Search

This terrestrial and underwater archaeological research project around a Mediterranean islet identifies that it was a commercial centre during the fifth century AD. The results shed light on Late Roman island occupation dynamics., Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, TRUE, pub

En este estudio se aborda la combinación de tecnologías para la producción de biometano a partir de purines de cerdo mediante digestión anaerobia y su posterior metanación con hidrógeno verde. El estudio se realiza en el contexto de la necesidad de reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y el aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos en la industria ganadera, específicamente en España, donde se identifica un alto potencial de producción de biometano. El TFG se estructura en la evaluación de parámetros técnicos y económicos esenciales para la viabilidad de la instalación, considerando diferentes escenarios y tecnologías aplicables. Se destaca la importancia de la selección de tecnologías adecuadas para la digestión anaerobia y la metanación, el diseño y dimensionamiento de los sistemas implicados, y el análisis detallado de los costos operativos y de inversión. El estudio apunta a la factibilidad de integrar estas tecnologías en un sistema que no solo reduce el impacto ambiental de los residuos ganaderos, sino que también contribuye a la generación de energía renovable y sostenible.

A medida que la tecnología avanza las exigencias del público van aumentando, por lo que para cumplir con tales expectativas los controles de calidad tienen que refinarse y ser más exhaustivos. La seguridad depende de ellos, razón primordial por la que hacer un seguimiento en la línea de producción y mecanizado de piezas, no solo es una obligación, sino también una forma de fiabilidad del consumidor. Este TFG se centra en el desarrollo de las bases de datos necesarias para la implantación de un sistema digital en los controles de calidad de las líneas de culatas de la Factoría de Motores Renault Valladolid, para garantizar el correcto mecanizado de todas ellas. En el sector industrial, detectar errores a tiempo es crucial para garantizar la calidad del producto, la seguridad y la satisfacción del cliente. No detectarlos puede conllevar costosas retiradas de productos, riesgos para la seguridad y daños a la reputación de la empresa., As technology advances, customer demands are increasing and, therefore, to meet such expectations, quality controls have to be refined and more thorough. Safety depends on them, which is the primary reason why monitoring the production line and machining of parts is not only an obligation but also a way to ensure consumer reliability. This bachelor's thesis focuses on developing the necessary databases for the implementation of a digital system in the quality controls of cylinder head assembly lines at the Renault Valladolid Engine Factory to ensure the proper machining of all parts. In the industrial sector, detecting errors in a timely manner is crucial to ensuring product quality, safety, and customer satisfaction. Failure to detect errors can lead to costly recalls, safety hazards, and damage to a company's reputation, Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

This terrestrial and underwater archaeological research project around a Mediterranean islet identifies that it was a commercial centre during the fifth century AD. The results shed light on Late Roman island occupation dynamics.

The aims of this study were to identify the existent levels of foreign language learning anxiety in students of the sixth grade of Primary Education of different bilingual and non-bilingual schools, and to determine which cognitive emotion regulation strategies these students would use in a hypothetical stressful situation. For this purpose, anxiety in Foreign Language Class and cognitive emotion regulation strategies were measured to the students (n = 262). The descriptive analysis of the obtained results led to the following conclusions: the levels of anxiety were higher in the non-bilingual sample; however, these students made more use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies., Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar los niveles existentes de ansiedad en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en alumnos de sexto curso de Educación Primaria de diferentes colegios bilingües y no bilingües, y determinar qué estrategias cognitivas de regulación de emociones utilizarían estos alumnos en una hipotética situación estresante. Para ello, se midió la ansiedad en clase de Lengua Extranjera y las estrategias cognitivas de regulación de la emoción a los alumnos (n = 262). El análisis descriptivo de los resultados obtenidos permitió llegar a las siguientes conclusiones: los niveles de ansiedad eran más elevados en la muestra no bilingüe; sin embargo, estos alumnos hacían un mayor uso de las estrategias cognitivas de regulación de la emoción.

Progressive hepatic damage and fibrosis are major features of chronic liver diseases of different etiology, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully defined. N-RAS, a member of the RAS family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins also encompassing the highly homologous H-RAS and K-RAS isoforms, was previously reported to modulate cell death and renal fibrosis; however, its role in liver damage and fibrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we approached this question by using N-RAS deficient (N-RAS-/-) mice and two experimental models of liver injury and fibrosis, namely carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and bile duct ligation (BDL). In wild-type (N-RAS+/+) mice both hepatotoxic procedures augmented N-RAS expression in the liver. Compared to N-RAS+/+ counterparts, N-RAS-/- mice subjected to either CCl4 or BDL showed exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis, which was associated with enhanced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and leukocyte infiltration in the damaged liver. At the molecular level, after CCl4 or BDL, N-RAS-/- livers exhibited augmented expression of necroptotic death markers along with JNK1/2 hyperactivation. In line with this, N-RAS ablation in a human hepatocytic cell line resulted in enhanced activation of JNK and necroptosis mediators in response to cell death stimuli. Of note, loss of hepatic N-RAS expression was characteristic of chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis. Collectively, our study unveils a novel role for N-RAS as a negative controller of the progression of liver injury and fibrogenesis, by critically downregulating signaling pathways leading to hepatocyte necroptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that N-RAS may be of potential clinical value as prognostic biomarker of progressive fibrotic liver damage, or as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic liver disease., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Unión Europea, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Methods We performed subtotal (90%) hepatectomies in 10 female MiniPigs using a simplified transection technique with a tourniquet. Blood tests, hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, and hepatic function and histology were assessed before (Bas), 15 min (t-15 min) and 24 h (t-24 h) after the operation. Some pigs underwent computed tomography (CT) scans for hepatic volumetry (n = 4) and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring (n = 3). Postoperative care was performed in an intensive care unit environment. Results All hepatectomies were successfully performed, and hepatic volumetry confirmed liver remnant volumes of 9.2% [6.2–11.2]. The hepatectomy resulted in characteristic hepatic hemodynamic alterations, including portal hyperperfusion, relative decrease of hepatic arterial blood flow, and increased portal pressure (PP) and portal-systemic pressure gradient. The model reproduced major diagnostic features including the development of cholestasis, coagulopathy, encephalopathy with increased ICP, ascites, and renal failure, hyperdynamic circulation, and hyperlactatemia. Two animals (20%) died before t-24 h. Histological liver damage was observed at t-15 min and at t-24 h. The degree of histological damage at t-24 h correlated with intraoperative PP (r = 0.689, p = 0.028), hepatic arterial blood flow (r = 0.655, p = 0.040), and hepatic arterial pulsatility index (r = 0.724, p = 0.066). All animals with intraoperative PP > 20 mmHg presented liver damage at t-24 h. Conclusion The present 90% hepatectomy porcine experimental model is a feasible and reproducible model for investigating the “Small-for-Flow” syndrome., Sociedad Española de Trasplante Hepático (SETH), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Depto. de Farmacología y Toxicología, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Sección Deptal. de Sociología Aplicada (Ciencias de la Información), Fac. de Ciencias de la Información, TRUE, pub

