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Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs currently lack evidence-based recommendations for cost-efficient survey designs for monitoring and evaluation. Here, we present a framework to provide evidence-based recommendations, using a case study of therapeutic drug efficacy monitoring based on the examination of helminth eggs in stool. Methods We performed an in-depth analysis of the operational costs to process one stool sample for three diagnostic methods (Kato-Katz, Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAKG2). Next, we performed simulations to determine the probability of detecting a truly reduced therapeutic efficacy for different scenarios of STH species (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hook-worms), pre-treatment infection levels, survey design (screen and select (SS); screen, select and retest (SSR) and no selection (NS)) and number of subjects enrolled (100– 5,000). Finally, we integrated the outcome of the cost assessment into the simulation study to estimate the total survey costs and determined the most cost-efficient survey design. Principal findings Kato-Katz allowed for both the highest sample throughput and the lowest cost per test, while FECPAKG2 required both the most laboratory time and was the most expensive. Counting of eggs accounted for 23% (FECPAKG2) or ≥80% (Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC) of the total time-to-result. NS survey designs in combination with Kato-Katz were the most cost-efficient to assess therapeutic drug efficacy in all scenarios of STH species and endemicity. Conclusions/significance We confirm that Kato-Katz is the fecal egg counting method of choice for monitoring therapeutic drug efficacy, but that the survey design currently recommended by WHO (SS) should be updated. Our generic framework, which captures laboratory time and material costs, can be used to further support cost-efficient choices for other important surveys informing STH control programs. In addition, it can be used t

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs currently lack evidence-based recommendations for cost-efficient survey designs for monitoring and evaluation. Here, we present a framework to provide evidence-based recommendations, using a case study of therapeutic drug efficacy monitoring based on the examination of helminth eggs in stool. Methods We performed an in-depth analysis of the operational costs to process one stool sample for three diagnostic methods (Kato-Katz, Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAKG2). Next, we performed simulations to determine the probability of detecting a truly reduced therapeutic efficacy for different scenarios of STH species (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hook-worms), pre-treatment infection levels, survey design (screen and select (SS); screen, select and retest (SSR) and no selection (NS)) and number of subjects enrolled (100– 5,000). Finally, we integrated the outcome of the cost assessment into the simulation study to estimate the total survey costs and determined the most cost-efficient survey design. Principal findings Kato-Katz allowed for both the highest sample throughput and the lowest cost per test, while FECPAKG2 required both the most laboratory time and was the most expensive. Counting of eggs accounted for 23% (FECPAKG2) or ≥80% (Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC) of the total time-to-result. NS survey designs in combination with Kato-Katz were the most cost-efficient to assess therapeutic drug efficacy in all scenarios of STH species and endemicity. Conclusions/significance We confirm that Kato-Katz is the fecal egg counting method of choice for monitoring therapeutic drug efficacy, but that the survey design currently recommended by WHO (SS) should be updated. Our generic framework, which captures laboratory time and material costs, can be used to further support cost-efficient choices for other important surveys informing STH control programs. In addition, it can be used t

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs currently lack evidence-based recommendations for cost-efficient survey designs for monitoring and evaluation. Here, we present a framework to provide evidence-based recommendations, using a case study of therapeutic drug efficacy monitoring based on the examination of helminth eggs in stool. Methods We performed an in-depth analysis of the operational costs to process one stool sample for three diagnostic methods (Kato-Katz, Mini-FLOTAC and FECPAKG2). Next, we performed simulations to determine the probability of detecting a truly reduced therapeutic efficacy for different scenarios of STH species (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hook-worms), pre-treatment infection levels, survey design (screen and select (SS); screen, select and retest (SSR) and no selection (NS)) and number of subjects enrolled (100– 5,000). Finally, we integrated the outcome of the cost assessment into the simulation study to estimate the total survey costs and determined the most cost-efficient survey design. Principal findings Kato-Katz allowed for both the highest sample throughput and the lowest cost per test, while FECPAKG2 required both the most laboratory time and was the most expensive. Counting of eggs accounted for 23% (FECPAKG2) or ≥80% (Kato-Katz and Mini-FLOTAC) of the total time-to-result. NS survey designs in combination with Kato-Katz were the most cost-efficient to assess therapeutic drug efficacy in all scenarios of STH species and endemicity. Conclusions/significance We confirm that Kato-Katz is the fecal egg counting method of choice for monitoring therapeutic drug efficacy, but that the survey design currently recommended by WHO (SS) should be updated. Our generic framework, which captures laboratory time and material costs, can be used to further support cost-efficient choices for other important surveys informing STH control programs. In addition, it can be used t

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de abordar a imposição do regime de separação legal de bens na perspectiva contemporânea, considerando os princípios da Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto do Idoso, com considerações sobre a expectativa de vida e o envelhecimento no Brasil, bem como entendimento doutrinário, jurisprudencial e outras conceituações pertinentes. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa é a indutiva, com pesquisa bibliográfica por coleta de dados literários, artigos, e dispositivos legais. Com o resultado verifica-se a necessidade de revogação da norma que impõe o regime de separação obrigatória de bens aos maiores de 70 anos de idade.

While mRNA vaccines are administrated worldwide in an effort to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, the heterogeneity of the humoral immune response they induce at the population scale remains unclear. Here, in a prospective, longitudinal, cohort-study, including 1245 hospital care workers and 146 nursing home residents scheduled for BNT162b2 vaccination, together covering adult ages from 19 to 99 years, we analyse seroconversion to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and amount of spike-specific IgG, IgM and IgA before vaccination, and 3-5 weeks after each dose. We show that immunogenicity after a single vaccine dose is biased to IgG, heterogeneous and reduced with increasing age. The second vaccine dose normalizes IgG seroconversion in all age strata. These findings indicate two dose mRNA vaccines is required to reach population scale humoral immunity. The results advocate for the interval between the two doses not to be extended, and for serological monitoring of elderly and immunosuppressed vaccinees.

In this study solid state fermentation (SSF), was evaluated using a novel PolyHIPE Polymer (PHP) matrix. The matrix was developed with approach for improving the production of antibiotic from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), made-up with different pore sizes (55, 39, 19 µm) with surface chemistry Sulphonated/Neutralised. The matrix was packed in micro-bioreactor for the production of antibiotics, the growth conditions such as pores size of the matrix was investigated against the growth time (From 0 to 168 hours) and two the extracts were produced, Prodigiosin a member of tripyrrole family red pigment and Actinorhodin a dimeric benzoisochromanequinone antibiotic which belongs to a class of aromatic polyketides. The concentration of extracted antibiotics and their activities were examined by disk diffusion method. The two produced compounds were tested against the microbial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Penicillium notatum) and the inhibition effects were measured. As a result, it was concluded that the largest zone of inhibition (diameter in mm) was observed in the plate inoculated with the strains of DSM 10 (Bacillus subtilis), inhibited by prodigiosin extract.

