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As part of a broad One Health surveillance effort to detect novel viruses in wildlife and people, we report several paramyxovirus sequences sampled primarily from bats during 2013 and 2014 in Brazil and Malaysia, including seven from which we recovered full-length genomes. Of these, six represent the first full-length paramyxovirid genomes sequenced from the Americas, including two that are the first full-length bat morbillivirus genome sequences published to date. Our findings add to the vast number of viral sequences in public repositories, which have been increasing considerably in recent years due to the rising accessibility of metagenomics. Taxonomic classification of these sequences in the absence of phenotypic data has been a significant challenge, particularly in the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae, where the rate of discovery of novel sequences has been substantial. Using pairwise amino acid sequence classification (PAASC), we propose that five of these sequences belong to members of the genus Jeilongvirus and two belong to members of the genus Morbillivirus. We also highlight inconsistencies in the classification of Tupaia virus and Mòjiāng virus using the same demarcation criteria and suggest reclassification of these viruses into new genera. Importantly, this study underscores the critical importance of sequence length in PAASC analysis as well as the importance of biological characteristics such as genome organization in the taxonomic classification of viral sequences.

As part of a broad One Health surveillance effort to detect novel viruses in wildlife and people, we report several paramyxovirus sequences sampled primarily from bats during 2013 and 2014 in Brazil and Malaysia, including seven from which we recovered full-length genomes. Of these, six represent the first full-length paramyxovirid genomes sequenced from the Americas, including two that are the first full-length bat morbillivirus genome sequences published to date. Our findings add to the vast number of viral sequences in public repositories, which have been increasing considerably in recent years due to the rising accessibility of metagenomics. Taxonomic classification of these sequences in the absence of phenotypic data has been a significant challenge, particularly in the subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae, where the rate of discovery of novel sequences has been substantial. Using pairwise amino acid sequence classification (PAASC), we propose that five of these sequences belong to members of the genus Jeilongvirus and two belong to members of the genus Morbillivirus. We also highlight inconsistencies in the classification of Tupaia virus and Mòjiāng virus using the same demarcation criteria and suggest reclassification of these viruses into new genera. Importantly, this study underscores the critical importance of sequence length in PAASC analysis as well as the importance of biological characteristics such as genome organization in the taxonomic classification of viral sequences.

本研究では､1960年代にアメリカから台湾に導入された視覚障害児巡回指導制度の成立とその発展において､｢視覚障害児統合教育プログラム教員養成センター｣(以下､センター)が､いかなる位置付けのもとに､どのような役割を果たしてきたかについて検討した｡本制度の導入段階において､巡回指導教員養成機関としてセンターが設立され､制度発足に重要な役割を果たした｡さらに制度開始後においても､政府が制度運営の執行組織を設置せずセンターに任せるという方針をとったため､センターは本来の教員育成業務のほかに､巡回指導の全国的な統括･指導の役割を実質的に担った｡しかし､このように本来の業務ではない巡回指導の推進を教員育成センターが担い続けたこと､また､センターの事業は政府の各年度の委託事業であり､敷地､組織･人事､予算等に長期的な見通しがない状態が続いたことなどの問題があった｡その後､1994年の｢教員養成法」の制定に伴い､他の教員養成大学においても巡回指導教員の養成が可能になった｡また､その翌年(1995年)には､センターは元設置校である台南師範学院の一組織となり､約30年間にわたって続いた唯一の教員養成機関としての役割は終了した｡, http://www.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/mylimedio/dl/page.do?issueid=102554608&old_issueid=631428&tocid=100037079&page=147-157

A multi product, continuous review inventory model with dependent setup cost is studied and a joint ordering policy is defined. The development of the model is based on te independent (R,Q) policy. A can order point is derived for each product such that if the inventory level of one product drops to its reorder point, all products with inventory level less than or equal to their can order points are ordered together. The analytic results are given for the unit Poisson demands. Simulation experiments are used to compare the joint ordering policy with the independent ordering policy for the case of Stuttering Poisson demands. It is learned that the joint ordering policy achieves a substantial saving in total cost over the independent ordering policy. (Author)

The report describes a method for calculating a maximum release quantity (MRQ) for routine (ADP) processing of MILSTRIP requisitions. Various models are formulated and their performances compared, using demand transactions for about 80 army tank automotive command items. Based on this analysis, an MRQ calculated as a linear function of an item's variance-to-mean ratio (VMR) of demand is tested for best results. (Author), Prepared in cooperation with Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.

Background One in six couples in Australia experiences fertility problems1. Randomized clinical trials have confirmed the effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) as compared to no treatment and IVF. However, IUI, while much less expensive than IVF, is used on a limited scale in Australia. Aim To study, in women with unexplained subfertility, the cumulative chance of conception leading to live birth from intrauterine insemination (IUI). Method We performed a retrospective cohort analysis among consecutive couples with unexplained subfertility in a single fertility centre from January 2013 to December 2017. Couples were followed from the start of IUI until live birth (registered at the moment of conception), or the last cycle of IUI (up to 8 cycles). We constructed Kaplan Meier curves and estimated cumulative live birth rates with IUI in terms of days since IUI and number of cycles. Results In total, 574 couples with unexplained subfertility underwent 1313 cycles of IUI. The median age of women included in this study was 35 (range 21 to 45). Of all the women in the study, 11.71% of them had previous pregnancy over 20 weeks gestation, whereas the remainder of 88.29% women did not. The cumulative chance of conception leading to live birth within 90 and 180 days from IUI treatment was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14%-23%] and 24% (95% CI 18%-31%), respectively. Similarly, the cumulative chance to have a live birth by undergoing three and five cycles of IUI was 19% (95% CI 15%-24%) and 24% (95% CI 17%-35%), respectively. The chance did not further increase with more cycles of IUI performed. Conclusion Couples with unexplained subfertility have a reasonable cumulative chance of live birth by having five cycles of IUI within 180 days. The value of this treatment in treating unexplained subfertility, with low cost and minor safety concerns, should be reconsidered in Australia.

