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U međusobnoj razmeni savremenih kulturoloških disciplina, muzičke prakse i njenih teorijskih platformi, doskora je najmanje učestvovala muzička pedagogija. Problematizujući ovaj nedostatak u srpskoj violinskoj pedagogiji, u radu je primenjena ideja otvorenog pristupa u istraživanju propustljivosti granica teorijskog sistema violinizma, kao posebne naučno-umetničke discipline. Koncept otvorenosti, kao metodski postupak u razradi teme, shvaćen je kao opšti princip promenljivosti, rekonstruktivnosti i fleksibilnosti. Primenljivost ovog metodskog modela zasnivala se na hipotezi da konceptualizacija osnovnih postulata violinske pedagogije može da omogući naturalizaciju i hibridizaciju znanja iz drugih umetnosti i nauka, kroz diskurs interdisciplinarnosti. Pretpostavka je bila i da uvođenje novih paradigmatskih diskursa u dosadašnje obrasce školovanja (koji su uslovljeni i specifičnim dispozitivima komponovanja i postmodernističkim poetikama izvođenja) ne bi poništilo ni jedan verifikovani protokol institucionalizovanog didaktičkog okvira. U srpskoj teorijskoj praksi sistem nastave violine razmatran je kroz pet naučno-umetničkih segmenata: istorijsko iskustvo, opštu pedagogiju i didaktiku, psihološke odrednice, psihomotorne senzacije i sredstva muzičko-umetničkog izražavanja. U kritičkom pristupu ovim temama, formirala se i osnovna teza rada: da poznavanje konvencionalnih postulata nastave violine predstavlja utoliko održiviji sistem, ukoliko liminalnost njegovih granica (kao rubni prostor) omogućava veću prohodnost vandisciplinarnih znanja i tehnika. Rekonstrukcijom cikličnog istorijskog toka violinske pedagogije u genealoški poredak; hibridizacijom progresivnog obrazovanja novim tehnikama psihopedagogije; uvidom u morfologiju senzomotornih aktivnosti i kontekstualizacijom muzičkog mišljenja, modeli nastave pokazali su potencijal predstavljanja kao sistema u pokretu. To je bio i cilj rada: ukazivanje na mogućnost unošenja invencija u konvencije teorija violinizma, čime b, Music pedagogy has until recently participated the leastin international exchange of contemporary and cultural disciplines, music practice and its theoretical platforms. By problematizing this shortcoming in Serbian violin pedagogy, this work has applied an idea an the open-approach in researching the permeability of theoretical system of violin studies, as a particular scientific and artistic discipline. The concept of openness is, as a methodological procedure in theme development, understood as a general principle of variability, reconstruction and flexibility. Application of this methodological model is based upon a hypothesis that the conceptualization of fundamental principles of violin pedagogy can provide knowledge naturalization and hybridization in other arts and sciences through the discourse of interdisciplinarity. An assumption was that the intervening of new paradigmatic discourses in present schooling patterns (which are conditioned by specific composing dispositions and postmodern performing poetics as well) would not discard any of verified procedures of institutional didactical setting. Violin teaching method in Serbian theoretical practice has been analyzed by five scientific and artistic approaches: historical experience, general pedagogy and didactics, psychological traits, psychomotor activities and musical and artistic skills. Critical approach to theaforementionedsubjects has created the primary thesis of this work: competence in conventional postulates of violin teaching presents a sustainable system, the more liminal its boundaries are. If understood as borderlines they can provide greater influence of extradisciplinary knowledge and technics. Reconstruction of cyclic historical flow of violin pedagogy into a genealogical order; hybridization of progressive education by new technics of psychopedagogy; insight into morphology of sensomotoric activities and contextualization of musical opinion have shown that teaching models can be presented

Achieving sustainability in constant development in every area in today's modern business has become a challenge on the one hand, and an imperative on the other. If the aspect of business excellence achievement is also added to it, the complexity of the system increases significantly, and it is necessary to model a system considering several parameters and satisfying the multi-criteria function. This paper develops a novel integrated model that involves the application of a subjective-objective model in order to achieve business sustainability and excellence. The model consists of fuzzy PIPRECIA (fuzzy pivot pairwise relative criteria importance Assessment) as a subjective method, CRITIC (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation) and I-distance method as objective methods. The goal is to take the advantages of these approaches and allow for more accurate and balanced (symmetric) decision-making through their integration. The integrated subjective-objective model has been applied in a narrow geographical area to consider and evaluate banks as a significant factor in improving the social aspect of sustainability. An additional contribution of the paper is a critical overview of multi-criteria problems in which the levels of the hierarchical structure contain a different (asymmetric) number of elements. A specific example has also been used to prove that only a hierarchical structure with an equal number of lower-level elements provides precise weights of criteria in accordance with the preferences of decision-makers referring to subjective models. The results obtained are verified throughout the calculation of Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients, and throughout a sensitivity analysis involving a dynamic reverse rank matrix.

U radu je analiziran odgovor lokalnih populacija tekunice u Vojvodini na promene uslova klime i korišćenja zemljišta. Odgovori populacija tekunice (tipičnog predstavnika otvorenih staništa i idealnog model organizma) na pomenute promene omogućiće razmatranje kako mere na regionalnom nivou: i) mogu unaprediti zaštitu i očuvanje tekunice ii) ublažiti efekti promene klime i korišćenja zemljišta iii) mogu usaglasiti razvoj poljoprivrede sa očuvanjem biodiverziteta travnatih ekosistema. Kako bi se odgovorilo na pitanja i postavljene hipoteze u radu sprovedeno je terensko istraživanje, korišćen standardni prostorni pristup i ekološko modelovanje. Sve primenjene tehnike su komplementarne jedna drugoj u dobijanju odgovora na postavljena pitanja gde rezultati jedne analize predstavljaju ulazne podatke za drugu analizu. U tezi su korišćeni podaci dobijeni na osnovu terenskog mapiranja lokalnih populacija i podaci iz eksperimenta modelovanja kao i serija podataka dobijena cenzusom kolonija tekunica i terenskim uzorkovanjem zemljišta i vegetacije. Rasprostranjenje populacija oblikuju klimatski uslovi ali pored abiotičkih faktora uslovljavaju ih i biotički faktori i kretanje jedinki. Promena klime direktno utiče na distribuciju optimalnih uslova. Istraženo je u kojoj meri će doći do promene u distribuciji optimalnih uslova sredine za tekunicu. Potencijalna promena analizirana je uzimajući u obzir klimatski scenario Max Plank Instituta sa tri rcp projekcije i tri generisana prostorna scenarijadistribucije otvorenih travnatih staništa u Vojvodini. Sagledavanje mogućih efekata promene sredinskih uslova dalo je mogućnost da se ukaže na zone koja će biti ključne za očuvanje populacija tekunica i travnatih ekosistema u Vojvodini. Sledeće, s obzirom da disperzija jedinki, dostupnost resursa kao i delovanje lokaln, The study analyzes the European ground squirrel (EGS) population response to land use and climate change in Vojvodina. The response of the EGS population (typical species of open grassland habitats and the ideal model organism) to changes in environmental conditions in this region will enable consideration of following measures at the local and landscape level: i) effective protection and conservation of the EGS and habitat it relay on; ii) climate change and land use mitigation and adaptation iii) how can we harmonize the development of agriculture and preserve the biodiversity of grassland ecosystem in agricultural settings. In order to answer the questions of this study, the field research was conducted, standard spatial approach and ecological modeling were employed. All applied techniques are complementary to one another in obtaining responses to the questions asked. The results of one analysis represent the input data for the following one. The data for the study were obtained: from EGS local populations’ field mapping, from the modeling experiment, the census campaigned and the field sampling of soil and vegetation. Distribution of populations, which in addition to abiotic factors are conditioned by biotic factors and movement of individuals were evaluated in the context of climate change. Climate change directly affects the distribution of optimalconditions. The potential changes in distribution of optimal environmental conditions for EGS were assessed by considering changes in abiotic factors and the availability of grasslands. The climate scenario obtained using a dynamic vegetation map with three rcp projections and three spatial scenarios for the distribution of open grasslands were used. The extrapolation of a suitable area obtained by presence only model Maxent gives the possibility to point to the zones that will be crucial f

Услови који владају у одређеном станишту дивљачи (ловишту) зависе од многих фактора. Ти фактори су храна, вода, тло, вегетација, мир у ловишту, клима и др. Основни предуслов одрживог газдовања ловиштем је и адекватна оцена свих фактора. То се ради у поступку бонитирања на основу чега се даље раде пројекције капацитета ловишта. У основи ове докторске дисертације је да у процес бонитирања укључи географске информационе системе. То подразумева приказ новог метода бонитирања који би користио ГИС. У оквиру дисертације је приказана методологија методе бонитирања применом ГИС-а, као и његова примена у истраживаном подручју - равничарском ловишту „Капетански рит“ Кањижа. На крају су презентовани резултати о анализи и оцени сваког од фактора, као и о могућој примениприликом утврђивања капацитета ловишта., Uslovi koji vladaju u određenom staništu divljači (lovištu) zavise od mnogih faktora. Ti faktori su hrana, voda, tlo, vegetacija, mir u lovištu, klima i dr. Osnovni preduslov održivog gazdovanja lovištem je i adekvatna ocena svih faktora. To se radi u postupku bonitiranja na osnovu čega se dalje rade projekcije kapaciteta lovišta. U osnovi ove doktorske disertacije je da u proces bonitiranja uključi geografske informacione sisteme. To podrazumeva prikaz novog metoda bonitiranja koji bi koristio GIS. U okviru disertacije je prikazana metodologija metode bonitiranja primenom GIS-a, kao i njegova primena u istraživanom području - ravničarskom lovištu „Kapetanski rit“ Kanjiža. Na kraju su prezentovani rezultati o analizi i oceni svakog od faktora, kao i o mogućoj primeniprilikom utvrđivanja kapaciteta lovišta., Game habitat quality depends on numerous natural and human-induced conditions. Recent researches have determined that available food, land cover, human disturbance, topography and climatic factors are essential factors. Its analysis is necessary for sustainable management of natural areas, including hunting grounds as game habitat. Hunting is an activity that is closely associated with forestry, water management, agriculture, tourism, etc. GIS is widely applied in the above-mentioned activities and therefore in the field of hunting. Past practice has shown that the classical methods for evaluating habitat factors involve a lot of subjectivity and often leads to unrealistic determination of hunting ground capacity. The aim of this dissertation is to assess evaluation of the essential factors fordetermination the capacity of hunting ground. Instead of the classical analyses, project proposes assessment of this factor using Geographic Information System (GIS) which have never been used for this purpose in hunting ground before. Researched area was hunting ground “Kapetanski rit” – Kanjiža, Serbia. Comparing classical methods for evaluating habitat factors and use of GIS for this purposes, obtained results indicate to adventages of new imrpoved GIS methodology