The article proposes the construction of a virtual learning environment based on a selection of didactic strategies that promote active learning and the ICT tools available on the Moodle educational platform. The analysis and reflection of the didactic strategies focused on the students led to the choice of the so-called: case studies and project work, mediated through tools: homework, forum and questionnaire. Research based on development through adaptations of its phases is used as a guide for the development of the proposal. In addition, those ICT tools were associated to implement these student-centered strategies. The proposal innovates in the way of proposing significant learning aimed at the training of software analysts-programmers who must propose computer solutions to real-world problems., El artículo propone la construcción de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje basado en una selección de estrategias didácticas que propician el aprendizaje activo y de las herramientas TIC disponibles en la plataforma educativa Moodle. El análisis y reflexión de las estrategias didácticas centradas en los estudiantes inclinó en la elección de las denominadas: estudio de casos y trabajo por proyectos, mediatizadas a través de herramientas: tarea, foro y cuestionario. Se utiliza como guía para el desarrollo de la propuesta, la investigación basada en el desarrollo a través de adaptaciones de sus fases. Además, se asociaron aquellas herramientas TIC para implementar estas estrategias centradas en el estudiante. La propuesta innova en el modo de proponer aprendizajes significativos orientados a la formación de analistas-programadores de software quienes deben proponer soluciones informáticas ante problemas del mundo real.

Serological assays are valuable tools to study SARS-CoV-2 spread and, importantly, to identify individuals that were already infected and would be potentially immune to a virus reinfection. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD) are the antigens with higher potential to develop SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. Moreover, structural studies of these antigens are key to understand the molecular basis for Spike interaction with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor, hopefully enabling the development of COVID-19 therapeutics. Thus, it is urgent that significant amounts of this protein became available at the highest quality. In this study, we produced Spike and RBD in two human derived cell hosts: HEK293-E6 and Expi293F™. We evaluated the impact of different and scalable bioprocessing approaches on Spike and RBD production yields and, more importantly, on these antigens' quality attributes. Using negative and positive sera collected from human donors, we show an excellent performance of the produced antigens, assessed in serologic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests, as denoted by the high specificity and sensitivity of the test. We show robust Spike productions with final yields of approx. 2 mg/L of culture that were maintained independently of the production scale or cell culture strategy. To the best of our knowledge, the final yield of 90 mg/L of culture obtained for RBD production, was the highest reported to date. An in-depth characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and RBD proteins was performed, namely the antigen's oligomeric state, glycosylation profiles, and thermal stability during storage. The correlation of these quality attributes with ELISA performance show equivalent reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 positive serum, for all Spike and RBD produced, and for all storage conditions tested. Overall, we provide straightforward protocols to produce high-quality SARS-CoV-2 Spike and RBD antigens, that can be easily adapted to both academ

The article proposes the construction of a virtual learning environment based on a selection of didactic strategies that promote active learning and the ICT tools available on the Moodle educational platform. The analysis and reflection of the didactic strategies focused on the students led to the choice of the so-called: case studies and project work, mediated through tools: homework, forum and questionnaire. Research based on development through adaptations of its phases is used as a guide for the development of the proposal. In addition, those ICT tools were associated to implement these student-centered strategies. The proposal innovates in the way of proposing significant learning aimed at the training of software analysts-programmers who must propose computer solutions to real-world problems., El artículo propone la construcción de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje basado en una selección de estrategias didácticas que propician el aprendizaje activo y de las herramientas TIC disponibles en la plataforma educativa Moodle. El análisis y reflexión de las estrategias didácticas centradas en los estudiantes inclinó en la elección de las denominadas: estudio de casos y trabajo por proyectos, mediatizadas a través de herramientas: tarea, foro y cuestionario. Se utiliza como guía para el desarrollo de la propuesta, la investigación basada en el desarrollo a través de adaptaciones de sus fases. Además, se asociaron aquellas herramientas TIC para implementar estas estrategias centradas en el estudiante. La propuesta innova en el modo de proponer aprendizajes significativos orientados a la formación de analistas-programadores de software quienes deben proponer soluciones informáticas ante problemas del mundo real.

The article proposes the construction of a virtual learning environment based on a selection of didactic strategies that promote active learning and the ICT tools available on the Moodle educational platform. The analysis and reflection of the didactic strategies focused on the students led to the choice of the so-called: case studies and project work, mediated through tools: homework, forum and questionnaire. Research based on development through adaptations of its phases is used as a guide for the development of the proposal. In addition, those ICT tools were associated to implement these student-centered strategies. The proposal innovates in the way of proposing significant learning aimed at the training of software analysts-programmers who must propose computer solutions to real-world problems., El artículo propone la construcción de un entorno virtual de aprendizaje basado en una selección de estrategias didácticas que propician el aprendizaje activo y de las herramientas TIC disponibles en la plataforma educativa Moodle. El análisis y reflexión de las estrategias didácticas centradas en los estudiantes inclinó en la elección de las denominadas: estudio de casos y trabajo por proyectos, mediatizadas a través de herramientas: tarea, foro y cuestionario. Se utiliza como guía para el desarrollo de la propuesta, la investigación basada en el desarrollo a través de adaptaciones de sus fases. Además, se asociaron aquellas herramientas TIC para implementar estas estrategias centradas en el estudiante. La propuesta innova en el modo de proponer aprendizajes significativos orientados a la formación de analistas-programadores de software quienes deben proponer soluciones informáticas ante problemas del mundo real.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined moderate-to-heavy intensity (M&HI) infections with soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the two hookworms, Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) based on specific values of eggs per gram of stool, as measured by the Kato-Katz method. There are a variety of novel microscopy and DNA-based methods but it remains unclear whether applying current WHO thresholds on to these methods allows for a reliable classification of M&HI infections. We evaluated both WHO and method-specific thresholds for classifying the M&HI infections for novel microscopic (FECPAKG2, McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC) and DNA-based (qPCR) diagnostic methods. For this, we determined method-specific thresholds that best classified M&HI infections (defined by Kato-Katz and WHO thresholds; reference method) in two multi-country drug efficacy studies. Subsequently, we verified whether applying these method-specific thresholds improved the agreement in classifying M&HI infections compared to the reference method. When we applied the WHO thresholds, the new microscopic methods mainly misclassified M&HI as low intensity, and to a lesser extent low intensity infection as M&HI. For FECPAKG2, applying the method-specific thresholds significantly improved the agreement for Ascaris (moderate → substantial), Trichuris and hookworms (fair → moderate). For Mini-FLOTAC, a significantly improved agreement was observed for hookworms only (fair → moderate). For the other STHs, the agreement was almost perfect and remained unchanged. For McMaster, the method-specific thresholds revealed a fair to a substantial agreement but did not significantly improve the agreement. For qPCR, the method-specific thresholds based on genome equivalents per ml of DNA moderately agreed with the reference method for hookworm and Trichuris infections. For Ascaris, there was a substantial agreement. We defined method-specific thresholds that improved the cla

Genome-wide analysis methods, such as array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), have greatly advanced the identification of structural variants (SVs) in the human genome. However, even with standard high-throughput sequencing techniques, complex rearrangements with multiple breakpoints are often difficult to resolve, and predicting their effects on gene expression and phenotype remains a challenge. Here, we address these problems by using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) generated from cultured cells of nine individuals with developmental disorders (DDs). Three individuals had previously been identified as harboring duplications at the SOX9 locus and six had been identified with translocations. Hi-C resolved the positions of the duplications and was instructive in interpreting their distinct pathogenic effects, including the formation of new topologically associating domains (neo-TADs). Hi-C was very sensitive in detecting translocations, and it revealed previously unrecognized complex rearrangements at the breakpoints. In several cases, we observed the formation of fused-TADs promoting ectopic enhancer-promoter interactions that were likely to be involved in the disease pathology. In summary, we show that Hi-C is a sensible method for the detection of complex SVs in a clinical setting. The results help interpret the possible pathogenic effects of the SVs in individuals with DDs.

