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1. The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Author

Franklin, RC, Peden, AE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Hay, SI, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Vos, T, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arba, AAK, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-9638, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-4453, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, DT, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Forooshani, ZSD, Do, HT, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Ivers, RQ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Kumar, GA, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Ye, Pengpeng ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-1436, Franklin, RC, Peden, AE ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6424-1511, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Hay, SI, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Vos, T, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arba, AAK, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-9638, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-4453, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Chowdhury, MAK, Chu, DT, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Forooshani, ZSD, Do, HT, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Ivers, RQ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-662X, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Kumar, GA, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, and Ye, Pengpeng ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2924-1436

Abstract

Background Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Results Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. Conclusions There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.

Published
2020

2. The burden of unintentional drowning: Global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Author

Franklin, RC, Peden, AE, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Hay, SI, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Vos, T, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Kinfe Arba, AA, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Chu, DT, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Do, HT, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Naghibi Irvani, SS, MofzulIslam, M, Ivers, RQ, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Anil Kumar, G, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manaf, N, Manaf, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, CT, Thi Nguyen, HL, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Franklin, RC, Peden, AE, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, ZV, Hay, SI, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Vos, T, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Kinfe Arba, AA, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Kabir Chowdhury, MA, Chu, DT, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Dibaji Forooshani, ZS, Do, HT, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Naghibi Irvani, SS, MofzulIslam, M, Ivers, RQ, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Anil Kumar, G, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manaf, N, Manaf, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Nguyen, CT, Thi Nguyen, HL, Olagunju, AT, and Olagunju, TO

Abstract

BackgroundDrowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study’s objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.MethodsUnintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning.ResultsGlobally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes.ConclusionsThere has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.