Curcumin is a natural molecule widely tested in preclinical and clinical studies due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Nevertheless, its high hydrophobicity and low bioavailability limit in vivo applications. To overcome curcumin´s drawbacks, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have emerged as potential drug delivery systems due to their non-immunogenicity, nanometric size and amphiphilic composition. This work presents curcumin cargo into milk sEV structure and further in vitro and in vivo evaluation as a therapeutic nanoplatform. The encapsulation of curcumin into sEV was performed by two methodologies under physiological conditions: a passive incorporation and active cargo employing saponin. Loaded sEVs (sEVCurPas and sEVCurAc) were fully characterized by physicochemical techniques, confirming that neither methodology affects the morphology or size of the nanoparticles (sEV: 113.3±5.1 nm, sEVCurPas: 127.0±4.5 nm and sEVCurAc: 98.5±3.6 nm). Through the active approach with saponin (sEVCurAc), a three-fold higher cargo was obtained (433.5 µg/mL) in comparison with the passive approach (129.1 µg/mL). These sEVCurAc were further evaluated in vitro by metabolic activity assay (MTT), confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, showing a higher cytotoxic effect in the tumoral cells RAW264.7 and HepG2 than in primary hepatocytes, specially at high doses of sEVCurAc (4%, 15% and 30% of viability). In vivo evaluation in an experimental model of liver fibrosis confirmed sEVCurAc therapeutic effects, leading to a significant decrease of serum markers of liver damage (ALT) (557 U/L to 338 U/L with sEVCurAc therapy) and a tendency towards decreased liver fibrogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition., Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Individuals exhibiting an intermediate alcohol drinking pattern in conjunction with signs of metabolic risk present clinical features of both alcohol-associated and metabolic-associated fatty liver diseases. However, such combination remains an unexplored area of great interest, given the increasing number of patients affected. In the present study, we aimed to develop a preclinical DUAL (alcohol-associated liver disease plus metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) model in mice. C57BL/6 mice received 10% vol/vol alcohol in sweetened drinking water in combination with a Western diet for 10, 23, and 52 weeks (DUAL model). Animals fed with DUAL diet elicited a significant increase in body mass index accompanied by a pronounced hypertrophy of adipocytes, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia. Significant liver damage was characterized by elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels, extensive hepatomegaly, hepatocyte enlargement, ballooning, steatosis, hepatic cell death, and compensatory proliferation. Notably, DUAL animals developed lobular inflammation and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Sequentially, bridging cirrhotic changes were frequently observed after 12 months. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that dysregulated molecular pathways in DUAL mice were similar to those of patients with steatohepatitis. Conclusion: Our DUAL model is characterized by obesity, glucose intolerance, liver damage, prominent steatohepatitis and fibrosis, as well as inflammation and fibrosis in white adipose tissue. Altogether, the DUAL model mimics all histological, metabolic, and transcriptomic gene signatures of human advanced steatohepatitis, and therefore serves as a preclinical tool for the development of therapeutic targets., Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Progressive hepatic damage and fibrosis are major features of chronic liver diseases of different etiology, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully defined. N-RAS, a member of the RAS family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins also encompassing the highly homologous H-RAS and K-RAS isoforms, was previously reported to modulate cell death and renal fibrosis; however, its role in liver damage and fibrogenesis remains unknown. Here, we approached this question by using N-RAS deficient (N-RAS−/−) mice and two experimental models of liver injury and fibrosis, namely carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and bile duct ligation (BDL). In wild-type (N-RAS+/+) mice both hepatotoxic procedures augmented N-RAS expression in the liver. Compared to N-RAS+/+ counterparts, N-RAS−/− mice subjected to either CCl4 or BDL showed exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis, which was associated with enhanced hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and leukocyte infiltration in the damaged liver. At the molecular level, after CCl4 or BDL, N-RAS−/− livers exhibited augmented expression of necroptotic death markers along with JNK1/2 hyperactivation. In line with this, N-RAS ablation in a human hepatocytic cell line resulted in enhanced activation of JNK and necroptosis mediators in response to cell death stimuli. Of note, loss of hepatic N-RAS expression was characteristic of chronic liver disease patients with fibrosis. Collectively, our study unveils a novel role for N-RAS as a negative controller of the progression of liver injury and fibrogenesis, by critically downregulating signaling pathways leading to hepatocyte necroptosis. Furthermore, it suggests that N-RAS may be of potential clinical value as prognostic biomarker of progressive fibrotic liver damage, or as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic liver disease., Unión Europea, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Background. Portal vein embolization is performed weeks before extended hepatic resections to increase the future liver remnant and prevent posthepatectomy liver failure. Portal vein embolization performed closer to the operation also could be protective, but worsening of portal hyper-perfusion is a major concern. We determined the hepatic hemodynamic effects of a portal vein embolization performed 24 hours prior to hepatic operation. Methods. An extended (90%) hepatectomy was performed in swine undergoing (portal vein embolization) or not undergoing (control) a portal vein embolization 24 hours earlier (n = 10/group). Blood tests, hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, hepatic function (plasma disappearance rate of indocyanine green), liver histology, and volumetry (computed tomographic scanning) were assessed before and after the hepatectomy. Hepatocyte proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and hepatic gene expression also were evaluated. Results. Swine in the control and portal vein embolization groups maintained stable systemic hemodynamics and developed similar increases of portal blood flow (302 ± 72% vs 486 ± 92%, P = .13). Portal pressure drastically increased in Controls (from 9.4 ± 1.3 mm Hg to 20.9 ± 1.4 mm Hg, P < .001), while being markedly attenuated in the portal vein embolization group (from 11.4 ± 1.5 mm Hg to 16.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg, P = .061). The procedure also improved the preservation of the hepatic artery blood flow, liver function, and periportal edema. These effects occurred in the absence of hepatocyte proliferation or hepatic growth and were associated with the induction of the vasoprotective gene Klf2. Conclusion. Portal vein embolization preconditioning represents a potential hepato-protective strategy for extended hepatic resections. Further preclinical studies should assess its medium-term effects, including survival. Our study also supports the relevance of hepatic hemodynamics as the main pathogenetic factor of post-hepatectomy liver fa, Mineco, ISCIII-Fondos FEDER, Sociedad Española de Trasplante Hepático, Depto. de Farmacología y Toxicología, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

Over the past decades, national rates of maternal mortality (MM) and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) have shown a concerning upward trend, prompting a call for concerted efforts at the national, state, and local levels to enhance health outcomes for women and birthing people. SMM encompasses unexpected labor and delivery outcomes and carries lasting implications for birthing people and their families, including extended hospital stays, adverse outcomes for the fetus or infant, and sometimes death. Significant racial and ethnic health inequities exist in maternal health, with Native Americans experiencing disproportionately higher risks of pregnancy complications and SMM compared to their White counterparts. Arizona published a report in 2020 on maternal fatalities and morbidities. The report highlighted stark disparities across various demographic characteristics, including race, with Native Americans experiencing SMM 3.6 times more than Whites despite only representing 6% of the population. Public health interventions that target modifiable risk factors (RFs) can reduce SMM incidents and save lives. The extent to which these RFs contribute to the overall burden of SMM is not well known. Quantifying this burden will help identify priority areas for SMM prevention efforts in the state’s Native American communities. Aim 1 of this project comprehensively synthesizes published literature on individual and community RFs for maternal morbidity and mortality (MMM) among Native Americans in the United States. We systematically searched four databases for articles published between 2012 and 2022 using database-specific controlled vocabulary for MMM and Native American. Fifteen studies were included in the review. Identified RFs include, rural residency, overweight/obese BMI, advanced maternal age, nulliparity, and preexisting medical conditions. Aim 2 assesses the incidence of SMM across racial/ethnic groups in Arizona by conducting a pooled, cross-sectional analysis of 297

The journal Comparative Studies in Society and History (CSSH) dedicated an entire issue to the exemplarity (positive and negative) of fascist leaders, a quality that lives on, variously contested and defended, long after these leaders die. Their dead bodies become bodies politic; their graves become battlefields. Fascist big men, outsized figures in life, remain so in death, and their legacies are very much alive across Europe. Three contributors to CSSH 64/1 tell us more about this vexed dynamic, giving special attention to the afterlives of the Fascist Trinity: Hitler, Mussolini, and Franco

Este texto se basa en una etnografía de veinte años de duración sobre las exhumaciones de fosas comunes de la Guerra Civil (136-1939) en la España contemporánea, y trata sobre el tortuoso, doloroso, y controvertido e incompleto desmantelamiento de una inscripción militarista masiva en España: la relacionada con su última guerra interna y la posterior dictadura (1939-1975). Para entender este proceso y sus raíces históricas, el artículo disecciona primero la formación de un apartheid funerario que se consolida en el país desde el final de la guerra. En segundo lugar, analiza el impacto en el tejido social de las exhumaciones de fosas comunes de civiles republicanos que comenzaron en el año 2000. En tercer lugar, rastrea cómo estas exhumaciones se han cruzado con el monumento franquista más destacado de España, el Valle de los Caídos, lugar en el que fue enterrado el dictador en 1975 hasta su exhumación y traslado a un panteón familiar en 2019. Se sostiene que el retroceso de la militarización por medio del desmantelamiento de las cartografías de la muerte, derivadas de la guerra, y el desafío de las disposiciones funerarias militares implica necesariamente un cierto nivel de remilitarización por otros medios. Llamo a este reflejo y a esta memoria contraproducente, profundamente encarnada, militarismo fantasma

Depto. de Biología Celular, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

La Teoría de Conjuntos es un área del conocimiento comprendida entre la Lógica y las Matemáticas dedicada a la fundamentación de la segunda mediante herramientas tomadas de la primera. Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado busca servir de introducción ab initio a la Teoría de Conjuntos, prestando especial énfasis a las relaciones de buen orden y a las relaciones bien fundadas. Habiendo profundizado en ambas, aplicamos estos conocimientos a la Teoría de Conjuntos Finitos (FST) con el fin de, por un lado, estudiar las propiedades de varias nociones de finitud y probar en qué condiciones son equivalentes y, por otro, probar las relaciones de interdependencia entre varias teorías con respecto a FST, así como la independencia del Axioma de Regularidad de esta última teoría., Set Theory is a field of knowledge between Logic and Mathematics dedicated to using tools from the former to fund the latter. This Degree’s End Project aims to serve as an ab intio-introduction to Set Theory, placing a special emphasis in well order and well founded relations. Once we have studied both in detail, we apply what we have learnt to the Finite Set Theory (FST) aiming to, on the one hand, study some definitions of finiteness, their properties and prove under which conditions they are equivalent; and on the other, demonstrate the interdependence relations among some theories and FST, as well as the independence of the Axiom of Regularity from this last theory.