Autonomous agents are seen as a prominent technology to be applied in industrial scenarios. Classical automation solutions are struggling with challenges related to high dynamism, prompt actuation, heterogeneous entities, including humans, and decentralised decision-making. Besides promoting concepts, languages, and tools to face such challenges, agents must also provide high reliability. To assess how appropriate and mature are agents for industrial applications, we have investigated its application in two scenarios of the gas and oil industry. This paper presents the development of systems and the initial results highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the agents approach when compared with the existing automation solutions., Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted to present on 14th Workshop-School on Agents, Environments, and Applications (WESAAC 2020)

This work will study the understanding of what was feminine in the city of Rio Grande (RS) from 1920 until 1968 and the way that phenomenon presented itself on the experiences of the Rheingantz Factory’s workers. The urbanization, industrialization and female factory labor modified the family arrangements established until this period, allowing a rupture and the crisis in the constituted order. The presence of a feminine symbology in the Rheingantz Factory is analyzed, considering its constitution and modifications from the end of the 19th century through the beginnings of the 20th. That symbology valued the nuclear family, closed in on itself, through social politics which encouraged marriage and a morality code that should be followed by the residents of the Factory’s company town. The fines and punishments to the workers’ bodies were means to mold their behavior, seeking bigger profits. The oral interviews and fine books from the Factory’s administration allow us to understand that that process didn’t happen without conflict. The women resisted the elimination of behaviors seen as undesirable by the Rheingantz Factory’s owners, Examinaremos os deslocamentos sobre a construção de feminilidade entre os anos de 1920 e 1968 e como esse fenômeno se apresentou nas vivências das(os) operárias(os) da Fábrica Rheingantz, localizada na cidade de Rio Grande (RS). A urbanização, a industrialização e o trabalho feminino fabril modificaram os arranjos familiares preestabelecidos anteriormente, abrindo brechas para uma ruptura e uma crise na ordem constituída. Na Fábrica Rheingantz, analisa-se a presença da simbologia do feminino que foi traçada e modificada em fins do século XIX e início do século XX. Nesse sentido, observa-se a valorização da constituição da família nuclear, fechada em si, a partir de políticas sociais de incentivo ao casamento e do código de moralidade que os residentes da vila operária Rheingantz deveriam seguir. As multas e punições aos corpos do operariado constituíam-se em formas de moldar os comportamentos da mão de obra da empresa Rheingantz, visando a maior extração de lucro. As entrevistas orais e os cadernos de multas do setor administrativo da Fábrica nos possibilitam compreender que esse processo não aconteceu sem conflitos. As mulheres resistiram à eliminação de comportamentos vistos como indesejados pelos proprietários da Fábrica Rheingantz.

This work will study the understanding of what was feminine in the city of Rio Grande (RS) from 1920 until 1968 and the way that phenomenon presented itself on the experiences of the Rheingantz Factory’s workers. The urbanization, industrialization and female factory labor modified the family arrangements established until this period, allowing a rupture and the crisis in the constituted order. The presence of a feminine symbology in the Rheingantz Factory is analyzed, considering its constitution and modifications from the end of the 19th century through the beginnings of the 20th. That symbology valued the nuclear family, closed in on itself, through social politics which encouraged marriage and a morality code that should be followed by the residents of the Factory’s company town. The fines and punishments to the workers’ bodies were means to mold their behavior, seeking bigger profits. The oral interviews and fine books from the Factory’s administration allow us to understand that that process didn’t happen without conflict. The women resisted the elimination of behaviors seen as undesirable by the Rheingantz Factory’s owners, Examinaremos os deslocamentos sobre a construção de feminilidade entre os anos de 1920 e 1968 e como esse fenômeno se apresentou nas vivências das(os) operárias(os) da Fábrica Rheingantz, localizada na cidade de Rio Grande (RS). A urbanização, a industrialização e o trabalho feminino fabril modificaram os arranjos familiares preestabelecidos anteriormente, abrindo brechas para uma ruptura e uma crise na ordem constituída. Na Fábrica Rheingantz, analisa-se a presença da simbologia do feminino que foi traçada e modificada em fins do século XIX e início do século XX. Nesse sentido, observa-se a valorização da constituição da família nuclear, fechada em si, a partir de políticas sociais de incentivo ao casamento e do código de moralidade que os residentes da vila operária Rheingantz deveriam seguir. As multas e punições aos corpos do operariado constituíam-se em formas de moldar os comportamentos da mão de obra da empresa Rheingantz, visando a maior extração de lucro. As entrevistas orais e os cadernos de multas do setor administrativo da Fábrica nos possibilitam compreender que esse processo não aconteceu sem conflitos. As mulheres resistiram à eliminação de comportamentos vistos como indesejados pelos proprietários da Fábrica Rheingantz.

Phosphorus (P) is one of the nutrients that most limits agricultural productivity, especially in tropical soils. Enriched biochar has been proposed to increase the bioavailability of P and other nutrients in the soil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the availability of P in phosphate biochar (composed of biomass and soil) as a function of the triple superphosphate mixture before and after the pyrolysis process. We produced eight types of enriched biochar via pyrolysis by combining sandy or clayey soil with rice or coffee husk, and by adding triple superphosphate before or after pyrolysis. The heating of the phosphate fertilizer during the pyrolysis process resulted in a higher crystallinity of the phosphates, lower content of labile fractions of P and lower content of available P in phosphate biochars than when the superphosphate was added after pyrolysis., O fósforo (P) é um dos nutrientes que mais limita a produtividade agrícola, principalmente em solos tropicais. Biocarvão enriquecido tem sido proposto com o intuito de incrementar a biodisponibilidade de P e de outros nutrientes no solo. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a disponibilidade do fósforo em biocarvão fosfatado (composto de biomassa e solo) em função da mistura de superfosfato triplo antes e após o processo de pirólise. Produzimos oito tipos de biocarvão enriquecido via pirólise, combinando solo arenoso ou argiloso com casca de arroz ou de café, e adicionando superfosfato triplo antes ou depois da pirólise. O aquecimento do fertilizante fosfatado durante o processo de pirólise resultou em maior cristalinidade dos fosfatos, menor teor de frações lábeis de P e menor teor de P disponível nos biocarvões fosfatados do que quando o superfosfato foi adicionado após a pirólise.

Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN “speed gene,” only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management. Genome-wide data from 278 ancient equids provide insights into how ancient equestrian civilizations managed, exchanged, and bred horses and indicate vast loss of genetic diversity as well as the existence of two extinct lineages of horses that failed to contribute to modern domestic animals.