Published
2020

3. Prevalence and attributable health burden of chronic respiratory diseases, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Soriano, JB, Kendrick, PJ, Paulson, KR, Gupta, V, Vos, T, Abrams, EM, Adedoyin, RA, Adhikari, TB, Advani, SM, Agrawal, A, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Aljunid, SM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Anto, JM, Arabloo, J, Athari, SM, Athari, SS, Awoke, N, Badawi, A, Banoub, JAM, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KS, Bernstein, RS, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Brauer, M, Bukhman, G, Butt, ZA, Camera, LA, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Choi, J-YJ, Christopher, DJ, Cohen, AJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, AK, Daryani, A, de Courten, B, Demeke, FM, Demoz, GT, De Neve, J-W, Desai, R, Dharmaratne, SD, Diaz, D, Douiri, A, Driscoll, TR, Duken, EE, Eftekhari, A, Elkout, H, Endries, AY, Fadhil, I, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gebre, AK, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gezae, KE, Ghoshal, AG, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Goudarzi, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hailu, GB, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Jakovljevic, M, Jamal, AA, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Kabir, Z, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, GG, Kassa, GM, Kefale, AT, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khan, EA, Khan, J, Khubchandani, J, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Knibbs, LD, Komaki, H, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, GA, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, La Vecchia, C, Tham, TL, Leigh, J, Levi, M, Li, S, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Madotto, F, Mahotra, NB, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Manafi, F, Mantovani, LG, Meharie, BG, Meles, HG, Meles, GG, Menezes, RG, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Morawska, L, Mousavi, SM, Musa, KI, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Naghavi, M, Naik, G, Nair, S, Nangia, V, Nansseu, JR, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, RI, Trang, HN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nixon, MR, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Ortiz, JR, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Hai, QP, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Poustchi, H, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Reiner, RC, Reitsma, MB, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roro, EM, Roshandel, G, Rudd, KE, Sabde, YD, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safari, S, Saleem, K, Samy, AM, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Jose, BPS, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shirkoohi, R, Si, S, Siabani, S, Singh, V, Singh, JA, Soljak, M, Somayaji, R, Soofi, M, Soyiri, IN, Tefera, YM, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, BE, Thakur, JS, Toma, AT, Tortajada-Girbes, M, Khanh, BT, Bach, XT, Car, LT, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, van Boven, JFM, Vasankari, TJ, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Wagner, GR, Westerman, R, Wolfe, CDA, Wondafrash, DZ, Wondmieneh, AB, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zar, HJ, Zhang, Y, Soriano, JB, Kendrick, PJ, Paulson, KR, Gupta, V, Vos, T, Abrams, EM, Adedoyin, RA, Adhikari, TB, Advani, SM, Agrawal, A, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Aljunid, SM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Anber, NH, Andrei, CL, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Anto, JM, Arabloo, J, Athari, SM, Athari, SS, Awoke, N, Badawi, A, Banoub, JAM, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berfield, KS, Bernstein, RS, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Brauer, M, Bukhman, G, Butt, ZA, Camera, LA, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Choi, J-YJ, Christopher, DJ, Cohen, AJ, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Dang, AK, Daryani, A, de Courten, B, Demeke, FM, Demoz, GT, De Neve, J-W, Desai, R, Dharmaratne, SD, Diaz, D, Douiri, A, Driscoll, TR, Duken, EE, Eftekhari, A, Elkout, H, Endries, AY, Fadhil, I, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gebre, AK, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gezae, KE, Ghoshal, AG, Gill, PS, Gillum, RF, Goudarzi, H, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hailu, GB, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Jakovljevic, M, Jamal, AA, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Kabir, Z, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, GG, Kassa, GM, Kefale, AT, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khafaie, MA, Khan, EA, Khan, J, Khubchandani, J, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Knibbs, LD, Komaki, H, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, GA, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, La Vecchia, C, Tham, TL, Leigh, J, Levi, M, Li, S, Lopez, AD, Lotufo, PA, Madotto, F, Mahotra, NB, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mamun, AA, Manafi, N, Manafi, F, Mantovani, LG, Meharie, BG, Meles, HG, Meles, GG, Menezes, RG, Mestrovic, T, Miller, TR, Mini, GK, Mirrakhimov, EM, Moazen, B, Mohammad, KA, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Molokhia, M, Monasta, L, Moradi, M, Moradi, G, Morawska, L, Mousavi, SM, Musa, KI, Mustafa, G, Naderi, M, Naghavi, M, Naik, G, Nair, S, Nangia, V, Nansseu, JR, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, DE, Negoi, RI, Trang, HN, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Nixon, MR, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Ortiz, JR, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Park, E-K, Hai, QP, Postma, MJ, Pourjafar, H, Poustchi, H, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawal, L, Reiner, RC, Reitsma, MB, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roro, EM, Roshandel, G, Rudd, KE, Sabde, YD, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safari, S, Saleem, K, Samy, AM, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Jose, BPS, Sartorius, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Sheikh, A, Shigematsu, M, Shirkoohi, R, Si, S, Siabani, S, Singh, V, Singh, JA, Soljak, M, Somayaji, R, Soofi, M, Soyiri, IN, Tefera, YM, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, BE, Thakur, JS, Toma, AT, Tortajada-Girbes, M, Khanh, BT, Bach, XT, Car, LT, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valdez, PR, van Boven, JFM, Vasankari, TJ, Veisani, Y, Violante, FS, Wagner, GR, Westerman, R, Wolfe, CDA, Wondafrash, DZ, Wondmieneh, AB, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zar, HJ, and Zhang, Y