Instalación de red de calor por biomasa para los edificios públicos del municipio de Duruelo de la Sierra (Soria), Grado en Ingeniería Agraria y Energética

Este trabajo de fin de grado tiene como contenido el diseño e impresión de piezas en 3D para su uso posterior en dos procesos distintos de fundición, la fundición por colada directa en molde de arena y la fundición a la cera perdida. Para estos modelos se utilizarán tanto materiales corrientes de uso en impresión 3D como materiales de impresión fabricados exclusivamente para ciertos procesos de fundición. En total se realizarán tres procesos de fundición con diferencias entre sí. El primer proceso se realizará por colada directa en molde de arena, utilizando como material poliestireno de alto impacto. En los dos siguientes procesos de fundición se utilizará la fundición a la cera perdida. La variación entre estos procesos se encuentra en el material utilizado, ya que se utilizarán dos materiales distintos diseñados específicamente para este proceso, llamados MoldLay y Polycast. Además, tras la impresión en 3D y las fundiciones de los distintos materiales, se controlarán las dimensiones obtenidas en los modelos para estudiar la viabilidad de la sustitución de los modelos convencionales por modelos en 3D, identificando los problemas y discrepancias que aparezcan en cada proceso en función del resultado ideal que se pretende obtener., The content of this final degree project is the design and printing of 3D parts for subsequent use in two different casting processes, direct casting in sand moulds and lost wax casting. For these models, both materials commonly used in 3D printing and printing materials manufactured exclusively for certain casting processes will be used. A total of three different casting processes will be used. The first process will be carried out by direct casting in a sand mould, using high-impact polystyrene as the material. In the next two casting processes, lost-wax casting will be used. The variation between the processes is in the material used, as two different materials specifically designed for this process, called MoldLay and Polycast, will be used. Furthermore, after the 3D printing and casting of the different materials, the dimensions obtained in the models will be controlled in order to study the feasibility of replacing conventional models with 3D models, identifying the problems and discrepancies that appear in each process according to the ideal result to be obtained., Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

Este TFG ha sido creado para la obtención de un aerómetro capaz de medir la densidad del aire húmedo según la versión simplificada de la fórmula CIPM2007, versión normal. El aerómetro va a constar de instrumentación electrónica basada en hardware y software de libre acceso, donde se van a utilizar la plataforma de Arduino para la programación y la plataforma Thinguer.io para el control y medición del aerómetro a distancia, gracias a su funcionalidad WiFi. La utilización de una pantalla le confiere la capacidad al aerómetro de ser usado sin conexión a internet. Se ha diseñado e impreso en 3D una carcasa exterior para albergar todos los componentes que conforman el aerómetro y posteriormente se ha realizado una calibración de este mediante patrones metrológicos. Por último, se ha calculado una estimación de la incertidumbre asociada al valor de la densidad del aire húmedo arrojado por el aerómetro., This TFG has been created to obtain an aerometer capable of measuring the density of humid air ocording to the the simplified version of the CIPM – 2007 formula, normal version. The aerometer will consist of electronic instrumentation based on open-source hardware and software, where the Arduino platform will be used for programming and the Thinguer.io platform for remote control and measurement of the aerometer, thanks to its WiFi funcionality. The use of a display gives the aerometer the ability to be used without an internet connection. An outer casing has been designed and 3D printed to house all the components that make up the aerometer and subsequently calibrated using metrological standards. Finally, an estimation of the uncertain associated with the value of the density of humid air obtained by the aerometer has been calculated., Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio el proceso de gestión legal, forense e ideológico realizado por las fuerzas sublevadas y la Dictadura durante la Guerra Civil y la Posguerra (1936-1951) sobre los cadáveres de los que denominaron “Mártires y Caídos por Dios y por España”. Esta investigación se inserta dentro de los estudios que realizan análisis interdisciplinares sobre las exhumaciones de la Guerra Civil española. Encara una fase histórica de desenterramientos que tiene la particularidad de no contar con ninguna investigación que la aborde y la estudie en profundidad, e indague en su ejecución y sus ejecutores, hasta el momento. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es sacar a la luz un proceso jurídico político de amplio espectro, totalmente legislado por las autoridades sublevadas y dictatoriales. Esta tesis expone como junto a la exaltación, recuerdo y conmemoración de los “Mártir y Caído por Dios y por España”, se sumaban sucesivas exhumaciones bajo el amparo de un proceso judicial. A su vez, la identificación de las principales seis aristas del proceso revelan que su profundidad y complejidad excede la mera recuperación física de los cadáveres. Estas comenzarían con las acciones legislativas a través de las cuales se inició la regulación y administración sobre los cuerpos “mártires” desde el comienzo de la guerra, en el marco del proceso que se ha denominado administración de la muerte, junto con las otras cinco aristas insertas en los procesos judiciales de las Causas Generales Militares durante la guerra y en la “Causa General” en la posguerra..., The purpose of this work is to study the process of legal, forensic, and ideological management implemented by the insurgent forces and the Dictatorship during the Civil War and the post-war period (1936-1951) on the corpses of those they called "Martyrs and Fallen for God and for Spain". This research is positioned within the studies that undertake interdisciplinary analyses on the exhumations of the Spanish Civil War. So far, this specific historical period of exhumations has remained unresearched, uninvestigated and without in-depth study of its execution and executors. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to bring to light a wide-ranging political and judicial process, entirely legislated by the insurgent and dictatorial authorities.This thesis exposes how the exaltation, remembrance, and commemoration of the "Martyrs and Fallen for God and for Spain" were complemented by exhumations under the protection of a judicial process. At the same time, the identification of the six main aspects of the process reveals that its depth and complexity exceeded the mere physical recovery of the corpses. These began with the legislative actions through which the regulation and administration of the "martyred" bodies were initiated from the onset of the war, within the framework of the process that has been called the administration of death, together with the other five aspects of the judicial processes of the Causas Generales Militares during the war and the Causa General in the post-war period...

Este TFG ha sido creado para la obtención de un aerómetro capaz de medir la densidad del aire húmedo según la versión simplificada de la fórmula CIPM2007, versión normal. El aerómetro va a constar de instrumentación electrónica basada en hardware y software de libre acceso, donde se van a utilizar la plataforma de Arduino para la programación y la plataforma Thinguer.io para el control y medición del aerómetro a distancia, gracias a su funcionalidad WiFi. La utilización de una pantalla le confiere la capacidad al aerómetro de ser usado sin conexión a internet. Se ha diseñado e impreso en 3D una carcasa exterior para albergar todos los componentes que conforman el aerómetro y posteriormente se ha realizado una calibración de este mediante patrones metrológicos. Por último, se ha calculado una estimación de la incertidumbre asociada al valor de la densidad del aire húmedo arrojado por el aerómetro., This TFG has been created to obtain an aerometer capable of measuring the density of humid air ocording to the the simplified version of the CIPM – 2007 formula, normal version. The aerometer will consist of electronic instrumentation based on open-source hardware and software, where the Arduino platform will be used for programming and the Thinguer.io platform for remote control and measurement of the aerometer, thanks to its WiFi funcionality. The use of a display gives the aerometer the ability to be used without an internet connection. An outer casing has been designed and 3D printed to house all the components that make up the aerometer and subsequently calibrated using metrological standards. Finally, an estimation of the uncertain associated with the value of the density of humid air obtained by the aerometer has been calculated., Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingienería Mecánica

In this research we will try to make explicit to what extent Being and Time is a kind of attempt to take up again, in a correct way, the original philosophical project that Kant unfolded in his Critique of Pure Reason. In order to justify our conjecture, we will focus especially on Heidegger’s Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (1929). In this text we will find a controversial interpretation that the Meßkirch thinker developed of Immanuel Kant’s opus magnum. This interpretation could suggest that his Being and Time would not only be twinned with the Critique of Pure Reason, but that it would be a correct continuation of the path traced there by the philosopher from Königsberg., En esta investigación intentaremos explicitar hasta qué punto Ser y Tiempo es una suerte de tentativa por retomar, en forma correcta, el originario proyecto filosófico que Kant desplegó en su Crítica de la razón pura. Para lograr justificar nuestra conjetura nos centraremos especialmente en la obra de Heidegger Kant y el problema de la Metafísica (1929). En dicho texto nos encontraremos con una controvertida interpretación que el pensador de Meßkirch elaboró del opus magnum de Immanuel Kant. Interpretación que, justamente, podría sugerirnos que su Ser y Tiempo, no sólo estaría hermanado con la Crítica de la razón pura, sino que vendría a ser una correcta continuación del camino allí trazado por el filósofo de Königsberg.

Purpose: To evaluate the microbiota of culture negative Corneal Impression Membrane (CIM) microbial keratitis samples with the use of shotgun metagenomics analysis. Methods: DNA of microbial keratitis samples were collected with CIM and extracted using the MasterPure™ Complete DNA and RNA Purification Kit (Epicentre). DNA was fragmented by sonication into fragments of 300 to 400 base pairs (bp) using Bioruptor® (Diagenode, Belgium) and then used as a template for library preparation. DNA libraries were sequenced on Illumina® HiSeq2500. The resulting reads were quality controlled, trimmed and mapped against the human reference genome. The unmapped reads were taxonomically classified using the Kraken software. Results: 18 microbial keratitis samples were included in the study. Brevundimonas diminuta was found in 5 samples while 6 samples showed the presence of viral infections. Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella lacunata and Pseudomonas alcaligenes were also identified as the presumed putative cause of the infection in 7 samples. Conclusions: Shotgun sequencing can be used as a diagnostic tool in microbial keratitis samples. This diagnostic method expands the available tests to diagnose eye infections and could be clinically significant in culture negative samples.