This article aims to discuss the teaching of Statistics based on the thematic unit probability and statistics, from the promulgation of the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC), in the early years of elementary school. Through a methodology of bibliographic character, based on the contribution of the authors: BORBA (2019), CAMPOS (2011), GAL (2002), GUIMARÃES (2013); LOPES (2008), among others. In order to understand how the pedagogical teachers' work with Statistics is being developed after the changes proposed by the curriculum document, this research aims to reflect on the changes related to the theme and its impact on the implementation of the probability and statistics unit in the early years of the year. Elementary School. From the readings, it was evidenced the need to emphasize the continued formation of teachers in Mathematics, approaches, directed methodologies and clear instructions, which contribute directly to the process of teaching and learning concepts related to Probability and Statistics for students of the early years of basic education., O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre o ensino de Estatística com base na unidade temática Probabilidade e Estatística, a partir da promulgação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), nos anos inicias do Ensino Fundamental, por meio de uma metodologia de caráter bibliográfico, fundamentada nos autores: Borba (2019), Campos (2011), Gal 2002); Guimarães (2013), Lopes (2008), entre outros. Com o intuito de analisar como está sendo desenvolvido o trabalho com Estatística, pelos professores pedagogos, após as mudanças proposta pelo documento curricular, a presente pesquisa visa refletir sobre as mudanças relacionadas à temática e seus aspectos impactantes sobre a implementação da unidade Probabilidade e Estatística, nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A partir das leituras, evidenciou-se a necessidade de se enfatizar, na formação continuada de professores em Matemática, abordagens, metodologias direcionadas e instruções mais claras, que contribuam diretamente na construção processual de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos referentes à Probabilidade e Estatísticas para os alunos dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica.

This article aims to discuss the teaching of Statistics based on the thematic unit probability and statistics, from the promulgation of the Common National Curriculum Base (BNCC), in the early years of elementary school. Through a methodology of bibliographic character, based on the contribution of the authors: BORBA (2019), CAMPOS (2011), GAL (2002), GUIMARÃES (2013); LOPES (2008), among others. In order to understand how the pedagogical teachers' work with Statistics is being developed after the changes proposed by the curriculum document, this research aims to reflect on the changes related to the theme and its impact on the implementation of the probability and statistics unit in the early years of the year. Elementary School. From the readings, it was evidenced the need to emphasize the continued formation of teachers in Mathematics, approaches, directed methodologies and clear instructions, which contribute directly to the process of teaching and learning concepts related to Probability and Statistics for students of the early years of basic education., O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre o ensino de Estatística com base na unidade temática Probabilidade e Estatística, a partir da promulgação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), nos anos inicias do Ensino Fundamental, por meio de uma metodologia de caráter bibliográfico, fundamentada nos autores: Borba (2019), Campos (2011), Gal 2002); Guimarães (2013), Lopes (2008), entre outros. Com o intuito de analisar como está sendo desenvolvido o trabalho com Estatística, pelos professores pedagogos, após as mudanças proposta pelo documento curricular, a presente pesquisa visa refletir sobre as mudanças relacionadas à temática e seus aspectos impactantes sobre a implementação da unidade Probabilidade e Estatística, nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A partir das leituras, evidenciou-se a necessidade de se enfatizar, na formação continuada de professores em Matemática, abordagens, metodologias direcionadas e instruções mais claras, que contribuam diretamente na construção processual de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos referentes à Probabilidade e Estatísticas para os alunos dos anos iniciais da Educação Básica.

Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN “speed gene,” only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management.

Horse domestication revolutionized warfare and accelerated travel, trade, and the geographic expansion of languages. Here, we present the largest DNA time series for a non-human organism to date, including genome-scale data from 149 ancient animals and 129 ancient genomes (≥1-fold coverage), 87 of which are new. This extensive dataset allows us to assess the modern legacy of past equestrian civilizations. We find that two extinct horse lineages existed during early domestication, one at the far western (Iberia) and the other at the far eastern range (Siberia) of Eurasia. None of these contributed significantly to modern diversity. We show that the influence of Persian-related horse lineages increased following the Islamic conquests in Europe and Asia. Multiple alleles associated with elite-racing, including at the MSTN “speed gene,” only rose in popularity within the last millennium. Finally, the development of modern breeding impacted genetic diversity more dramatically than the previous millennia of human management. Genome-wide data from 278 ancient equids provide insights into how ancient equestrian civilizations managed, exchanged, and bred horses and indicate vast loss of genetic diversity as well as the existence of two extinct lineages of horses that failed to contribute to modern domestic animals.

In Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) there are two main models of interaction: among agents, and between agents and the environment. Although there are studies considering these models, there is no practical tool to afford the interaction with external entities with both models. This paper presents a proposal for such a tool based on the Apache Camel framework by designing two new components, namely camel-jason and camel-artifact. By means of these components, an external entity is modelled according to its nature, i.e., whether it is autonomous or non-autonomous, interacting with the MAS respectively as an agent or an artifact. It models coherently external entities whereas Camel provides interoperability with several communication protocols., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma formação inicial proposta aos alunos do sétimo período do curso de Licenciaturaem Ciências Biológicasdo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia – IFRO – Campus Colorado do Oeste. A atividade formativa foi desenvolvida durante a IX Semana Ambiental, evento que ocorreu no Campus, em junho de 2016. No decorrer da atividade, os acadêmicos do curso de Ciências Biológicas realizaram minicursos nos quais abordaram a temática da sexualidade humana para quatro turmas do primeiro ano do curso Técnicoem Agropecuária Integradoao Ensino Médio. Concluídas as atividades de Educação Sexual que trataram de temas como: iniciação sexual precoce, ISTs (Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis), homofobia, assédio sexual, exposição à mídia, diferença de gênero, métodos contraceptivos, entre outros, procedeu-se à coleta de dados. Para isso, os ministrantes responderam a um questionário a respeito da formação docente quanto à temática da sexualidade e as contribuições dessa prática para discutir situações relacionadas ao assunto. Após realizadas as análises, constatou-se a relevância da temática proposta para a formação inicial dos acadêmicos a fim de que possam abordar de forma significativa o tema em questão, aos adolescentes que frequentam as escolas nas quais esses acadêmicos poderão vir a desenvolver suas atividades docentes. Verificou-se que os alunos do curso Técnicoem Agropecuária Integradoao Ensino Médio, com os quais foi desenvolvido o minicurso, apresentam um índice bastante restrito de informações acerca da temática abordada e muitas são as dúvidas e inquietações que esses adolescentes têm. Essa pode ser uma realidade que atinja muitos jovens que frequentam a Educação Básica em muitas escolas brasileiras. Por outro lado, as informações obtidas oportunizaram aos acadêmicos e docentes do curso de Licenciaturaem Ciências Biológicasmomentos de reflexão acerca da inclusão de conteúdos que contemplem essa temática, nos c, Este artículo presenta los resultados de una formación inicial propuesta a los alumnos del séptimo período del curso de Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Federal de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología de Rondônia - IFRO - Campus Colorado del Oeste. La actividad formativa fue desarrollada durantela IX SemanaAmbiental, evento que ocurrió en el Campus, en junio de 2016. En el curso de la actividad, los académicos del curso de Ciencias Biológicas realizaron cursos de corta duración que abordaron la temática de la sexualidad humana para cuatro grupos del primer año del curso Técnico en Agropecuaria Integrado ala Enseñanza Media.Concluidas las actividades de Educación Sexual que trataron temas como iniciación sexual precoz, IST (Infecciones Sexualmente Transmisibles), homofobia, acoso sexual, exposición a los medios, diferencia de género, métodos anticonceptivos, entre otros, se procedió a la recolección de datos. Para ello, los ministrantes respondieron a un cuestionario que con respecto a la formación docente en cuanto a la temática de la sexualidad las contribuciones de esa práctica para discutir situaciones relacionadas al asunto. Después de realizar los análisis, se constató la relevancia de la temática propuesta para la formación inicial de los académicos a fin de que puedan, abordar de forma significativa, el tema en cuestión, a los adolescentes que frecuentan las escuelas en las que estos académicos podrán desarrollar sus propias Actividades docentes. Se verificó que los alumnos del curso Técnico en Agropecuaria Integrado ala Enseñanza Media, con los que se desarrolló el curso de corta duración, presentan un índice bastante restringido de informaciones acerca de la temática abordada y muchas son las dudas e inquietudes que esos adolescentes tienen. Esta puede ser una realidad que llegue a muchos jóvenes que frecuentanla Educación Básicaen muchas escuelas brasileñas. Por otro lado, las informaciones obtenidas dan a los académicos y docentes del curso de, This article gives evidence of results in an initial training offered to the students from the seventh semestre in Biological Sciences course at the Federal Institute in Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia - IFRO - CampusColoradodo Oeste. This activity was developed during the IX Environmental Week, an event that took place at Campus in June, 2016. During the activity, the academics in Biological Sciences course carried out mini-courses in which was approached the subject of human sexuality for four classes from the first year students in Agricultural Technical Course integrated to High School. After completing the activities of Sexual Education that dealt with some topics such as: early sexual initiation, STIs (sexually transmitted infections), homophobia, sexual harassment, media exposure, gender difference, contraceptive methods, among others and after all the data were collected. For that, the students answered a questionnaire about the subject on sexuality, the contributions of this practice is in order to discuss situations related to the subject. After the analysis, was checked a great relevance of the theme proposed for the initial qualification of academics in order to them approach the subject in a significant way to teenagers who attend the schools in which these academics will be able to develop their activities. It was checked out that students from the Agricultural Course integrated to High School who was developing the course have a very restricted index of information about the subject that was handled it. This can be a reality that reaches many young people who attend the Basic Education in many Brazilian schools. On the other hand, the information obtained gave the academics and teachers from the Biological Sciences Course moments of reflection about the inclusion of contents that contemplate this subject in the school curriculum of Basic Education and of the higher course that they attend, as well as the need of a discussion about a form