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Previous attempts to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases have focused only on specific disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. In this study, we aimed to characterise the burden of chronic respiratory diseases globally, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis on geographical and time trends from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we estimated the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality attributable to chronic respiratory diseases through an analysis of deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and years of life lost (YLL) by GBD super-region, from 1990 to 2017, stratified by age and sex. Specific diseases analysed included asthma, COPD, interstitial lung disease and pulmonary sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and other chronic respiratory diseases. We also assessed the contribution of risk factors (smoking, second-hand smoke, ambient particulate matter and ozone pollution, household air pollution from solid fuels, and occupational risks) to chronic respiratory disease-attributable DALYs. FINDINGS: In 2017, 544·9 million people (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 506·9-584·8) worldwide had a chronic respiratory disease, representing an increase of 39·8% compared with 1990. Chronic respiratory disease prevalence showed wide variability across GBD super-regions, with the highest prevalence among both males and females in high-income regions, and the lowest prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. The age-sex-specific prevalence of each chronic respiratory disease in 2017 was also highly variable geographically. Chronic respiratory diseases were the third leading cause of death in 2017 (7·0% [95% UI 6·8-7·2] of all deaths), behind cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Deaths due to chronic respiratory diseases numbered 3 914 196 (95% UI 3 790 578-4 044 819) in 2017, an increase of 18·0% since 1990, while

Published
2020

4. The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Author

Franklin, RC, Peden, AE, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, Z, Hay, S, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Theo, V, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arba, AAK, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Chowdhury, MAK, Dinh-Toi, C, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Forooshani, ZSD, Hoa, TD, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Chi, LH, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Ivers, RQ, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Kumar, GA, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Pathak, A, Polinder, S, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rana, SM, Rickard, J, Safari, S, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sarker, AR, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shaikh, MA, Shin, JI, Singh, PK, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Suleria, HAR, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, BE, Valdez, PR, Veisani, Y, Ye, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Bin Zaman, S, Zhang, Z-J, James, SL, Franklin, RC, Peden, AE, Hamilton, EB, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, Z, Hay, S, Liu, Z, Mokdad, AH, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Theo, V, Abady, GG, Abosetugn, AE, Ahmed, R, Alahdab, F, Andrei, CL, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Arba, AAK, Badiye, AD, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Banstola, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhardwaj, P, Bhaumik, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Boloor, A, Carvalho, F, Chowdhury, MAK, Dinh-Toi, C, Colquhoun, SM, Dagne, H, Dagnew, B, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daryani, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Forooshani, ZSD, Hoa, TD, Driscoll, TR, Eagan, AW, El-Khatib, Z, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebremichael, B, Gupta, G, Haagsma, JA, Hassan, S, Hendrie, D, Chi, LH, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Inbaraj, LR, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Ivers, RQ, Jayatilleke, AU, Joukar, F, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khan, M, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Krishan, K, Kumar, GA, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, McKee, M, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miller, TR, Mithra, P, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohebi, F, Molokhia, M, Mustafa, G, Negoi, I, Cuong, TN, Huong, LTN, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Pathak, A, Polinder, S, Pribadi, DRA, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rana, SM, Rickard, J, Safari, S, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sarker, AR, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shaikh, MA, Shin, JI, Singh, PK, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Suleria, HAR, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Tesfay, BE, Valdez, PR, Veisani, Y, Ye, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Bin Zaman, S, Zhang, Z-J, and James, SL

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. METHODS: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. RESULTS: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.