Услови који владају у одређеном станишту дивљачи (ловишту) зависе од многих фактора. Ти фактори су храна, вода, тло, вегетација, мир у ловишту, клима и др. Основни предуслов одрживог газдовања ловиштем је и адекватна оцена свих фактора. То се ради у поступку бонитирања на основу чега се даље раде пројекције капацитета ловишта. У основи ове докторске дисертације је да у процес бонитирања укључи географске информационе системе. То подразумева приказ новог метода бонитирања који би користио ГИС. У оквиру дисертације је приказана методологија методе бонитирања применом ГИС-а, као и његова примена у истраживаном подручју - равничарском ловишту „Капетански рит“ Кањижа. На крају су презентовани резултати о анализи и оцени сваког од фактора, као и о могућој примениприликом утврђивања капацитета ловишта., Uslovi koji vladaju u određenom staništu divljači (lovištu) zavise od mnogih faktora. Ti faktori su hrana, voda, tlo, vegetacija, mir u lovištu, klima i dr. Osnovni preduslov održivog gazdovanja lovištem je i adekvatna ocena svih faktora. To se radi u postupku bonitiranja na osnovu čega se dalje rade projekcije kapaciteta lovišta. U osnovi ove doktorske disertacije je da u proces bonitiranja uključi geografske informacione sisteme. To podrazumeva prikaz novog metoda bonitiranja koji bi koristio GIS. U okviru disertacije je prikazana metodologija metode bonitiranja primenom GIS-a, kao i njegova primena u istraživanom području - ravničarskom lovištu „Kapetanski rit“ Kanjiža. Na kraju su prezentovani rezultati o analizi i oceni svakog od faktora, kao i o mogućoj primeniprilikom utvrđivanja kapaciteta lovišta., Game habitat quality depends on numerous natural and human-induced conditions. Recent researches have determined that available food, land cover, human disturbance, topography and climatic factors are essential factors. Its analysis is necessary for sustainable management of natural areas, including hunting grounds as game habitat. Hunting is an activity that is closely associated with forestry, water management, agriculture, tourism, etc. GIS is widely applied in the above-mentioned activities and therefore in the field of hunting. Past practice has shown that the classical methods for evaluating habitat factors involve a lot of subjectivity and often leads to unrealistic determination of hunting ground capacity. The aim of this dissertation is to assess evaluation of the essential factors fordetermination the capacity of hunting ground. Instead of the classical analyses, project proposes assessment of this factor using Geographic Information System (GIS) which have never been used for this purpose in hunting ground before. Researched area was hunting ground “Kapetanski rit” – Kanjiža, Serbia. Comparing classical methods for evaluating habitat factors and use of GIS for this purposes, obtained results indicate to adventages of new imrpoved GIS methodology

Stress is a physiological reaction of an organism to a demand for change that is imposed by external factors or is coming from within by way of physiological strains or self-perceived mental and/or emotional threats (internal factors). It manifests itself through the sudden release of a flood of hormones, including corticosteroids, into the blood, which rouse the body for action. Normally, stress is beneficial, but when lasting or being very strong, it causes major damage to our mind and body. Despite intense research, we still do not understand fully how the stress response axis, whose main function is to respond to challenges while maintaining the normal physiological balance, loses under prolonged exposure to stressors its capacity to maintain homeostasis. Recent applications of mathematical modelling and dynamical systems theory have enabled us to emulate complex neurochemical transformations that underlie the stress response, and help us to acquire deeper understanding of this dynamical regulatory network.

Stress is a physiological reaction of an organism to a demand for change that is imposed by external factors or is coming from within by way of physiological strains or self-perceived mental and/or emotional threats (internal factors). It manifests itself through the sudden release of a flood of hormones, including corticosteroids, into the blood, which rouse the body for action. Normally, stress is beneficial, but when lasting or being very strong, it causes major damage to our mind and body. Despite intense research, we still do not understand fully how the stress response axis, whose main function is to respond to challenges while maintaining the normal physiological balance, loses under prolonged exposure to stressors its capacity to maintain homeostasis. Recent applications of mathematical modelling and dynamical systems theory have enabled us to emulate complex neurochemical transformations that underlie the stress response, and help us to acquire deeper understanding of this dynamical regulatory network.

Дифузионе коморе представљају jедноставаn начин мерења концентрације радона и торона у просторијама. Како би се одредила концентрација потребно је извршити калибрацију. Теориjски приступ је веома чест и омогућава одређивање калибрационе константе моделовањем. Tom приликом, често се уводe апроксимацијe која омогућавају једноставније решавање проблема. У овом раду је проучавана оправданост апроксимација: занемаривање дифузије кроз филтер папир на почетку коморе и промена концентрације радона и торона ван коморе у току времена. Показано је да апроксимације нису увек оправдане., Diffusion chamber presents simple device for measuring of radon and thoron in air. In order to determine concentration it is necessary to calibrate chamber. Theoretical approach for calibration is common and enables determination of calibration constant. During modeling of real chamber, many approximations are introduced in order to simplify problem. In this work validation of some simplifications was investigated. Of interest is to see if filter paper (which is excluded in general case) on top of the chamber influence on radon and thoron concentration in chamber. Another goal is to see if non constant concentration (which is taken to be constant in general case) of radon and thoron outside of chamber influence on distributions of radon, thoron and their progeny inside of chamber. Obtained results lead on disputable justifications of above simplifications which cannot be neglected in general case.

U ovom radu razvijen je model i programski kod za formiranje difrackione slike svetlosti, koja prolazi kroz tragove u čvrstim trag detektorima. Prostiranje svetlostnog talasa, koji prolazi kroz trag, modelovan je na osnovu Hajgens-Frenolovog principa. Napisan je programski kod da se ispita promena difrackione slike svetlosti u zavisnosti od promene parametara traga. Cilj rada je da se na osnovu difrackione slike traga odrede parametri traga čestice u trag detektorima., The model and program code for creation of diffraction pattern of the light, when passes through track in solid state track detectors were developed in the paper. Wave-light was modelled according to Huygens-Fresnel principle. The program code was developed for correlation of diffraction pattern and track parameters. The developed model can be applied for analysis of tracks in track detectors.

UVOD: Uspešnost revaskularizacije aortoilijačne bolesti procenjuje se prohodnošću (patentnošću) nakon revaskularizacije i brojem komplikacija. Osnovni cilj ove studije je bio utvrditi da li postoji razlika u učestalosti komplikacija, prohodnosti (patentnosti) i uticaj prohodnosti arterija donjeg vaskularnog korita na rekonstrukcije aortoilijačne bolesti nakon lečenja endovaskularnim i klasičnim hirurškim pristupom. MATERIJAL I METODOLOGIJA: uzorak je činilo 229 bolesnika lečenih od aortoilijačne bolesti koji su pripadali TASC-u B i C a nakon procene prohodnosti femoropoplitealnog segmenta kao i broja prohodnih potkolenih arterija, bolesnici su stratifikovani u dve glavne grupe a svaka grupa od po tri podgrupe prema kvalitetu utočnog korita. Prvu grupu čine bolesnici sa jednoetažnom ili multiplim kraćim lezijama aortoilijačne signifikantne stenoze, sa ne signifikantnom aortoilijačnom stenozom i sa aortoilijačnom okluzijom. Drugu grupu čine bolesnici sa višeetažnom aortoilijačnom signifikantnom stenozom uz signifikantnu femoropoplitealnu stenozu i/ili popliteokruralnu stenozu. Studija je kreirana kao retrospektivna i prospektivna gde smo pratili rezultate revaskularizacije endovaskularnim procedurama i klasičnim hirurškim pristupom. REZULTATI: Računanjem Mahalanobisove distance između homogenost jednoetažne, multiplih kraćih lezija i višeetažne aortoilijačne bolesti kod ispitivanih bolesnika dobija se najmanje rastojanje između homogenost jednoetažne, multiplih kraćih lezija i višeetažne aortoilijačne bolesti zato smo se i rukovodili da jednoetažne lezije, multiple kraće lezije tretiramo endovaskularnim procedurama a višeetažne lezije klasičnim hirurškim pristupom. Nije bilo statističke značajne razlike među komplikacijama endovaskularnih procedura i klasičnog hirurškog pristupa p>0,1. U lečenju aortoilijačne bolesti endovakularne procedure imaju manji broj bolničkih dana, podjednaku primarnu asistiranu patentnost ali nešto slabiju primarnu patentnost u odnosu na klas, BACKGROUND. The effectiveness of revascularization aortoiliac occlusive disease is the estimated patency after revascularization and is connected to the number of complications. The main objective of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of complications and patency of lower artery vascular tree on the reconstruction aortoiliac occlusive disease after treatment of endovascular and conventional surgical approach. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: The sample consisted of 229 patients treated for the aortoiliac occlusive disease who belonged in TASC B and C after a mobility assessment of the femoropopliteal segment and the number of walk-on below knee arteries, patients were stratified into two groups and each group of three subgroups according to the quality of the inflow. The first group consists of patients with one storey or multiple shorter lesions, and aortoiliac significant stenosis with aortoiliac not as significant stenosis and occlusion aortoiliac. The second group consists of patients with multi-floor aortoiliac significant stenosis with a significant femoropopliteal stenosis and/or popliteocrural stenosis. The study was designed as a retrospective and prospective study, where we track the results of endovascular revascularization procedures and compare to the conventional surgical approach. RESULTS: By calculating the Mahalanobis distance between the homogeneity of one story, multiple lesions and multi-storey short aortoiliac occlusive disease the studied patients received a minimum distance between the homogeneity of one story, multiple lesions and multi-storey short aortoiliac disease, multiple lesions treated fewer endovascular procedures and multi-storey lesions than a classical surgical approach. There were no statistically significant differences among the complications of endovascular procedures and classic surgical approach p> 0.1. The patients treated with aortoiliac (endovascular) procedure have fewer hospital days, eq