Sleep-wake cycle is probably the most truthful signature of life. These unavoidable interchangeable states are together the matrix for all that occurs in physiology, and its rhythms are regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes involving different neuronal structures and distinct neural substrates. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep-wake cycle becomes of relevance as several neuropeptide-producing neurons involved in sleep and wakefulness regulation are located there. In this chapter, we provide a review of the hypothalamic regulation of sleep-wake cycle, focusing on the hypocretin system and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-producing neurons located in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA).

Our aim was to investigate the diagnostic value of unenhanced MDCT in anemic patients. Fifty consecutive patients with proven anemia and 50 nonanemic matched group for age, sex and body mass index were evaluated. In either group, hemoglobin levels were assessed no more than 24h from an unenhanced CT of the thorax. For each patient, the presence of a hyperattenuating aortic wall (aortic ring sign) and/or dense interventricular septum (subjective parameters) were identified by two radiologists who were blinded to the laboratory findings. Furthermore, the aortic CT attenuation values (objective parameter) were also obtained and correlated with the hemoglobin levels. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting anemia were calculated for each variable, and ROC analysis was generated for subjective and objective parameters. Subjective image analysis revealed that the aortic ring sign was more sensitive than the interventricular septum sign for anemia detection (84% vs. 72%), whereas this latter sign was more specific (100% vs. 92%). A good correlation (r = 0.60) was observed between the aortic CT attenuation values and the hemoglobin levels in the whole study population. Using a threshold of ≤35HU for anemia diagnosis, the sensitivity and specificity of aortic CT attenuation value were 84% and 94%, respectively, with the largest area under the curve (0.89) among all diagnostic criteria. However, the best trade-off between sensitivity (80%) and specificity (100%) was obtained from combining both subjective and objective analysis. Interpreting anemia upon unnenhanced MDCT of the thorax is quite feasible. A diagnostic approach that considers both subjective and objective analysis offers the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity

Objective: To compare three spin-echo sequences, transverse T1-weighted (T1WI), transverse fat-saturated (FS) T2-weighted (T2WI), and transverse gadolinium-enhanced (Gd) FS T1WI, for the visualisation of normal and abnormal finger A2 pulley with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 3 tesla (T). Materials and methods: Sixty-three fingers from 21 patients were consecutively investigated. Two musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively compared all sequences to assess the visibility of normal and abnormal A2 pulleys and the presence of motion or ghost artefacts. Results: Normal and abnormal A2 pulleys were visible in 94% (59/63) and 95% (60/63) on T1WI sequences, in 63% (40/63) and 60% (38/63) on FS T2WI sequences, and in 87% (55/63) and 73% (46/63) on Gd FS T1WI sequences when read by the first and second observer, respectively. Motion and ghost artefacts were higher on FS T2WI sequences. Seven among eight abnormal A2 pulleys were detected, and were best depicted with Gd FS T1WI sequences in 71% (5/7) and 86% (6/7) by the first and the second observer, respectively. Conclusion: In 3-T MRI, the comparison between transverse T1WI, FS T2WI, and Gd FS T1WI sequences shows that transverse T1WI allows excellent depiction of the A2 pulley, that FS T2WI suffers from a higher rate of motion and ghost artefacts, and transverse Gd FS T1WI is the best sequence for the depiction of abnormal A2 pulley

The MEDWAVES (MEDiterranean out flow WAter and Vulnerable EcosystemS) cruise targeted areas under the potential influence of the MOW within the Mediterranean and Atlantic realms. These include seamounts where Cold-water corals (CWCs) have been reported but that are still poorly known, and which may act as essential “stepping stones” connecting fauna of seamounts in the Mediterranean with those of the continental shelf of Portugal, the Azores and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. During MEDWAVES sampling has been conducted in two of the case studies of ATLAS: Case study 7 (Gulf of Cádiz-Strait of Gibraltar-Alboran Sea) and Case study 8 (Azores). The initially targeted areas in the Atlantic were: the Gazul Mud volcano, in the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) area, included in the case study 7, and the Atlantic seamounts Ormonde (Portuguese shelf) and Formigas (by Azores), both part of the case study 8. In the Mediterranean the targeted areas were The Guadiaro submarine canyon and the Seco de los Olivos (also known as Chella Bank) seamount. Unfortunately it was not possible to sample in Guadiaro due to time constraints originated by adverse meteorological conditions which obligate us to reduce the time at sea focusing only in 4 of the 5 initially planned areas. MEDWAVES was structured in two legs; the first leg took place from the 21st September (departure from Cádiz harbour in Spain) to the 13th October 2016 (arrival in Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal took place the 8th of October due to the meteorological conditions that obligated to conclude the first leg earlier as planned). during the Leg 1 sampling was carried out in Gazul, Ormonde and Formigas. The second leg started the 14th October (departure from Ponta Delgada) and finished the 26th October (arrival in Málaga harbour, Spain). MEDWAVES had a total of 30 effective sampling days, being 6 days not operative due to the adverse meteorological conditions experienced during the first leg which forced us to stay in Ponta Delgada