Este trabajo de fin de grado tiene como contenido el diseño e impresión de piezas en 3D para su uso posterior en dos procesos distintos de fundición, la fundición por colada directa en molde de arena y la fundición a la cera perdida. Para estos modelos se utilizarán tanto materiales corrientes de uso en impresión 3D como materiales de impresión fabricados exclusivamente para ciertos procesos de fundición. En total se realizarán tres procesos de fundición con diferencias entre sí. El primer proceso se realizará por colada directa en molde de arena, utilizando como material poliestireno de alto impacto. En los dos siguientes procesos de fundición se utilizará la fundición a la cera perdida. La variación entre estos procesos se encuentra en el material utilizado, ya que se utilizarán dos materiales distintos diseñados específicamente para este proceso, llamados MoldLay y Polycast. Además, tras la impresión en 3D y las fundiciones de los distintos materiales, se controlarán las dimensiones obtenidas en los modelos para estudiar la viabilidad de la sustitución de los modelos convencionales por modelos en 3D, identificando los problemas y discrepancias que aparezcan en cada proceso en función del resultado ideal que se pretende obtener., The content of this final degree project is the design and printing of 3D parts for subsequent use in two different casting processes, direct casting in sand moulds and lost wax casting. For these models, both materials commonly used in 3D printing and printing materials manufactured exclusively for certain casting processes will be used. A total of three different casting processes will be used. The first process will be carried out by direct casting in a sand mould, using high-impact polystyrene as the material. In the next two casting processes, lost-wax casting will be used. The variation between the processes is in the material used, as two different materials specifically designed for this process, called MoldLay and Polycast, will be used. Furthermore, after the 3D printing and casting of the different materials, the dimensions obtained in the models will be controlled in order to study the feasibility of replacing conventional models with 3D models, identifying the problems and discrepancies that appear in each process according to the ideal result to be obtained., Departamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de Fabricación, Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio el proceso de gestión legal, forense e ideológico realizado por las fuerzas sublevadas y la Dictadura durante la Guerra Civil y la Posguerra (1936-1951) sobre los cadáveres de los que denominaron “Mártires y Caídos por Dios y por España”. Esta investigación se inserta dentro de los estudios que realizan análisis interdisciplinares sobre las exhumaciones de la Guerra Civil española. Encara una fase histórica de desenterramientos que tiene la particularidad de no contar con ninguna investigación que la aborde y la estudie en profundidad, e indague en su ejecución y sus ejecutores, hasta el momento. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis es sacar a la luz un proceso jurídico político de amplio espectro, totalmente legislado por las autoridades sublevadas y dictatoriales. Esta tesis expone como junto a la exaltación, recuerdo y conmemoración de los “Mártir y Caído por Dios y por España”, se sumaban sucesivas exhumaciones bajo el amparo de un proceso judicial. A su vez, la identificación de las principales seis aristas del proceso revelan que su profundidad y complejidad excede la mera recuperación física de los cadáveres. Estas comenzarían con las acciones legislativas a través de las cuales se inició la regulación y administración sobre los cuerpos “mártires” desde el comienzo de la guerra, en el marco del proceso que se ha denominado administración de la muerte, junto con las otras cinco aristas insertas en los procesos judiciales de las Causas Generales Militares durante la guerra y en la “Causa General” en la posguerra..., The purpose of this work is to study the process of legal, forensic, and ideological management implemented by the insurgent forces and the Dictatorship during the Civil War and the post-war period (1936-1951) on the corpses of those they called "Martyrs and Fallen for God and for Spain". This research is positioned within the studies that undertake interdisciplinary analyses on the exhumations of the Spanish Civil War. So far, this specific historical period of exhumations has remained unresearched, uninvestigated and without in-depth study of its execution and executors. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to bring to light a wide-ranging political and judicial process, entirely legislated by the insurgent and dictatorial authorities.This thesis exposes how the exaltation, remembrance, and commemoration of the "Martyrs and Fallen for God and for Spain" were complemented by exhumations under the protection of a judicial process. At the same time, the identification of the six main aspects of the process reveals that its depth and complexity exceeded the mere physical recovery of the corpses. These began with the legislative actions through which the regulation and administration of the "martyred" bodies were initiated from the onset of the war, within the framework of the process that has been called the administration of death, together with the other five aspects of the judicial processes of the Causas Generales Militares during the war and the Causa General in the post-war period...

Background New intraocular lenses (IOLs) have emerged since the originally coined monofocal and multifocal IOLs. The extended depth of focus (EDoF) and enhanced monofocal IOLs (mono‑EDoF) that have appeared in the last decade have caused some confusion in their classification. The aim of this review was to summarize the outcomes provided by mono‑EDOF IOLs and to determine which of the endpoints, described by the American National Stand‑ ard (ANSI) for EDoF IOLs, are fulfilled. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases were searched. Two independent reviewers screened the studies for inclusion and data extraction. The search strategy was limited to studies published between 2020 and 2022, but not by language. The results are presented as a narrative summary accompanied by tables, in alignment with the objectives of this scoping review. Compliance with the endpoints for clinical outcomes described in the American National Standard Z80.35–2018 (ANSI) for EDoF lenses was checked and additional endpoints were defined. Results Two systematic reviews, 13 laboratory, 21 clinical, and two mixed studies were included. Tecnis Eyhance was the mono‑EDOF with the highest volume of evidence to date. Although laboratory studies included other IOLs, clini‑ cal evidence for them is still scarce, with only one study of IsoPure compared to a standard monofocal IOL. Evidence in comparison to EDoF lenses is also scarce, even for Tecnis Eyhance, with only three studies including this lens in comparison to an EDoF lens. After evaluation of the ANSI criteria, agreement was found in the failure for the increase in depth of field equal to or greater than 0.5 D for a visual acuity (VA) level of 0.2 logMAR and none of the studies sup‑ ported that the median monocular VA at intermediate distance was at least 0.2 logMAR. Conclusions Additional clinical evidence is required for other mono‑EDOF IOLs beyond Tecnis Eyhance. Until the arrival of a standard classification, mono‑EDOF sho

En los Diez libros de Arquitectura, Vitruvio especifica el diseño del Capitel Jónico con más detalle que para ningún otro elemento. Sin embargo, el resultado del dibujo de los tratadistas de arquitectura, principalmente surgidos en el Renacimiento a la luz del texto vitruviano, es muy distinto según cada autor. El presente artículo es una investigación inédita que se ha desarrollado ampliamente en lo que representa una tesis doctoral igualmente inédita hasta la fecha y cuyo tribunal fue de participación nacional e internacional de investigadores de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y entendemos que, esta revista internacional de EGA, es el medio más adecuado para dar conocimiento de parte de la investigación original tratada. No solo resulta controvertido el trazado del Capitel Jónico entre los diversos tratadistas a lo largo de la historia de la arquitectura, sino también entre las traducciones del Tratado de Vitruvio consultadas. Entre ellas existen disparidades que se reflejan tanto en relación a la altura hasta la que se adopta un grosor de Ábaco u otro, como en la ubicación del ojo de la Voluta respecto al Astrágalo. Esta dificultad de explicar literalmente lo que ha de ejecutarse, se resuelve fácilmente por métodos gráficos. Por ello, Vitruvio nos remite para el trazado de este Capitel, a la figura incluida en su último libro que, junto a otros dibujos, no han llegado hasta nosotros. Exponemos las incógnitas relacionadas con este elemento en diversos tratados y traducciones del texto de Vitruvio, resolviendo, en nuestra investigación, tres importantes cuestiones: La relación modular de sus dimensiones, la disposición del ojo de la Voluta en relación con el Astrágalo del Fuste y el necesario dimensionamiento por métodos geométricos del Capitel para poder obtener una altura de Columna determinada., In the Ten Books on Architecture, Vitruvius specifies the design of the Ionic Capital in more detail than for any other element. However, the result of the drawing of the architecture writers, mainly emerged in the Renaissance in the light of the Vitruvian text, is very different according to each author. This article is an unpublished piece of research that has been extensively developed in what represents an equally to date unpublished doctoral thesis, and whose court was of national and international participation of Architectural Graphic Expression researchers. We believe that this international EGA journal is the most appropriate means to give knowledge on part of the original research. Not only is the layout of the Ionic Capital controversial among the various treatise writers throughout the history of architecture, but also among the translations of the Vitruvian Treatise consulted. There are disparities between them that are reflected both in relation to the height up to which one thickness of the Abacus or another is adopted, as well as in the location of the eye of the Volute with respect to the Astragalus. This difficulty of literally explaining what has to be executed is easily solved by graphical methods. For this reason, Vitruvio refers us, for the layout of this Capital, to the figure included in the last book that, together with other drawings, have not come down to us. We expose the unknowns related to this element in various treatises and translations of Vitruvio’s text, resolving, in our investigation, three important questions: The modular relationship of its dimensions, the arrangement of the eye of the Volute in relation to the Astragalus of the Shaft and the necessary sizing by geometric methods of the Capital in order to obtain a determined Column height.