Predmet istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije je ispitivanje uticaja etanola na dinamička stanja biohemijskih procesa koji čine hipotalamo-hipofizno-adrenalnu osu (HPA, od eng. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal). HPA osa objedinjuje hipotalamus, hipofizu i koru nadbubrežnih žlezda u jednu celinu..., The research topic of this doctoral thesis is to examine the influence of ethanol on the dynamical states of biochemical processes underlying the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. HPA axis incorporates the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands into one entity...

Stress and alcohol use are interrelatedstress contributes to the initiation and upholding of alcohol use and alcohol use alters the way we perceive and respond to stress. Intricate mechanisms through which ethanol alters the organism's response to stress remain elusive. We have developed a stoichiometric network model to succinctly describe neurochemical transformations underlying the stress response axis and use numerical simulations to model ethanol effects on complex daily changes of blood levels of cholesterol, 6 peptide and 8 steroid hormones. Modelling suggests that ethanol alters the dynamical regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity by affecting the amplitude of ultradian oscillations of HPA axis hormones, which defines the threshold with respect to which the response to stress is being set. These effects are complexlow/moderate acute ethanol challenge ( LT 8mM) may reduce, leave unaltered or increase the amplitude of ultradian cortisol (CORT) oscillations, giving rise to an intricate response at the organism level, offering also a potential explanation as to why apparently discordant results were observed in experimental studies. In contrast, high-dose acute ethanol challenge (> 8mM) increases instantaneous CORT levels and the amplitude of ultradian CORT oscillations in a dose-dependent manner, affecting the HPA axis activity also during the following day(s). Chronic exposure to ethanol qualitatively changes the HPA axis dynamics, whereas ethanol at intoxicating levels shuts down this dynamic regulation mechanism. Mathematical modelling gives a quantitative biology-based framework that can be used for predicting how the integral HPA axis response is perturbed by alcohol.

Current research details methodological framework for the land planning of the recreational activities based on ecologic approach. Human impacts on landscapes caused by touristic activities should be in accordance with sustainability level, i.e. without changing natural landscape elements, their function and processes, as well as environmental quality. Region of Štiavnické Bane in Slovakia represents a case study area that is completely under nature and landscape conservation. The methodological framework for the planning of recreational activities is based on the methodology of ecologic carrying capacity which is implemented by the Landscape ecological planning. The main result from this work is suitable tourism activities determined by the ecological approach. Methodological steps include spatial analysis, interpretation, evaluations and propositions which were suggested for recreational activities. The most suitable activities for winter periods are downhill skiing, cross-country skiing and winter tourism. For the summer period the best activities are the following ones: hiking, water sports and recreational activities linked to watering and sport fishing. The most suitable activities for the year-round period are service facilities and therapeutic recreational facilities. This sum of the activities represents the level of the land using that has not any negative environmental impac, SCOPUS ar.j. Web of Science ar.j., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Stress and alcohol use are interrelatedstress contributes to the initiation and upholding of alcohol use and alcohol use alters the way we perceive and respond to stress. Intricate mechanisms through which ethanol alters the organism's response to stress remain elusive. We have developed a stoichiometric network model to succinctly describe neurochemical transformations underlying the stress response axis and use numerical simulations to model ethanol effects on complex daily changes of blood levels of cholesterol, 6 peptide and 8 steroid hormones. Modelling suggests that ethanol alters the dynamical regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity by affecting the amplitude of ultradian oscillations of HPA axis hormones, which defines the threshold with respect to which the response to stress is being set. These effects are complexlow/moderate acute ethanol challenge ( LT 8mM) may reduce, leave unaltered or increase the amplitude of ultradian cortisol (CORT) oscillations, giving rise to an intricate response at the organism level, offering also a potential explanation as to why apparently discordant results were observed in experimental studies. In contrast, high-dose acute ethanol challenge (> 8mM) increases instantaneous CORT levels and the amplitude of ultradian CORT oscillations in a dose-dependent manner, affecting the HPA axis activity also during the following day(s). Chronic exposure to ethanol qualitatively changes the HPA axis dynamics, whereas ethanol at intoxicating levels shuts down this dynamic regulation mechanism. Mathematical modelling gives a quantitative biology-based framework that can be used for predicting how the integral HPA axis response is perturbed by alcohol.

The subject of research in this paper is the vertical distribution of the 137Cs in undisturbed soil. The presence of the 137Cs in the soil is largely a result of the Chernobyl’s accident, which occurred in 1986. Soil samples were taken in central Serbia, in the surroundings of the city of Kragujevac during year 2001. Specific activities of the 137Cs in soil samples were measured by gamma spectrometric method using coaxial germanium detector HPGe. Fifteen years after the Chernobyl accident the largest activity of the 137Cs is within 10 cm of the upper layer of the soil. The obtained result shows that the migration of Cs in soil is a very slow process., Predmet istraživanja u ovom radu je vertikalna raspodela koncentracije 137Cs u tlu. Prisustvo 137Cs u tlu je u najvećoj meri posledica akcidenta u Černobilju, koji se dogodio 1986. godine. Uzorci zemlje su uzimani na teritoriji centralne Srbije, u okolini Kragujevca u toku 2011. godine. Specifična aktivnost 137Cs u uzorcima tla je merena gama-spektrometrijskom metodom pomoću poluprovodničkog germanijumskog detektora. Nađeno je da je najveća aktivnost 137Cs u površinskom sloju tla od 10 cm. Dobijeni rezultat pokazuje da je migracija 137Cs veoma spor proces

Аутоматизована картографска генерализација је од великог значаја у картографији, а правих решења још увек нема. Картографска ге­ нерализација полигона и категоријских карата представља веома комплексан проблем, а предложена решења налазе се углавном на концептуалном нивоу. Метода представљена у овој докторској ди­сертацији представља општи приступ аутоматизованој картограф­ској генерализацији категоријских карата применом ГИС софтвера. Као резултат смањења размера, неки од полигона postaju исувише мали да би били приказани у циљаном размеру тако да се морају уклонити, а њихово место ће заузети нека друга појава. Највећи изазов представља смањење семантичких грешака и минимизирање промене удела класа полигона тако да карта више одговара реалности на терену. То је остварено груписањем полигона исте класе, тако што се врши њихово измештање и стапање. На овај начин,одређени број малих полигона који би били елиминисани постају полигони са довољном површином. Други начин мањења грешака је стапање полигона, који имају недовољну површину, са већим полигонима који су им тематски слични. Такође је представљена и метода за откривање и елиминисање уских делова полигона. Све ове методе моrу бити искоришћене за израду било које категориј­ске карте (нпр. климатске, педолошке, карте употребе земљишта, земљишног покривача, геолошке карте итд.) на основу дигиталног модела предела. Посебан софтвер је развијен за измештање градив­них ћелија полигона ипи прецизније њихових центара. Додатни програм је аправљен за решавање проблема уских коридора код полигона. Модел удруживања је направљен у QGIS-y, а модел ста­пања у PostGIS-y, слободном софтверу, отвореног кода. Резултати показују да је изабрани приступ успешан., Automatizovana kartografska generalizacija je od velikog značaja u kartografiji, a pravih rešenja još uvek nema. Kartografska ge­ neralizacija poligona i kategorijskih karata predstavlja veoma kompleksan problem, a predložena rešenja nalaze se uglavnom na konceptualnom nivou. Metoda predstavljena u ovoj doktorskoj di­sertaciji predstavlja opšti pristup automatizovanoj kartograf­skoj generalizaciji kategorijskih karata primenom GIS softvera. Kao rezultat smanjenja razmera, neki od poligona postaju isuviše mali da bi bili prikazani u ciljanom razmeru tako da se moraju ukloniti, a njihovo mesto će zauzeti neka druga pojava. Najveći izazov predstavlja smanjenje semantičkih grešaka i minimiziranje promene udela klasa poligona tako da karta više odgovara realnosti na terenu. To je ostvareno grupisanjem poligona iste klase, tako što se vrši njihovo izmeštanje i stapanje. Na ovaj način,određeni broj malih poligona koji bi bili eliminisani postaju poligoni sa dovoljnom površinom. Drugi način manjenja grešaka je stapanje poligona, koji imaju nedovoljnu površinu, sa većim poligonima koji su im tematski slični. Takođe je predstavljena i metoda za otkrivanje i eliminisanje uskih delova poligona. Sve ove metode moru biti iskorišćene za izradu bilo koje kategorij­ske karte (npr. klimatske, pedološke, karte upotrebe zemljišta, zemljišnog pokrivača, geološke karte itd.) na osnovu digitalnog modela predela. Poseban softver je razvijen za izmeštanje gradiv­nih ćelija poligona ipi preciznije njihovih centara. Dodatni program je apravljen za rešavanje problema uskih koridora kod poligona. Model udruživanja je napravljen u QGIS-y, a model sta­panja u PostGIS-y, slobodnom softveru, otvorenog koda. Rezultati pokazuju da je izabrani pristup uspešan., Automated cartographic geпeralizatioп is of great importaпce iп cartography апd real solutioпs are still lackiпg. Cartographic geп­eralizatioп of polygoпs апd categorical maps is а high complexity problem апd solutioпs for it аге maiпly proposed оп а coпceptual level. The method iпtroduced iп this PhD thesis preseпts а geпeral approach to automated cartographic geпeralizatioп of categorical maps usiпg GIS software. As а coпsequeпce of scale reductioп some of the polygoпs аге becomiпg too small for the target scale апd must bе removed, so the other feature takes its place оп the map. The biggest challeпge was to Lesseп semaпtic errors апd miп­ imize the chaпge of share of feature classes so the map better correspoпds to the reality оп the grouпd. This is achieved bу group-iпg polygoпs of the same class bу displaciпg апd mergiпg them. lп this way the пumber of small polygoпs which should bе elimiпated become опеs with sufficieпt агеа. The other way of lesseпiпg errors are mergiпg polygoпs with iпsufficieпt area with а larger adjaceпt objects that is thematically similar. The method for detectiпg апd elimiпatiпg пarrow sectioпs of polygoпs are also proposed.All those methods could bе used for deriviпg апу categorical map (e.g. climate, soil, laпd use, laпd cover, geological map etc.) from digital laпdscape model. Specific software is developed for displaciпg polygoпs structural cells or more precisely their ceпters. The other software is made for dealiпg with polygoп пarrow sectioпs. The aggregatioп model is desigпed iп QGIS апd the mergiпg model is desigпed iп PostGIS, both free апd ореп source software. The results show that the choseп approach is successful.