Published
2020

5. Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study

Author

James, SL, Lucchesi, LR, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, Z, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Henry, NJ, McCracken, D, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, MB, Alahdab, F, Alipour, V, Andualem, Z, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Badiye, AD, Bagherzadeh, M, Banstola, A, Baernighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhaumik, S, Bijani, A, Bukhman, G, Carvalho, F, Crowe, CS, Dalal, K, Daryani, A, Nasab, MD, Hoa, TD, Huyen, PD, Endries, AY, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Gebremedhin, KBB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gilani, SA, Haagsma, JA, Hamidi, S, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Igumbor, EU, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Jayatilleke, AU, Kahsay, A, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khazaee-Pool, M, Kokubo, Y, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Mangalam, S, Massenburg, BB, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Miller, TR, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Morrison, SD, Negoi, I, Trang, HN, Son, HN, Cuong, TN, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Polinder, S, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roro, EM, Roy, N, Safari-Faramani, R, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shigematsu, M, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Tohidinik, HR, Bach, XT, Valdez, PR, Wijeratne, T, Yisma, E, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, S, Mokdad, AH, James, SL, Lucchesi, LR, Bisignano, C, Castle, CD, Dingels, Z, Fox, JT, Hamilton, EB, Henry, NJ, McCracken, D, Roberts, NLS, Sylte, DO, Ahmadi, A, Ahmed, MB, Alahdab, F, Alipour, V, Andualem, Z, Antonio, CAT, Arabloo, J, Badiye, AD, Bagherzadeh, M, Banstola, A, Baernighausen, TW, Barzegar, A, Bayati, M, Bhaumik, S, Bijani, A, Bukhman, G, Carvalho, F, Crowe, CS, Dalal, K, Daryani, A, Nasab, MD, Hoa, TD, Huyen, PD, Endries, AY, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fukumoto, T, Gebremedhin, KBB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gilani, SA, Haagsma, JA, Hamidi, S, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Igumbor, EU, Ilesanmi, OS, Irvani, SSN, Jayatilleke, AU, Kahsay, A, Kapoor, N, Kasaeian, A, Khader, YS, Khalil, IA, Khan, EA, Khazaee-Pool, M, Kokubo, Y, Lopez, AD, Madadin, M, Majdan, M, Maled, V, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, N, Manafi, A, Mangalam, S, Massenburg, BB, Meles, HG, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, TJ, Miazgowski, B, Miller, TR, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Morrison, SD, Negoi, I, Trang, HN, Son, HN, Cuong, TN, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Padubidri, JR, Polinder, S, Rabiee, N, Rabiee, M, Radfar, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rezapour, A, Rickard, J, Roro, EM, Roy, N, Safari-Faramani, R, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Satpathy, M, Sawhney, M, Schwebel, DC, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Shigematsu, M, Soheili, A, Stokes, MA, Tohidinik, HR, Bach, XT, Valdez, PR, Wijeratne, T, Yisma, E, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zhang, Z-J, Hay, S, and Mokdad, AH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Past research has shown how fires, heat and hot substances are important causes of health loss globally. Detailed estimates of the morbidity and mortality from these injuries could help drive preventative measures and improved access to care. METHODS: We used the Global Burden of Disease 2017 framework to produce three main results. First, we produced results on incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, deaths, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life years from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries and territories. Second, we analysed these results to measure mortality-to-incidence ratios by location. Third, we reported the measures above in terms of the cause of fire, heat and hot substances and the types of bodily injuries that result. RESULTS: Globally, there were 8 991 468 (7 481 218 to 10 740 897) new fire, heat and hot substance injuries in 2017 with 120 632 (101 630 to 129 383) deaths. At the global level, the age-standardised mortality caused by fire, heat and hot substances significantly declined from 1990 to 2017, but regionally there was variability in age-standardised incidence with some regions experiencing an increase (eg, Southern Latin America) and others experiencing a significant decrease (eg, High-income North America). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality of injuries that result from fire, heat and hot substances affect every region of the world but are most concentrated in middle and lower income areas. More resources should be invested in measuring these injuries as well as in improving infrastructure, advancing safety measures and ensuring access to care.