En los Diez libros de Arquitectura, Vitruvio especifica el diseño del Capitel Jónico con más detalle que para ningún otro elemento. Sin embargo, el resultado del dibujo de los tratadistas de arquitectura, principalmente surgidos en el Renacimiento a la luz del texto vitruviano, es muy distinto según cada autor. El presente artículo es una investigación inédita que se ha desarrollado ampliamente en lo que representa una tesis doctoral igualmente inédita hasta la fecha y cuyo tribunal fue de participación nacional e internacional de investigadores de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y entendemos que, esta revista internacional de EGA, es el medio más adecuado para dar conocimiento de parte de la investigación original tratada. No solo resulta controvertido el trazado del Capitel Jónico entre los diversos tratadistas a lo largo de la historia de la arquitectura, sino también entre las traducciones del Tratado de Vitruvio consultadas. Entre ellas existen disparidades que se reflejan tanto en relación a la altura hasta la que se adopta un grosor de Ábaco u otro, como en la ubicación del ojo de la Voluta respecto al Astrágalo. Esta dificultad de explicar literalmente lo que ha de ejecutarse, se resuelve fácilmente por métodos gráficos. Por ello, Vitruvio nos remite para el trazado de este Capitel, a la figura incluida en su último libro que, junto a otros dibujos, no han llegado hasta nosotros. Exponemos las incógnitas relacionadas con este elemento en diversos tratados y traducciones del texto de Vitruvio, resolviendo, en nuestra investigación, tres importantes cuestiones: La relación modular de sus dimensiones, la disposición del ojo de la Voluta en relación con el Astrágalo del Fuste y el necesario dimensionamiento por métodos geométricos del Capitel para poder obtener una altura de Columna determinada., In the Ten Books on Architecture, Vitruvius specifies the design of the Ionic Capital in more detail than for any other element. However, the result of the drawing of the architecture writers, mainly emerged in the Renaissance in the light of the Vitruvian text, is very different according to each author. This article is an unpublished piece of research that has been extensively developed in what represents an equally to date unpublished doctoral thesis, and whose court was of national and international participation of Architectural Graphic Expression researchers. We believe that this international EGA journal is the most appropriate means to give knowledge on part of the original research. Not only is the layout of the Ionic Capital controversial among the various treatise writers throughout the history of architecture, but also among the translations of the Vitruvian Treatise consulted. There are disparities between them that are reflected both in relation to the height up to which one thickness of the Abacus or another is adopted, as well as in the location of the eye of the Volute with respect to the Astragalus. This difficulty of literally explaining what has to be executed is easily solved by graphical methods. For this reason, Vitruvio refers us, for the layout of this Capital, to the figure included in the last book that, together with other drawings, have not come down to us. We expose the unknowns related to this element in various treatises and translations of Vitruvio’s text, resolving, in our investigation, three important questions: The modular relationship of its dimensions, the arrangement of the eye of the Volute in relation to the Astragalus of the Shaft and the necessary sizing by geometric methods of the Capital in order to obtain a determined Column height.

El presente trabajo propone un estudio comparativo del conflicto anglo-español que estalló en 1655 de resultas de la puesta en práctica de la denominada política del Western Design de Oliver Cromwell. Con ello, lo que intentamos es indagar en los efectos que esa guerra trajo consigo para ambas partes involucradas, poniendo especial atención a sus capacidades marítimas y a las relaciones diplomáticas. En una dimensión más amplia, nuestra tesis se pregunta por los orígenes de la hegemonía marítima inglesa, que no deberían encontrarse en la era isabelina, sino más bien durante el Interregno (1649-1660). Para ello hacemos hincapié en la política marítima que los sucesivos gobiernos fomentaron en la Inglaterra de los años 1650, lo que también nos ayuda a comprender mejor el contexto favorable en el que Oliver Cromwell puso en marcha su proyecto imperial americano. Aunque esta cuestión ha sido objetivo de múltiples estudios especializados desde el si-glo XIX en adelante, estos principalmente se han enfocado en la conquista inglesa de Jamaica, relegando al olvido los otros frentes de guerra. En cambio, la presente tesis trata de comprender también los teatros de operaciones europeos, donde las fuerzas navales inglesas activamente se afanaron en bloquear las rutas marítimas españolas con las Indias Occidentales, así como obs-truir el sistema de flotas y galeones anuales, un objetivo alegóricamente referido como «Río Éufrates». Si pasamos de soslayo por estos hechos, no solo dificultamos la adecuada compren-sión de la estrategia seguida por la marina militar inglesa, consistente en múltiples escuadras combinadas, sino también cómo condicionó la evolución del frente de Flandes, donde se halla-ban desplegadas las principales fuerzas españolas. En este sentido, y entre otros factores, el conflicto anglo-español precipitó el colapso final del esfuerzo de guerra español, acelerando así una decadencia que se mantendría hasta el mismo final de siglo. Como tampoco hemos querido afro, The present thesis aims at a comparative study of the Anglo-Spanish War that broke out in 1655 as a consequence of Oliver Cromwell’s so-called Western Design policy. In doing so, what we intend to do is to delve into the effects that that war entailed for both engaged sides, paying a thorough attention to their maritime capabilities and their diplomatic relations. In a wider di-mension our study wonders about the origins of English seaborne hegemony, which may not be found in the Elizabethan era, but in the Interregnum. Hence we highlight the maritime policy that successive governments of 1650s England fostered, which also enables us to better under-stand the propitious context in which Oliver Cromwell launched his imperial project. In spite of the fact that this issue has been the object of multiple studies since the 19th century, scholars have chiefly focused hitherto on the English conquest of Jamaica, while rele-gating the other battlefronts to a second plane. By contrast, the present thesis also aims at en-compassing the European theatre of operations, where the English naval forces actively tried to block the Spanish shipping routes with the West Indies as well as obstruct the annual fleets and galleons system, a target allegorically referred to as the “Euphrates River”. Ignoring these facts not only hampers the proper understanding of the strategy that the English navy followed during the war, which consisted of several combined squadrons, but also how it determined the evolu-tion of the Flanders frontline, where main Spanish forces were deployed. In this sense, and amongst other factors, the Anglo-Spanish conflict prompted the final collapse of Spain’s war effort, accelerating thus a decline which remained until the very end of the century. Nor have we wanted to face the study of this contest as a completely isolated event; one of our main concerns has been its insertion within the critical conjuncture of the mid-seven-teenth century. Far from constraining t

El presente trabajo propone un estudio comparativo del conflicto anglo-español que estalló en 1655 de resultas de la puesta en práctica de la denominada política del Western Design de Oliver Cromwell. Con ello, lo que intentamos es indagar en los efectos que esa guerra trajo consigo para ambas partes involucradas, poniendo especial atención a sus capacidades marítimas y a las relaciones diplomáticas. En una dimensión más amplia, nuestra tesis se pregunta por los orígenes de la hegemonía marítima inglesa, que no deberían encontrarse en la era isabelina, sino más bien durante el Interregno (1649-1660). Para ello hacemos hincapié en la política marítima que los sucesivos gobiernos fomentaron en la Inglaterra de los años 1650, lo que también nos ayuda a comprender mejor el contexto favorable en el que Oliver Cromwell puso en marcha su proyecto imperial americano. Aunque esta cuestión ha sido objetivo de múltiples estudios especializados desde el si-glo XIX en adelante, estos principalmente se han enfocado en la conquista inglesa de Jamaica, relegando al olvido los otros frentes de guerra. En cambio, la presente tesis trata de comprender también los teatros de operaciones europeos, donde las fuerzas navales inglesas activamente se afanaron en bloquear las rutas marítimas españolas con las Indias Occidentales, así como obs-truir el sistema de flotas y galeones anuales, un objetivo alegóricamente referido como «Río Éufrates». Si pasamos de soslayo por estos hechos, no solo dificultamos la adecuada compren-sión de la estrategia seguida por la marina militar inglesa, consistente en múltiples escuadras combinadas, sino también cómo condicionó la evolución del frente de Flandes, donde se halla-ban desplegadas las principales fuerzas españolas. En este sentido, y entre otros factores, el conflicto anglo-español precipitó el colapso final del esfuerzo de guerra español, acelerando así una decadencia que se mantendría hasta el mismo final de siglo. Como tampoco hemos querido afro, The present thesis aims at a comparative study of the Anglo-Spanish War that broke out in 1655 as a consequence of Oliver Cromwell’s so-called Western Design policy. In doing so, what we intend to do is to delve into the effects that that war entailed for both engaged sides, paying a thorough attention to their maritime capabilities and their diplomatic relations. In a wider di-mension our study wonders about the origins of English seaborne hegemony, which may not be found in the Elizabethan era, but in the Interregnum. Hence we highlight the maritime policy that successive governments of 1650s England fostered, which also enables us to better under-stand the propitious context in which Oliver Cromwell launched his imperial project. In spite of the fact that this issue has been the object of multiple studies since the 19th century, scholars have chiefly focused hitherto on the English conquest of Jamaica, while rele-gating the other battlefronts to a second plane. By contrast, the present thesis also aims at en-compassing the European theatre of operations, where the English naval forces actively tried to block the Spanish shipping routes with the West Indies as well as obstruct the annual fleets and galleons system, a target allegorically referred to as the “Euphrates River”. Ignoring these facts not only hampers the proper understanding of the strategy that the English navy followed during the war, which consisted of several combined squadrons, but also how it determined the evolu-tion of the Flanders frontline, where main Spanish forces were deployed. In this sense, and amongst other factors, the Anglo-Spanish conflict prompted the final collapse of Spain’s war effort, accelerating thus a decline which remained until the very end of the century. Nor have we wanted to face the study of this contest as a completely isolated event; one of our main concerns has been its insertion within the critical conjuncture of the mid-seven-teenth century. Far from constraining t