Аутоматизована картографска генерализација је од великог значаја у картографији, а правих решења још увек нема. Картографска ге­ нерализација полигона и категоријских карата представља веома комплексан проблем, а предложена решења налазе се углавном на концептуалном нивоу. Метода представљена у овој докторској ди­сертацији представља општи приступ аутоматизованој картограф­ској генерализацији категоријских карата применом ГИС софтвера. Као резултат смањења размера, неки од полигона postaju исувише мали да би били приказани у циљаном размеру тако да се морају уклонити, а њихово место ће заузети нека друга појава. Највећи изазов представља смањење семантичких грешака и минимизирање промене удела класа полигона тако да карта више одговара реалности на терену. То је остварено груписањем полигона исте класе, тако што се врши њихово измештање и стапање. На овај начин,одређени број малих полигона који би били елиминисани постају полигони са довољном површином. Други начин мањења грешака је стапање полигона, који имају недовољну површину, са већим полигонима који су им тематски слични. Такође је представљена и метода за откривање и елиминисање уских делова полигона. Све ове методе моrу бити искоришћене за израду било које категориј­ске карте (нпр. климатске, педолошке, карте употребе земљишта, земљишног покривача, геолошке карте итд.) на основу дигиталног модела предела. Посебан софтвер је развијен за измештање градив­них ћелија полигона ипи прецизније њихових центара. Додатни програм је аправљен за решавање проблема уских коридора код полигона. Модел удруживања је направљен у QGIS-y, а модел ста­пања у PostGIS-y, слободном софтверу, отвореног кода. Резултати показују да је изабрани приступ успешан., Automatizovana kartografska generalizacija je od velikog značaja u kartografiji, a pravih rešenja još uvek nema. Kartografska ge­ neralizacija poligona i kategorijskih karata predstavlja veoma kompleksan problem, a predložena rešenja nalaze se uglavnom na konceptualnom nivou. Metoda predstavljena u ovoj doktorskoj di­sertaciji predstavlja opšti pristup automatizovanoj kartograf­skoj generalizaciji kategorijskih karata primenom GIS softvera. Kao rezultat smanjenja razmera, neki od poligona postaju isuviše mali da bi bili prikazani u ciljanom razmeru tako da se moraju ukloniti, a njihovo mesto će zauzeti neka druga pojava. Najveći izazov predstavlja smanjenje semantičkih grešaka i minimiziranje promene udela klasa poligona tako da karta više odgovara realnosti na terenu. To je ostvareno grupisanjem poligona iste klase, tako što se vrši njihovo izmeštanje i stapanje. Na ovaj način,određeni broj malih poligona koji bi bili eliminisani postaju poligoni sa dovoljnom površinom. Drugi način manjenja grešaka je stapanje poligona, koji imaju nedovoljnu površinu, sa većim poligonima koji su im tematski slični. Takođe je predstavljena i metoda za otkrivanje i eliminisanje uskih delova poligona. Sve ove metode moru biti iskorišćene za izradu bilo koje kategorij­ske karte (npr. klimatske, pedološke, karte upotrebe zemljišta, zemljišnog pokrivača, geološke karte itd.) na osnovu digitalnog modela predela. Poseban softver je razvijen za izmeštanje gradiv­nih ćelija poligona ipi preciznije njihovih centara. Dodatni program je apravljen za rešavanje problema uskih koridora kod poligona. Model udruživanja je napravljen u QGIS-y, a model sta­panja u PostGIS-y, slobodnom softveru, otvorenog koda. Rezultati pokazuju da je izabrani pristup uspešan., Automated cartographic geпeralizatioп is of great importaпce iп cartography апd real solutioпs are still lackiпg. Cartographic geп­eralizatioп of polygoпs апd categorical maps is а high complexity problem апd solutioпs for it аге maiпly proposed оп а coпceptual level. The method iпtroduced iп this PhD thesis preseпts а geпeral approach to automated cartographic geпeralizatioп of categorical maps usiпg GIS software. As а coпsequeпce of scale reductioп some of the polygoпs аге becomiпg too small for the target scale апd must bе removed, so the other feature takes its place оп the map. The biggest challeпge was to Lesseп semaпtic errors апd miп­ imize the chaпge of share of feature classes so the map better correspoпds to the reality оп the grouпd. This is achieved bу group-iпg polygoпs of the same class bу displaciпg апd mergiпg them. lп this way the пumber of small polygoпs which should bе elimiпated become опеs with sufficieпt агеа. The other way of lesseпiпg errors are mergiпg polygoпs with iпsufficieпt area with а larger adjaceпt objects that is thematically similar. The method for detectiпg апd elimiпatiпg пarrow sectioпs of polygoпs are also proposed.All those methods could bе used for deriviпg апу categorical map (e.g. climate, soil, laпd use, laпd cover, geological map etc.) from digital laпdscape model. Specific software is developed for displaciпg polygoпs structural cells or more precisely their ceпters. The other software is made for dealiпg with polygoп пarrow sectioпs. The aggregatioп model is desigпed iп QGIS апd the mergiпg model is desigпed iп PostGIS, both free апd ореп source software. The results show that the choseп approach is successful.

Аутоматизована картографска генерализација је од великог значаја у картографији, а правих решења још увек нема. Картографска ге­ нерализација полигона и категоријских карата представља веома комплексан проблем, а предложена решења налазе се углавном на концептуалном нивоу. Метода представљена у овој докторској ди­сертацији представља општи приступ аутоматизованој картограф­ској генерализацији категоријских карата применом ГИС софтвера. Као резултат смањења размера, неки од полигона postaju исувише мали да би били приказани у циљаном размеру тако да се морају уклонити, а њихово место ће заузети нека друга појава. Највећи изазов представља смањење семантичких грешака и минимизирање промене удела класа полигона тако да карта више одговара реалности на терену. То је остварено груписањем полигона исте класе, тако што се врши њихово измештање и стапање. На овај начин,одређени број малих полигона који би били елиминисани постају полигони са довољном површином. Други начин мањења грешака је стапање полигона, који имају недовољну површину, са већим полигонима који су им тематски слични. Такође је представљена и метода за откривање и елиминисање уских делова полигона. Све ове методе моrу бити искоришћене за израду било које категориј­ске карте (нпр. климатске, педолошке, карте употребе земљишта, земљишног покривача, геолошке карте итд.) на основу дигиталног модела предела. Посебан софтвер је развијен за измештање градив­них ћелија полигона ипи прецизније њихових центара. Додатни програм је аправљен за решавање проблема уских коридора код полигона. Модел удруживања је направљен у QGIS-y, а модел ста­пања у PostGIS-y, слободном софтверу, отвореног кода. Резултати показују да је изабрани приступ успешан., Automatizovana kartografska generalizacija je od velikog značaja u kartografiji, a pravih rešenja još uvek nema. Kartografska ge­ neralizacija poligona i kategorijskih karata predstavlja veoma kompleksan problem, a predložena rešenja nalaze se uglavnom na konceptualnom nivou. Metoda predstavljena u ovoj doktorskoj di­sertaciji predstavlja opšti pristup automatizovanoj kartograf­skoj generalizaciji kategorijskih karata primenom GIS softvera. Kao rezultat smanjenja razmera, neki od poligona postaju isuviše mali da bi bili prikazani u ciljanom razmeru tako da se moraju ukloniti, a njihovo mesto će zauzeti neka druga pojava. Najveći izazov predstavlja smanjenje semantičkih grešaka i minimiziranje promene udela klasa poligona tako da karta više odgovara realnosti na terenu. To je ostvareno grupisanjem poligona iste klase, tako što se vrši njihovo izmeštanje i stapanje. Na ovaj način,određeni broj malih poligona koji bi bili eliminisani postaju poligoni sa dovoljnom površinom. Drugi način manjenja grešaka je stapanje poligona, koji imaju nedovoljnu površinu, sa većim poligonima koji su im tematski slični. Takođe je predstavljena i metoda za otkrivanje i eliminisanje uskih delova poligona. Sve ove metode moru biti iskorišćene za izradu bilo koje kategorij­ske karte (npr. klimatske, pedološke, karte upotrebe zemljišta, zemljišnog pokrivača, geološke karte itd.) na osnovu digitalnog modela predela. Poseban softver je razvijen za izmeštanje gradiv­nih ćelija poligona ipi preciznije njihovih centara. Dodatni program je apravljen za rešavanje problema uskih koridora kod poligona. Model udruživanja je napravljen u QGIS-y, a model sta­panja u PostGIS-y, slobodnom softveru, otvorenog koda. Rezultati pokazuju da je izabrani pristup uspešan., Automated cartographic geпeralizatioп is of great importaпce iп cartography апd real solutioпs are still lackiпg. Cartographic geп­eralizatioп of polygoпs апd categorical maps is а high complexity problem апd solutioпs for it аге maiпly proposed оп а coпceptual level. The method iпtroduced iп this PhD thesis preseпts а geпeral approach to automated cartographic geпeralizatioп of categorical maps usiпg GIS software. As а coпsequeпce of scale reductioп some of the polygoпs аге becomiпg too small for the target scale апd must bе removed, so the other feature takes its place оп the map. The biggest challeпge was to Lesseп semaпtic errors апd miп­ imize the chaпge of share of feature classes so the map better correspoпds to the reality оп the grouпd. This is achieved bу group-iпg polygoпs of the same class bу displaciпg апd mergiпg them. lп this way the пumber of small polygoпs which should bе elimiпated become опеs with sufficieпt агеа. The other way of lesseпiпg errors are mergiпg polygoпs with iпsufficieпt area with а larger adjaceпt objects that is thematically similar. The method for detectiпg апd elimiпatiпg пarrow sectioпs of polygoпs are also proposed.All those methods could bе used for deriviпg апу categorical map (e.g. climate, soil, laпd use, laпd cover, geological map etc.) from digital laпdscape model. Specific software is developed for displaciпg polygoпs structural cells or more precisely their ceпters. The other software is made for dealiпg with polygoп пarrow sectioпs. The aggregatioп model is desigпed iп QGIS апd the mergiпg model is desigпed iп PostGIS, both free апd ореп source software. The results show that the choseп approach is successful.

