragFormålet med studien var å undersøke prevalens av symptomerpå tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning ved hjelp av en net-tbasert versjon av ocular surface disease index (OSDI).OSDI spørsmålene ble satt inn i et skjema på internett vedhjelp av programvare utviklet av Artologik. Lenken til skjemaetble sent ut via Linnéuniversitetets sosiale media. Bakgrunnsin-formasjon som alder, kjønn og hjemstedsfylke ble også registr-ert.Totalt ble 404 fullstendige svar mottatt, 303 (75%) respon-denter var kvinnelige, median alder = 39 (interkvartilområde= 28–53) år, median OSDI-score = 19 (interkvartilområde = 9–32). Prevalens av symptomer på tørre øyne (kategorier milde tilalvorlige) var 65% (95% CI = 62–75). Forskjellen i prevalens mel-lom kvinner og menn var signifikant (khikvadrattest,p= 0.007).Denne studien fant at prevalensen av symptomer på tørreøyne blant et utvalg av Sveriges befolkning var 65%. Disse re-sultatene belyser behovet for videre undersøkelse av prevalensog risikofaktorer for tørre øyne i den svenske befolkning., Sintomatologia da occhio secco utilizzandol’Ocular Surface Disease Index in Svezia:un breve report da uno studio pilotaRiassuntoLo scopo di questo studio e’ stato quello di investigare laprevalenze della sintomatologia da occhio secco nella popo-lazione svedese utilizzando una versione online dell’ocular sur-face disease index (OSDI).E’ stata utilizzata una versione online dell’OSDI in un for-mato implementato nel software “Survey and report” svilup-pato da Artologik. L’indirizzo online e’ stato distribuito graziealle pagine di social media dell’Universita’ Linnaeus. Anche leinformazioni sulla demografia di base come eta’, sesso e regionedi residenza sono stato raccolte.Un totale di 404 risposte complete sono state ricevute, 303dei rispondenti (75%) erano femmine, con un’eta’ media = 39(rango interquartile = 28–53) anni, un punteggio OSDI medio =19 (rango interquartile = 9–32). La prevalenza cruda di sintomida occhio secco (categoria tra moderato e severo) e’ stata del65% (95% CI = 62–75). La differenza in prevalenza tra maschie femmine e’ stata statisticamente significativa (chi-square test,p= 0.007).Il presente studio riporta che la frequenza di sintomi da oc-chio secco nel campione scelto di popolazione svedese e’ statodel 65%. I risultati sottolineano la necessita’ di investigare laprevalenza e i fattori di rischio dell’occhio secco nella popolazione svedese.

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health.Practice implicationsThe suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agree-ment ALFGBG-716581

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health. Practice implications The suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0Available online 7 July 2021We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement ALFGBG-716581.

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health. Practice implications The suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0Available online 7 July 2021We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement ALFGBG-716581.

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health.Practice implicationsThe suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agree-ment ALFGBG-716581

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health.Practice implicationsThe suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agree-ment ALFGBG-716581

Introduction: The Swedish version of the patient-reported Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measures (CORE-OM) has demonstrated high reliability and acceptable convergent validity in explanatory factor analyses. However, the fundamental scale properties have not yet been validated according to item response theory. The aim of this study was to analyze the measurement properties of the Swedish CORE-OM in a cohort of psychiatric out-patients with depression and anxiety in a multicultural area and to explore combinations of items based on shorter versions of the scale (CORE-10, CORE-6D) to improve measurement properties. Methods: Data from CORE-OM assessments of 337 patients were analyzed using Rasch analysis. The patients had a mean age of 30 +/- 14 years, the majority were women (72%). Requirements for measurement properties were checked: overall model fit, item fit residuals, targeting, internal consistency, differential item functioning and thresholds. Sensitivity to change was also analyzed. Results: The CORE-OM showed high internal consistency (person separation index = 0.947) and adequate targeting, but there was overall model misfit (item trait interaction chi(2) = 917.53, p < 0.001), indication of local dependency, and differential item functioning in 9 items. The risk items showed problems with disordered thresholds. The emotional component of the shorter CORE-6D showed the best fit for our sample. Adding 3 items to include depressive and trauma-related content resulted in a unidimensional 8-item set with acceptable reliability, model fit, targeting and sensitivity to change. Conclusion: For out-patients with diagnosed depression or anxiety in a multicultural area, the Swedish CORE-OM showed high internal consistency, but also validity problems. Based on the shorter CORE-6D version, a unidimensional 8-item set could be an alternative brief measure of psychological distress for this population, but further validity studies are required. Qualit

Objective One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient’s willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. Methods The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. Results The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). Conclusion We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health. Practice implications The suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient’s willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., CC BY-NC-ND 4.0Available online 7 July 2021We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning in and for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and the research institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for Categorically Based Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online panel and services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed by grants from the Swedish government under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement ALFGBG-716581.

OBJECTIVE: One crucial prerequisite for increased patient empowerment is the willingness among patients to take a more active role. The aim of this study was to develop questionnaires for measuring a patient's willingness to be empowered in general and by using e-health. METHODS: The study was based on a random sample from an online panel. The 800 responders were Swedish citizens and reflected the internet-using population in Sweden regarding age, gender, income, and education. The measurement properties were evaluated according to the Rasch Measurement Theory. RESULTS: The analyses showed two questionnaires with adequate fit to the basic measurement model and with high reliability (PSI 0.84 and 0.89, respectively). CONCLUSION: We conclude that this study generated two questionnaires with an intuitive order of items illustrating an understandable progression of willingness to be empowered in general as well as for e-health. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The suggested questionnaires are valuable tools supporting the effort to tailor empowerment strategies to meet the patient's willingness. Questionnaires will also be valuable for evaluating strategies for supporting willingness, studying factors related to willingness and potential inequalities due to e.g. varying digital literacy, and for enabling identification of patient stereotypes using cluster analyses., We are deeply grateful to the research environment “Learning inand for the new working life,” University West, Sweden and theresearch institute RISE Knowledge Platform “Centre for CategoricallyBased Measures” for sponsoring the costs for using the online paneland services offered by Kantar-Sifo. The study was financed bygrants from the Swedish government under the agreement betweenthe Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF agreement ALFGBG-716581.

Objective: To analyze definitions and related requirements, processes, and operationalization of person-centered goal-setting in the physiotherapy research literature; to discuss those findings in relation to underlying principles of person-centeredness; and to provide an initial framework for how person-centered goal-setting could be conceptualized and operationalized in physiotherapy. Methods: A literature search was conducted in the databases: CINAHL, PubMed, PEDro, PsycINFO, REHABdata and Scopus. A content analysis was performed on how person-centered goal-setting was described. Results: A total of 21 articles were included in the content analysis. Five categories were identified: 1) Understanding goals that are meaningful to the patients; 2) Setting goals in collaboration; 3) Facing challenges with person-centered goal-setting; 4) Developing skills by experiences and education; and 5) Changing interaction and reflective practice. These categories were abstracted into two higher-ordered interlaced themes: 1) To seek mutual understanding of what is meaningful to the patient; and 2) To refine physiotherapy interaction skills, which we suggest would be useful for further conceptualization. Conclusion: In this analysis, we interpreted person-centered goal-setting in physiotherapy as a process of interaction toward a mutual understanding of what is meaningful to the patient. Future research may explore how to integrate mindful listening, embodied interaction and continuous ethical reflection with different assessments and treatment methods.