Purpose: To evaluate the microbiota of culture negative Corneal Impression Membrane (CIM) microbial keratitis samples with the use of shotgun metagenomics analysis. Methods: DNA of microbial keratitis samples were collected with CIM and extracted using the MasterPure™ Complete DNA and RNA Purification Kit (Epicentre). DNA was fragmented by sonication into fragments of 300 to 400 base pairs (bp) using Bioruptor® (Diagenode, Belgium) and then used as a template for library preparation. DNA libraries were sequenced on Illumina® HiSeq2500. The resulting reads were quality controlled, trimmed and mapped against the human reference genome. The unmapped reads were taxonomically classified using the Kraken software. Results: 18 microbial keratitis samples were included in the study. Brevundimonas diminuta was found in 5 samples while 6 samples showed the presence of viral infections. Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella lacunata and Pseudomonas alcaligenes were also identified as the presumed putative cause of the infection in 7 samples. Conclusions: Shotgun sequencing can be used as a diagnostic tool in microbial keratitis samples. This diagnostic method expands the available tests to diagnose eye infections and could be clinically significant in culture negative samples.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fourmethanolic plant extracts from the Northeast Mexican Semidesert:Rhus muelleri,R. virens,Flourensia microphyllaandF. retinophylla, as biostimulants for growth,yield and fruit quality in bell pepper; compared with the bioregulators gibberellicacid, indoleacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. The dose utilized of extractsand bioregulators was 75 mg L−1, applying them at transplant and, at 33 and 46days after transplant (DAT). Besides, the extracts were also applied at 17 and 96DAT. The evaluated variables in plants were longitudinal growth and stem diameter,total dry matter, root length and volume, number of fruits and yield. In fruits wereevaluated weight, longitudinal and equatorial diameters, volume, firmness, titratableacidity, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content, anthocyanins, lycopeneand vitamin C; as well as dry weight of seeds. The experiment was establishedunder a completely randomized design with eight treatments and 12 repetitions.TheF. retinophyllaextract promoted higher fruit weight per plant (212.9 g), fruitvolume (404.2 cm3) and yield (1.57 kg plant−1). Moreover, in fruits were observedincrements on vitamin C content (100.1 mg 100 g−1) and TSS (8.6°Brix) withF.microphyllaandR. muelleri, respectively. These results were statistically equals orsuperior to those of bioregulators. In general, the extracts promoted a higher growth,yield and fruit quality of bell pepper var. Cannon, than the bioregulators., El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de cuatroextractos metanólicos de plantas del Semidesierto del Noreste Mexicano:Rhusmuelleri,R. virens,Flourensia microphyllayF. retinophylla, como bioestimulantesde crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de fruto en pimiento morrón, comparados conlos biorreguladores ácido gieberélico, ácido indolacético y 6-bencilaminopurina. Lasdosis utilizadas de extractos y biorreguladores fueron de 75 mg L−1, aplicándose altrasplante y, a los 33 y 46 días después del trasplante (DDT). Además, los extractostambién se aplicaron a los 17 y 96 DDT. Las variables evaluadas en las plantasfueron crecimiento longitudinal y diámetro de tallo, materia seca total, longitudy volumen de raíz, número de frutos y rendimiento. En los frutos se evaluaronpeso, diámetros longitudinal y ecuatorial, volumen, firmeza, acidez titulable, sólidossolubles totales (SST), contenido de fenoles totales, antocianinas, licopeno yvitamina C; así como peso seco de semillas. El experimento se estableció bajoun diseño completamente al azar con ocho tratamientos y 12 repeticiones. Elextracto deF. retinophyllapromovió mayor peso de frutos por planta (212.9 g),volumen de fruto (404.2 cm3) y rendimiento (1.57 kg planta−1). Además, en frutosse observaron incrementos en contenido de vitamina C (100.1 mg 100 g−1) y SST(8.6°Brix) conF. microphyllayR. muelleri, respectivamente. Los resultados fueronestadísticamente iguales o superiores a los de los biorreguladores. En general,los extractos promovieron mayor crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad de fruto depimiento morrón var. Cannon, que los biorreguladores.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to check the efficacy and safety of a novel tear substitute containing hyaluronic acid and low-dose hydrocortisone in the treatment of moderate dry eye disease. Methods: In this prospective randomized study, 38 patients with moderate dry eye disease were divided into two treatment groups: Group 1 received one drop of 0.2% sodium hyaluronate and 0.001% hydrocortisone four times daily for 3 months, while Group 2 received 0.15% sodium hyaluronate and 3% trehalose at the same dosage. OSDI and SANDE questionnaires, Non-Invasive Break-Up time (NIBUT), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), meibography, Lipid Layer Thickness (LLT), Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT), Corneal Staining Score (CFS), and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) were evaluated at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 months of treatment. Results: During the treatment period, Group 1 showed statistically significant improvement in OSDI score (p = 0.002), SANDE score (p = 0.01), NIBUT (p < 0.0001), LLT (p < 0.0001), TBUT (p = 0.01), and CFS (p = 0.02). In Group 2, significant improvement was observed only in the TBUT score (p < 0.05). Comparison of the two groups showed that NIBUT and LLT were significantly different at the end of treatment (p = 0.001 for both comparisons), with more favorable results for sodium hyaluronate and hydrocortisone than for sodium hyaluronate and trehalose. No significant variations in intraocular pressure were observed in either group during the treatment period (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The study confirms that a 3-months treatment with hyaluronic acid 0.2% in combination with low-dose hydrocortisone 0.001% improves the signs and symptoms of moderate DED and that a low-dosage 0.001% hydrocortisone can be helpful in preventing the progression to chronic stages of DED.

Background New intraocular lenses (IOLs) have emerged since the originally coined monofocal and multifocal IOLs. The extended depth of focus (EDoF) and enhanced monofocal IOLs (mono‑EDoF) that have appeared in the last decade have caused some confusion in their classification. The aim of this review was to summarize the outcomes provided by mono‑EDOF IOLs and to determine which of the endpoints, described by the American National Stand‑ ard (ANSI) for EDoF IOLs, are fulfilled. Methods The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE databases were searched. Two independent reviewers screened the studies for inclusion and data extraction. The search strategy was limited to studies published between 2020 and 2022, but not by language. The results are presented as a narrative summary accompanied by tables, in alignment with the objectives of this scoping review. Compliance with the endpoints for clinical outcomes described in the American National Standard Z80.35–2018 (ANSI) for EDoF lenses was checked and additional endpoints were defined. Results Two systematic reviews, 13 laboratory, 21 clinical, and two mixed studies were included. Tecnis Eyhance was the mono‑EDOF with the highest volume of evidence to date. Although laboratory studies included other IOLs, clini‑ cal evidence for them is still scarce, with only one study of IsoPure compared to a standard monofocal IOL. Evidence in comparison to EDoF lenses is also scarce, even for Tecnis Eyhance, with only three studies including this lens in comparison to an EDoF lens. After evaluation of the ANSI criteria, agreement was found in the failure for the increase in depth of field equal to or greater than 0.5 D for a visual acuity (VA) level of 0.2 logMAR and none of the studies sup‑ ported that the median monocular VA at intermediate distance was at least 0.2 logMAR. Conclusions Additional clinical evidence is required for other mono‑EDOF IOLs beyond Tecnis Eyhance. Until the arrival of a standard classification, mono‑EDOF sho