Аутоматизована картографска генерализација је од великог значаја у картографији, а правих решења још увек нема. Картографска ге­ нерализација полигона и категоријских карата представља веома комплексан проблем, а предложена решења налазе се углавном на концептуалном нивоу. Метода представљена у овој докторској ди­сертацији представља општи приступ аутоматизованој картограф­ској генерализацији категоријских карата применом ГИС софтвера. Као резултат смањења размера, неки од полигона postaju исувише мали да би били приказани у циљаном размеру тако да се морају уклонити, а њихово место ће заузети нека друга појава. Највећи изазов представља смањење семантичких грешака и минимизирање промене удела класа полигона тако да карта више одговара реалности на терену. То је остварено груписањем полигона исте класе, тако што се врши њихово измештање и стапање. На овај начин,одређени број малих полигона који би били елиминисани постају полигони са довољном површином. Други начин мањења грешака је стапање полигона, који имају недовољну површину, са већим полигонима који су им тематски слични. Такође је представљена и метода за откривање и елиминисање уских делова полигона. Све ове методе моrу бити искоришћене за израду било које категориј­ске карте (нпр. климатске, педолошке, карте употребе земљишта, земљишног покривача, геолошке карте итд.) на основу дигиталног модела предела. Посебан софтвер је развијен за измештање градив­них ћелија полигона ипи прецизније њихових центара. Додатни програм је аправљен за решавање проблема уских коридора код полигона. Модел удруживања је направљен у QGIS-y, а модел ста­пања у PostGIS-y, слободном софтверу, отвореног кода. Резултати показују да је изабрани приступ успешан., Automatizovana kartografska generalizacija je od velikog značaja u kartografiji, a pravih rešenja još uvek nema. Kartografska ge­ neralizacija poligona i kategorijskih karata predstavlja veoma kompleksan problem, a predložena rešenja nalaze se uglavnom na konceptualnom nivou. Metoda predstavljena u ovoj doktorskoj di­sertaciji predstavlja opšti pristup automatizovanoj kartograf­skoj generalizaciji kategorijskih karata primenom GIS softvera. Kao rezultat smanjenja razmera, neki od poligona postaju isuviše mali da bi bili prikazani u ciljanom razmeru tako da se moraju ukloniti, a njihovo mesto će zauzeti neka druga pojava. Najveći izazov predstavlja smanjenje semantičkih grešaka i minimiziranje promene udela klasa poligona tako da karta više odgovara realnosti na terenu. To je ostvareno grupisanjem poligona iste klase, tako što se vrši njihovo izmeštanje i stapanje. Na ovaj način,određeni broj malih poligona koji bi bili eliminisani postaju poligoni sa dovoljnom površinom. Drugi način manjenja grešaka je stapanje poligona, koji imaju nedovoljnu površinu, sa većim poligonima koji su im tematski slični. Takođe je predstavljena i metoda za otkrivanje i eliminisanje uskih delova poligona. Sve ove metode moru biti iskorišćene za izradu bilo koje kategorij­ske karte (npr. klimatske, pedološke, karte upotrebe zemljišta, zemljišnog pokrivača, geološke karte itd.) na osnovu digitalnog modela predela. Poseban softver je razvijen za izmeštanje gradiv­nih ćelija poligona ipi preciznije njihovih centara. Dodatni program je apravljen za rešavanje problema uskih koridora kod poligona. Model udruživanja je napravljen u QGIS-y, a model sta­panja u PostGIS-y, slobodnom softveru, otvorenog koda. Rezultati pokazuju da je izabrani pristup uspešan., Automated cartographic geпeralizatioп is of great importaпce iп cartography апd real solutioпs are still lackiпg. Cartographic geп­eralizatioп of polygoпs апd categorical maps is а high complexity problem апd solutioпs for it аге maiпly proposed оп а coпceptual level. The method iпtroduced iп this PhD thesis preseпts а geпeral approach to automated cartographic geпeralizatioп of categorical maps usiпg GIS software. As а coпsequeпce of scale reductioп some of the polygoпs аге becomiпg too small for the target scale апd must bе removed, so the other feature takes its place оп the map. The biggest challeпge was to Lesseп semaпtic errors апd miп­ imize the chaпge of share of feature classes so the map better correspoпds to the reality оп the grouпd. This is achieved bу group-iпg polygoпs of the same class bу displaciпg апd mergiпg them. lп this way the пumber of small polygoпs which should bе elimiпated become опеs with sufficieпt агеа. The other way of lesseпiпg errors are mergiпg polygoпs with iпsufficieпt area with а larger adjaceпt objects that is thematically similar. The method for detectiпg апd elimiпatiпg пarrow sectioпs of polygoпs are also proposed.All those methods could bе used for deriviпg апу categorical map (e.g. climate, soil, laпd use, laпd cover, geological map etc.) from digital laпdscape model. Specific software is developed for displaciпg polygoпs structural cells or more precisely their ceпters. The other software is made for dealiпg with polygoп пarrow sectioпs. The aggregatioп model is desigпed iп QGIS апd the mergiпg model is desigпed iп PostGIS, both free апd ореп source software. The results show that the choseп approach is successful.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a dynamic regulatory network of biochemical reactions that integrates and synchronizes the nervous and the endocrine systems functions at the organism level. In order to describe how this vast network of biochemical interactions operates, we have developed a nonlinear eleven-dimensional stoichiometric model that concisely describes key biochemical transformations that comprise the HPA axis in rats. In a stoichiometric model of a biochemical system, the outcomes of complex biochemical pathways are succinctly described by stoichiometric relations. In this representation, substances that initiate, i.e. enter a pathway are regarded to behave as reactants; substances that are generated in a pathway are regarded to behave as products; and the rates at which products of a pathway appear are jointly proportional to the concentrations of the reactants. In order to derive rate constants for specific biochemical reaction pathways, we have resorted to our recently developed nonlinear reaction model that concisely describes biochemical transformations in the HPA axis in humans. In this way, a mathematical framework is developed to describe in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) the integration of biochemical pathways that constitute the HPA axis on chemical kinetics basis. This, in turn, allows us to use numerical simulations to investigate how the underlying biochemical pathways are intertwined to give an integral HPA axis response at the organism level to a variety of external or internal perturbators of the HPA dynamics. Given that the HPA axis is a nonlinear dynamical network, its response is complex and often cannot be intuitively predicted, stoichiometric modeling can be harnessed for gaining additional insights into dynamical functioning of this complex neuroendocrine system.

A mathematical model of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with cholesterol as a dynamical variable was derived to investigate the effects of cholesterol, the primary precursor of all steroid hormones, on the ultradian and circadian HPA axis activity. To develop the model, the parameter space was systematically examined by stoichiometric network analysis to identify conditions for ultradian oscillations, determine conditions under which dynamic transitions, i.e. bifurcations occur and identify bifurcation types. The bifurcations were further characterized using numerical simulations. Model predictions agree well with empirical findings reported in the literature, indicating that cholesterol levels may critically affect the global dynamics of the HPA axis. The proposed model provides a base for better understanding of experimental observations, it may be used as a tool for designing experiments and offers useful insights into the characteristics of basic dynamic regulatory mechanisms that, when impaired, may lead to the development of some modern-lifestyle-associated diseases.

Dynamic properties of a nonlinear five-dimensional stoichiometric model of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were systematically investigated. Conditions under which qualitative transitions between dynamic states occur are determined by independently varying the rate constants of all reactions that constitute the model. Bifurcation types were further characterized using continuation algorithms and scale factor methods. Regions of bistability and transitions through supercritical Andronov-Hopf and saddle loop bifurcations were identified. Dynamic state analysis predicts that the HPA axis operates under basal (healthy) physiological conditions close to an Andronov-Hopf bifurcation. Dynamic properties of the stress-control axis have not been characterized experimentally, but modelling suggests that the proximity to a supercritical Andronov-Hopf bifurcation can give the HPA axis both, flexibility to respond to external stimuli and adjust to new conditions and stability, i.e., the capacity to return to the original dynamic state afterwards, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis. The analysis presented here reflects the properties of a low-dimensional model that succinctly describes neurochemical transformations underlying the HPA axis. However, the model accounts correctly for a number of experimentally observed properties of the stress-response axis. We therefore regard that the presented analysis is meaningful, showing how in silico investigations can be used to guide the experimentalists in understanding how the HPA axis activity changes under chronic disease and/or specific pharmacological manipulations.