A torta de algodão é um coproduto obtido após a extração do oléo do caroço de algodão, e devido às suas características bromatológicas apresenta potencial de uso na alimentação de ruminantes, podendo aumentar a economicidade dos sistemas de produção animal. O objetivo com este estudo foi avaliar dietas com torta de algodão em substituição ao farelo de soja sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, a síntese de proteína microbiana e o comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros. Foram utilizados quarenta cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês x Dorper não castrados, com peso médio inicial de 20,9±2,5 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e dez repetições, alimentados com dietas contendo torta de algodão em substituição à 0, 33, 66 e 100% do farelo de soja. As dietas foram compostas de milho, farelo de soja, torta de algodão e feno, com razão volumoso:concentrado de 50:50, isonitrogenadas, com aproximadamente14% de proteína bruta. Os animais foram confinados em baias individuais com piso ripado, as avaliações do comportamento ingestivo, que incluíram observações dos tempos de alimentação, ruminação e ócio foram realizadas em um período de 24 horas, em intervalos de 5 minutos. No 97º dia do período experimental, foram coletadas amostras de urina de todos os animais para quantificar as concentrações de nitrogênio, creatinina, alantoína, ácido úrico, xantina e hipoxantina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão, adotando-se ? = 0,05. Não houve diferença significativa entre tratamentos sobre o balanço de nitrogênio, a síntese de compostos de nitrogenados, e a eficiência de síntese microbiana. Além disso, não se observou efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de algodão sobre o comportamento ingestivo dos animais. A torta de algodão pode substituir em até 100% o farelo de soja em dietas para cordeiros., The cottonseed cake is a co-product obtained after extraction of oil cottonseed, and because of their bromatological characteristics has potential use in ruminant feed, can increase the economy efficiency of animal production systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate diets with cottonseed cake in substitution of soybean meal through nitrogen balance, microbial protein synthesis and the ingestive behavior of lambs. Forty crossbred Santa Inês × Dorper non-castrated rams with average initial weight of 20.9 ± 2.5 kg were distributed into a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replicates, and fed diets containing cottonseed cake in substitution of 0, 33, 66 and 100% of soybean meal. The diets were composed of corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and hay, with forage:concentrate reason of 50:50, isonitrogenous, with 14% crude protein. The animals were confined individually in pens with slatted floor, the evaluations of ingestive behavior, which included observations of the feeding, rumination and idle times were performed in a period of 24 hours, in 5-minute intervals. At 97 days of experiment, a spot urine sample was collected from all animals to quantify the concentrations of nitrogen, creatinine, allantoin, uric acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine in the urine. The data were subjected to variance analysis and regression, adopting ?= 0.05. There was no significant difference between treatments for nitrogen balance, the synthesis of nitrogen compounds, and microbial efficiency. In addition, there was no effect of replacing soybean meal by cottonseed meal on feeding behavior of animals. Cottonseed cake can replace soybean meal up to 100% in diets for lambs.

This working paper aims to identify key research questions around the successes and failures of urban governance structures in delivering essential services to populations following large migration movements.It does so through a review of the existing literature on the subject. It then unpacks how conflict-induced migration has affected Jordan's urban infrastructure and systems for the provision of basic services.In conclusion, we call for a research agenda that can help utilities, governments, non-governmental organisations and other service providers to better understand and overcome the challenges of sanitation provision in urban contexts 'under stress', without reinforcing existing inequalities or creating new ones, and to progress towards realising the Sustainable Development Goals' aspirations for 'universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation' by 2030.

This working paper aims to identify key research questions around the successes and failures of urban governance structures in delivering essential services to populations following large migration movements.It does so through a review of the existing literature on the subject. It then unpacks how conflict-induced migration has affected Jordan's urban infrastructure and systems for the provision of basic services.In conclusion, we call for a research agenda that can help utilities, governments, non-governmental organisations and other service providers to better understand and overcome the challenges of sanitation provision in urban contexts 'under stress', without reinforcing existing inequalities or creating new ones, and to progress towards realising the Sustainable Development Goals' aspirations for 'universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation' by 2030.

This working paper aims to identify key research questions around the successes and failures of urban governance structures in delivering essential services to populations following large migration movements.It does so through a review of the existing literature on the subject. It then unpacks how conflict-induced migration has affected Jordan's urban infrastructure and systems for the provision of basic services.In conclusion, we call for a research agenda that can help utilities, governments, non-governmental organisations and other service providers to better understand and overcome the challenges of sanitation provision in urban contexts 'under stress', without reinforcing existing inequalities or creating new ones, and to progress towards realising the Sustainable Development Goals' aspirations for 'universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation' by 2030.

This working paper aims to identify key research questions around the successes and failures of urban governance structures in delivering essential services to populations following large migration movements.It does so through a review of the existing literature on the subject. It then unpacks how conflict-induced migration has affected Jordan's urban infrastructure and systems for the provision of basic services.In conclusion, we call for a research agenda that can help utilities, governments, non-governmental organisations and other service providers to better understand and overcome the challenges of sanitation provision in urban contexts 'under stress', without reinforcing existing inequalities or creating new ones, and to progress towards realising the Sustainable Development Goals' aspirations for 'universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation' by 2030.

This working paper aims to identify key research questions around the successes and failures of urban governance structures in delivering essential services to populations following large migration movements.It does so through a review of the existing literature on the subject. It then unpacks how conflict-induced migration has affected Jordan's urban infrastructure and systems for the provision of basic services.In conclusion, we call for a research agenda that can help utilities, governments, non-governmental organisations and other service providers to better understand and overcome the challenges of sanitation provision in urban contexts 'under stress', without reinforcing existing inequalities or creating new ones, and to progress towards realising the Sustainable Development Goals' aspirations for 'universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation' by 2030.

This working paper aims to identify key research questions around the successes and failures of urban governance structures in delivering essential services to populations following large migration movements.It does so through a review of the existing literature on the subject. It then unpacks how conflict-induced migration has affected Jordan's urban infrastructure and systems for the provision of basic services.In conclusion, we call for a research agenda that can help utilities, governments, non-governmental organisations and other service providers to better understand and overcome the challenges of sanitation provision in urban contexts 'under stress', without reinforcing existing inequalities or creating new ones, and to progress towards realising the Sustainable Development Goals' aspirations for 'universal access to adequate and equitable sanitation' by 2030.

We experimentally perform the simulation of open quantum dynamics in single-qudit systems. Using a spatial light modulator as a dissipative optical device, we implement dissipative-dynamical maps onto qudits encoded in the transverse momentum of spontaneous parametric down-converted photon pairs. We show a well-controlled technique to prepare entangled qudits states as well as to implement dissipative local measurements; the latter realize two specific dynamics: dephasing and amplitude damping. Our work represents a new analogy-dynamical experiment for simulating an open quantum system.