En los Diez libros de Arquitectura, Vitruvio especifica el diseño del Capitel Jónico con más detalle que para ningún otro elemento. Sin embargo, el resultado del dibujo de los tratadistas de arquitectura, principalmente surgidos en el Renacimiento a la luz del texto vitruviano, es muy distinto según cada autor. El presente artículo es una investigación inédita que se ha desarrollado ampliamente en lo que representa una tesis doctoral igualmente inédita hasta la fecha y cuyo tribunal fue de participación nacional e internacional de investigadores de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y entendemos que, esta revista internacional de EGA, es el medio más adecuado para dar conocimiento de parte de la investigación original tratada. No solo resulta controvertido el trazado del Capitel Jónico entre los diversos tratadistas a lo largo de la historia de la arquitectura, sino también entre las traducciones del Tratado de Vitruvio consultadas. Entre ellas existen disparidades que se reflejan tanto en relación a la altura hasta la que se adopta un grosor de Ábaco u otro, como en la ubicación del ojo de la Voluta respecto al Astrágalo. Esta dificultad de explicar literalmente lo que ha de ejecutarse, se resuelve fácilmente por métodos gráficos. Por ello, Vitruvio nos remite para el trazado de este Capitel, a la figura incluida en su último libro que, junto a otros dibujos, no han llegado hasta nosotros. Exponemos las incógnitas relacionadas con este elemento en diversos tratados y traducciones del texto de Vitruvio, resolviendo, en nuestra investigación, tres importantes cuestiones: La relación modular de sus dimensiones, la disposición del ojo de la Voluta en relación con el Astrágalo del Fuste y el necesario dimensionamiento por métodos geométricos del Capitel para poder obtener una altura de Columna determinada., In the Ten Books on Architecture, Vitruvius specifies the design of the Ionic Capital in more detail than for any other element. However, the result of the drawing of the architecture writers, mainly emerged in the Renaissance in the light of the Vitruvian text, is very different according to each author. This article is an unpublished piece of research that has been extensively developed in what represents an equally to date unpublished doctoral thesis, and whose court was of national and international participation of Architectural Graphic Expression researchers. We believe that this international EGA journal is the most appropriate means to give knowledge on part of the original research. Not only is the layout of the Ionic Capital controversial among the various treatise writers throughout the history of architecture, but also among the translations of the Vitruvian Treatise consulted. There are disparities between them that are reflected both in relation to the height up to which one thickness of the Abacus or another is adopted, as well as in the location of the eye of the Volute with respect to the Astragalus. This difficulty of literally explaining what has to be executed is easily solved by graphical methods. For this reason, Vitruvio refers us, for the layout of this Capital, to the figure included in the last book that, together with other drawings, have not come down to us. We expose the unknowns related to this element in various treatises and translations of Vitruvio’s text, resolving, in our investigation, three important questions: The modular relationship of its dimensions, the arrangement of the eye of the Volute in relation to the Astragalus of the Shaft and the necessary sizing by geometric methods of the Capital in order to obtain a determined Column height.

The present study analyzes how 517 news reports from La 1 of Televisión Española (TVE) have addressed the disinformation phenomenon in the period 2013-2022. To do this, content analysis was used on 559 news units filtered by the terms hoax, fake news, and disinformation. The chronological evolution of the vocabulary, themes, sources, actors involved, and approaches used in the news have been observed. The disinformation terminology breaks through with greater intensity from the year 2017, coinciding with the responsibility attributed to the disinformation phenomenon regarding the results of the presidential elections in the United States and Brexit. Another correlation is established in 2020 with the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Disinformation is largely associated with political information in the national section of the tv news. Regarding the treatment that journalists give to the disinformation terms, it evolves from information to pedagogy., El presente estudio analiza cómo 517 informativos de La 1 de Televisión Española (TVE) han tratado el fenómeno desinformativo en el periodo 2013-2022. Para ello se recurre al análisis de contenido de 559 unidades informativas filtradas por los términos bulo, noticia falsa, fake news y desinformación. Se ha observado la evolución temporal de los vocablos, las temáticas, las fuentes, los actores implicados y los enfoques utilizados en las noticias. La terminología desinformativa irrumpe con mayor intensidad a partir del año 2017, coincidiendo con la responsabilidad atribuida al fenómeno desinformativo sobre los resultados de las elecciones presidenciales en Estados Unidos y el Brexit. Otra correlación se establece en 2020 con la declaración de pandemia por la COVID-19. La desinformación está asociada, principalmente, a las informaciones de política, en la sección nacional de los telediarios. Respecto al tratamiento que realizan los periodistas sobre los términos desinformativos, evoluciona de la información a la pedagogía.

El presente trabajo propone un estudio comparativo del conflicto anglo-español que estalló en 1655 de resultas de la puesta en práctica de la denominada política del Western Design de Oliver Cromwell. Con ello, lo que intentamos es indagar en los efectos que esa guerra trajo consigo para ambas partes involucradas, poniendo especial atención a sus capacidades marítimas y a las relaciones diplomáticas. En una dimensión más amplia, nuestra tesis se pregunta por los orígenes de la hegemonía marítima inglesa, que no deberían encontrarse en la era isabelina, sino más bien durante el Interregno (1649-1660). Para ello hacemos hincapié en la política marítima que los sucesivos gobiernos fomentaron en la Inglaterra de los años 1650, lo que también nos ayuda a comprender mejor el contexto favorable en el que Oliver Cromwell puso en marcha su proyecto imperial americano. Aunque esta cuestión ha sido objetivo de múltiples estudios especializados desde el si-glo XIX en adelante, estos principalmente se han enfocado en la conquista inglesa de Jamaica, relegando al olvido los otros frentes de guerra. En cambio, la presente tesis trata de comprender también los teatros de operaciones europeos, donde las fuerzas navales inglesas activamente se afanaron en bloquear las rutas marítimas españolas con las Indias Occidentales, así como obs-truir el sistema de flotas y galeones anuales, un objetivo alegóricamente referido como «Río Éufrates». Si pasamos de soslayo por estos hechos, no solo dificultamos la adecuada compren-sión de la estrategia seguida por la marina militar inglesa, consistente en múltiples escuadras combinadas, sino también cómo condicionó la evolución del frente de Flandes, donde se halla-ban desplegadas las principales fuerzas españolas. En este sentido, y entre otros factores, el conflicto anglo-español precipitó el colapso final del esfuerzo de guerra español, acelerando así una decadencia que se mantendría hasta el mismo final de siglo. Como tampoco hemos querido afro, The present thesis aims at a comparative study of the Anglo-Spanish War that broke out in 1655 as a consequence of Oliver Cromwell’s so-called Western Design policy. In doing so, what we intend to do is to delve into the effects that that war entailed for both engaged sides, paying a thorough attention to their maritime capabilities and their diplomatic relations. In a wider di-mension our study wonders about the origins of English seaborne hegemony, which may not be found in the Elizabethan era, but in the Interregnum. Hence we highlight the maritime policy that successive governments of 1650s England fostered, which also enables us to better under-stand the propitious context in which Oliver Cromwell launched his imperial project. In spite of the fact that this issue has been the object of multiple studies since the 19th century, scholars have chiefly focused hitherto on the English conquest of Jamaica, while rele-gating the other battlefronts to a second plane. By contrast, the present thesis also aims at en-compassing the European theatre of operations, where the English naval forces actively tried to block the Spanish shipping routes with the West Indies as well as obstruct the annual fleets and galleons system, a target allegorically referred to as the “Euphrates River”. Ignoring these facts not only hampers the proper understanding of the strategy that the English navy followed during the war, which consisted of several combined squadrons, but also how it determined the evolu-tion of the Flanders frontline, where main Spanish forces were deployed. In this sense, and amongst other factors, the Anglo-Spanish conflict prompted the final collapse of Spain’s war effort, accelerating thus a decline which remained until the very end of the century. Nor have we wanted to face the study of this contest as a completely isolated event; one of our main concerns has been its insertion within the critical conjuncture of the mid-seven-teenth century. Far from constraining t

Design in its projectual practice dialogues in relational spaces with other dis-ciplines such as engineering, and is not only limited to solving problems in exclusively technological or digital fields, associated with innovation, but has also moved towards adaptation to a system whose limitations must be respected (Barreiro, 2020). Expanding the initial conception of design praxis towards a strategic area focused on the user with the aim of designing according to the various future scenarios in an increasingly complex con-text, design is everywhere and requires a human ecology and of a social change (Papanek, 2014). The challenges posed by the complex fabric of today’s world imply that in order to solve various problems it is necessary to leave the closed circle of disciplines since none of them can be reduced to the knowledge of only one (Vilar, 1997), and both the design Like other areas of knowledge (engineering, science, art) they need this intersection of knowledge to achieve better responses to each challenge., O design na sua prática projectual dialoga em espaços relacionais com outras disciplinas como a engenharia, e não se limita apenas à resolução de problemas em âmbi-tos exclusivamente tecnológicos ou digitais, associados à inovação, mas também tem ca-minhado para a adaptação a um sistema cujas limitações devem ser respeitado (Barreiro, 2020). Expandindo a concepção inicial da práxis do design para uma área estratégica cen-trada no utilizador com o objetivo de projetar de acordo com os vários cenários futuros num contexto cada vez mais complexo, o design está em todo o lado e exige uma ecologia humana e uma mudança social (Papanek, 2014) . Os desafios colocados pela complexa tessitura do mundo actual implicam que para a resolução de vários problemas seja ne-cessário sair do círculo fechado das disciplinas, uma vez que nenhuma delas se reduz ao conhecimento de uma só (Vilar, 1997), e ambas as design À semelhança de outras áreas do conhecimento (engenharia, ciência, arte) necessitam desta intersecção de saberes para conseguirem melhores respostas a cada desafio., El diseño en su práctica proyectual dialoga en espacios relacionales con otras disciplinas como por ejemplo la ingeniería, y no solo se limita a resolver problemas en ámbitos exclusivamente tecnológicos o digitales, asociados a la innovación, sino que se ha desplazado hacia la adaptación a un sistema cuyas limitaciones hay que respetar (Barreiro, 2020). Ampliando la concepción inicial de la praxis del diseño hacia un área estratégica centrada en el usuario con el objetivo de diseñar de acuerdo a los diversos escenarios futuros en un contexto cada vez más complejo, el diseño está en todas partes y requiere de una ecología humana y de un cambio social (Papanek, 2014). Los desafíos que plantea la compleja trama del mundo actual, implican que para la resolución de diversos problemas se deba salir del círculo cerrado de las disciplinas ya que ninguna de ellas es reducible al saber de una sola (Vilar, 1997), y tanto el diseño como las otras áreas del conocimiento (ingeniería, ciencia, arte) necesitan de esta intersección de saberes para lograr mejores respuestas a cada desafío.