Urban climate monitoring system (UCMS) was established in Novi Sad (Serbia) in 2014 based on the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification system, GIS model calculations and field work. Seven built and two land cover LCZ types were delineated and 27 stations equipped with air temperature and relative humidity sensors were distributed across all LCZs. Suitability of the developed monitoring system for human outdoor thermal comfort research in different LCZs of the city and its surroundings was investigated during a heat wave period using Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index. During the daytime (night-time) the highest thermal loads are present in open midrise (compact midrise) LCZ, while the most comfortable is LCZ A (dense trees) during the whole day. In general, the highest thermal loads are obtained in midrise, followed by low-rise, sparsely built, low plants and dense trees LCZs. All LCZs (except LCZ A-dense trees) had higher PET when compared to LCZ D (LCZ D-low plants) during evening and nocturnal hours with maximum difference of 7.1 °C (00 UTC) between LCZ 2 (compact midrise) and LCZ D (low plants). Contrary to this, LCZ D (low plants) had higher PET compared to the majority of LCZs during the daytime with maximum difference of 8.5 °C (9 UTC) when compared to LCZ A (dense trees). Furthermore, the smallest thermal comfort differences during heat wave occurred between LCZs with similar structure (i.e. open low-rise and large low-rise, compact midrise and compact low-rise) and cover (i.e. sparsely built and low plants).

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a dynamic regulatory network of biochemical reactions that integrates and synchronizes the nervous and the endocrine systems functions at the organism level. In order to describe how this vast network of biochemical interactions operates, we have developed a nonlinear eleven-dimensional stoichiometric model that concisely describes key biochemical transformations that comprise the HPA axis in rats. In a stoichiometric model of a biochemical system, the outcomes of complex biochemical pathways are succinctly described by stoichiometric relations. In this representation, substances that initiate, i.e. enter a pathway are regarded to behave as reactants; substances that are generated in a pathway are regarded to behave as products; and the rates at which products of a pathway appear are jointly proportional to the concentrations of the reactants. In order to derive rate constants for specific biochemical reaction pathways, we have resorted to our recently developed nonlinear reaction model that concisely describes biochemical transformations in the HPA axis in humans. In this way, a mathematical framework is developed to describe in the form of a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) the integration of biochemical pathways that constitute the HPA axis on chemical kinetics basis. This, in turn, allows us to use numerical simulations to investigate how the underlying biochemical pathways are intertwined to give an integral HPA axis response at the organism level to a variety of external or internal perturbators of the HPA dynamics. Given that the HPA axis is a nonlinear dynamical network, its response is complex and often cannot be intuitively predicted, stoichiometric modeling can be harnessed for gaining additional insights into dynamical functioning of this complex neuroendocrine system.

Dynamic properties of a nonlinear five-dimensional stoichiometric model of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were systematically investigated. Conditions under which qualitative transitions between dynamic states occur are determined by independently varying the rate constants of all reactions that constitute the model. Bifurcation types were further characterized using continuation algorithms and scale factor methods. Regions of bistability and transitions through supercritical Andronov-Hopf and saddle loop bifurcations were identified. Dynamic state analysis predicts that the HPA axis operates under basal (healthy) physiological conditions close to an Andronov-Hopf bifurcation. Dynamic properties of the stress-control axis have not been characterized experimentally, but modelling suggests that the proximity to a supercritical Andronov-Hopf bifurcation can give the HPA axis both, flexibility to respond to external stimuli and adjust to new conditions and stability, i.e., the capacity to return to the original dynamic state afterwards, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis. The analysis presented here reflects the properties of a low-dimensional model that succinctly describes neurochemical transformations underlying the HPA axis. However, the model accounts correctly for a number of experimentally observed properties of the stress-response axis. We therefore regard that the presented analysis is meaningful, showing how in silico investigations can be used to guide the experimentalists in understanding how the HPA axis activity changes under chronic disease and/or specific pharmacological manipulations.

A mathematical model of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with cholesterol as a dynamical variable was derived to investigate the effects of cholesterol, the primary precursor of all steroid hormones, on the ultradian and circadian HPA axis activity. To develop the model, the parameter space was systematically examined by stoichiometric network analysis to identify conditions for ultradian oscillations, determine conditions under which dynamic transitions, i.e. bifurcations occur and identify bifurcation types. The bifurcations were further characterized using numerical simulations. Model predictions agree well with empirical findings reported in the literature, indicating that cholesterol levels may critically affect the global dynamics of the HPA axis. The proposed model provides a base for better understanding of experimental observations, it may be used as a tool for designing experiments and offers useful insights into the characteristics of basic dynamic regulatory mechanisms that, when impaired, may lead to the development of some modern-lifestyle-associated diseases.

Циљ докторске дисертације је да прикаже везу између кинологије, ловног туризма и других облика туризма, а ова проблематика није досад обрађивана у домаћој и страној литератури. Анализом садржаја и карактеристика пролећних, јесењих и свестраних узгојних испита ловачких паса представљен је значај ловачких паса у ловним активностима, а анализа резултата рада немачких оштродлаких паса, као свестрано употребљивих ловачких паса, на пролећним и јесењим узгојним испитима одржаним у Србији у периоду од 2006. до 2013. године показала је колико је популација ових паса у Србији способна да допринесе ловнотуристиким активностима. Резултати анкетних истраживања спроведених међу српским ловцима, домаћим и иностраним учесницима кинолошких манифестација, као и међу српским кинолошким судијама, допринели су схватању значаја и утицаја организовања и одржавања кинолошких манифестација на ловно-туристичка кретања и туристичка кретања уопште у Србији и дала смернице организаторима кинолошких манифестација за побољшање понуде тј. организације и спровођења манифестација, као и туристичким посленицима у местима одржавања кинолошких манифестација у проналажењу конкретних смерница у креирању и побољшавању укупне туристичке понуде и ефеката туристичке потрошње., Cilj doktorske disertacije je da prikaže vezu između kinologije, lovnog turizma i drugih oblika turizma, a ova problematika nije dosad obrađivana u domaćoj i stranoj literaturi. Analizom sadržaja i karakteristika prolećnih, jesenjih i svestranih uzgojnih ispita lovačkih pasa predstavljen je značaj lovačkih pasa u lovnim aktivnostima, a analiza rezultata rada nemačkih oštrodlakih pasa, kao svestrano upotrebljivih lovačkih pasa, na prolećnim i jesenjim uzgojnim ispitima održanim u Srbiji u periodu od 2006. do 2013. godine pokazala je koliko je populacija ovih pasa u Srbiji sposobna da doprinese lovnoturistikim aktivnostima. Rezultati anketnih istraživanja sprovedenih među srpskim lovcima, domaćim i inostranim učesnicima kinoloških manifestacija, kao i među srpskim kinološkim sudijama, doprineli su shvatanju značaja i uticaja organizovanja i održavanja kinoloških manifestacija na lovno-turistička kretanja i turistička kretanja uopšte u Srbiji i dala smernice organizatorima kinoloških manifestacija za poboljšanje ponude tj. organizacije i sprovođenja manifestacija, kao i turističkim poslenicima u mestima održavanja kinoloških manifestacija u pronalaženju konkretnih smernica u kreiranju i poboljšavanju ukupne turističke ponude i efekata turističke potrošnje., The aim of the dissertation is to show the relationship between cynology, hunting tourism and other forms of tourism. The importance of using hunting dogs in hunting activities is presented by analyzing the content and characteristics of spring, autumn and versality breeding tests for hunting dogs. One of the task was to determine the quality German wirehaired pointers population in Serbia and its capability to contribute hunting and touristic activities in Serbia. For the purpose of the study, surveys were conducted among serbian hunters, local and foreign participants of kennel events, as well as the Serbian kennel judges and hunters. Results could contribute to the understanding of the importance and impact of the dog event organization and maintenance on hunting tourism trends and the tourist industry in general. Results of the study could, be helpful to dog event organizers and tourism workers in destination for improving organization of events and finding specific guidelines in creating and improving tourist offer.

This paper presents development and implementation of an automated urban climate monitoring system in mid-sized European city Novi Sad (Vojvodina, Serbia). The urban climate monitoring network contains 27 stations (25 in urban area and 2 in non-urbanized environment). To determine the representativeness station cites we used Stewart-Oke Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification, authors' local knowledge and field surveys to delineate urban area and surrounding environments. For LCZ determination we used Lelovics-Gál automated GIS (Geographic Information System) method. Stations measure the values and every 10 minutes send the readings related to air temperature, relative humidity, battery voltage, status value and other technical information to the main server. In order for the data stored in database server to be ready for usage in urban climate studies and for analyzing entire systems' work, we created Urban Path System tool (UP-SYS_tool) and URBAN-PATH Portal. Furthermore, the automatic data procession system visualizes the measured values from urban climate monitoring network in Novi Sad and informs the citizens about the most recent temperature, relative humidity and thermal comfort measurements. These, in situ measurements should provide long-term time series in order to highlight the thermal differences among different urban structures in city/es (intra-urban and inter-urban comparisons), and contribute to better understanding of urban climate in the urban canopy layer.