Published
2020

6. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Dinh-Toi, C, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Huyen, PD, Linh, PD, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Farhangi, MA, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fard, RF, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Chi, LH, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Magi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradpour, F, Morrison, SD, Muchie, KF, Naghavi, M, Nazari, J, Ngunjiri, JW, Cuong, TN, Long, HN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Ong, SK, Paapsi, K, Pennini, A, Pereira, DM, Pillay, JD, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Raoofi, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reiner, RC, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Roba, KT, Robison, LL, Rodriguez-Galindo, C, Roshandel, G, Safiri, S, Salahshoor, M, Zahabi, SS, Samy, AM, Milicevic, MMS, Satpathy, M, Sawyer, SM, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shaikh, MA, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shirkoohi, R, Siabani, S, Singh, JA, Siramlee, K, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Temsah, M-H, Tran, BX, Ullah, I, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Waheed, Y, Weldesamuel, GT, Workie, HM, Xu, R, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, TZ, Zaidi, Z, Zangeneh, A, Zewale, TA, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, CJL, Fitzmaurice, C, Bhakta, N, Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catala-Lopez, F, Dinh-Toi, C, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Huyen, PD, Linh, PD, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Farhangi, MA, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fard, RF, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Chi, LH, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Magi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradpour, F, Morrison, SD, Muchie, KF, Naghavi, M, Nazari, J, Ngunjiri, JW, Cuong, TN, Long, HN, Son, HN, Trang, HN, Nixon, MR, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Ong, SK, Paapsi, K, Pennini, A, Pereira, DM, Pillay, JD, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Raoofi, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reiner, RC, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Roba, KT, Robison, LL, Rodriguez-Galindo, C, Roshandel, G, Safiri, S, Salahshoor, M, Zahabi, SS, Samy, AM, Milicevic, MMS, Satpathy, M, Sawyer, SM, Seyedmousavi, S, Shabaninejad, H, Shaikh, MA, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shirkoohi, R, Siabani, S, Singh, JA, Siramlee, K, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Temsah, M-H, Tran, BX, Ullah, I, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Waheed, Y, Weldesamuel, GT, Workie, HM, Xu, R, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, TZ, Zaidi, Z, Zangeneh, A, Zewale, TA, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, CJL, Fitzmaurice, C, and Bhakta, N

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Accurate childhood cancer burden data are crucial for resource planning and health policy prioritisation. Model-based estimates are necessary because cancer surveillance data are scarce or non-existent in many countries. Although global incidence and mortality estimates are available, there are no previous analyses of the global burden of childhood cancer represented in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). METHODS: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 methodology, childhood (ages 0-19 years) cancer mortality was estimated by use of vital registration system data, verbal autopsy data, and population-based cancer registry incidence data, which were transformed to mortality estimates through modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Childhood cancer incidence was estimated using the mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated by using MIR to model survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the difference between the age of death and a reference life expectancy. DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Final point estimates are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2017, there were 11·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 10·6-12·3) DALYs due to childhood cancer, 97·3% (97·3-97·3) of which were attributable to YLLs and 2·7% (2·7-2·7) of which were attributable to YLDs. Childhood cancer was the sixth leading cause of total cancer burden globally and the ninth leading cause of childhood disease burden globally. 82·2% (82·1-82·2) of global childhood cancer DALYs occurred in low, low-middle, or middle Socio-demographic Index locations, whereas 50·3% (50·3-50·3) of adult cancer DALYs occurred in these same locations. Cancers that are uncategorised in the current GBD framework comprised 26·5% (26·5-26·5) of gl