Background One in six couples in Australia experiences fertility problems, which most couples requiring assisted reproductive technology (ART), commonly in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI). I30% of couples drop out following unsuccessful IVF treatment, mainly due to physical, emotional and financial demands of IVF. Is IUI more cost-effective as initial treatment for couples with unexplained subfertility? Aim To assess the economic burden of treatments for couples with unexplained subfertility with IVF and IUI, comparing the cost-effectiveness of these treatment modalities as initial treatment leading to live birth. Method We performed a retrospective cohort analysis among consecutive couples with unexplained subfertility in a single fertility centre between January 2013 to December 2017. Couples were followed from the start of IUI until live birth (registered at the moment of conception), or the last cycle of IUI (up to 8 cycles). Kaplan-Meier curves were performed and cumulative live birth rates with IUI in terms of days since IUI and number of cycles were calculated. Cumulative live birth rates after IVF were extracted from study published in NEMJ by Beth A. Maliza et al.2 Couples in this group were followed until either discontinuation of treatment or until live birth. For each group, we computed the cumulative live birth rates with the use of IUI or IVF, and costs of IUI or IVF (assuming one cycle of IUI costs. 1100AUD and one cycle of IVF costs 5000AUD) to calculate the cost per additional live birth generated by IUI or IVF. Results Overall, for couples with unexplained subfertility the cumulative chance to have a live birth by undergoing 4 cycles of IUI was 20% (95% CI 15%-26%). The chance did not further increase with more cycles of IUI performed. For IVF, cumulative live birth after 1 cycle was 25% and after 2 cycles was 37% and 40% for conservative and optimistic analysis respectively2. The rate of cumulative live birth is compar

Background One in six couples in Australia experiences fertility problems1. Randomized clinical trials have confirmed the effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) as compared to no treatment and IVF. However, IUI, while much less expensive than IVF, is used on a limited scale in Australia. Aim To study, in women with unexplained subfertility, the cumulative chance of conception leading to live birth from intrauterine insemination (IUI). Method We performed a retrospective cohort analysis among consecutive couples with unexplained subfertility in a single fertility centre from January 2013 to December 2017. Couples were followed from the start of IUI until live birth (registered at the moment of conception), or the last cycle of IUI (up to 8 cycles). We constructed Kaplan Meier curves and estimated cumulative live birth rates with IUI in terms of days since IUI and number of cycles. Results In total, 574 couples with unexplained subfertility underwent 1313 cycles of IUI. The median age of women included in this study was 35 (range 21 to 45). Of all the women in the study, 11.71% of them had previous pregnancy over 20 weeks gestation, whereas the remainder of 88.29% women did not. The cumulative chance of conception leading to live birth within 90 and 180 days from IUI treatment was 18% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14%-23%] and 24% (95% CI 18%-31%), respectively. Similarly, the cumulative chance to have a live birth by undergoing three and five cycles of IUI was 19% (95% CI 15%-24%) and 24% (95% CI 17%-35%), respectively. The chance did not further increase with more cycles of IUI performed. Conclusion Couples with unexplained subfertility have a reasonable cumulative chance of live birth by having five cycles of IUI within 180 days. The value of this treatment in treating unexplained subfertility, with low cost and minor safety concerns, should be reconsidered in Australia.

Background One in six couples in Australia experiences fertility problems, which most couples requiring assisted reproductive technology (ART), commonly in-vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI). I30% of couples drop out following unsuccessful IVF treatment, mainly due to physical, emotional and financial demands of IVF. Is IUI more cost-effective as initial treatment for couples with unexplained subfertility? Aim To assess the economic burden of treatments for couples with unexplained subfertility with IVF and IUI, comparing the cost-effectiveness of these treatment modalities as initial treatment leading to live birth. Method We performed a retrospective cohort analysis among consecutive couples with unexplained subfertility in a single fertility centre between January 2013 to December 2017. Couples were followed from the start of IUI until live birth (registered at the moment of conception), or the last cycle of IUI (up to 8 cycles). Kaplan-Meier curves were performed and cumulative live birth rates with IUI in terms of days since IUI and number of cycles were calculated. Cumulative live birth rates after IVF were extracted from study published in NEMJ by Beth A. Maliza et al.2 Couples in this group were followed until either discontinuation of treatment or until live birth. For each group, we computed the cumulative live birth rates with the use of IUI or IVF, and costs of IUI or IVF (assuming one cycle of IUI costs. 1100AUD and one cycle of IVF costs 5000AUD) to calculate the cost per additional live birth generated by IUI or IVF. Results Overall, for couples with unexplained subfertility the cumulative chance to have a live birth by undergoing 4 cycles of IUI was 20% (95% CI 15%-26%). The chance did not further increase with more cycles of IUI performed. For IVF, cumulative live birth after 1 cycle was 25% and after 2 cycles was 37% and 40% for conservative and optimistic analysis respectively2. The rate of cumulative live birth is compar