Short lived radon and thoron progeny are natural occurring radionuclides which are the most responsible for exposure of people. Main way of irradiating is internal, by inhalation, or ingestion. After inhalation radon and thoron short lived progeny deposit on the inner layers of bronchi and bronchioles and damage surrounding tissue. Activity in the lungs contributes to dose in the lungs, but because of long range of beta gamma and beta radiation, also in the all other human organs. External exposure is from activity in the air surrounding human body. In order to determine airborne activity, model of Brownian motion of radon progeny is developed, using Monte Carlo method. From simulations Jacoby room parameters were determined, which allow to calculate airborne activity in the room. Using this values, deposited activity in the lung can be calculated, which was done in this work. Further absorbed fractions in the sensitive tissue of bronchial and bronchiolar region were calculated using PENELOPE software. Absorbed fraction in sensitive regions is from few to 18% of mean beta spectrum energy. These calculations enabled dose determination in these radiosensitive parts of lugs. DCF for radon progeny was calculated to be 0.21 mSv /WLM , which comprise about 2% of the DCF due to alpha particles from radon progeny. For thoron progeny, DCF is 0.06 mSv /WLM , which comprise 1.5% of the alpha lung dose from thoron progeny. Variation of Jacoby parameters showed that DCF value can be changed in the 35% interval. Absorbed fractions with values up to 18% shows that only that amount of beta and gamma energy is absorbed in the lungs. Because of that it is needed to know doses in all other organs and tissues. In this work doses in all main organs and remainder tissue were calculated for radon and thoron progeny. It is shown that DCF for whole organism is 13.3 and 20.45 mSv /WLM for radon and thoron respectively. At the end contribution from external exposure was determined, for the OR

The study area is Sitno Nature 2000 Site. The “Natura 2000” framework focuses on conservation of valuable landscapes and nature, aims at the sustainable conservation of Europe’s biodiversity and species richness across Europe. The development of a Natura 2000 ecological network is important policy initiative in support of protected sites. Sitno Natura 2000 study area is located in central Slovakia. It has been selected for the richness of its natural environment and anthropogenic impacts. For the last 30 years the areas has been used for the tourism and transmitting of digital and analogue data by army and commercial sphere. Therefore, there was built and developed technical infrastructure. Diversifying study area on zones Natura 2000 sites are designed according to the ecological and biogeographical criteria, in order to meet specific conservation objectives that are to be achieved by the appropriate conservation measures. Sitno Natura 2000 Site represents type of the protected area, where human impacts are detected, though not in a wide range. The main result of this work consists in determined ecological significant areas of habitats that are under protection s system of Natura 2000 Sites. The patches quantification of habitats is the partial result that influences process of determination of ecological significance. The interpretative process examines land cover patches by the set of landscape metrics for the area, size, density and shape (NP, PD, MPS, PSSD and MSI). The ecological significance of landscape elements represents numerical values (degrees), which interpret quality of the on-going ecological process in landscape. According to the degrees of the ecological significance the protected area was zoned. This map divides study area into three (3) different zones with separately regime for nature conservation and landscape usage: Zone A, Zone B and Zone C. This division is based on the objective and ecological approach that respects human sustainable develo, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Hipotalamo-hipofizno-adrenalna (eng. hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, HPA) osa predstavlja složen neuroendokrini sistem koji učestvuje u održavanju optimalnog dinamičkog stanja živog sistema (homeostaze). Bilo da je u osnovnom (bazalnom) ili nekom pobuđenom stanju pod dejstvom stresa, takav složeni nelinearni sistem je uvek daleko od termodinamičke ravnoteže i poseduje povratnu spregu. Zato hormone koji ga čine nalazimo u različitim dinamičkim stanjima. U osnovnom stanju, tzv. bazalnoj fiziologiji, koncentracija hormona kortizola, krajnjeg produkta i glavnog efektornog hormona HPA sistema čoveka, ispoljava složenu oscilatornu evoluciju u vremenu, sa unutardnevnim (ultradijalnim) oscilacijama superponiranim na dnevne (cirkadijalne) oscilacije. Na osnovu sve većeg broja dokaza postalo je očigledno da je odgovarajuća oscilatorna dinamika HPA sistema nepohodan preduslov za normalno funkcionosanje i zdravlje organizma, s obzirom na to da su promene u dinamičkom ponašanju HPA sistema povezane sa mnogim metaboličkim i psihijatrijskim poremećajima. Stoga je potrebno sveobuhvatnije ispitivanje dinamičkih svojstava HPA ose, koje obuhvata ne samo eksperimentalne studije, već i modeliranje i predviđanje na bazi numeričkih simulacija. U tom cilju je u skorije vreme razvijen priličan broj matematičkih modela koji mogu da simuliraju različite dinamičke karakteristike HPA ose u njenim osnovnim kao i u patološkim stanjima. Modeliranje mehanizma procesa na bazi stehiometrijskih relacija između reakcionih vrsta, i osnovnih principa nelinerane dinamike se pokazalo kao koristan pristup u simuliranju različitih složenih dinamičkih stanja koji se javljaju u mnogim sistemima, uključujući oscilatorno ponašanje HPA sistema. Glavni cilj ove doktorske disertacije je modeliranje dinamičkih stanja HPA sistema čoveka i koncentracije kortizola kao reprezentativnog hormona za prikazivanje tih stanja, koja se mogu javiti pod različitim fiziološkim uslovima ili usled delovanja perturbatora HPA sistema, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine system involved in maintaining optimal dynamic state of the organism as a whole (i.e. the state of homeostasis). Whether being in its basal state or in some of the perturbed stress states, this highly nonlinear system always functions under conditions far away from the thermodynamic equilibrium, possessing various feedback mechanisms. Consequently, hormones comprising the HPA axis can be found in different dynamic states. Under basal conditions, i.e. basal physiology, concentration of a hormone cortisol, the end-product and chief effector of human HPA axis, displays complex oscillatory time-evolution, with ultradian oscillations being superimposed on circadian oscillations. It has become evident from a growing body of evidence that adequate oscillatory dynamics of HPA axis is a necessary prerequisite for its normal functioning and health, given that alterations of HPA axis dynamics are associated with many metabolic and psychiatric disorders. Thus, more exhaustive understanding of dynamic properties of HPA axis is required, accounting for not only experimental studies but also modeling and numerical simulation predictions. To this end, many mathematical models emulating different dynamical properties of HPA axis, in its regular as well as in pathological states, have been recently developed. Modeling the mechanism of a process by employing jointly stoichiometric relations between the reaction species and basic principles of nonlinear dynamics has proven to constitute a useful approach in emulating various forms of complex dynamic states occurring in a variety of systems, including the oscillatory behavior within the HPA axis. The main goal of this dissertation is the modeling of dynamical states of human HPA axis and concentration of cortisol, as a representative hormone for describing these HPA axis states, occurring under different physiological conditions or due to the impact of the HPA

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of most abundant game species in hunting areas of Balkan region. The large fraction of pre-glacial genetic diversity in wild boar populations from the Balkans was addressed due to high proportion of unique mtDNA haplotypes found in Greece, indicating Balkan as main refugial area for wild boars. The aim of the present study is to characterize mitochondrial DNA control region variability in wild boars from different areas in the West Balkan region, in order to evaluate level of genetic variability, to detect unique haplotypes and to infer possible structuring. The total number of 163 individuals from different sampling localities were included in the study. A fragment of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by standard procedures. Population genetic analyses were performed using several computer packages: BioEdit, ARLEQUIN 3.5.1.2., Network 4.6.0.0 and MEGA5. Eleven different haplotypes were identified and haplotype diversity was 0.676, nucleotide diversity 0.0026, and the average number of nucleotide differences (k) 1.169. The mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicated the expansion of the all populations. It is shown that high level of genetic diversity is present in the wild boars from the West Balkan region and we have managed to detect regional unique haplotypes in high frequency. Genetic diversity differences have been found in regional wild boar groups, clustering them in two main clusters, but further speculations on the reasons for the observed clustering are prevented due to restricted informativness of the single locus marker. Obtained knowledge of genetic variation in the wild boar may be relevant for improving knowledge of the phylogeny and phylogeography of the wild boars, but as well as for hunting societies and responsible authorities for the effective control of wild boar populations., Divlja svinja (Sus scrofa) je jedna od najbrojnijih vrsta divljači u lovnim područjima Balkana. Na osnovu velikog broja jedinstvenih haplotipova u populacijama divljih svinja Grčke, zaključeno je da se veliki deo pre-glacijalnog genetičkog diverziteta ovih populacija zadržao na Balkanskom poluostrvu, koje je označeno kao glavni refugijum za divlje svinje. Cilj ovog rada je karakterizacija varijabilnosti kontrolnog regiona mitohondrijalne DNK kod divljih svinja sa različitih lokaliteta Zapadnog Balkana, u svrhu utvrđivanja genetičke varijabilnosti, detekcije jedinstvenih haplotipova i definisanja moguće struktuiranosti populacije. Ukupno su analizirane 163 jedinke sa različitih lokaliteta. Deo kontrolnog regiona mtDNK je umnožen i sekvenciran standardnim metodama. Populaciono-genetička analiza urađena je pomoću programskih paketa za analizu sekvenci: BioEdit, ARLEQUIN 3.5.1.2., Network 4.6.0.0 and MEGA5. Nađeno je jedanaest haplotipova i diverzitet haplotipova je iznosio 0.676, diverzitet nukleotida 0.0026, dok je prosečan broj nukleotidnih razlika bio 1.169. Test unimodalne distribucije i testovi neutralnosti pokazali su ekspanziju svih populacija. Pokazan je visok nivo genetičkog diverziteta u populacijama divljih svinja Zapadnog Balkana i detektovani su haplotipovi jedinstveni za regione u visokoj frekvenciji. Razlike u genetičkom diverzitetu pokazane su u regionalnim grupama, i klaster analiza je pokazala prisustvo dve odvojene grane, ali konačan zaključak o stepenu struktuiranosti nije mogao biti donet, zbog ograničene informativnosti jednog genskog markera. Dobijeni rezultati o genetičkoj varijabilnosti divljih svinja relevantni su za rekonstrukciju filogenije i filogeografije ove vrste divljači, ali i za organizacije odgovorne za efektivnu kontrolu populacija divljih svinja.