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever a proposta de trabalho com o texto literário do gênero “conto” desenvolvida por bolsistas do programa PIBID – Inglês, em contexto de escola pública com alunos de ensino médio. A proposta foi elaborada no formato de oficina[1] e contou com a participação de alunos e da professora supervisora da escola, os quais fizeram uso da ferramenta Facebook®como meio de interação. A proposta se pautou primordialmente nos pressupostos do letramento crítico (JORDÃO, 2007), na noção de pós-método (KUMARAVADIVELU, 2001; 2006), e na compreensão de inglês como língua internacional (MCKAY, 2003; SHARIFIAN, 2009). Contou, ainda, com pressupostos fornecidos por diferentes estudiosos acerca da utilidade do uso do texto literário como ferramenta pedagógica e cultural na aula de Língua Inglesa. Observou-se que uma das grandes contribuições da oficina foi colocar a teoria em prática ao lidar com os desafios da articulação entre literatura e tecnologia, e com a desconstrução da ideia de que literatura e língua inglesa são difíceis e inacessíveis.[1] Salientamos que a proposta foi elaborada pelos bolsistas em 2013. A professora Janice Inês Nodari, coordenadora do projeto durante o ano de 2014, participa como co-autora deste texto.

In the most recent conception for the university, teaching, research and extension need to be linked, according to the National Plan for University Extension. However, the extension must not be understood only as an assistance activity. The goal of this article is to show the importance of extension activities – their function besides the research and university teaching – to promote the formation of critical citizens. From a bibliographic research about the issue, it was possible to reflect on the conditions and consequences of this interweaving of the three pillars of the university. In the extension, the relationship between professor and student becomes closer, because they admit themselves as partners in the process of knowledge generation. In this new conception of teaching, the truth is put to the test, considering the continuous construction and deconstruction of individual and collective knowledge., Na visão mais contemporânea de universidade, ensino, pesquisa e extensão precisam estar interligados, conforme o Plano Nacional de Extensão Universitária. No entanto, a extensão não deve ser entendida apenas como atividade assistencialista. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a importância das atividades extensionistas – o seu papel junto ao ensino e à pesquisa – para promover a formação de cidadãos críticos. Ao fazer uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pôde-se debruçar sobre os textos e refletir sobre as condições e consequências desse entrelaçamento dos três pilares da universidade. Na extensão, a relação entre professor e aluno passa a ser mais próxima, pois ambos se assumem como parceiros no processo de geração do conhecimento. Nessa nova concepção de ensino, a verdade dos fatos é posta à prova, considerando a contínua construção e desconstrução de saberes individuais e coletivos.

In highly competitive technology markets, such as the market in which Enterprise Resource Management (ERP) service providers do business, it has become of fundamental importance to understand the factors that create competitive advantages. This paper presents the support from the theoretical frameworks offered by the Resource-based View (RBV) and the Market-based View (MBV) to attempt to explain the competitive advantage held by Totvs Curitiba, a franchise of Totvs, which in turn is a Brazilian company that is a market leader in ERP service provision. In methodological terms, this is a Case Study for which data was collected during interviews and by observation and review of secondary documentary sources. The results suggest that the franchise’s market-leading position was built on a relationship, which is identifiable in the results of this study, between the strategies adopted, resources controlled and competences developed.

The objective was to determine the best level of groundnut cake (Arachis hypogaea) in concentrate supplement for lambs. We used 20 crossbred lambs 1/2 Dorper, with a mean age of 7 months, kept in individual pens. Treatments consisted of substitution levels of soybean meal peanut pie: 0, 33.33, 66.67, and 100 %. The experimental period was 32 days, including 14 days for adaptation and 18 between routine and data collection. During the last 5 days of experimental samples were collected daily offered, orts and feces, twice daily, at 8 and 15 hours. In the 8 th, 9 th and 10 th days of the experimental period, the animals underwent evaluation for visual observation of ingestive behavior in response to diet and physiological responses of animals to the environment. On days 13, 15 and 17, held the measurement of water consumption in response to diet offered. For the consumption of dry matter, crude protein, NDT, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber not significant differences (p>0.05) were observed with the inclusion of groundnut cake. The digestibility of DM, NDF and CNF showed no differences (p>0.05), and water consumption was similar (p>0.05) with the inclusion of groundnut cake instead of soybean meal. The heart rate (FC), rectal temperature (TR) and body temperature (TC) were similar (p>0.05) in the morning and afternoon, except for respiratory rate in the afternoon that showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05). The groundnut cake can totally replace soybean meal in the diet of lambs., Objetivou-se determinar o melhor nível de inclusão de torta de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea), no suplemento concentrado de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros mestiços ½ sangue Dorper, com idade média de 7 meses, mantidos em baias individuais. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim em 0; 33,33; 66,67; e 100 %. O período experimental foi de 32 dias, dos quais 14 dias para adaptação e 18 entre rotina e coleta de dados. Durante os últimos 5 dias experimentais foram coletadas amostras diárias do ofertado, sobras e fezes, duas vezes ao dia, as 8 e 15 horas, as quais foram secas e moídas para as análises bromatológicas. Nos 8 o, 9 o e 10 º dias do período experimental, os animais foram submetidos à observação visual para avaliação do comportamento ingestivo em reposta a dieta e as respostas fisiológicas dos animais ao ambiente. Nos dias 13 o, 15 o e 17 o, realizou-se a medição do consumo de água em resposta a dieta oferecida. Os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, nutrientes digestíveis totais, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, não foram significativos (p>0,05) com a inclusão da torta de amendoim. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não fibrosos não apresentaram diferenças (p>0,05) e o consumo de água foi similar (p>0,05) com a inclusão da torta de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja. A frequência cardíaca , temperatura retal e temperatura corpórea foram semelhantes (p>0,05) no período da manhã e tarde, exceto para a frequência respiratória no período da tarde que apresentou um efeito quadrático (p<0,05). A torta de amendoim pode substituir totalmente o farelo de soja na alimentação de cordeiros.

This study used tensiomyography to examine the changes observed in the response of the biceps femoris muscle of the dominant leg of ten young female gymnasts (Mean age ± SD: 13.2 ± 1.8 years, height: 153.9 ± 6.0 cm, body mass: 42.0 ± 5.3 kg) after performing two different stretching protocols: contract-relax (CR) and static-stretching (SS). Results revealed change of muscle response immediately after warm-up: increased velocity of deformation (V3mm), stiffness, holding time (Ts) and reduced relaxation time (Tr). The changes were most evident in the first three minutes after applying the two stretching protocols, being more evident in CR than in SS. The results suggests that athletes who include stretching in their warm-up will find the post warm-up mechanical response less impaired after the first three minutes and more so when using the techniques based on working with static-stretching, compared to techniques based in contract-relax., Este estudio utiliza tensiomiografía para examinar los cambios observados en la respuesta del músculo biceps femoral, de la pierna dominante, en diez jóvenes gimnastas femeninas (edad: 13,2 ± 1,8 años, altura: 153,9 ± 6,0 cm, masa corporal: 42,0 ± 5,3 kg), cuando realizan dos protocolos diferentes de estiramiento muscular: contract-relax (CR) y static-streching (SS). Los resultados revelan cambios de la respuesta muscular inmediatamente después del calentamiento (incremento de la velocidad de deformación (V3mm), stiffness y tiempo de sostén (Ts) y disminución del tiempo de relajación (Tr). Estas alteraciones son especialmente relevantes en los tres primeros minutos posteriores a la aplicación de los protocolos de estiramiento, siendo más evidentes en CR que en SS. Los resultados sugieren que los atletas que incluyen estiramientos en su calentamiento encontrarán la respuesta mecánica menos afectada una vez transcurridos los primeros tres minutos tras la finalización del calentamiento, y más aún cuando se utilizan técnicas basadas en el trabajo con Estiramiento-estático, en comparación con las técnicas basadas en la Contracción-Relajación.