Published
2019

7. Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Beghi, E, Giussani, G, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abraha, HN, Adib, MG, Agrawal, S, Alandab, F, Awasthi, A, Ayele, Y, Barboza, MA, Belachew, AB, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bitew, H, Carvalho, F, Chaiah, Y, Daryani, A, Huyen, PD, Dubey, M, Endries, AYY, Eskandarieh, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Fijabi, DO, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebre, AK, Tsadik, AG, Gebremichael, TG, Gezae, KE, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Weldegwergs, KG, Degefa, MG, Gnedovskaya, E, Hagos, TB, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Jakovljevic, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Khader, YS, Khalil, I, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Kisa, A, Krohn, KJ, Kulkarni, C, Nirayo, YL, Mackay, MT, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Manhertz, T, Mehndiratta, MM, Mekonen, T, Meles, HG, Mengistu, G, Mohammed, S, Naghavi, M, Mokdad, AH, Mustafa, G, Irvani, SSN, Long, HN, Nichols, E, Nixon, MR, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Owolabi, MO, Philips, MR, Pinilla-Monsalve, GD, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Reinig, N, Sachdev, PS, Safari, H, Safari, S, Safiri, S, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sarvi, S, Sawhney, M, Shaikh, MA, Sharif, M, Singh, G, Smith, M, Szoeke, CE, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Temsah, M-H, Temsah, O, Tortajada-Girbes, M, Bach, XT, Tsegay, AAT, Ullah, I, Venketasubramanian, N, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Yimer, EM, Yonemoto, N, Feigin, VL, Vos, T, Murray, CJL, Beghi, E, Giussani, G, Abd-Allah, F, Abdela, J, Abdelalim, A, Abraha, HN, Adib, MG, Agrawal, S, Alandab, F, Awasthi, A, Ayele, Y, Barboza, MA, Belachew, AB, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bitew, H, Carvalho, F, Chaiah, Y, Daryani, A, Huyen, PD, Dubey, M, Endries, AYY, Eskandarieh, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Fijabi, DO, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Gebre, AK, Tsadik, AG, Gebremichael, TG, Gezae, KE, Ghasemi-Kasman, M, Weldegwergs, KG, Degefa, MG, Gnedovskaya, E, Hagos, TB, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Jakovljevic, M, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Khader, YS, Khalil, I, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Kisa, A, Krohn, KJ, Kulkarni, C, Nirayo, YL, Mackay, MT, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Manhertz, T, Mehndiratta, MM, Mekonen, T, Meles, HG, Mengistu, G, Mohammed, S, Naghavi, M, Mokdad, AH, Mustafa, G, Irvani, SSN, Long, HN, Nichols, E, Nixon, MR, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Owolabi, MO, Philips, MR, Pinilla-Monsalve, GD, Qorbani, M, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Reinig, N, Sachdev, PS, Safari, H, Safari, S, Safiri, S, Sahraian, MA, Samy, AM, Sarvi, S, Sawhney, M, Shaikh, MA, Sharif, M, Singh, G, Smith, M, Szoeke, CE, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Temsah, M-H, Temsah, O, Tortajada-Girbes, M, Bach, XT, Tsegay, AAT, Ullah, I, Venketasubramanian, N, Westerman, R, Winkler, AS, Yimer, EM, Yonemoto, N, Feigin, VL, Vos, T, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Seizures and their consequences contribute to the burden of epilepsy because they can cause health loss (premature mortality and residual disability). Data on the burden of epilepsy are needed for health-care planning and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to quantify health loss due to epilepsy by age, sex, year, and location using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. METHODS: We assessed the burden of epilepsy in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2016. Burden was measured as deaths, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; a summary measure of health loss defined by the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] for premature mortality and years lived with disability), by age, sex, year, location, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility). Vital registrations and verbal autopsies provided information about deaths, and data on the prevalence and severity of epilepsy largely came from population representative surveys. All estimates were calculated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS: In 2016, there were 45·9 million (95% UI 39·9-54·6) patients with all-active epilepsy (both idiopathic and secondary epilepsy globally; age-standardised prevalence 621·5 per 100 000 population; 540·1-737·0). Of these patients, 24·0 million (20·4-27·7) had active idiopathic epilepsy (prevalence 326·7 per 100 000 population; 278·4-378·1). Prevalence of active epilepsy increased with age, with peaks at 5-9 years (374·8 [280·1-490·0]) and at older than 80 years of age (545·1 [444·2-652·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of active idiopathic epilepsy was 329·3 per 100 000 population (280·3-381·2) in men and 318·9 per 100 000 population (271·1-369·4) in women, and was similar among SDI quintiles. Global age-standardised mortality rates of idiopathic epilepsy were 1·74 per 100 000 population (1·64-1·87; 1·40 per 100 000 population [1·23-1·54] for women

Published
2019

8. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catalá-López, F, Chu, DT, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Doan, LP, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Abbasalizad Farhangi, M, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fouladi Fard, R, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Mägi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catalá-López, F, Chu, DT, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Doan, LP, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Abbasalizad Farhangi, M, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fouladi Fard, R, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Mägi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, and Moossavi, M