The Sitno Natura 2000 Site covers an area of 935,56 hectares. The Sitno region is significant due to the number of rare and endangered species of plants, and as a result is considered a location of great importance to the maintenance of floral gene pools. The study area suffers human impacts in the form of tourism. The main purpose of this study is to the measure landscape elements, determine the ecological significance of habitats within the Sitno area, and from this data, organize the study area into conservation zones. The results of this landscape quantification are numerical values that can be used to interpret the quality of ongoing ecological processes within individual landscape types. Interpretation of this quantified data can be used to determine the ecological significance of landscapes in other study areas. This research examines the habitats of Natura 2000 Sites by a set of landscape metrics for habitat area, size, density, and shape, such as Number of patches (NP), Patch density (PD), Mean patch size (MPS), Patch size standard deviation (PSSD) and Mean shape index (MSI). The classification of land cover patches is based on the Annex Code system., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The main result of this work consists in determined ecological significant areas of habitats that are under protection´s system of Natura 2000 Sites. The patches quantification of habitats is the partial result that influences process of determination of ecological significance. The interpretative process examines land cover patches by the set of landscape metrics for the area, size, density and shape (NP, PD, MPS, PSSD and MSI). The output values could express a spatial processes in the landscape, such as perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage or attrition. The final ecological significance of the study area-Sitno Natura 2000 site-is at degree 3, what means that the area is represented by moderately significant land cover patches-habitats. It indicates the same value as the one at the initial level. According to the value of the ecological significance, the study area has been diversified into three zones, where each one indicates specific level of conservation. The zones and the final degree of the ecological significance of habitats are retroactively compared to historical and cultural human development that started in this area as early as in 1st century BC. Theoretically, such a long period of intense human impacts on the local environment should completely destroy natural environment. Nevertheless, this area demonstrates rather good natural ecosystems conditions and well functioning ecological processes within the habitats. The human impact is now observed only in small range of size not more than 1,50% from total area of Sitno Natura 2000 Site. It can be explained, first, by low population density within the study area comparing to other EU areas, secondly, by accurate usage of the living area by the local population in general, and thirdly, by high resilience of the elements of landscapes towards any human impacts., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of most abundant game species in hunting areas of Balkan region. The large fraction of pre-glacial genetic diversity in wild boar populations from the Balkans was addressed due to high proportion of unique mtDNA haplotypes found in Greece, indicating Balkan as main refugial area for wild boars. The aim of the present study is to characterize mitochondrial DNA control region variability in wild boars from different areas in the West Balkan region, in order to evaluate level of genetic variability, to detect unique haplotypes and to infer possible structuring. The total number of 163 individuals from different sampling localities were included in the study. A fragment of the mtDNA control region was amplified and sequenced by standard procedures. Population genetic analyses were performed using several computer packages: BioEdit, ARLEQUIN 3.5.1.2., Network 4.6.0.0 and MEGA5. Eleven different haplotypes were identified and haplotype diversity was 0.676, nucleotide diversity 0.0026, and the average number of nucleotide differences (k) 1.169. The mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicated the expansion of the all populations. It is shown that high level of genetic diversity is present in the wild boars from the West Balkan region and we have managed to detect regional unique haplotypes in high frequency. Genetic diversity differences have been found in regional wild boar groups, clustering them in two main clusters, but further speculations on the reasons for the observed clustering are prevented due to restricted informativness of the single locus marker. Obtained knowledge of genetic variation in the wild boar may be relevant for improving knowledge of the phylogeny and phylogeography of the wild boars, but as well as for hunting societies and responsible authorities for the effective control of wild boar populations., Divlja svinja (Sus scrofa) je jedna od najbrojnijih vrsta divljači u lovnim područjima Balkana. Na osnovu velikog broja jedinstvenih haplotipova u populacijama divljih svinja Grčke, zaključeno je da se veliki deo pre-glacijalnog genetičkog diverziteta ovih populacija zadržao na Balkanskom poluostrvu, koje je označeno kao glavni refugijum za divlje svinje. Cilj ovog rada je karakterizacija varijabilnosti kontrolnog regiona mitohondrijalne DNK kod divljih svinja sa različitih lokaliteta Zapadnog Balkana, u svrhu utvrđivanja genetičke varijabilnosti, detekcije jedinstvenih haplotipova i definisanja moguće struktuiranosti populacije. Ukupno su analizirane 163 jedinke sa različitih lokaliteta. Deo kontrolnog regiona mtDNK je umnožen i sekvenciran standardnim metodama. Populaciono-genetička analiza urađena je pomoću programskih paketa za analizu sekvenci: BioEdit, ARLEQUIN 3.5.1.2., Network 4.6.0.0 and MEGA5. Nađeno je jedanaest haplotipova i diverzitet haplotipova je iznosio 0.676, diverzitet nukleotida 0.0026, dok je prosečan broj nukleotidnih razlika bio 1.169. Test unimodalne distribucije i testovi neutralnosti pokazali su ekspanziju svih populacija. Pokazan je visok nivo genetičkog diverziteta u populacijama divljih svinja Zapadnog Balkana i detektovani su haplotipovi jedinstveni za regione u visokoj frekvenciji. Razlike u genetičkom diverzitetu pokazane su u regionalnim grupama, i klaster analiza je pokazala prisustvo dve odvojene grane, ali konačan zaključak o stepenu struktuiranosti nije mogao biti donet, zbog ograničene informativnosti jednog genskog markera. Dobijeni rezultati o genetičkoj varijabilnosti divljih svinja relevantni su za rekonstrukciju filogenije i filogeografije ove vrste divljači, ali i za organizacije odgovorne za efektivnu kontrolu populacija divljih svinja.

Standard Normal Homogeneity Test (SNHT) was applied for the detection of inhomogeneities in the time series of mean monthly air temperature data for 7 stations in Vojvodina Province (North Serbia) for the period 1949-2010. In time series of two stations missing data have been found, but gaps do not exceed 5% of dataset. These gaps have been filled in with values from the three best correlated neighbouring stations. Seven series of the moving average multi-annual air temperature (48-month and 72-month span) have been investigated. For inhomogeneity detection of these time series AnClim software package has been used, while further analysis used various statistical and cartography methods. Reference series have been chosen from 4 to 6 stations, based on distance, similar altitudes and squared correlation coefficient higher than 0.9. SNHT has been applied for detecting abrupt homogeneity breaks. The critical level of the test was 95%. Detected break points were compared to metadata records in order to diagnose causes of featured inhomogeneities. That type of information was crucial for applying calculated corrections of investigated series. After the homogenisation process, the adjustment values have been analysed. The breaks which are explained in metadata are related to the relocations of the stations and show mostly low correction values. Differences between average values of raw and homogenised monthly time series are mostly within range from 0 to 0.12°C. According to low difference data, the results present very similar linear trends of original and homogenised time series for all stations. Still, there are a substantial changes of spatial distribution paterns. The patterns for homogenised series seem more regular, due to successful application of homogenisation process, making the image of climate variations in Vojvodina more reliable.

Detailed dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (I-IPA) axis is complex, depending on the individual metabolic load of an organism, its current status (healthy/ill, circadian phase (day/night), ultradian phase) and environmental impact. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the HPA axis activity between different individuals or draw unequivocal conclusions about the overall status of the HPA axis in an individual using single time-point measurements of cortisol levels. The aim of this study is to identify parameters that enable us to compare different dynamic states of the HPA axis and use them to investigate self-regulation mechanisms in the HPA axis under acute and chronic stress. In this regard, a four-dimensional stoichiometric model of the HPA axis was used. Acute stress was modeled by inducing an abrupt change in cortisol level during the course of numerical integration, whereas chronic stress was modeled by changing the mean stationary state concentrations of CRH. Effects of acute stress intensity, duration and time of onset with respect to the ultradian amplitude, ultradian phase and the circadian phase of the perturbed oscillation were studied in detail. Bifurcation analysis was used to predict the response of the HPA axis to chronic stress. Model predictions were compared with experimental findings reported in the literature and relevance for pharmacotherapy with glucocorticoids was discussed.

Detailed dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (I-IPA) axis is complex, depending on the individual metabolic load of an organism, its current status (healthy/ill, circadian phase (day/night), ultradian phase) and environmental impact. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the HPA axis activity between different individuals or draw unequivocal conclusions about the overall status of the HPA axis in an individual using single time-point measurements of cortisol levels. The aim of this study is to identify parameters that enable us to compare different dynamic states of the HPA axis and use them to investigate self-regulation mechanisms in the HPA axis under acute and chronic stress. In this regard, a four-dimensional stoichiometric model of the HPA axis was used. Acute stress was modeled by inducing an abrupt change in cortisol level during the course of numerical integration, whereas chronic stress was modeled by changing the mean stationary state concentrations of CRH. Effects of acute stress intensity, duration and time of onset with respect to the ultradian amplitude, ultradian phase and the circadian phase of the perturbed oscillation were studied in detail. Bifurcation analysis was used to predict the response of the HPA axis to chronic stress. Model predictions were compared with experimental findings reported in the literature and relevance for pharmacotherapy with glucocorticoids was discussed.

Glucocorticoids, the end products of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, are widely used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs. However, the feed-back effects of externally induced glucocorticoids on the HPA axis activity remain widely unknown. In this study, we use numerical simulations to investigate changes in the HPA axis activity caused by externally introduced cortisol. We emulate the basal HPA activity using a stoichiometric model of the HPA axis, and perturb its dynamics by abruptly changing cortisol levels during the course of numerical integration, thereby mimicking cortisol increase under treatment. Our study shows that the HPA axis activity is susceptible to perturbations by cortisol and that external cortisol pulses elicit different responses, depending on the dose and the time of cortisol introduction.