The objective was to determine the best level of groundnut cake (Arachis hypogaea) in concentrate supplement for lambs. We used 20 crossbred lambs 1/2 Dorper, with a mean age of 7 months, kept in individual pens. Treatments consisted of substitution levels of soybean meal peanut pie: 0, 33.33, 66.67, and 100 %. The experimental period was 32 days, including 14 days for adaptation and 18 between routine and data collection. During the last 5 days of experimental samples were collected daily offered, orts and feces, twice daily, at 8 and 15 hours. In the 8 th, 9 th and 10 th days of the experimental period, the animals underwent evaluation for visual observation of ingestive behavior in response to diet and physiological responses of animals to the environment. On days 13, 15 and 17, held the measurement of water consumption in response to diet offered. For the consumption of dry matter, crude protein, NDT, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber not significant differences (p>0.05) were observed with the inclusion of groundnut cake. The digestibility of DM, NDF and CNF showed no differences (p>0.05), and water consumption was similar (p>0.05) with the inclusion of groundnut cake instead of soybean meal. The heart rate (FC), rectal temperature (TR) and body temperature (TC) were similar (p>0.05) in the morning and afternoon, except for respiratory rate in the afternoon that showed a quadratic effect (p<0.05). The groundnut cake can totally replace soybean meal in the diet of lambs., Objetivou-se determinar o melhor nível de inclusão de torta de amendoim (Arachis hypogaea), no suplemento concentrado de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros mestiços ½ sangue Dorper, com idade média de 7 meses, mantidos em baias individuais. Os tratamentos consistiram em níveis de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de amendoim em 0; 33,33; 66,67; e 100 %. O período experimental foi de 32 dias, dos quais 14 dias para adaptação e 18 entre rotina e coleta de dados. Durante os últimos 5 dias experimentais foram coletadas amostras diárias do ofertado, sobras e fezes, duas vezes ao dia, as 8 e 15 horas, as quais foram secas e moídas para as análises bromatológicas. Nos 8 o, 9 o e 10 º dias do período experimental, os animais foram submetidos à observação visual para avaliação do comportamento ingestivo em reposta a dieta e as respostas fisiológicas dos animais ao ambiente. Nos dias 13 o, 15 o e 17 o, realizou-se a medição do consumo de água em resposta a dieta oferecida. Os consumos de matéria seca, proteína bruta, nutrientes digestíveis totais, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido, não foram significativos (p>0,05) com a inclusão da torta de amendoim. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro e carboidratos não fibrosos não apresentaram diferenças (p>0,05) e o consumo de água foi similar (p>0,05) com a inclusão da torta de amendoim em substituição ao farelo de soja. A frequência cardíaca , temperatura retal e temperatura corpórea foram semelhantes (p>0,05) no período da manhã e tarde, exceto para a frequência respiratória no período da tarde que apresentou um efeito quadrático (p<0,05). A torta de amendoim pode substituir totalmente o farelo de soja na alimentação de cordeiros.

In the most recent conception for the university, teaching, research and extension need to be linked, according to the National Plan for University Extension. However, the extension must not be understood only as an assistance activity. The goal of this article is to show the importance of extension activities – their function besides the research and university teaching – to promote the formation of critical citizens. From a bibliographic research about the issue, it was possible to reflect on the conditions and consequences of this interweaving of the three pillars of the university. In the extension, the relationship between professor and student becomes closer, because they admit themselves as partners in the process of knowledge generation. In this new conception of teaching, the truth is put to the test, considering the continuous construction and deconstruction of individual and collective knowledge., Na visão mais contemporânea de universidade, ensino, pesquisa e extensão precisam estar interligados, conforme o Plano Nacional de Extensão Universitária. No entanto, a extensão não deve ser entendida apenas como atividade assistencialista. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar a importância das atividades extensionistas – o seu papel junto ao ensino e à pesquisa – para promover a formação de cidadãos críticos. Ao fazer uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pôde-se debruçar sobre os textos e refletir sobre as condições e consequências desse entrelaçamento dos três pilares da universidade. Na extensão, a relação entre professor e aluno passa a ser mais próxima, pois ambos se assumem como parceiros no processo de geração do conhecimento. Nessa nova concepção de ensino, a verdade dos fatos é posta à prova, considerando a contínua construção e desconstrução de saberes individuais e coletivos.

In highly competitive technology markets, such as the market in which Enterprise Resource Management (ERP) service providers do business, it has become of fundamental importance to understand the factors that create competitive advantages. This paper presents the support from the theoretical frameworks offered by the Resource-based View (RBV) and the Market-based View (MBV) to attempt to explain the competitive advantage held by Totvs Curitiba, a franchise of Totvs, which in turn is a Brazilian company that is a market leader in ERP service provision. In methodological terms, this is a Case Study for which data was collected during interviews and by observation and review of secondary documentary sources. The results suggest that the franchise’s market-leading position was built on a relationship, which is identifiable in the results of this study, between the strategies adopted, resources controlled and competences developed.

We study in theory and experiment the verification of the Schmidt number of quantum correlated radiation fields. This measure of entanglement counts the number of global superpositions of product states which are needed to describe a compound quantum system. For unraveling a certain value of this measure, a family of entanglement and Schmidt number tests is constructed. The measurement of the whole class of witnesses is realized. By generating a path entangled two-photon state, we demonstrate the feasibility to directly count quantum superpositions., AuthorCount:7

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players.

This article documents the addition of 153 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Brassica oleracea, Brycon amazonicus, Dimorphandra wilsonii, Eupallasella percnurus, Helleborus foetidus, Ipomoea purpurea, Phrynops geoffroanus, Prochilodus argenteus, Pyura sp., Sylvia atricapilla, Teratosphaeria suttonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Trypanosoma brucei. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Dimorphandra coccicinea, Dimorphandra cuprea, Dimorphandra gardneriana, Dimorphandra jorgei, Dimorphandra macrostachya, Dimorphandra mollis, Dimorphandra parviflora and Dimorphandra pennigera.

This article documents the addition of 153 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Brassica oleracea, Brycon amazonicus, Dimorphandra wilsonii, Eupallasella percnurus, Helleborus foetidus, Ipomoea purpurea, Phrynops geoffroanus, Prochilodus argenteus, Pyura sp., Sylvia atricapilla, Teratosphaeria suttonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Trypanosoma brucei. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Dimorphandra coccicinea, Dimorphandra cuprea, Dimorphandra gardneriana, Dimorphandra jorgei, Dimorphandra macrostachya, Dimorphandra mollis, Dimorphandra parviflora and Dimorphandra pennigera.