Abstract

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Accurate childhood cancer burden data are crucial for resource planning and health policy prioritisation. Model-based estimates are necessary because cancer surveillance data are scarce or non-existent in many countries. Although global incidence and mortality estimates are available, there are no previous analyses of the global burden of childhood cancer represented in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 methodology, childhood (ages 0–19 years) cancer mortality was estimated by use of vital registration system data, verbal autopsy data, and population-based cancer registry incidence data, which were transformed to mortality estimates through modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Childhood cancer incidence was estimated using the mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated by using MIR to model survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the difference between the age of death and a reference life expectancy. DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Final point estimates are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: Globally, in 2017, there were 11·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 10·6–12·3) DALYs due to childhood cancer, 97·3% (97·3–97·3) of which were attributable to YLLs and 2·7% (2·7–2·7) of which were attributable to YLDs. Childhood cancer was the sixth leading cause of total cancer burden globally and the ninth leading cause of childhood disease burden globally. 82·2% (82·1–82·2) of global childhood cancer DALYs occurred in low, low-middle, or middle Socio-demographic Index locations, whereas 50·3% (50·3–50·3) of adult cancer DALYs occurred in these s

Published
2019

9. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catalá-López, F, Chu, DT, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Doan, LP, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Abbasalizad Farhangi, M, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fouladi Fard, R, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Mägi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Force, LM, Abdollahpour, I, Advani, SM, Agius, D, Ahmadian, E, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alebel, A, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvarez, EM, Amini, S, Amoako, YA, Anber, NH, Arabloo, J, Artaman, A, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Basaleem, H, Bekru, ET, Bijani, A, Bogale, KA, Car, M, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Catalá-López, F, Chu, DT, Costa, VM, Darwish, AH, Demeke, FM, Demis, AB, Demoz, GT, Dharmaratne, SD, Do, HP, Doan, LP, Dubey, M, Eftekhari, A, El-Khatib, Z, Emamian, MH, Abbasalizad Farhangi, M, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Fouladi Fard, R, Friedrich, PM, Fukumoto, T, Gedefaw, GA, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamidi, S, Harvey, JD, Hassen, HY, Hay, SI, Hoang, CL, Hole, MK, Horita, N, Hosseini, SN, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hsairi, M, Hudson, MM, Innos, K, Jalilian, F, James, SL, Kasaeian, A, Kassa, TD, Kassebaum, NJ, Keiyoro, PN, Khader, YS, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kirby, J, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kocarnik, JM, Lauriola, P, Lopez, AD, Mägi, M, Malik, MA, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Massenburg, BB, Mehta, V, Meles, HG, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mir, SM, Mohammad, DK, Darwesh, AM, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadibakhsh, R, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mokdad, AH, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, and Moossavi, M

Abstract

© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Accurate childhood cancer burden data are crucial for resource planning and health policy prioritisation. Model-based estimates are necessary because cancer surveillance data are scarce or non-existent in many countries. Although global incidence and mortality estimates are available, there are no previous analyses of the global burden of childhood cancer represented in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Methods: Using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 methodology, childhood (ages 0–19 years) cancer mortality was estimated by use of vital registration system data, verbal autopsy data, and population-based cancer registry incidence data, which were transformed to mortality estimates through modelled mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Childhood cancer incidence was estimated using the mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated by using MIR to model survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the difference between the age of death and a reference life expectancy. DALYs were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. Final point estimates are reported with 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: Globally, in 2017, there were 11·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 10·6–12·3) DALYs due to childhood cancer, 97·3% (97·3–97·3) of which were attributable to YLLs and 2·7% (2·7–2·7) of which were attributable to YLDs. Childhood cancer was the sixth leading cause of total cancer burden globally and the ninth leading cause of childhood disease burden globally. 82·2% (82·1–82·2) of global childhood cancer DALYs occurred in low, low-middle, or middle Socio-demographic Index locations, whereas 50·3% (50·3–50·3) of adult cancer DALYs occurred in these s

Published
2019

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