In this research we will try to make explicit to what extent Being and Time is a kind of attempt to take up again, in a correct way, the original philosophical project that Kant unfolded in his Critique of Pure Reason. In order to justify our conjecture, we will focus especially on Heidegger’s Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics (1929). In this text we will find a controversial interpretation that the Meßkirch thinker developed of Immanuel Kant’s opus magnum. This interpretation could suggest that his Being and Time would not only be twinned with the Critique of Pure Reason, but that it would be a correct continuation of the path traced there by the philosopher from Königsberg., En esta investigación intentaremos explicitar hasta qué punto Ser y Tiempo es una suerte de tentativa por retomar, en forma correcta, el originario proyecto filosófico que Kant desplegó en su Crítica de la razón pura. Para lograr justificar nuestra conjetura nos centraremos especialmente en la obra de Heidegger Kant y el problema de la Metafísica (1929). En dicho texto nos encontraremos con una controvertida interpretación que el pensador de Meßkirch elaboró del opus magnum de Immanuel Kant. Interpretación que, justamente, podría sugerirnos que su Ser y Tiempo, no sólo estaría hermanado con la Crítica de la razón pura, sino que vendría a ser una correcta continuación del camino allí trazado por el filósofo de Königsberg.

This article aims to be an extension of the results presented in Ballesteros 2001. The analysis carried out there revealed that politeness is a culture-specific value which depends on the prevailing ethos of each society. Mitigation is an optional tool in order to soften the impositive force of a requestive act whose redressive function is exploited by many speakers who intend to be polite. The concern of this article will be the mitigating function of two kinds of devices: lexical or phrasal downgraders on the one hand, and syntactic downgraders on the other. The presence of such devices will be compared in the request realizations of two national samples constituted by Spanish and British native speakers.The requestive patterns have been extracted from sociopragmatically different situations. Among the issues to be considered are the specification of how contextual factors such as the interlocutors’ role, their rights and obligations, and the degree of imposition involved in the act influence the choice of lexical and syntactic downgraders. The conclusion is that mitigation cannot be considered a totally transferable phenomenon in both languages. The pragmatic implications derived from the observed variation in degree of usage and frequency in both corpora are also assessed.

364 p, El tema de estudio son dos libros de emblemas del siglo XVII: L. Anneo Séneca, ilustrado en blasones políticos, y morales, y su impugnador impugnado de sí mismo (1670) y Séneca juez de sí mismo (1684), que tratan las mismas 23 cuestiones. Estas cuestiones son refutacionesque escribió Alonso Núñez, quien criticó algunos escritos de Séneca, en el siglo XVII, y queresumió en 23 frases formuladas a modo de dilemas.Ambos libros se pueden incluir en el género de espejos, por cuanto van dirigidos a instruir al príncipe en su tarea de gobernar, pero también es un tratado de razón de Estado, pues se expone una teoría política, hacen además, una defensa de la figura y el pensamiento de Séneca. Los dos autores que estudiamos, Juan Baños de Velasco y Francisco de Zárraga, abordaron los mismos asuntos con diferentes emblemas y no siempre con los mismos argumentos. Se trata de hacer un análisis iconográfico comparado de ambas obras.

Despite its relevance, the language of medicine has not awakened a demand in the teaching of Spanish for Specific Purposes comparable to that experienced by other sectoral languages with global repercussions also. This is verified reviewing of the meritorious Medical Spanish manuals published to date, which address the different areas of Medical Spanish, moreover, from the perspective of a teaching general course. This article considers a barely explored specialty, Public Health, of great projection for the teaching of Spanish due to its intersectoral nature and international recognition. We propose for this discipline the general contents and activities related to its five areas (Epidemiology, Health Care Administration, Preventive Medicine, Environmental and Occupational Health and Health Promotion), and furthermore we achieve a proposal with the components and tasks assignments to develop three specific modules (epidemiology and cancer prevention, vaccines, and health of the elderly) within the scope linked to Preventive Medicine., Pese a su relevancia, el lenguaje de la medicina no ha despertado en la enseñanza del Español con Fines Específicos una demanda asimilable a la experimentada por otros lenguajes sectoriales con repercusiones también globales. Así se constata al revisarse los meritorios manuales de español de la medicina publicados hasta el momento, los cuales, además, abordan las distintas áreas de la sanidad española desde planteamientos de un curso generalista. El presente estudio tiene en cuenta una especialidad apenas explorada, la salud pública, de gran proyección para la enseñanza del español por su carácter intersectorial y reconocimiento internacional. Se proponen contenidos y actividades vinculados con sus cinco ámbitos de acción (epidemiología, administración sanitaria, medicina preventiva, salud ambiental y laboral y promoción de la salud), al tiempo que se proponen para el bloque relativo a la medicina preventiva componentes y tareas para desarrollar tres módulos específicos (epidemiología y prevención del cáncer, vacunas y salud de los adultos mayores)., Malgré son intérêt, le langage de la médecine n’a pas suscité, dans l’enseignement de l’espagnol à des fins spécifiques, une demande comparable à celle d’autres domaines sectoriels (les affaires, la finance ou le tourisme) ayant des répercussions importantes dans le monde globalisé. Ceci est vérifié par l’examen d’estimables manuels d’espagnol médical publiés à ce jour, qui traitent, par ailleurs, de différents domaines de la santé espagnole/ du système sanitaire espagnol dans une approche généraliste. Cet article se consacre à une spécialité peu explorée, la santé publique, de grande projection pour l’enseignement de l’espagnol en raison de sa nature intersectorielle et de sa reconnaissance internationale. On propose des contenus et des activités relevant de ses cinq domaines d’action (l’épidémiologie, l’administration de la santé, la médecine préventive, la santé environnementale et professionnelle et la promotion de la santé), tout en mettant en avant des contenus et les activités d’apprentissage afin de développer trois modules spécifiques (l’épidémiologie et la prévention du cancer, les vaccins et la santé des personnes âgées) dans le cadre de la médecine préventive.

The COVID-19 pandemic changed the professional practices in the communication sector. Before a situation of lockdown and extension of the health crisis, organizations and journalists had to adapt to a new situation where online press conferences became a usual tool to get information. This research aims to analyze the way that press offices use this resource and the opinion of journalists in Andalusia. For this purpose, this research follows a descriptive study based on a quantitative methodology with the survey as the main technique, answered by 188 journalists from all Andalusian provinces. Results show that online press conferences are a very useful tool both for organizations and journalists, although it also outlines certain concern for media journalists mostly about the necessity of accessing to the sources and the possibility of questioning the representatives when it is considered that they have avoided the answer., La pandemia de COVID-19 cambió las rutinas profesionales en el sector de la comunicación. Ante una situación de confinamiento y prolongación de la crisis sanitaria en el tiempo, organizaciones y periodistas tuvieron que adaptarse a una nueva situación en la que la rueda de prensa online se convirtió en un recurso habitual. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el uso de este recurso por parte de los gabinetes de comunicación y la percepción de los periodistas en Andalucía. Para ello, se ha planteado un estudio descriptivo basado en una metodología cuantitativa cuya principal técnica ha sido la encuesta, contestada por 188 periodistas de todas las provincias andaluzas. Los resultados muestran que la rueda de prensa online es un recurso de gran utilidad tanto para las organizaciones como para los periodistas, aunque plantea ciertas preocupaciones para estos profesionales, especialmente en el acceso a las fuentes y la posibilidad de repreguntar.

El presente documento plantea una reflexión sobre los estrechos límites que entorpecieron a mediados del siglo XVII el desarrollo de un estado fiscal-militar español, en concreto con respecto a la defensa marítima. Aunque la noción de la decadencia española constituya un tópico gastado, es innegable que la Corona de España afrontó para la década de 1640 un rosario de dificultades en sus intentos por recuperar sus exhaustas fuerzas navales, lo que resultó en una posición de relativo debilitamiento dentro de un contexto de rivalidad entre los imperios marítimos europeos. Al situar el foco en la experiencia del constructor y naviero José de Iriarte, el presente texto pretende ejemplificar la ruina que para entonces implicaban tales negocios.

This chapter presents a comparative study of mass grave exhumations carried out during the last decade in Spain, Poland and Bosnia. The victims buried in these mass graves were killed respectively during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), World War II and its aftermath (1940–1956), and the Yugoslav Wars of Dissolution in the 1990s. Within the framework of the Unsettling Remembering and Social Cohesion in Transnational Europe project and debates on the limits, features, evolution and potential intermingling of the memorial paradigms defined in this volume as antagonism, cosmopolitanism and agonism, mass grave exhumations are understood as the ground zero of European conflicts and their remembrance. They expose the bare violence inscribed upon corpses and skeletons, which has to be traumatically absorbed by the affected communities. Our analysis reveals the coexistence, dynamism, hybridization and fluidity of the actual deployment of the theoretical memory regimes under discussion on the ground through ethnographic fieldwork.